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Suksai M, Romero R, Bosco M, Gotsch F, Jung E, Chaemsaithong P, Tarca AL, Gudicha DW, Gomez-Lopez N, Arenas-Hernandez M, Meyyazhagan A, Grossman LI, Aras S, Chaiworapongsa T. A mitochondrial regulator protein, MNRR1, is elevated in the maternal blood of women with preeclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2024; 37:2297158. [PMID: 38220225 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2023.2297158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preeclampsia, one of the most serious obstetric complications, is a heterogenous disorder resulting from different pathologic processes. However, placental oxidative stress and an anti-angiogenic state play a crucial role. Mitochondria are a major source of cellular reactive oxygen species. Abnormalities in mitochondrial structures, proteins, and functions have been observed in the placentae of patients with preeclampsia, thus mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the mechanism of the disease. Mitochondrial nuclear retrograde regulator 1 (MNRR1) is a newly characterized bi-organellar protein with pleiotropic functions. In the mitochondria, this protein regulates cytochrome c oxidase activity and reactive oxygen species production, whereas in the nucleus, it regulates the transcription of a number of genes including response to tissue hypoxia and inflammatory signals. Since MNRR1 expression changes in response to hypoxia and to an inflammatory signal, MNRR1 could be a part of mitochondrial dysfunction and involved in the pathologic process of preeclampsia. This study aimed to determine whether the plasma MNRR1 concentration of women with preeclampsia differed from that of normal pregnant women. METHODS This retrospective case-control study included 97 women with preeclampsia, stratified by gestational age at delivery into early (<34 weeks, n = 40) and late (≥34 weeks, n = 57) preeclampsia and by the presence or absence of placental lesions consistent with maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM), the histologic counterpart of an anti-angiogenic state. Women with an uncomplicated pregnancy at various gestational ages who delivered at term served as controls (n = 80) and were further stratified into early (n = 25) and late (n = 55) controls according to gestational age at venipuncture. Maternal plasma MNRR1 concentrations were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS 1) Women with preeclampsia at the time of diagnosis (either early or late disease) had a significantly higher median (interquartile range, IQR) plasma MNRR1 concentration than the controls [early preeclampsia: 1632 (924-2926) pg/mL vs. 630 (448-4002) pg/mL, p = .026, and late preeclampsia: 1833 (1441-5534) pg/mL vs. 910 (526-6178) pg/mL, p = .021]. Among women with early preeclampsia, those with MVM lesions in the placenta had the highest median (IQR) plasma MNRR1 concentration among the three groups [with MVM: 2066 (1070-3188) pg/mL vs. without MVM: 888 (812-1781) pg/mL, p = .03; and with MVM vs. control: 630 (448-4002) pg/mL, p = .04]. There was no significant difference in the median plasma MNRR1 concentration between women with early preeclampsia without MVM lesions and those with an uncomplicated pregnancy (p = .3). By contrast, women with late preeclampsia, regardless of MVM lesions, had a significantly higher median (IQR) plasma MNRR1 concentration than women in the control group [with MVM: 1609 (1392-3135) pg/mL vs. control: 910 (526-6178), p = .045; and without MVM: 2023 (1578-8936) pg/mL vs. control, p = .01]. CONCLUSIONS MNRR1, a mitochondrial regulator protein, is elevated in the maternal plasma of women with preeclampsia (both early and late) at the time of diagnosis. These findings may reflect some degree of mitochondrial dysfunction, intravascular inflammation, or other unknown pathologic processes that characterize this obstetrical syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manaphat Suksai
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Roberto Romero
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Mariachiara Bosco
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, AOUI Verona, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Gotsch
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Eunjung Jung
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Piya Chaemsaithong
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Adi L Tarca
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University College of Engineering, Detroit, MI, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Dereje W Gudicha
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Marcia Arenas-Hernandez
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Arun Meyyazhagan
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Centre of Perinatal and Reproductive Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lawrence I Grossman
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Siddhesh Aras
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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Bosco M, Romero R, Gallo DM, Suksai M, Gotsch F, Jung E, Chaemsaithong P, Tarca AL, Gomez-Lopez N, Arenas-Hernandez M, Meyyazhagan A, Al Qasem M, Franchi MP, Grossman LI, Aras S, Chaiworapongsa T. Clinical chorioamnionitis at term is characterized by changes in the plasma concentration of CHCHD2/MNRR1, a mitochondrial protein. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 36:2222333. [PMID: 37349086 PMCID: PMC10445405 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2023.2222333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mitochondrial dysfunction was observed in acute systemic inflammatory conditions such as sepsis and might be involved in sepsis-induced multi-organ failure. Coiled-Coil-Helix-Coiled-Coil-Helix Domain Containing 2 (CHCHD2), also known as Mitochondrial Nuclear Retrograde Regulator 1 (MNRR1), a bi-organellar protein located in the mitochondria and the nucleus, is implicated in cell respiration, survival, and response to tissue hypoxia. Recently, the reduction of the cellular CHCHD2/MNRR1 protein, as part of mitochondrial dysfunction, has been shown to play a role in the amplification of inflammatory cytokines in a murine model of lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammation. The aim of this study was to determine whether the plasma concentration of CHCHD2/MNRR1 changed during human normal pregnancy, spontaneous labor at term, and clinical chorioamnionitis at term. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study that included the following groups: 1) non-pregnant women (n = 17); 2) normal pregnant women at various gestational ages from the first trimester until term (n = 110); 3) women at term with spontaneous labor (n = 50); and 4) women with clinical chorioamnionitis at term in labor (n = 25). Plasma concentrations of CHCHD2/MNRR1 were assessed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS 1) Pregnant women at term in labor with clinical chorioamnionitis had a significantly higher plasma CHCHD2/MNRR1 concentration than those in labor without chorioamnionitis (p = .003); 2) CHCHD2/MNRR1 is present in the plasma of healthy non-pregnant and normal pregnant women without significant differences in its plasma concentrations between the two groups; 3) there was no correlation between maternal plasma CHCHD2/MNRR1 concentration and gestational age at venipuncture; and 4) plasma CHCHD2/MNRR1 concentration was not significantly different in women at term in spontaneous labor compared to those not in labor. CONCLUSIONS CHCHD2/MNRR1 is physiologically present in the plasma of healthy non-pregnant and normal pregnant women, and its concentration does not change with gestational age and parturition at term. However, plasma CHCHD2/MNRR1 is elevated in women at term with clinical chorioamnionitis. CHCHD2/MNRR1, a novel bi-organellar protein located in the mitochondria and the nucleus, is released into maternal plasma during systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Bosco
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, AOUI Verona, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Roberto Romero
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Dahiana M Gallo
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Manaphat Suksai
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Francesca Gotsch
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Eunjung Jung
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Piya Chaemsaithong
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Adi L Tarca
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University College of Engineering, Detroit, MI, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Marcia Arenas-Hernandez
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Arun Meyyazhagan
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Centre of Perinatal and Reproductive Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Malek Al Qasem
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - Massimo P Franchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, AOUI Verona, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Lawrence I Grossman
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Siddhesh Aras
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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Bosco M, Romero R, Gallo DM, Suksai M, Gotsch F, Jung E, Chaemsaithong P, Tarca AL, Gomez-Lopez N, Arenas-Hernandez M, Meyyazhagan A, Al Qasem M, Franchi MP, Grossman LI, Aras S, Chaiworapongsa T. Evidence for the participation of CHCHD2/MNRR1, a mitochondrial protein, in spontaneous labor at term and in preterm labor with intra-amniotic infection. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 36:2183088. [PMID: 36941246 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2023.2183088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intra-amniotic inflammation (IAI), associated with either microbe (infection) or danger signals (sterile), plays a major role in the pathophysiology of preterm labor and delivery. Coiled-Coil-Helix-Coiled-Coil-Helix Domain Containing 2 (CHCHD2) [also known as Mitochondrial Nuclear Retrograde Regulator 1 (MNRR1)], a mitochondrial protein involved in oxidative phosphorylation and cell survival, is capable of sensing tissue hypoxia and inflammatory signaling. The ability to maintain an appropriate energy balance at the cellular level while adapting to environmental stress is essential for the survival of an organism. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been observed in acute systemic inflammatory conditions, such as sepsis, and is proposed to be involved in sepsis-induced multi-organ failure. The purpose of this study was to determine the amniotic fluid concentrations of CHCHD2/MNRR1 in pregnant women, women at term in labor, and those in preterm labor (PTL) with and without IAI. METHODS This cross-sectional study comprised patients allocated to the following groups: (1) mid-trimester (n = 16); (2) term in labor (n = 37); (3) term not in labor (n = 22); (4) PTL without IAI who delivered at term (n = 25); (5) PTL without IAI who delivered preterm (n = 47); and (6) PTL with IAI who delivered preterm (n = 53). Diagnosis of IAI (amniotic fluid interleukin-6 concentration ≥2.6 ng/mL) included cases associated with microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity and those of sterile nature (absence of detectable bacteria, using culture and molecular microbiology techniques). Amniotic fluid and maternal plasma CHCHD2/MNRR1 concentrations were determined with a validated and sensitive immunoassay. RESULTS (1) CHCHD2/MNRR1 was detectable in all amniotic fluid samples and women at term without labor had a higher amniotic fluid CHCHD2/MNRR1 concentration than those in the mid-trimester (p = 0.003); (2) the amniotic fluid concentration of CHCHD2/MNRR1 in women at term in labor was higher than that in women at term without labor (p = 0.01); (3) women with PTL and IAI had a higher amniotic fluid CHCHD2/MNRR1 concentration than those without IAI, either with preterm (p < 0.001) or term delivery (p = 0.01); (4) women with microbial-associated IAI had a higher amniotic fluid CHCHD2/MNRR1 concentration than those with sterile IAI (p < 0.001); (5) among women with PTL and IAI, the amniotic fluid concentration of CHCHD2/MNRR1 correlated with that of interleukin-6 (Spearman's Rho = 0.7; p < 0.001); and (6) no correlation was observed between amniotic fluid and maternal plasma CHCHD2/MNRR1 concentrations among women with PTL. CONCLUSION CHCHD2/MNRR1 is a physiological constituent of human amniotic fluid in normal pregnancy, and the amniotic concentration of this mitochondrial protein increases during pregnancy, labor at term, and preterm labor with intra-amniotic infection. Hence, CHCHD2/MNRR1 may be released into the amniotic cavity by dysfunctional mitochondria during microbial-associated IAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Bosco
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, AOUI Verona, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Roberto Romero
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Dahiana M Gallo
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Manaphat Suksai
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Francesca Gotsch
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Eunjung Jung
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Piya Chaemsaithong
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Adi L Tarca
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University College of Engineering, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Marcia Arenas-Hernandez
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Arun Meyyazhagan
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Centre of Perinatal and Reproductive Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Malek Al Qasem
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - Massimo P Franchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, AOUI Verona, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Lawrence I Grossman
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Siddhesh Aras
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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4
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Purandare N, Gomez-Lopez N, Arenas-Hernandez M, Galaz J, Romero R, Xi Y, Fribley AM, Grossman LI, Aras S. The MNRR1 activator nitazoxanide abrogates lipopolysaccharide-induced preterm birth in mice. Placenta 2023; 140:66-71. [PMID: 37544161 PMCID: PMC10529525 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Intra-amniotic inflammation leading to preterm birth is one of the leading causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality. We recently reported that the mitochondrial levels of MNRR1 (Mitochondrial Nuclear Retrograde, Regulator 1; also called CHCHD2, AAG10, or PARK22), an important bi-organellar regulator of cellular function, are reduced in the context of inflammation and that genetic and pharmacological increases in MNRR1 levels can counter the inflammatory profile. Herein, we show that nitazoxanide, a clinically approved drug, is an activator of MNRR1 and abrogates preterm birth in a well-characterized murine model caused by intra-amniotic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraja Purandare
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Marcia Arenas-Hernandez
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Jose Galaz
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Yue Xi
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Andrew M Fribley
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Lawrence I Grossman
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| | - Siddhesh Aras
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
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5
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González-Arzola K, Díaz-Quintana A. Mitochondrial Factors in the Cell Nucleus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13656. [PMID: 37686461 PMCID: PMC10563088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The origin of eukaryotic organisms involved the integration of mitochondria into the ancestor cell, with a massive gene transfer from the original proteobacterium to the host nucleus. Thus, mitochondrial performance relies on a mosaic of nuclear gene products from a variety of genomes. The concerted regulation of their synthesis is necessary for metabolic housekeeping and stress response. This governance involves crosstalk between mitochondrial, cytoplasmic, and nuclear factors. While anterograde and retrograde regulation preserve mitochondrial homeostasis, the mitochondria can modulate a wide set of nuclear genes in response to an extensive variety of conditions, whose response mechanisms often merge. In this review, we summarise how mitochondrial metabolites and proteins-encoded either in the nucleus or in the organelle-target the cell nucleus and exert different actions modulating gene expression and the chromatin state, or even causing DNA fragmentation in response to common stress conditions, such as hypoxia, oxidative stress, unfolded protein stress, and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiuska González-Arzola
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa—CABIMER, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas—Universidad de Sevilla—Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41092 Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Díaz-Quintana
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas—cicCartuja, Universidad de Sevilla—C.S.I.C, 41092 Seville, Spain
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6
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Chehade H, Purandare N, Fox A, Adzibolosu N, Jayee S, Singh A, Tedja R, Gogoi R, Aras S, Grossman LI, Mor G, Alvero AB. MNRR1 is a driver of ovarian cancer progression. Transl Oncol 2023; 29:101623. [PMID: 36641875 PMCID: PMC9860385 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression requires the acquisition of mechanisms that support proliferative potential and metastatic capacity. MNRR1 (also CHCHD2, PARK22, AAG10) is a bi-organellar protein that in the mitochondria can bind to Bcl-xL to enhance its anti-apoptotic function, or to respiratory chain complex IV (COX IV) to increase mitochondrial respiration. In the nucleus, it can act as a transcription factor and promote the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, migration, and cellular stress response. Given that MNRR1 can regulate both apoptosis and mitochondrial respiration, as well as migration, we hypothesize that it can modulate metastatic spread. Using ovarian cancer models, we show heterogeneous protein expression levels of MNRR1 across samples tested and cell-dependent control of its stability and binding partners. In addition to its anti-apoptotic and bioenergetic functions, MNRR1 is both necessary and sufficient for a focal adhesion and ECM repertoire that can support spheroid formation. Its ectopic expression is sufficient to induce the adhesive glycoprotein THBS4 and the type 1 collagen, COL1A1. Conversely, its deletion leads to significant downregulation of these genes. Furthermore, loss of MNRR1 leads to delay in tumor growth, curtailed carcinomatosis, and improved survival in a syngeneic ovarian cancer mouse model. These results suggest targeting MNRR1 may improve survival in ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Chehade
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States,C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Neeraja Purandare
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Alexandra Fox
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Nicholas Adzibolosu
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Shawn Jayee
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Aryan Singh
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Roslyn Tedja
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Radhika Gogoi
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Siddhesh Aras
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Lawrence I. Grossman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Gil Mor
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Ayesha B. Alvero
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States,Corresponding author at: 275 E. Hancock St., Detroit, MI, 48201, United States.
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7
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Purandare N, Kunji Y, Xi Y, Romero R, Gomez-Lopez N, Fribley A, Grossman LI, Aras S. Lipopolysaccharide induces placental mitochondrial dysfunction in murine and human systems by reducing MNRR1 levels via a TLR4-independent pathway. iScience 2022; 25:105342. [PMID: 36339251 PMCID: PMC9633742 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a key role in placental growth and development, and mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with inflammation in pregnancy pathologies. However, the mechanisms whereby placental mitochondria sense inflammatory signals are unknown. Mitochondrial nuclear retrograde regulator 1 (MNRR1) is a bi-organellar protein responsible for mitochondrial function, including optimal induction of cellular stress-responsive signaling pathways. Here, in a lipopolysaccharide-induced model of systemic placental inflammation, we show that MNRR1 levels are reduced both in mouse placental tissues in vivo and in human trophoblastic cell lines in vitro. MNRR1 reduction is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, enhanced oxidative stress, and activation of pro-inflammatory signaling. Mechanistically, we uncover a non-conventional pathway independent of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) that results in ATM kinase-dependent threonine phosphorylation that stabilizes mitochondrial protease YME1L1, which targets MNRR1. Enhancing MNRR1 levels abrogates the bioenergetic defect and induces an anti-inflammatory phenotype. We therefore propose MNRR1 as an anti-inflammatory therapeutic in placental inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraja Purandare
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University; Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Yusef Kunji
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University; Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Yue Xi
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University; Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Andrew Fribley
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Lawrence I. Grossman
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University; Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Siddhesh Aras
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University; Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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8
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Ikeda A, Imai Y, Hattori N. Neurodegeneration-associated mitochondrial proteins, CHCHD2 and CHCHD10–what distinguishes the two? Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:996061. [PMID: 36158221 PMCID: PMC9500460 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.996061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing 2 (CHCHD2) and Coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing 10 (CHCHD10) are mitochondrial proteins that are thought to be genes which duplicated during evolution and are the causative genes for Parkinson’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal lobe dementia, respectively. CHCHD2 forms a heterodimer with CHCHD10 and a homodimer with itself, both of which work together within the mitochondria. Various pathogenic and disease-risk variants have been identified; however, how these mutations cause neurodegeneration in specific diseases remains a mystery. This review focuses on important new findings published since 2019 and discusses avenues to solve this mystery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Ikeda
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Imai
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Research for Parkinson’s Disease, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yuzuru Imai, ; Nobutaka Hattori,
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Research for Parkinson’s Disease, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Collaborative Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yuzuru Imai, ; Nobutaka Hattori,
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9
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Kee TR, Wehinger JL, Gonzalez PE, Nguyen E, McGill Percy KC, Khan SA, Chaput D, Wang X, Liu T, Kang DE, Woo JAA. Pathological characterization of a novel mouse model expressing the PD-linked CHCHD2-T61I mutation. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:3987-4005. [PMID: 35786718 PMCID: PMC9703812 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing 2 (CHCHD2) is a mitochondrial protein that plays important roles in cristae structure, oxidative phosphorylation and apoptosis. Multiple mutations in CHCHD2 have been associated with Lewy body disorders (LBDs), such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies, with the CHCHD2-T61I mutation being the most widely studied. However, at present, only CHCHD2 knockout or CHCHD2/CHCHD10 double knockout mouse models have been investigated. They do not recapitulate the pathology seen in patients with CHCHD2 mutations. We generated the first transgenic mouse model expressing the human PD-linked CHCHD2-T61I mutation driven by the mPrP promoter. We show that CHCHD2-T61I Tg mice exhibit perinuclear mitochondrial aggregates, neuroinflammation, and have impaired long-term synaptic plasticity associated with synaptic dysfunction. Dopaminergic neurodegeneration, a hallmark of PD, is also observed along with α-synuclein pathology. Significant motor dysfunction is seen with no changes in learning and memory at 1 year of age. A minor proportion of the CHCHD2-T61I Tg mice (~10%) show a severe motor phenotype consistent with human Pisa Syndrome, an atypical PD phenotype. Unbiased proteomics analysis reveals surprising increases in many insoluble proteins predominantly originating from mitochondria and perturbing multiple canonical biological pathways as assessed by ingenuity pathway analysis, including neurodegenerative disease-associated proteins such as tau, cofilin, SOD1 and DJ-1. Overall, CHCHD2-T61I Tg mice exhibit pathological and motor changes associated with LBDs, indicating that this model successfully captures phenotypes seen in human LBD patients with CHCHD2 mutations and demonstrates changes in neurodegenerative disease-associated proteins, which delineates relevant pathological pathways for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa R Kee
- Department of Pathology, CWRU School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA,Department of Molecular of Medicine, USF Health College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - Jessica L Wehinger
- Department of Molecular of Medicine, USF Health College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | | | - Eric Nguyen
- Department of Molecular of Medicine, USF Health College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | | | - Sophia A Khan
- Department of Pathology, CWRU School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Dale Chaput
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Xinming Wang
- Department of Pathology, CWRU School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Tian Liu
- Department of Pathology, CWRU School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - David E Kang
- Department of Pathology, CWRU School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA,Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jung-A A Woo
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Department of Pathology, CWRU School of Medicine, 2103 Cornell Rd, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. Tel: +1 2163680052; Fax: +1 2163680494;
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10
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Hua P, Zhao Y, Zeng Q, Li L, Ren J, Guo J, Tang B, Liu W. Genetic Analysis of Patients With Early-Onset Parkinson’s Disease in Eastern China. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:849462. [PMID: 35645773 PMCID: PMC9131032 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.849462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of early-onset Parkinson’s disease (EOPD). To date, more than 20 pathogenic genes associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have been identified. This study aims to explore the mutation spectrum of EOPD and the clinical characteristics of mutation carriers in eastern China. Methods We recruited 155 unrelated EOPD patients, including 8 familial and 147 sporadic EOPD (age at onset ≤ 50 years). Overall, 24 known PD-associated genes were detected by whole exome sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) from patient samples. The genetic and clinical characteristics of pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) loci in this cohort were analyzed. Results Overall, 14 (9.03%) patients were detected with P/LP variants distributed in seven genes. The most frequent mutation occurred in PRKN (7/155, 4.52%), followed by LRRK2 (2/155, 1.29%), SNCA, CHCHD2, TMEM230, DNAJC13 and PLA2G6 (1/155, 0.64%, respectively). Exon rearrangement mutations accounted for 57.9% (11/19) of all mutations in PRKN. Four novel variants were detected: c.14T > C (p.M5T) in SNCA, c.297C > A (p.Y99X) in CHCHD2, c.2578C > T (p.R860C) in DNAJC13 and c.4C > T (p.Q2X) in TMEM230. We found the first case of LRRK2 c.6055G > A (p.G2019S) mutation in Chinese population. The median onset age of patients with P/LP mutations in autosomal recessive genes (PRKN and PLA2G6) was about 18.0 years earlier than patients without mutation. The proportion of patients with mutations were 63.64%, 27.03% and 9.68% when patients were stratified according to the age of onset at ≤ 30, ≤ 40 and ≤ 50 years, respectively. Conclusion Early-onset Parkinson’s disease patients from eastern China present a regional specific mutation spectrum. Analysis of larger patient cohorts is required to support these findings, and mechanistic studies of the four novel missense/non-sense mutations will clarify their role in the pathogenicity of EOPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Hua
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuwen Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lanting Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingru Ren
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jifeng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Centre for Medical Genetics, Xiangya Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Centre for Medical Genetics, Xiangya Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Beisha Tang,
| | - Weiguo Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Weiguo Liu,
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11
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Xia W, Qiu J, Peng Y, Snyder MM, Gu L, Huang K, Luo N, Yue F, Kuang S. Chchd10 is dispensable for myogenesis but critical for adipose browning. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 11:14. [PMID: 35362877 PMCID: PMC8975916 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-022-00111-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Chchd10 gene encodes a coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix-domain containing protein predicted to function in the mitochondrion and nucleus. Mutations of Chchd10 are associated with ALS, dementia and myopathy in humans and animal models, but how knockout of Chchd10 (Chchd10KO) affects various tissues especially skeletal muscle and adipose tissues remains unclear. Here we show that Chchd10 expression increases as myoblasts and preadipocytes differentiate. During myogenesis, CHCHD10 interacts with TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) in regenerating myofibers in vivo and in newly differentiated myotubes ex vivo. Surprisingly, Chchd10KO mice had normal skeletal muscle development, growth and regeneration, with moderate defects in grip strength and motor performance. Chchd10KO similarly had no effects on development of brown and white adipose tissues (WAT). However, Chchd10KO mice had blunted response to acute cold and attenuated cold-induced browning of WAT, with markedly reduced UCP1 levels. Together, these results demonstrate that Chchd10 is dispensable for normal myogenesis and adipogenesis but is required for normal motility and cold-induced, mitochondrion-dependent browning of adipocytes. The data also suggest that human CHCHD10 mutations cause myopathy through a gain-of-function mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071000, China. .,Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA. .,College of Animal and Veterinary Science, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Jiamin Qiu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Madigan M Snyder
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Lijie Gu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Kuilong Huang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Nanjian Luo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Feng Yue
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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12
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Kee TR, Espinoza Gonzalez P, Wehinger JL, Bukhari MZ, Ermekbaeva A, Sista A, Kotsiviras P, Liu T, Kang DE, Woo JAA. Mitochondrial CHCHD2: Disease-Associated Mutations, Physiological Functions, and Current Animal Models. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:660843. [PMID: 33967741 PMCID: PMC8100248 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.660843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare mutations in the mitochondrial protein coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing 2 (CHCHD2) are associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) and other Lewy body disorders. CHCHD2 is a bi-organellar mediator of oxidative phosphorylation, playing crucial roles in regulating electron flow in the mitochondrial electron transport chain and acting as a nuclear transcription factor for a cytochrome c oxidase subunit (COX4I2) and itself in response to hypoxic stress. CHCHD2 also regulates cell migration and differentiation, mitochondrial cristae structure, and apoptosis. In this review, we summarize the known disease-associated mutations of CHCHD2 in Asian and Caucasian populations, the physiological functions of CHCHD2, how CHCHD2 mutations contribute to α-synuclein pathology, and current animal models of CHCHD2. Further, we discuss the necessity of continued investigation into the divergent functions of CHCHD2 and CHCHD10 to determine how mutations in these similar mitochondrial proteins contribute to different neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa R Kee
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | | | - Jessica L Wehinger
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Mohammed Zaheen Bukhari
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States.,Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Aizara Ermekbaeva
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Apoorva Sista
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Peter Kotsiviras
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Tian Liu
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States.,Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - David E Kang
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States.,Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States.,James A. Haley Veterans Administration Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Jung-A A Woo
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
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13
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Purandare N, Minchella P, Somayajulu M, Kramer KJ, Zhou J, Adekoya N, Welch RA, Grossman LI, Aras S, Recanati MA. Molecular mechanisms regulating lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1) in human pregnancy. Placenta 2021; 106:40-48. [PMID: 33618181 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lysophosphatidylcholine Acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1) is necessary for surfactant production in fetal lungs. Mechanisms responsible for its regulation during gestation remain to be elucidated. Our goal is to evaluate molecular mechanisms regulating LPCAT1 expression during gestation and after glucocorticoid administration. METHODS Placentas throughout gestation were assayed for LPCAT1 protein levels. A placental cell line, HTR-8/SVneo (HTR), was used as a model to test the effects of placental oxygen tension found during pregnancy as well as the effects of dexamethasone used therapeutically in the clinic. RESULTS LPCAT1 protein levels are maximal in late third trimester placental samples and are expressed strongly on the basal plate. LPCAT1 was maximally upregulated at 4% O2 (P < 0.01), corresponding to oxygen tension found in placenta at term. Mitochondrial nuclear retrograde regulator 1 (MNRR1), a bi-organellar (mitochondria and nucleus) regulator, transcriptionally activates LPCAT1. Antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) upregulate LPCAT1, at least in part, by an MNRR1-dependent pathway. HTR cells treated with 25 nM dexamethasone for 24 h exhibited a 2-fold increase in LPCAT1 levels compared to controls. In MNRR1 knockout cells, the response to ACS is significantly blunted. DISCUSSION LPCAT1 appears to be induced by MNRR1. Hypoxia and corticosteroids increase LPCAT1 expression through an MNRR1 dependent pathway. LPCAT1 protein levels can be measured in maternal plasma and rise throughout gestation and in response to ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraja Purandare
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Paige Minchella
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Mallika Somayajulu
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Katherine J Kramer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Vincent's Medical Centers Manhattan, New York, NY, 10011, USA
| | - Jordan Zhou
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Nellena Adekoya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Robert A Welch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Hurley Medical Center, Flint, MI, 48503, USA
| | - Lawrence I Grossman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Siddhesh Aras
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Maurice-Andre Recanati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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14
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Gladyck S, Aras S, Hüttemann M, Grossman LI. Regulation of COX Assembly and Function by Twin CX 9C Proteins-Implications for Human Disease. Cells 2021; 10:197. [PMID: 33498264 PMCID: PMC7909247 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative phosphorylation is a tightly regulated process in mammals that takes place in and across the inner mitochondrial membrane and consists of the electron transport chain and ATP synthase. Complex IV, or cytochrome c oxidase (COX), is the terminal enzyme of the electron transport chain, responsible for accepting electrons from cytochrome c, pumping protons to contribute to the gradient utilized by ATP synthase to produce ATP, and reducing oxygen to water. As such, COX is tightly regulated through numerous mechanisms including protein-protein interactions. The twin CX9C family of proteins has recently been shown to be involved in COX regulation by assisting with complex assembly, biogenesis, and activity. The twin CX9C motif allows for the import of these proteins into the intermembrane space of the mitochondria using the redox import machinery of Mia40/CHCHD4. Studies have shown that knockdown of the proteins discussed in this review results in decreased or completely deficient aerobic respiration in experimental models ranging from yeast to human cells, as the proteins are conserved across species. This article highlights and discusses the importance of COX regulation by twin CX9C proteins in the mitochondria via COX assembly and control of its activity through protein-protein interactions, which is further modulated by cell signaling pathways. Interestingly, select members of the CX9C protein family, including MNRR1 and CHCHD10, show a novel feature in that they not only localize to the mitochondria but also to the nucleus, where they mediate oxygen- and stress-induced transcriptional regulation, opening a new view of mitochondrial-nuclear crosstalk and its involvement in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Gladyck
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (S.G.); (S.A.); (M.H.)
| | - Siddhesh Aras
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (S.G.); (S.A.); (M.H.)
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (S.G.); (S.A.); (M.H.)
| | - Lawrence I. Grossman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (S.G.); (S.A.); (M.H.)
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland and Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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15
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Aras S, Purandare N, Gladyck S, Somayajulu-Nitu M, Zhang K, Wallace DC, Grossman LI. Mitochondrial Nuclear Retrograde Regulator 1 (MNRR1) rescues the cellular phenotype of MELAS by inducing homeostatic mechanisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:32056-32065. [PMID: 33257573 PMCID: PMC7749287 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2005877117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MNRR1 (CHCHD2) is a bi-organellar regulator of mitochondrial function that directly activates cytochrome c oxidase in the mitochondria and functions in the nucleus as a transcriptional activator for hundreds of genes. Since MNRR1 depletion contains features of a mitochondrial disease phenotype, we evaluated the effects of forced expression of MNRR1 on the mitochondrial disease MELAS (mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes) syndrome. MELAS is a multisystem encephalomyopathy disorder that can result from a heteroplasmic mutation in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA; m.3243A > G) at heteroplasmy levels of ∼50 to 90%. Since cybrid cell lines with 73% m.3243A > G heteroplasmy (DW7) display a significant reduction in MNRR1 levels compared to the wild type (0% heteroplasmy) (CL9), we evaluated the effects of MNRR1 levels on mitochondrial functioning. Overexpression of MNRR1 in DW7 cells induces the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), autophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis, thereby rescuing the mitochondrial phenotype. It does so primarily as a transcription activator, revealing this function to be a potential therapeutic target. The role of MNRR1 in stimulating UPRmt, which is blunted in MELAS cells, was surprising and further investigation uncovered that under conditions of stress the import of MNRR1 into the mitochondria was blocked, allowing the protein to accumulate in the nucleus to enhance its transcription function. In the mammalian system, ATF5, has been identified as a mediator of UPRmt MNRR1 knockout cells display an ∼40% reduction in the protein levels of ATF5, suggesting that MNRR1 plays an important role upstream of this known mediator of UPRmt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhesh Aras
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Neeraja Purandare
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Stephanie Gladyck
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Mallika Somayajulu-Nitu
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104;
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Lawrence I Grossman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201;
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16
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Madrid FF, Grossman LI, Aras S. Mitochondria Autoimmunity and MNRR1 in Breast Carcinogenesis: A Review. JOURNAL OF CANCER IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 2:138-158. [PMID: 33615312 PMCID: PMC7894625 DOI: 10.33696/cancerimmunol.2.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We review here the evidence for participation of mitochondrial autoimmunity in BC inception and progression and propose a new paradigm that may challenge the prevailing thinking in oncogenesis by suggesting that mitochondrial autoimmunity is a major contributor to breast carcinogenesis and probably to the inception and progression of other solid tumors. It has been shown that MNRR1 mediated mitochondrial-nuclear function promotes BC cell growth and migration and the development of metastasis and constitutes a proof of concept supporting the participation of mitochondrial autoimmunity in breast carcinogenesis. The resemblance of the autoantibody profile in BC detected by IFA with that in the rheumatic autoimmune diseases suggested that studies on the autoantibody response to tumor associated antigens and the characterization of the mtDNA- and nDNA-encoded antigens may provide functional data on breast carcinogenesis. We also review the studies supporting the view that a panel of autoreactive nDNA-encoded mitochondrial antigens in addition to MNRR1 may be involved in breast carcinogenesis. These include GAPDH, PKM2, GSTP1, SPATA5, MFF, ncRNA PINK1-AS/DDOST as probably contributing to BC progression and metastases and the evidence suggesting that DDX21 orchestrates a complex signaling network with participation of JUND and ATF3 driving chronic inflammation and breast tumorigenesis. We suggest that the widespread autoreactivity of mtDNA- and nDNA-encoded mitochondrial proteins found in BC sera may be the reflection of autoimmunity triggered by mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial tumor associated antigens involved in multiple tumorigenic pathways. Furthermore, we suggest that mitochondrial proteins may contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction in BC even if mitochondrial respiration is found to be within normal limits. However, although the studies show that mitochondrial autoimmunity is a major factor in breast cancer inception and progression, it is not the only factor since there is a multiplex autoantibody profile targeting centrosome and stem cell antigens as well as anti-idiotypic antibodies, revealing the complex signaling network involved in breast carcinogenesis. In summary, the studies reviewed here open new, unexpected therapeutic avenues for cancer prevention and treatment of patients with cancer derived from an entirely new perspective of breast carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Fernández Madrid
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
| | - Lawrence I. Grossman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
| | - Siddhesh Aras
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
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17
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Čunátová K, Reguera DP, Houštěk J, Mráček T, Pecina P. Role of cytochrome c oxidase nuclear-encoded subunits in health and disease. Physiol Res 2020; 69:947-965. [PMID: 33129245 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the terminal enzyme of mitochondrial electron transport chain, couples electron transport to oxygen with generation of proton gradient indispensable for the production of vast majority of ATP molecules in mammalian cells. The review summarizes current knowledge of COX structure and function of nuclear-encoded COX subunits, which may modulate enzyme activity according to various conditions. Moreover, some nuclear-encoded subunits posess tissue-specific and development-specific isoforms, possibly enabling fine-tuning of COX function in individual tissues. The importance of nuclear-encoded subunits is emphasized by recently discovered pathogenic mutations in patients with severe mitopathies. In addition, proteins substoichiometrically associated with COX were found to contribute to COX activity regulation and stabilization of the respiratory supercomplexes. Based on the summarized data, a model of three levels of quaternary COX structure is postulated. Individual structural levels correspond to subunits of the i) catalytic center, ii) nuclear-encoded stoichiometric subunits and iii) associated proteins, which may constitute several forms of COX with varying composition and differentially regulated function.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Čunátová
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology CAS, Prague, Czech Republic. ,
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18
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Erickson RP, Aras S, Purandare N, Hüttemann M, Liu J, Dragotto J, Fiorenza MT, Grossman LI. Decreased membrane cholesterol in liver mitochondria of the point mutation mouse model of juvenile Niemann-Pick C1, Npc1 nmf164. Mitochondrion 2019; 51:15-21. [PMID: 31862414 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
It has long been known that there is decreased mitochondrial function in several tissues of Niemann-Pick C1 model mice and cultured cells. These defects contribute to the accumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and tissue damage. It is also well established that there is increased unesterified cholesterol, stored in late endosomes/lysosomes, in many tissues in mutant humans, mouse models, and mutant cultured cells. Using a mouse model with an NPC1 point mutation that is more typical of the most common form of the disease, and highly purified liver mitochondria, we find markedly decreased mitochondrial membrane cholesterol. This is compared to previous reports of increased mitochondrial membrane cholesterol. We also find that, although in wild-type or heterozygous mitochondria cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity decreases with age as expected, surprisingly, COX activity in homozygous mutant mice improves with age. COX activity is less than half of wild-type amounts in young mutant mice but later reaches wild-type levels while total liver cholesterol is decreasing. Mutant mice also contain a decreased number of mitochondria that are morphologically abnormal. We suggest that the decreased mitochondrial membrane cholesterol is causative for the mitochondrial energy defects. In addition, we find that the mitochondrial stress regulator protein MNRR1 can stimulate NPC1 synthesis and is deficient in mutant mouse livers. Furthermore, the age curve of MNRR1 deficiency paralleled levels of total cholesterol. The role of such altered mitochondria in initiating the abnormal autophagy and neuroinflammation found in NPC1 mouse models is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Erickson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724-5073, United States.
| | - Siddhesh Aras
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Neeraja Purandare
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Jenney Liu
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Jessica Dragotto
- Division of Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychology, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Fiorenza
- Division of Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychology, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Lawrence I Grossman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
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19
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Aras S, Maroun MC, Song Y, Bandyopadhyay S, Stark A, Yang ZQ, Long MP, Grossman LI, Fernández-Madrid F. Mitochondrial autoimmunity and MNRR1 in breast carcinogenesis. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:411. [PMID: 31046734 PMCID: PMC6498478 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5575-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autoantibodies function as markers of tumorigenesis and have been proposed to enhance early detection of malignancies. We recently reported, using immunoscreening of a T7 complementary DNA (cDNA) library of breast cancer (BC) proteins with sera from patients with BC, the presence of autoantibodies targeting several mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-encoded subunits of the electron transport chain (ETC) in complexes I, IV, and V. Methods In this study, we have characterized the role of Mitochondrial-Nuclear Retrograde Regulator 1 (MNRR1, also known as CHCHD2), identified on immunoscreening, in breast carcinogenesis. We assessed the protein as well as transcript levels of MNRR1 in BC tissues and in derived cell lines representing tumors of graded aggressiveness. Mitochondrial function was also assayed and correlated with the levels of MNRR1. We studied the invasiveness of BC derived cells and the effect of MNRR1 levels on expression of genes associated with cell proliferation and migration such as Rictor and PGC-1α. Finally, we manipulated levels of MNRR1 to assess its effect on mitochondria and on some properties linked to a metastatic phenotype. Results We identified a nuclear DNA (nDNA)-encoded mitochondrial protein, MNRR1, that was significantly associated with the diagnosis of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast by autoantigen microarray analysis. In focusing on the mechanism of action of MNRR1 we found that its level was nearly twice as high in malignant versus benign breast tissue and up to 18 times as high in BC cell lines compared to MCF10A control cells, suggesting a relationship to aggressive potential. Furthermore, MNRR1 affected levels of multiple genes previously associated with cancer metastasis. Conclusions MNRR1 regulates multiple genes that function in cell migration and cancer metastasis and is higher in cell lines derived from aggressive tumors. Since MNRR1 was identified as an autoantigen in breast carcinogenesis, the present data support our proposal that both mitochondrial autoimmunity and MNRR1 activity in particular are involved in breast carcinogenesis. Virtually all other nuclear encoded genes identified on immunoscreening of invasive BC harbor an MNRR1 binding site in their promoters, thereby placing MNRR1 upstream and potentially making it a novel marker for BC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhesh Aras
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, 540 E. Canfield Ave, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Marie-Claire Maroun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Yeohan Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | | | - Azadeh Stark
- Department of Pathology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Zeng-Quan Yang
- Department of Oncology and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Michael P Long
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Lawrence I Grossman
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, 540 E. Canfield Ave, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| | - Félix Fernández-Madrid
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA. .,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA. .,Wayne State University, University Health Center, 4H, 4201 St. Antoine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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20
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Imai Y, Meng H, Shiba-Fukushima K, Hattori N. Twin CHCH Proteins, CHCHD2, and CHCHD10: Key Molecules of Parkinson's Disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and Frontotemporal Dementia. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040908. [PMID: 30791515 PMCID: PMC6412816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing 2 (CHCHD2) and 10 (CHCHD10) have been found to be linked to Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and/or frontotemporal lobe dementia (FTD). CHCHD2 and CHCHD10 proteins, which are homologous proteins with 54% identity in amino acid sequence, belong to the mitochondrial coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix (CHCH) domain protein family. A series of studies reveals that these twin proteins form a multimodal complex, producing a variety of pathophysiology by the disease-causing variants of these proteins. In this review, we summarize the present knowledge about the physiological and pathological roles of twin proteins, CHCHD2 and CHCHD10, in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzuru Imai
- Department of Research for Parkinson's Disease, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
- Department of Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuro-intractable Disease, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Hongrui Meng
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Kahori Shiba-Fukushima
- Department of Neurodegenerative and Demented Disorders, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Research for Parkinson's Disease, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
- Department of Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuro-intractable Disease, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
- Department of Neurodegenerative and Demented Disorders, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
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21
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Lehmer C, Schludi MH, Ransom L, Greiling J, Junghänel M, Exner N, Riemenschneider H, van der Zee J, Van Broeckhoven C, Weydt P, Heneka MT, Edbauer D. A novel CHCHD10 mutation implicates a Mia40-dependent mitochondrial import deficit in ALS. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 10:e8558. [PMID: 29789341 PMCID: PMC5991575 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CHCHD10 mutations are linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, but their mode of action is unclear. In a 29-year-old patient with rapid disease progression, we discovered a novel mutation (Q108P) in a conserved residue within the coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix (CHCH) domain. The aggressive clinical phenotype prompted us to probe its pathogenicity. Unlike the wild-type protein, mitochondrial import of CHCHD10 Q108P was blocked nearly completely resulting in diffuse cytoplasmic localization and reduced stability. Other CHCHD10 variants reported in patients showed impaired mitochondrial import (C122R) or clustering within mitochondria (especially G66V and E127K) often associated with reduced expression. Truncation experiments suggest mitochondrial import of CHCHD10 is mediated by the CHCH domain rather than the proposed N-terminal mitochondrial targeting signal. Knockdown of Mia40, which introduces disulfide bonds into CHCH domain proteins, blocked mitochondrial import of CHCHD10. Overexpression of Mia40 rescued mitochondrial import of CHCHD10 Q108P by enhancing disulfide-bond formation. Since reduction in CHCHD10 inhibits respiration, mutations in its CHCH domain may cause aggressive disease by impairing mitochondrial import. Our data suggest Mia40 upregulation as a potential therapeutic salvage pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Lehmer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin H Schludi
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Linnea Ransom
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Greiling
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michaela Junghänel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole Exner
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Julie van der Zee
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Patrick Weydt
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, Bonn University Hospital, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, Bonn University Hospital, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (DZNE) Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dieter Edbauer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
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22
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Purandare N, Somayajulu M, Hüttemann M, Grossman LI, Aras S. The cellular stress proteins CHCHD10 and MNRR1 (CHCHD2): Partners in mitochondrial and nuclear function and dysfunction. J Biol Chem 2018. [PMID: 29540477 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain-containing 10 (CHCHD10) and CHCHD2 (MNRR1) are homologous proteins with 58% sequence identity and belong to the twin CX9C family of proteins that mediate cellular stress responses. Despite the identification of several neurodegeneration-associated mutations in the CHCHD10 gene, few studies have assessed its physiological role. Here, we investigated CHCHD10's function as a regulator of oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria and the nucleus. We show that CHCHD10 copurifies with cytochrome c oxidase (COX) and up-regulates COX activity by serving as a scaffolding protein required for MNRR1 phosphorylation, mediated by ARG (ABL proto-oncogene 2, nonreceptor tyrosine kinase (ABL2)). The CHCHD10 gene was maximally transcribed in cultured cells at 8% oxygen, unlike MNRR1, which was maximally expressed at 4%, suggesting a fine-tuned oxygen-sensing system that adapts to the varying oxygen concentrations in the human body under physiological conditions. We show that nuclear CHCHD10 protein down-regulates the expression of genes harboring the oxygen-responsive element (ORE) in their promoters by interacting with and augmenting the activity of the largely uncharacterized transcriptional repressor CXXC finger protein 5 (CXXC5). We further show that two genetic CHCHD10 disease variants, G66V and P80L, in the mitochondria exhibit faulty interactions with MNRR1 and COX, reducing respiration and increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS), and in the nucleus abrogating transcriptional repression of ORE-containing genes. Our results reveal that CHCHD10 positively regulates mitochondrial respiration and contributes to transcriptional repression of ORE-containing genes in the nucleus, and that genetic CHCHD10 variants are impaired in these activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraja Purandare
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Mallika Somayajulu
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Lawrence I Grossman
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Siddhesh Aras
- From the Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
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23
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MNRR1, a Biorganellar Regulator of Mitochondria. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:6739236. [PMID: 28685009 PMCID: PMC5480048 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6739236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The central role of energy metabolism in cellular activities is becoming widely recognized. However, there are many gaps in our knowledge of the mechanisms by which mitochondria evaluate their status and call upon the nucleus to make adjustments. Recently, a protein family consisting of twin CX9C proteins has been shown to play a role in human pathophysiology. We focus here on two family members, the isoforms CHCHD2 (renamed MNRR1) and CHCHD10. The better studied isoform, MNRR1, has the unusual property of functioning in both the mitochondria and the nucleus and of having a different function in each. In the mitochondria, it functions by binding to cytochrome c oxidase (COX), which stimulates respiration. Its binding to COX is promoted by tyrosine-99 phosphorylation, carried out by ABL2 kinase (ARG). In the nucleus, MNRR1 binds to a novel promoter element in COX4I2 and itself, increasing transcription at 4% oxygen. We discuss mutations in both MNRR1 and CHCHD10 found in a number of chronic, mostly neurodegenerative, diseases. Finally, we propose a model of a graded response to hypoxic and oxidative stresses, mediated under different oxygen tensions by CHCHD10, MNRR1, and HIF1, which operate at intermediate and very low oxygen concentrations, respectively.
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