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Rippe C, Morén B, Liu L, Stenkula KG, Mustaniemi J, Wennström M, Swärd K. NG2/CSPG4, CD146/MCAM and VAP1/AOC3 are regulated by myocardin-related transcription factors in smooth muscle cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5955. [PMID: 33727640 PMCID: PMC7966398 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85335-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work addressed the hypothesis that NG2/CSPG4, CD146/MCAM, and VAP1/AOC3 are target genes of myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTFs: myocardin/MYOCD, MRTF-A/MKL1, MRTF-B/MKL2) and serum response factor (SRF). Using a bioinformatics approach, we found that CSPG4, MCAM, and AOC3 correlate with MYOCD, MRTF-A/MKL1, and SRF across human tissues. No other transcription factor correlated as strongly with these transcripts as SRF. Overexpression of MRTFs increased both mRNA and protein levels of CSPG4, MCAM, and AOC3 in cultured human smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Imaging confirmed increased staining for CSPG4, MCAM, and AOC3 in MRTF-A/MKL1-transduced cells. MRTFs exert their effects through SRF, and the MCAM and AOC3 gene loci contained binding sites for SRF. SRF silencing reduced the transcript levels of these genes, and time-courses of induction paralleled the direct target ACTA2. MRTF-A/MKL1 increased the activity of promoter reporters for MCAM and AOC3, and transcriptional activation further depended on the chromatin remodeling enzyme KDM3A. CSPG4, MCAM, and AOC3 responded to the MRTF-SRF inhibitor CCG-1423, to actin dynamics, and to ternary complex factors. Coincidental detection of these proteins should reflect MRTF-SRF activity, and beyond SMCs, we observed co-expression of CD146/MCAM, NG2/CSPG4, and VAP1/AOC3 in pericytes and endothelial cells in the human brain. This work identifies highly responsive vascular target genes of MRTF-SRF signaling that are regulated via a mechanism involving KDM3A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Rippe
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC D12, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn Morén
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC D12, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC D12, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Urology, Qingyuan People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, China
| | - Karin G Stenkula
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC D12, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Mustaniemi
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC D12, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Malin Wennström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karl Swärd
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC D12, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden.
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2
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MICAL2 is essential for myogenic lineage commitment. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:654. [PMID: 32811811 PMCID: PMC7434877 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02886-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Contractile myofiber units are mainly composed of thick myosin and thin actin (F-actin) filaments. F-Actin interacts with Microtubule Associated Monooxygenase, Calponin And LIM Domain Containing 2 (MICAL2). Indeed, MICAL2 modifies actin subunits and promotes actin filament turnover by severing them and preventing repolymerization. In this study, we found that MICAL2 increases during myogenic differentiation of adult and pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) towards skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle cells and localizes in the nucleus of acute and chronic regenerating muscle fibers. In vivo delivery of Cas9–Mical2 guide RNA complexes results in muscle actin defects and demonstrates that MICAL2 is essential for skeletal muscle homeostasis and functionality. Conversely, MICAL2 upregulation shows a positive impact on skeletal and cardiac muscle commitments. Taken together these data demonstrate that modulations of MICAL2 have an impact on muscle filament dynamics and its fine-tuned balance is essential for the regeneration of muscle tissues.
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3
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Uray K, Major E, Lontay B. MicroRNA Regulatory Pathways in the Control of the Actin-Myosin Cytoskeleton. Cells 2020; 9:E1649. [PMID: 32660059 PMCID: PMC7408560 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key modulators of post-transcriptional gene regulation in a plethora of processes, including actin-myosin cytoskeleton dynamics. Recent evidence points to the widespread effects of miRNAs on actin-myosin cytoskeleton dynamics, either directly on the expression of actin and myosin genes or indirectly on the diverse signaling cascades modulating cytoskeletal arrangement. Furthermore, studies from various human models indicate that miRNAs contribute to the development of various human disorders. The potentially huge impact of miRNA-based mechanisms on cytoskeletal elements is just starting to be recognized. In this review, we summarize recent knowledge about the importance of microRNA modulation of the actin-myosin cytoskeleton affecting physiological processes, including cardiovascular function, hematopoiesis, podocyte physiology, and osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Uray
- Correspondence: (K.U.); (B.L.); Tel.: +36-52-412345 (K.U. & B.L.)
| | | | - Beata Lontay
- Correspondence: (K.U.); (B.L.); Tel.: +36-52-412345 (K.U. & B.L.)
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4
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Swärd K, Krawczyk KK, Morén B, Zhu B, Matic L, Holmberg J, Hedin U, Uvelius B, Stenkula K, Rippe C. Identification of the intermediate filament protein synemin/SYNM as a target of myocardin family coactivators. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C1128-C1142. [PMID: 31461342 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00047.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Myocardin (MYOCD) is a critical regulator of smooth muscle cell (SMC) differentiation, but its transcriptional targets remain to be exhaustively characterized, especially at the protein level. Here we leveraged human RNA and protein expression data to identify novel potential MYOCD targets. Using correlation analyses we found several targets that we could confirm at the protein level, including SORBS1, SLMAP, SYNM, and MCAM. We focused on SYNM, which encodes the intermediate filament protein synemin. SYNM rivalled smooth muscle myosin (MYH11) for SMC specificity and was controlled at the mRNA and protein levels by all myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTFs: MYOCD, MRTF-A/MKL1, and MRTF-B/MKL2). MRTF activity is regulated by the ratio of filamentous to globular actin, and SYNM was accordingly reduced by interventions that depolymerize actin, such as latrunculin treatment and overexpression of constitutively active cofilin. Many MRTF target genes depend on serum response factor (SRF), but SYNM lacked SRF-binding motifs in its proximal promoter, which was not directly regulated by MYOCD. Furthermore, SYNM resisted SRF silencing, yet the time course of induction closely paralleled that of the SRF-dependent target gene ACTA2. SYNM was repressed by the ternary complex factor (TCF) FLI1 and was increased in mouse embryonic fibroblasts lacking three classical TCFs (ELK1, ELK3, and ELK4). Imaging showed colocalization of SYNM with the intermediate filament proteins desmin and vimentin, and MRTF-A/MKL1 increased SYNM-containing intermediate filaments in SMCs. These studies identify SYNM as a novel SRF-independent target of myocardin that is abundantly expressed in all SMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Swärd
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Björn Morén
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund, Sweden
| | - Baoyi Zhu
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Urology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Qingyuan People's Hospital), Guangdong, China
| | - Ljubica Matic
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Holmberg
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf Hedin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Uvelius
- Department of Clinical Science, Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Stenkula
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund, Sweden
| | - Catarina Rippe
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund, Sweden
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5
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Pulignani S, Borghini A, Andreassi MG. microRNAs in bicuspid aortic valve associated aortopathy: Recent advances and future perspectives. J Cardiol 2019; 74:297-303. [PMID: 31230901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The risk of acute aortic events in patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) constitutes a medical concern in terms of timing and surgical decision. During the past years, there has been a growing interest in the potential of microRNAs (miRNAs) as crucial epigenetic factors in multiple cellular processes associated with BAV aortopathy. Nevertheless, there are still challenges that need to be overcome before miRNAs could enter clinical practice, and further validation studies in larger and well-defined BAV cohorts are now required. This review aims at providing a comprehensive overview of the available data on the expression profiles and function of specific miRNAs in BAV aortopathy, evaluating miRNA signatures as potential molecular markers of disease. We also discuss the role of other novel classes of non-coding RNAs, including long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs, in BAV-associated aortopathy, mainly regarding their possible implementation as diagnostic and prognostic markers.
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6
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Hung J, Miscianinov V, Sluimer JC, Newby DE, Baker AH. Targeting Non-coding RNA in Vascular Biology and Disease. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1655. [PMID: 30524312 PMCID: PMC6262071 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Only recently have we begun to appreciate the importance and complexity of the non-coding genome, owing in some part to truly significant advances in genomic technology such as RNA sequencing and genome-wide profiling studies. Previously thought to be non-functional transcriptional “noise,” non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are now known to play important roles in many diverse biological pathways, not least in vascular disease. While microRNAs (miRNA) are known to regulate protein-coding gene expression principally through mRNA degradation, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can activate and repress genes by a variety of mechanisms at both transcriptional and translational levels. These versatile molecules, with complex secondary structures, may interact with chromatin, proteins, and other RNA to form complexes with an array of functional consequences. A body of emerging evidence indicates that both classes of ncRNAs regulate multiple physiological and pathological processes in vascular physiology and disease. While dozens of miRNAs are now implicated and described in relative mechanistic depth, relatively fewer lncRNAs are well described. However, notable examples include ANRIL, SMILR, and SENCR in vascular smooth muscle cells; MALAT1 and GATA-6S in endothelial cells; and mitochondrial lncRNA LIPCAR as a powerful biomarker. Due to such ubiquitous involvement in pathology and well-known biogenesis and functional genetics, novel miRNA-based therapies and delivery methods are now in development, including some early stage clinical trials. Although lncRNAs may hold similar potential, much more needs to be understood about their relatively complex molecular behaviours before realistic translation into novel therapies. Here, we review the current understanding of the mechanism and function of ncRNA, focusing on miRNAs and lncRNAs in vascular disease and atherosclerosis. We discuss existing therapies and current delivery methods, emphasising the importance of miRNAs and lncRNAs as effectors and biomarkers in vascular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hung
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Deanery of Clinical Sciences, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Vladislav Miscianinov
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - David E Newby
- Deanery of Clinical Sciences, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew H Baker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Portelli SS, Robertson EN, Malecki C, Liddy KA, Hambly BD, Jeremy RW. Epigenetic influences on genetically triggered thoracic aortic aneurysm. Biophys Rev 2018; 10:1241-1256. [PMID: 30267337 PMCID: PMC6233334 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-018-0460-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically triggered thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) account for 30% of all TAAs and can result in early morbidity and mortality in affected individuals. Epigenetic factors are now recognised to influence the phenotype of many genetically triggered conditions and have become an area of interest because of the potential for therapeutic manipulation. Major epigenetic modulators include DNA methylation, histone modification and non-coding RNA. This review examines epigenetic modulators that have been significantly associated with genetically triggered TAAs and their potential utility for translation to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie S Portelli
- Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Elizabeth N Robertson
- Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Cardiology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cassandra Malecki
- Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Kiersten A Liddy
- Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Brett D Hambly
- Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Richmond W Jeremy
- Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Cardiology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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8
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Wang Y, Li J, Xuan L, Liu Y, Shao L, Ge H, Gu J, Wei C, Zhao M. Astragalus Root dry extract restores connexin43 expression by targeting miR-1 in viral myocarditis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 46:32-38. [PMID: 30097120 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral myocarditis is defined as viral infection of myocardial tissue leading to impaired heart function and heart failure. Accumulating evidences have shown that arrhythmia is one of important complicating diseases of viral myocarditis causing increased mortality and morbidity. There are no effective treatment for the viral infection and complicating arrhythmia. PURPOSE This study investigated the effect and mechanism of Astragalus Root dry extract (ARDE) on arrhythmia induced by CVB3 in mice. METHODS The mice and HL-1 cells were treated with CVB3 and ARDE. Reciprocal regulation of Cx43 and miR-1 were observed in the CVB3 infected mouse myocardium and culture HL-1 cells. RESULTS CVB3 IP injection increased immune cell infiltration in mouse left ventricle and caused irregular arrhythmia. ARDE treatment prevented the increase of immune cell infiltration and arrhythmia. Overexpression of miR-1 significantly inhibited both endogenous Cx43 expression and Cx43 3'UTR luciferase activity in HL-1 cells. Mutation of census binding site of +1586-1593 bp not +465-472 bp in Cx43 3'UTR luciferase resulted in abolishment of miR-1 inhibitory effects in HL-1 cells. Loss-of- function of miR-1 restored CVB3-induced Cx43 expression reduction in cultured HL-1 cells. The presence of ARDE attenuated the augmented miR-1 induced by CVB3 infection in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION This study identified that CVB3 infection reduced Cx43 expression by elevating miR-1 level in mouse viral myocarditis. For the first time, ARDE was shown to prevent arrhythmia, and rescue CVB3-induced endogenous Cx43 expression by regulating miR-1 level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Jian Li
- Intensive Care Unit, No.2 Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, ChangChun, Jilin Province, PR China - the emergency and critical care department of the second hospital of Jilin University, Chuangchun, Jilin province, China
| | - Liying Xuan
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Liqun Shao
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China; First Clinical Medical of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Hongyan Ge
- First Clinical Medical of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Junyi Gu
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China; First Clinical Medical of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Chengxi Wei
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China.
| | - Ming Zhao
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China; First Clinical Medical of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China; Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China.
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9
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Spin JM, Li DY, Maegdefessel L, Tsao PS. Non-coding RNAs in aneurysmal aortopathy. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 114:110-121. [PMID: 29909014 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aortic aneurysms represent a major public health burden, and currently have no medical treatment options. The pathophysiology behind these aneurysms is complex and variable, depending on location and underlying cause, and generally involves progressive dysfunction of all elements of the aortic wall. Changes in smooth muscle behavior, endothelial signaling, extracellular matrix remodeling, and to a variable extent inflammatory signaling and cells, all contribute to the dilation of the aorta, ultimately resulting in high mortality and morbidity events including dissection and rupture. A large number of researchers have identified non-coding RNAs as crucial regulators of aortic aneurysm development, both in humans and in animal models. While most work to-date has focused on microRNAs, intriguing information has also begun to emerge regarding the role of long-non-coding RNAs. This review summarizes the currently available data regarding the involvement of non-coding RNAs in aneurysmal aortopathies. Going forward, these represent key potential therapeutic targets that might be leveraged in the future to slow or prevent aortic aneurysm formation, progression and rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Spin
- Cardiovascular Medicine and Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Y Li
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Vascular Biology Unit, Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philip S Tsao
- Cardiovascular Medicine and Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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10
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Hien TT, Garcia‐Vaz E, Stenkula KG, Sjögren J, Nilsson J, Gomez MF, Albinsson S. MicroRNA‐dependent regulation of KLF4 by glucose in vascular smooth muscle. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:7195-7205. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tran T. Hien
- Department of Experimental Medical ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Eliana Garcia‐Vaz
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University Diabetes CentreLund UniversitySweden
| | | | - Johan Sjögren
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgerySkåne University Hospital and Lund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Johan Nilsson
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgerySkåne University Hospital and Lund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Maria F. Gomez
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University Diabetes CentreLund UniversitySweden
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11
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Holmberg J, Bhattachariya A, Alajbegovic A, Rippe C, Ekman M, Dahan D, Hien TT, Boettger T, Braun T, Swärd K, Hellstrand P, Albinsson S. Loss of Vascular Myogenic Tone in miR-143/145 Knockout Mice Is Associated With Hypertension-Induced Vascular Lesions in Small Mesenteric Arteries. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:414-424. [PMID: 29217510 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.310499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pressure-induced myogenic tone is involved in autoregulation of local blood flow and confers protection against excessive pressure levels in small arteries and capillaries. Myogenic tone is dependent on smooth muscle microRNAs (miRNAs), but the identity of these miRNAs is unclear. Furthermore, the consequences of altered myogenic tone for hypertension-induced damage to small arteries are not well understood. APPROACH AND RESULTS The importance of smooth muscle-enriched microRNAs, miR-143/145, for myogenic tone was evaluated in miR-143/145 knockout mice. Furthermore, hypertension-induced vascular injury was evaluated in mesenteric arteries in vivo after angiotensin II infusion. Myogenic tone was abolished in miR-143/145 knockout mesenteric arteries, whereas contraction in response to calyculin A and potassium chloride was reduced by ≈30%. Furthermore, myogenic responsiveness was potentiated by angiotensin II in wild-type but not in knockout mice. Angiotensin II administration in vivo elevated systemic blood pressure in both genotypes. Hypertensive knockout mice developed severe vascular lesions characterized by vascular inflammation, adventitial fibrosis, and neointimal hyperplasia in small mesenteric arteries. This was associated with depolymerization of actin filaments and fragmentation of the elastic laminae at the sites of vascular lesions. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that miR-143/145 expression is essential for myogenic responsiveness. During hypertension, loss of myogenic tone results in potentially damaging levels of mechanical stress and detrimental effects on small arteries. The results presented herein provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of vascular disease and emphasize the importance of controlling mechanical factors to maintain structural integrity of the vascular wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Holmberg
- From the Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden (J.H., A.B., A.A., C.R., M.E., D.D., T.T.H., K.S., P.H., S.A.); and Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (T. Boettger, T. Braun)
| | - Anirban Bhattachariya
- From the Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden (J.H., A.B., A.A., C.R., M.E., D.D., T.T.H., K.S., P.H., S.A.); and Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (T. Boettger, T. Braun)
| | - Azra Alajbegovic
- From the Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden (J.H., A.B., A.A., C.R., M.E., D.D., T.T.H., K.S., P.H., S.A.); and Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (T. Boettger, T. Braun)
| | - Catarina Rippe
- From the Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden (J.H., A.B., A.A., C.R., M.E., D.D., T.T.H., K.S., P.H., S.A.); and Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (T. Boettger, T. Braun)
| | - Mari Ekman
- From the Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden (J.H., A.B., A.A., C.R., M.E., D.D., T.T.H., K.S., P.H., S.A.); and Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (T. Boettger, T. Braun)
| | - Diana Dahan
- From the Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden (J.H., A.B., A.A., C.R., M.E., D.D., T.T.H., K.S., P.H., S.A.); and Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (T. Boettger, T. Braun)
| | - Tran Thi Hien
- From the Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden (J.H., A.B., A.A., C.R., M.E., D.D., T.T.H., K.S., P.H., S.A.); and Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (T. Boettger, T. Braun)
| | - Thomas Boettger
- From the Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden (J.H., A.B., A.A., C.R., M.E., D.D., T.T.H., K.S., P.H., S.A.); and Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (T. Boettger, T. Braun)
| | - Thomas Braun
- From the Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden (J.H., A.B., A.A., C.R., M.E., D.D., T.T.H., K.S., P.H., S.A.); and Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (T. Boettger, T. Braun)
| | - Karl Swärd
- From the Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden (J.H., A.B., A.A., C.R., M.E., D.D., T.T.H., K.S., P.H., S.A.); and Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (T. Boettger, T. Braun)
| | - Per Hellstrand
- From the Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden (J.H., A.B., A.A., C.R., M.E., D.D., T.T.H., K.S., P.H., S.A.); and Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (T. Boettger, T. Braun)
| | - Sebastian Albinsson
- From the Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden (J.H., A.B., A.A., C.R., M.E., D.D., T.T.H., K.S., P.H., S.A.); and Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (T. Boettger, T. Braun).
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Alajbegovic A, Holmberg J, Albinsson S. Molecular Regulation of Arterial Aneurysms: Role of Actin Dynamics and microRNAs in Vascular Smooth Muscle. Front Physiol 2017; 8:569. [PMID: 28848449 PMCID: PMC5554360 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortic aneurysms are defined as an irreversible increase in arterial diameter by more than 50% relative to the normal vessel diameter. The incidence of aneurysm rupture is about 10 in 100,000 persons per year and ruptured arterial aneurysms inevitably results in serious complications, which are fatal in about 40% of cases. There is also a hereditary component of the disease and dilation of the ascending thoracic aorta is often associated with congenital heart disease such as bicuspid aortic valves (BAV). Furthermore, specific mutations that have been linked to aneurysm affect polymerization of actin filaments. Polymerization of actin is important to maintain a contractile phenotype of smooth muscle cells enabling these cells to resist mechanical stress on the vascular wall caused by the blood pressure according to the law of Laplace. Interestingly, polymerization of actin also promotes smooth muscle specific gene expression via the transcriptional co-activator MRTF, which is translocated to the nucleus when released from monomeric actin. In addition to genes encoding for proteins involved in the contractile machinery, recent studies have revealed that several non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) are regulated by this mechanism. The importance of these miRNAs for aneurysm development is only beginning to be understood. This review will summarize our current understanding about the influence of smooth muscle miRNAs and actin polymerization for the development of arterial aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azra Alajbegovic
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund UniversityLund, Sweden
| | - Johan Holmberg
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund UniversityLund, Sweden
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