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Selbst MA, Laughlin MK, Ward CR, Michelena H, Sabate-Rotes A, Bianco L, De Backer J, Mosquera LM, Yetman AT, Bissell MM, Andreassi MG, Foffa I, Hui DS, Caffarelli A, Kim YY, Guo D, Citro R, De Marco M, Tretter JT, Morris SA, McBride KL, Body SC, Prakash SK. Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease With Early Onset Complications: Characteristics And Aortic Outcomes. medRxiv 2024:2024.03.11.24304079. [PMID: 38559132 PMCID: PMC10980111 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.11.24304079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital heart malformation in adults but can also cause childhood-onset complications. In multicenter study, we found that adults who experience significant complications of BAV disease before age 30 are distinguished from the majority of BAV cases that manifest after age 50 by a relatively severe clinical course, with higher rates of surgical interventions, more frequent second interventions, and a greater burden of congenital heart malformations. These observations highlight the need for prompt recognition, regular lifelong surveillance, and targeted interventions to address the significant health burdens of patients with early onset BAV complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian A. Selbst
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Megan K. Laughlin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Colin R. Ward
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Hector Michelena
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Anna Sabate-Rotes
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autònoma Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lisa Bianco
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autònoma Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julie De Backer
- Centre for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Anji T. Yetman
- Children’s Hospital and Medical Center, University of Nebraska, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Malenka M Bissell
- Department of Biomedical Imaging Science, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ilenia Foffa
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Richerche (CNR), Instituto di Fisiologia Clinica, Pisa, Italy
| | - Dawn S. Hui
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, Texas
| | - Anthony Caffarelli
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Yuli Y. Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dongchuan Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Rodolfo Citro
- Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Department, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona,” Salerno, Italy
| | - Margot De Marco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Schola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Justin T. Tretter
- Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Shaine A. Morris
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Kim L. McBride
- Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Siddharth K. Prakash
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
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Borghini A, Labate L, Piccinini S, Panaino CMV, Andreassi MG, Gizzi LA. FLASH Radiotherapy: Expectations, Challenges, and Current Knowledge. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2546. [PMID: 38473799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Major strides have been made in the development of FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH RT) in the last ten years, but there are still many obstacles to overcome for transfer to the clinic to become a reality. Although preclinical and first-in-human clinical evidence suggests that ultra-high dose rates (UHDRs) induce a sparing effect in normal tissue without modifying the therapeutic effect on the tumor, successful clinical translation of FLASH-RT depends on a better understanding of the biological mechanisms underpinning the sparing effect. Suitable in vitro studies are required to fully understand the radiobiological mechanisms associated with UHDRs. From a technical point of view, it is also crucial to develop optimal technologies in terms of beam irradiation parameters for producing FLASH conditions. This review provides an overview of the research progress of FLASH RT and discusses the potential challenges to be faced before its clinical application. We critically summarize the preclinical evidence and in vitro studies on DNA damage following UHDR irradiation. We also highlight the ongoing developments of technologies for delivering FLASH-compliant beams, with a focus on laser-driven plasma accelerators suitable for performing basic radiobiological research on the UHDR effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Labate
- Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory (ILIL), CNR Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Piccinini
- Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory (ILIL), CNR Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Leonida Antonio Gizzi
- Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory (ILIL), CNR Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Borghini A, Ndreu R, Canale P, Campolo J, Marinaro I, Mercuri A, Turchi S, Andreassi MG. Telomere Length, Mitochondrial DNA, and Micronucleus Yield in Response to Oxidative Stress in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1428. [PMID: 38338706 PMCID: PMC10855977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Telomere shortening, chromosomal damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction are major initiators of cell aging and biomarkers of many diseases. However, the underlying correlations between nuclear and mitochondrial DNA alterations remain unclear. We investigated the relationship between telomere length (TL) and micronucleus (MN) and their association with mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in response to 100 μM and 200 μM of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at 44, 72, and 96 h. Significant TL shortening was observed after both doses of H2O2 and at all times (all p < 0.05). A concomitant increase in MN was found at 72 h (p < 0.01) and persisted at 96 h (p < 0.01). An increase in mtDNAcn (p = 0.04) at 200 µM of H2O2 was also found. In PBMCs treated with 200 µM H2O2, a significant inverse correlation was found between TL and MN (r = -0.76, p = 0.03), and mtDNA content was directly correlated with TL (r = 0.6, p = 0.04) and inversely related to MN (r = -0.78, p = 0.02). Telomere shortening is the main triggering mechanism of chromosomal damage in stimulated T lymphocytes under oxidative stress. The significant correlations between nuclear DNA damage and mtDNAcn support the notion of a telomere-mitochondria axis that might influence age-associated pathologies and be a target for the development of relevant anti-aging drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Borghini
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (R.N.); (P.C.); (I.M.); (A.M.); (S.T.); (M.G.A.)
| | - Rudina Ndreu
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (R.N.); (P.C.); (I.M.); (A.M.); (S.T.); (M.G.A.)
| | - Paola Canale
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (R.N.); (P.C.); (I.M.); (A.M.); (S.T.); (M.G.A.)
- Health Science Interdisciplinary Center, Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Jonica Campolo
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20142 Milan, Italy;
| | - Irene Marinaro
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (R.N.); (P.C.); (I.M.); (A.M.); (S.T.); (M.G.A.)
| | - Antonella Mercuri
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (R.N.); (P.C.); (I.M.); (A.M.); (S.T.); (M.G.A.)
| | - Stefano Turchi
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (R.N.); (P.C.); (I.M.); (A.M.); (S.T.); (M.G.A.)
| | - Maria Grazia Andreassi
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (R.N.); (P.C.); (I.M.); (A.M.); (S.T.); (M.G.A.)
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Canale P, Campolo J, Borghini A, Andreassi MG. Long Telomeric Repeat-Containing RNA (TERRA): Biological Functions and Challenges in Vascular Aging and Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3211. [PMID: 38137431 PMCID: PMC10740775 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomere dysfunction is implicated in vascular aging and shorter leucocyte telomeres are associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. Another pathophysiological mechanism that explains the causal relationship between telomere shortening and atherosclerosis development focuses on the clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), which represents a new and independent risk factor in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Since telomere attrition has a central role in driving vascular senescence, understanding telomere biology is essential to modulate the deleterious consequences of vascular aging and its cardiovascular disease-related manifestations. Emerging evidence indicates that a class of long noncoding RNAs transcribed at telomeres, known as TERRA for "TElomeric Repeat-containing RNA", actively participates in the mechanisms regulating telomere maintenance and chromosome end protection. However, the multiple biological functions of TERRA remain to be largely elucidated. In particular, the role of TERRA in vascular biology is surprisingly unknown. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of TERRA and its roles in telomere biology. Additionally, we outline the pieces of evidence that exist regarding the relationship between TERRA dysregulation and disease. Finally, we speculate on how a comprehensive understanding of TERRA transcription in the cardiovascular system may provide valuable insights into telomere-associated vascular aging, offering great potential for new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Canale
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (P.C.); (A.B.)
- Health Science Interdisciplinary Center, Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Jonica Campolo
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20142 Milano, Italy;
| | - Andrea Borghini
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (P.C.); (A.B.)
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Lucà F, Andreassi MG, Gulizia MM, Borghini A, Colombo PE, Benedetto FA, Bernelli C, Bisceglia I, Bisignani G, Caldarola P, Canale ML, Caporale R, Caretta G, Ceravolo R, Ciconte VA, Corda M, Cornara S, De Bonis S, De Luca L, Di Fusco SA, Di Matteo I, Di Nora C, Favilli S, Gelsomino S, Geraci G, Giubilato S, Matteucci A, Nardi F, Navazio A, Parrini I, Pilleri A, Pozzi A, Rao CM, Riccio C, Rossini R, Turazza FM, Grimaldi M, Gabrielli D, Picano E, Colivicchi F, Oliva F. [ANMCO Position paper: Ionizing radiation exposure and radioprotection in the cath-lab]. G Ital Cardiol (Rome) 2023; 24:915-932. [PMID: 37901982 DOI: 10.1714/4129.41234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, because of the improvements in the percutaneous treatment of coronary heart disease, valvular heart disease, congenital heart defects, and the increasing number of cardiac resynchronization therapy and cardioverter-defibrillator implantations, the interventional cardiologists' radio-exposure has importantly risen, causing concerns for ionizing radiation-associated diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Consequently, the radiation exposure issue importantly affects operators' safety. However, our knowledge of this field is poor and most operators are unaware to be at risk, especially because of the absence of effective preventive measures. The aim of this ANMCO position paper is to improve the awareness of operators and identify new ways of reducing operator ionizing radiation dose and minimizing the risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Lucà
- Divisione di Cardiologia, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli, Reggio Calabria
| | | | - Michele Massimo Gulizia
- U.O.C. Cardiologia, Ospedale Garibaldi-Nesima, Azienda di Rilievo Nazionale e Alta Specializzazione "Garibaldi", Catania
| | | | - Paola Enrica Colombo
- Fisica Sanitaria, Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare "A. De Gasperis", ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano
| | | | - Chiara Bernelli
- Unità Complessa di Cardiologia, Ospedale Santa Corona, Pietra Ligure (SV)
| | - Irma Bisceglia
- Servizi Cardiologici Integrati, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, Roma
| | - Giovanni Bisignani
- U.O.C. Cardiologia-UTIC-Emodinamica, Ospedale Castrovillari, ASP Cosenza
| | | | | | - Roberto Caporale
- U.O.C. Cardiologia Interventistica, Ospedale Annunziata, Cosenza
| | - Giorgio Caretta
- S.C. Cardiologia, Ospedale Sant'Andrea, La Spezia, ASL5 Liguria
| | - Roberto Ceravolo
- U.O. Cardiologia e UTIC, Ospedale Giovanni Paolo II, Lamezia Terme (CZ)
| | | | - Marco Corda
- Cardiologia con UTIC, Azienda di Rilievo Nazionale e Alta Specializzazione "G. Brotzu", Cagliari
| | - Stefano Cornara
- S.C. Cardiologia Levante, P.O. Levante - Ospedale San Paolo, Savona
| | - Silvana De Bonis
- U.O. Cardiologia e UTIC, Ospedale Civile N. Giannettasio, Rossano (CS)
| | - Leonardo De Luca
- U.O.C. Cardiologia, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, Roma
| | - Stefania Angela Di Fusco
- U.O.C. Cardiologia Clinica e Riabilitativa, Presidio Ospedaliero San Filippo Neri - ASL Roma 1, Roma
| | - Irene Di Matteo
- Cardiologia 1-Emodinamica, Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare "A. De Gasperis", ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano
| | - Concetta Di Nora
- S.O.C. Cardiochirurgia, A.O.U. Santa Maria della Misericordia, Udine
| | - Silvia Favilli
- S.O.C. Cardiologia Pediatrica e della Transizione, IRCSS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Meyer, Firenze
| | - Sandro Gelsomino
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht - CARIM, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Olanda
| | - Giovanna Geraci
- U.O. Cardiologia, P.O. Sant'Antonio Abate, ASP Trapani, Erice (TP)
| | - Simona Giubilato
- U.O.C. Cardiologia con UTIC ed Emodinamica, Azienda Ospedaliera Cannizzaro, Catania
| | - Andrea Matteucci
- U.O.C. Cardiologia Clinica e Riabilitativa, Presidio Ospedaliero San Filippo Neri - ASL Roma 1, Roma
| | - Federico Nardi
- Dipartimento di Cardiologia, Ospedale Santo Spirito, Casale Monferrato (AL)
| | - Alessandro Navazio
- S.O.C. Cardiologia Ospedaliera, Presidio Ospedaliero Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Azienda USL di Reggio Emilia - IRCCS, Reggio Emilia
| | | | - Annarita Pilleri
- S.S.D. Consulenza e Valutazione Cardiologica, Azienda di Rilievo Nazionale e Alta Specializzazione "G. Brotzu", Cagliari
| | - Andrea Pozzi
- U.O.C. Cardiologia 1, Dipartimento Cardiovascolare, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo
| | - Carmelo Massimiliano Rao
- Divisione di Cardiologia, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli, Reggio Calabria
| | - Carmine Riccio
- U.O.S.D. Follow-up del Paziente Post-Acuto, Dipartimento Cardio-Vascolare, AORN Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano, Caserta
| | - Roberta Rossini
- S.C. Cardiologia, Azienda Ospedaliera S. Croce e Carle, Cuneo
| | | | - Massimo Grimaldi
- U.O.C. Cardiologia-UTIC, Ospedale Miulli, Acquaviva delle Fonti (BA)
| | - Domenico Gabrielli
- U.O.C. Cardiologia, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, Roma - Fondazione per il Tuo cuore - Heart Care Foundation, Firenze
| | | | - Furio Colivicchi
- U.O.C. Cardiologia Clinica e Riabilitativa, Presidio Ospedaliero San Filippo Neri - ASL Roma 1, Roma
| | - Fabrizio Oliva
- Cardiologia 1-Emodinamica, Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare "A. De Gasperis", ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano
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Carlisle SG, Albasha H, Michelena H, Sabate-Rotes A, Bianco L, De Backer J, Mosquera LM, Yetman AT, Bissell MM, Andreassi MG, Foffa I, Hui DS, Caffarelli A, Kim YY, Guo DC, Citro R, De Marco M, Tretter JT, McBride KL, Milewicz DM, Body SC, Prakash SK. Rare Genomic Copy Number Variants Implicate New Candidate Genes for Bicuspid Aortic Valve. medRxiv 2023:2023.10.23.23297397. [PMID: 37961530 PMCID: PMC10635161 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.23.23297397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), the most common congenital heart defect, is a major cause of aortic valve disease requiring valve interventions and thoracic aortic aneurysms predisposing to acute aortic dissections. The spectrum of BAV ranges from early onset valve and aortic complications (EBAV) to sporadic late onset disease. Rare genomic copy number variants (CNVs) have previously been implicated in the development of BAV and thoracic aortic aneurysms. We determined the frequency and gene content of rare CNVs in EBAV probands (n = 272) using genome-wide SNP microarray analysis and three complementary CNV detection algorithms (cnvPartition, PennCNV, and QuantiSNP). Unselected control genotypes from the Database of Genotypes and Phenotypes were analyzed using identical methods. We filtered the data to select large genic CNVs that were detected by multiple algorithms. Findings were replicated in cohorts with late onset sporadic disease (n = 5040). We identified 34 large and rare (< 1:1000 in controls) CNVs in EBAV probands. The burden of CNVs intersecting with genes known to cause BAV when mutated was increased in case-control analysis. CNVs intersecting with GATA4 and DSCAM were enriched in cases, recurrent in other datasets, and segregated with disease in families. In total, we identified potentially pathogenic CNVs in 8% of EBAV cases, implicating alterations of candidate genes at these loci in the pathogenesis of BAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven G Carlisle
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Hasan Albasha
- UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Hector Michelena
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Anna Sabate-Rotes
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autònoma Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lisa Bianco
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autònoma Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julie De Backer
- Centre for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; VASCERN HTAD European Reference Centre, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Cardiology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Anji T Yetman
- Children's Hospital and Medical Center, University of Nebraska, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Malenka M Bissell
- Deparmentt of Biomedical Imaging Science, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ilenia Foffa
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Richerche (CNR), Instituto di Fisiologia Clinica, Pisa, Italy
| | - Dawn S Hui
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, Texas
| | - Anthony Caffarelli
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Yuli Y Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Adult Congenital Heart Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dong-Chuan Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Rodolfo Citro
- Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Department, University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona," Salerno, Italy
| | - Margot De Marco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Schola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Justin T Tretter
- Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kim L McBride
- Division of Human Genetics, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Dianna M Milewicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Simon C Body
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Siddharth K Prakash
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
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Borghini A, Mercuri A, Campolo J, Parolini M, Ndreu R, Turchi S, Andreassi MG. Influence of Chromosome 9p21.3 rs1333049 Variant on Telomere Length and Their Interactive Impact on the Prognosis of Coronary Artery Disease. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:387. [PMID: 37754816 PMCID: PMC10531536 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10090387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both telomere shortening and the chromosome 9p21.3 (Chr9p21) rs1333049 (G/C) variant are involved in coronary artery disease (CAD) risk, likely affecting mechanisms related to cell cycle arrest and vascular senescence. The aim of the study was to examine the link between Chr9p21 rs1333049 variant and leucocyte telomere length (LTL), as well as their interactive effect on the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). METHODS A cohort of 472 patients with angiographically proven and clinically stable CAD were included in the study. At baseline, the LTL, biochemical parameters, and genotype analysis of Chr9p21 rs1333049 variant were measured in all patients. The primary endpoint of this study was the occurrence of MACE defined as a composite of coronary-related death, nonfatal MI, and coronary revascularization. RESULTS On multivariable linear regression analysis, age (p = 0.02) and Chr9p21 rs1333049 variant (p = 0.002) were the only independent predictors of LTL levels. Carriers of the CC genotype of this SNP had shorter telomeres than GC carriers (p = 0.02) and GG carriers (p = 0.0005). After a follow-up with a mean period of 62 ± 19 months, 90 patients (19.1%) had MACE. Short LTL was an independent prognostic factor of MACE incidence (HR:2.2; 95% CI: 1.3-3.7; p = 0.005) after adjustment for potential confounders. There was a significant interaction (p = 0.01) between the LTL and rs1333049 variant, with patients with risk-allele C and short LTL having a higher risk (HR:5.8; 95% CI: 1.8-19.2; p = 0.004). CONCLUSION A strong relationship between LTL and Chr9p21 rs1333049 variant was identified, and they interactively affect the risk of poor prognosis in CAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Borghini
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (R.N.); (S.T.); (M.G.A.)
| | - Antonella Mercuri
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (R.N.); (S.T.); (M.G.A.)
| | - Jonica Campolo
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy; (J.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Marina Parolini
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy; (J.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Rudina Ndreu
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (R.N.); (S.T.); (M.G.A.)
| | - Stefano Turchi
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (R.N.); (S.T.); (M.G.A.)
| | - Maria Grazia Andreassi
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (R.N.); (S.T.); (M.G.A.)
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8
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Campolo J, Borghini A, Parolini M, Mercuri A, Turchi S, Andreassi MG. Clinical and Biological Predictors of Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11091. [PMID: 37446269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical and epidemiological evidence has recently revealed a link between coronary artery disease (CAD) and cancer. Shared risk factors and common biological pathways are probably involved in both pathological conditions. The aim of this paper was to evaluate whether and which conventional risk factors and novel circulating biomarkers could predict cancer incidence and death in patients with CAD. The study included 750 CAD patients, who underwent blood sampling for the evaluation of systemic inflammatory indexes (NLR and SII) and specific biomarkers of oxidative damage (leukocyte telomere length (LTL), mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn)). Study participants were followed up for a mean of 5.4 ± 1.2 years. Sixty-seven patients (8.9%) developed cancer during the follow-up time, and nineteen (2.5%) died of cancer. Cox multivariable analysis revealed that age (HR = 1.071; 95% CI: 1.034-1.109; p < 0.001), smoking habit (HR = 1.994; 95% CI: 1.140-3.488; p = 0.016), obesity (HR = 1.708; 95% CI: 1.022-2.854; p = 0.041) and SII (HR = 1.002; 95% CI: 1.001-1.003; p = 0.045) were associated with cancer incidence, while only age (HR = 1.132; 95% CI: 1.052-1.219; p = 0.001) was a predictor of cancer death. Patients with lung and gastrointestinal cancers had significantly higher median mtDNAcn levels than those without cancer. Our study suggests that aggressive risk factor modification and suppression of chronic inflammation may be essential to preventing cancer in CAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonica Campolo
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Marina Parolini
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy
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9
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Andreassi MG, Haddy N, Harms-Ringdahl M, Campolo J, Borghini A, Chevalier F, Schwenk JM, Fresneau B, Bolle S, Fuentes M, Haghdoost S. A Longitudinal Study of Individual Radiation Responses in Pediatric Patients Treated with Proton and Photon Radiotherapy, and Interventional Cardiology: Rationale and Research Protocol of the HARMONIC Project. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098416. [PMID: 37176123 PMCID: PMC10178896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Health Effects of Cardiac Fluoroscopy and Modern Radiotherapy (photon and proton) in Pediatrics (HARMONIC) is a five-year project funded by the European Commission that aimed to improve the understanding of the long-term ionizing radiation (IR) risks for pediatric patients. In this paper, we provide a detailed overview of the rationale, design, and methods for the biological aspect of the project with objectives to provide a mechanistic understanding of the molecular pathways involved in the IR response and to identify potential predictive biomarkers of individual response involved in long-term health risks. Biological samples will be collected at three time points: before the first exposure, at the end of the exposure, and one year after the exposure. The average whole-body dose, the dose to the target organ, and the dose to some important out-of-field organs will be estimated. State-of-the-art analytical methods will be used to assess the levels of a set of known biomarkers and also explore high-resolution approaches of proteomics and miRNA transcriptomes to provide an integrated assessment. By using bioinformatics and systems biology, biological pathways and novel pathways involved in the response to IR exposure will be deciphered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadia Haddy
- Radiation Epidemiology Team, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM U1018, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Mats Harms-Ringdahl
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonica Campolo
- CNR National Research Council Institute of Clinical Physiology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Borghini
- CNR National Research Council Institute of Clinical Physiology, 56125 Pisa, Italy
| | - François Chevalier
- UMR6252 CIMAP, CEA-CNRS-ENSICAEN-University of Caen Normandy, 14000 Caen, France
- Advanced Resource Center for HADrontherapy in Europe (ARCHADE), 14000 Caen, France
| | - Jochen M Schwenk
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brice Fresneau
- Department of Children and Adolescents Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Cancer and Radiation Team, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM U1018, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Stephanie Bolle
- Department of Radiation Therapy, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Manuel Fuentes
- Deparment of Medicine and General Service of Cytometry, Proteomics Unit, Cancer Research Centre-IBMCC, CSIC-USAL, IBSAL, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, University of Salamanca-CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Siamak Haghdoost
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- UMR6252 CIMAP, CEA-CNRS-ENSICAEN-University of Caen Normandy, 14000 Caen, France
- Advanced Resource Center for HADrontherapy in Europe (ARCHADE), 14000 Caen, France
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10
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Borghini A, Campolo J, Annoni G, Giuli V, Sicari R, Peretti A, Mercuri A, Picano E, Andreassi MG. Cancer Risk in Patients With Congenital Heart Disease Exposed to Radiation From Cardiac Procedures. J Am Coll Cardiol 2023; 81:1133-1134. [PMID: 36922096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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11
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Modena M, Vecoli C, Caselli C, Todiere G, Poddighe R, Valente S, Bandini F, Natali A, Ghiadoni L, Clerico A, Vittorini S, Botto N, Andreassi MG, Emdin M, Neglia D. Association of eNOS Glu298Asp polymorphism with cardiometabolic risk and inducible myocardial ischemia in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene deficiency is known to cause insulin resistance, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia and impaired coronary vasodilating capability in animal models. In the general clinical population, the eNOS gene polymorphism (Glu298Asp, G894T), able to reduce eNOS activity, was associated either with features of the metabolic syndrome or prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD).
Purpose
To investigate the possible association of Glu298Asp polymorphism with cardiometabolic risk [insulin resistance, increased triglycerides (TG) and low HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C)], obstructive CAD and inducible myocardial ischemia in stable patients with suspected coronary disease.
Methods
Six cardiology units enrolled a total of 506 consecutive patients (314 males; mean age 62±9 years) referred for suspected CAD within the BIOGEN-CARE Tuscan Region Italian Study. Among these, 325 patients underwent stress ECG or cardiac imaging to assess the presence of inducible ischemia and 436 patients underwent non invasive computerized tomography or invasive coronary angiography to assess the presence of obstructive CAD (>50% stenosis in at least one major coronary vessel). Blood samples were collected from each patient for genotyping and measurements of lipid and glucose parameters. The TG/HDL-C ratio and the TyG-index [ln(TG × Fasting plasma glucose/2)] were used as synthetic markers of atherogenic dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, main components of the cardiometabolic risk.
Results
In the whole population, 49.6% of patients were homozygous for the G894allele, 40.9% heterozygotes, and 9.5% homozygous for T894. Myocardial ischemia was documented in 160/325 (49.2%) patients undergoing stress testing and obstructive CAD in 178/436 (40.8%) patients undergoing coronary angiography. Patients carrying the T allele (dominant model TT+GT vs GG) had higher TG/HDL ratio (2.7±1.8 vs 2.5±1.9, P=0.03) (Figure) without differences in other lipid and glucose markers. Independent predictors of obstructive CAD were age, gender, obesity, diabetes and TG/HDL-C ratio but not the the T allele (OR 0.80; CI 0.51–1.25; ns). Independent predictors of inducible ischemia were age, gender, obesity and the T allele (OR 1.91; CI 01.19–3.08; P=0.007). Stratifying the population for both obstructive CAD and ischemia, the T allele was associated with increased risk of ischemia (OR 1.96; CI 1.11–3.44; P=0.02) even after adjustment for the presence of obstructive CAD (OR 3.09; CI 1.85–5.78; P<0.001) (Figure 1).
Conclusions
In stable patients with suspected CAD, the eNOS Glu298Asp gene polymorphism is an independent risk factor for inducible myocardial ischemia and is significantly associated with the specific cardiometabolic risk expressed by high TG and low HDL-C which independently predicts obstructive CAD.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): “BIOhumoral and GENetic predictors of CARdiac Evolving phenotype in Ischemic Heart Disease (BIOGENCARE-IHD)”; funded by Toscan Region-Programma per la ricerca regionale in materia di Salute 2009
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Affiliation(s)
- M Modena
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna , Pisa , Italy
| | - C Vecoli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC) , Pisa , Italy
| | - C Caselli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC) , Pisa , Italy
| | - G Todiere
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio , Pisa , Italy
| | - R Poddighe
- USL Toscana Northwest , Viareggio , Italy
| | - S Valente
- Careggi University Hospital , Florence , Italy
| | - F Bandini
- Fiorentino Hospital , Florence , Italy
| | - A Natali
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana , Pisa , Italy
| | - L Ghiadoni
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana , Pisa , Italy
| | - A Clerico
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna , Pisa , Italy
| | - S Vittorini
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio , Pisa , Italy
| | - N Botto
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio , Pisa , Italy
| | - M G Andreassi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC) , Pisa , Italy
| | - M Emdin
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio , Pisa , Italy
| | - D Neglia
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio , Pisa , Italy
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12
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Borghini A, Mercuri A, Andreassi MG. Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte, Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratios, and Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index as Predictors of Mortality in Coronary Artery Disease. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2022; 16:473-475. [PMID: 36045317 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10312-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Borghini
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Antonella Mercuri
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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13
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Vecoli C, Basta G, Borghini A, Gaggini M, Del Turco S, Mercuri A, Gastaldelli A, Andreassi MG. Advanced glycation end products, leukocyte telomere length, and mitochondrial DNA copy number in patients with coronary artery disease and alterations of glucose homeostasis: From the GENOCOR study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:1236-1244. [PMID: 35260310 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Alterations of glucose homeostasis can increase advanced glycation end products (AGEs) that exacerbate vascular inflammatory disease and may increase vascular senescence and aging. This study examined the relationships between carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) and soluble receptor for AGEs (sRAGE) with leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn), as cell aging biomarkers, in patients with established coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 459 patients with CAD further categorized as having normal glucose homeostasis (NG, n = 253), pre-diabetes (preT2D, n = 85), or diabetes (T2D, n = 121). All patients were followed up for the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Plasma concentrations of sRAGE and CML were measured by ELISA. mtDNAcn and LTL were measured by qRT-PCR. CML levels were significantly higher in patients with preT2D (p < 0.007) or T2D (p < 0.003) compared with those with NG. mtDNAcn resulted lower in T2D vs preT2D (p = 0.04). At multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis, short LTL (HR: 2.89; 95% CI: 1.11-10.1; p = 0.04) and high levels of sRAGE (HR: 2.20; 95% CI: 1.01-5.14; p = 0.04) were associated with an increased risk for MACEs in patients with preT2D and T2D, respectively. T2D patients with both short LTL and high sRAGE levels had the highest risk of MACEs (HR: 3.11; 95% CI: 1.11-9.92; p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS High levels of sRAGE and short LTL were associated with an increased risk of MACEs, especially in patients with diabetes, supporting the usefulness of both biomarkers of glycemic impairment and aging in predicting cardiovascular outcomes in patients with CAD.
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Pierri B, Buonerba C, Pierri A, Pizzolante A, Ferro A, Crispo A, Bollati V, Sanchez TR, Grazia Andreassi M, Esposito M, Cerino P. Exposure study on susceptible people - SPES: An integrative biomonitoring approach. Environ Int 2022; 158:106931. [PMID: 34653810 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evaluation of environmental exposure risk requires a global analysis of pollution phenomena, including biological effects and potentially correlated clinical outcomes in susceptible populations. Although human biomonitoring plays a fundamental role in assessing the degree of contamination, it is not effective alone in identifying a direct link between exposure, biomolecular effects and outcomes on target organisms. While toxicogenomics and epidemiology are mainly focused on the investigation of molecular reactions and clinical outcomes, the monitoring of environmental matrices works independently to characterize the territorial distribution of toxic compounds, without proving any correlated health risk for residents. OBJECTIVES We propose a new biomonitoring model based on a whole systemic analytical evaluation of environmental context. The paradigm of the method consists of identifying the sources of pollution, the migration pathways of those pollutants and their effects on target organisms. By means of this innovative, holistic epidemiological approach, we included healthy human subjects in a cohort to identify potential risks of exposure and predict possible correlated clinical outcomes. 4205 residents of the Campania region were enrolled in the "SPES" biomonitoring study, which especially focused on the areas dubbed "Land of Fires" in the recent decades. DISCUSSION The analysis of environmental exposure risk suffers the lack of data integration from various science fields, and this comes down to a limited point of view and a limited knowledge of phenomena. In implementing our model, we first constructed an analytical picture of the Real-world situation. We next conducted a comparative risk assessment, in order to identify possible correlations between pollution and health within a holistic view. CONCLUSION This type of research activities aims to support the implementation of public health interventions and to become a reference model in the evaluation of the risk of exposure to environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biancamaria Pierri
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale per l'analisi e studio di correlazione tra ambiente, animale e uomo, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055 Portici, (NA), Italy; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, (SA), Italy.
| | - Carlo Buonerba
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale per l'analisi e studio di correlazione tra ambiente, animale e uomo, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055 Portici, (NA), Italy
| | - Andrea Pierri
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale per l'analisi e studio di correlazione tra ambiente, animale e uomo, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055 Portici, (NA), Italy
| | - Antonio Pizzolante
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale per l'analisi e studio di correlazione tra ambiente, animale e uomo, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055 Portici, (NA), Italy
| | - Amedeo Ferro
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale per l'analisi e studio di correlazione tra ambiente, animale e uomo, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055 Portici, (NA), Italy
| | - Anna Crispo
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Bollati
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Tiffany R Sanchez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, 10032 New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Grazia Andreassi
- Clinical Physiology Institute, National Research Council of Italy (IFC-CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Esposito
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale per l'analisi e studio di correlazione tra ambiente, animale e uomo, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055 Portici, (NA), Italy
| | - Pellegrino Cerino
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale per l'analisi e studio di correlazione tra ambiente, animale e uomo, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, 80055 Portici, (NA), Italy
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15
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Borghini A, Vecoli C, Labate L, Panetta D, Andreassi MG, Gizzi LA. FLASH ultra-high dose rates in radiotherapy: preclinical and radiobiological evidence. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 98:127-135. [PMID: 34913413 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2009143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Flash radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) is currently being regarded as the next breakthrough in radiation treatment of cancer, delivering ultrahigh radiation doses in a very short time, and sparing normal tissues from detrimental injury. Here we review the current evidence on the preclinical findings as well as the radiobiological mechanisms underlying the FLASH effect. We also briefly examine the scenario of available technologies for delivering FLASH dose-rates for research and their implications for future clinical use. CONCLUSIONS Preclinical studies report that the FLASH-RT reduces radiation-induced toxicity whilst maintaining an equivalent tumor response across different animal models. However, the molecular radiobiology underlying FLASH effect is not fully understood and further experiments are necessary to understand the biological response. Future studies also includes the design of a FLASH delivery system able to produce beams appropriate for treatment of tumors with ultra-high dose rates. All these research activities will greatly benefit from a multidisciplinary collaboration across biology, physics and clinical oncology, increasing the potential of a rapid clinical translation of FLASH-RT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luca Labate
- CNR National Institute of Optics, Pisa, Italy
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16
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Andreassi MG, Borghini A, Vecoli C. Micronucleus assay for predicting coronary artery disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Mutat Res Rev Mutat Res 2020; 787:108348. [PMID: 34083055 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Coronary angiography allows an accurate assessment of the extent and severity of atherosclerotic coronary narrowing, but it provides little characterization of early detection of potentially asymptomatic vulnerable plaque. The identification of the coronary "vulnerable patient" or high-risk plaques remains a major challenge in the treatment of CAD. Recently, growing evidence shows that DNA damage plays a role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic plaque. Cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay is one of the most frequently used and validated method for assessing chromosomal damage and genetic instability. Accordingly, the purpose of this systematic review was to retrieve and discuss existing literature on the studies assessing the association between MN and angiographically-proven CAD. A total of 8 studies published between 2001 and 2017 were included in the meta-analysis. Despite a large heterogeneity between studies (I2= 99.7 %, p < 0.0001), an overall increase of MN frequencies was found in patients with CAD compared with control group (meta-MR = 1.96; 95 % CI, 1.5-3.2, p = 0.009). A subgroup analysis showed an increase in the frequency of MN formation for both two- vessel (MR = 2.13, 95 % CI: 0.9-6.9, p = 0.08) and three-vessel disease (MR = 2.89, 95 % CI: 1.84-4.55, P = 0.06). Overall, the results of this meta-analysis provide evidence of an association between CBMN and presence, extent and severity of angiographically-assessed CAD. However, the small number of papers analyzed requires further large and more rigorously designed studies, carefully considering a series of clinical confounding factors, such as the quality of the metabolic control, the influence of drugs and radiation imaging treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Borghini
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via Moruzzi 1, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cecilia Vecoli
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via Moruzzi 1, Pisa, Italy
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Vecoli C, Borghini A, Turchi S, Mercuri A, Andreassi MG. Genetic polymorphisms of miRNA machinery genes in bicuspid aortic valve and associated aortopathy. Per Med 2020; 18:21-29. [PMID: 33124523 DOI: 10.2217/pme-2020-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aim: SNPs in miRNA machinery genes may affect miRNA function by impacting their biogenesis. Here, we investigated the association between three SNPs in miRNA machinery genes (DICER rs1057035, DROSHA rs10719 and XPO5 rs11077) and bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). Materials & methods: Three polymorphisms were analyzed in 177 BAV patients and 414 healthy subjects by using a TaqMan®SNP assay. Results: The frequencies of XPO5 rs11077 genotype were significantly different between BAV patients and controls (p = 0.022). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, the XPO5 rs11077 C allele resulted a significant predictor of BAV (odds ratioadjusted = 0.65; CI: 0.42-0.98; p = 0.047). Conclusion: The XPO5 rs11077 SNP was associated with a decreased BAV risk supporting the causative role of miRNAs in aortic valve development.
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Harbron RW, Thierry-Chef I, Pearce MS, Bernier MO, Dreuil S, Rage E, Andreassi MG, Picano E, Dreger S, Zeeb H, Olerud H, Thevathas U, Kjaerheim K, Døhlen G, Jahnen A, Hermen J, Chumak V, Bakhanova E, Voloskyi V, Borrego D, Lee C, Dabin J. The HARMONIC project: study design for the assessment of radiation doses and associated cancer risks following cardiac fluoroscopy in childhood. J Radiol Prot 2020; 40. [PMID: 32668420 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/aba66d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The HARMONIC project (Health Effects of Cardiac Fluoroscopy and Modern Radiotherapy in Paediatrics) is a European study aiming to improve our understanding of the long-term health risks from radiation exposures in childhood and early adulthood. Here, we present the study design for the cardiac fluoroscopy component of HARMONIC. A pooled cohort of approximately 100 000 patients who underwent cardiac fluoroscopy procedures in Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Norway, Spain or the UK, while aged under 22 years, will be established from hospital records and/or insurance claims data. Doses to individual organs will be estimated from dose indicators recorded at the time of examination, using a lookup-table-based dosimetry system produced using Monte Carlo radiation transport simulations and anatomically realistic computational phantom models. Information on beam geometry and x-ray energy spectra will be obtained from a representative sample of radiation dose structured reports. Uncertainties in dose estimates will be modelled using 2D Monte Carlo methods. The cohort will be followed up using national registries and insurance records to determine vital status and cancer incidence. Information on organ transplantation (a major risk factor for cancer development in this patient group) and/or other conditions predisposing to cancer will be obtained from national or local registries and health insurance data, depending on country. The relationship between estimated radiation dose and cancer risk will be investigated using regression modelling. Results will improve information for patients and parents and aid clinicians in managing and implementing changes to reduce radiation risks without compromising medical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Harbron
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed
| | - Isabelle Thierry-Chef
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mark S Pearce
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Marie-Odile Bernier
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Serge Dreuil
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Estelle Rage
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | | | - Steffen Dreger
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology (BIPS), Bremen, Germany
| | - Hajo Zeeb
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology (BIPS), Bremen, Germany
- Health Sciences Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Hilde Olerud
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Kongsberg, Norway
| | - Utheya Thevathas
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Kongsberg, Norway
| | - Kristina Kjaerheim
- Cancer Registry of Norway-Institute of Population-based Cancer Research, Department of Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gaute Døhlen
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Andreas Jahnen
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Johannes Hermen
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Vadim Chumak
- National Research Center for Radiation Medicine (NRCRM), Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Elena Bakhanova
- National Research Center for Radiation Medicine (NRCRM), Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Vitalii Voloskyi
- National Research Center for Radiation Medicine (NRCRM), Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - David Borrego
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892-9778, United States of America
| | - Choonsik Lee
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892-9778, United States of America
| | - Jérémie Dabin
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, Mol, Belgium
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Vecoli C, Borghini A, Andreassi MG. The molecular biomarkers of vascular aging and atherosclerosis: telomere length and mitochondrial DNA 4977 common deletion. Mutat Res Rev Mutat Res 2020; 784:108309. [PMID: 32430098 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Age is the dominant risk factor for the most prevalent atherosclerotic vascular diseases, including coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular disease and stroke. In human, telomere erosion and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage play a central role in the mechanisms leading to cellular aging decline. This review summarizes the most relevant findings on the role of telomere shortening and the common mtDNA4977 deletion in the progression and evolution of atherosclerosis by combining insight from experimental models and human clinical studies. The current evidence shows a link between telomere erosion and compromised mitochondrial function and provides a new perspective regarding their potential role as clinical biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Pulignani S, Borghini A, Foffa I, Vecoli C, Ait-Alì L, Andreassi MG. Functional characterization and circulating expression profile of dysregulated microRNAs in BAV-associated aortopathy. Heart Vessels 2020; 35:432-440. [PMID: 31562552 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-019-01509-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Compelling evidence has shown that microRNAs (miRs) are involved in the pathophysiology of BAV-associated aortopathy. The purpose of this study was to assess the biological role as well as the circulating expression of two miRs (miR-424-3p and miR-3688-3p) that have been previously identified as significantly dysregulated in thoracic aortic aneurysm specimens of BAV patients. Bioinformatic tools were used to predict miR gene targets followed by functional validation transfecting synthetic miR mimics and negative controls into human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). Levels of miRs and target genes were evaluated by qRT-PCR. The circulating miR expression profile analysis was assessed on plasma samples collected from a cohort of 72 patients with aortopathy including 39 BAV (33 males; 58 ± 13 years) and 33 TAV patients (26 males; 67 ± 9 years). Computational analysis revealed that SMAD7 and YAP1 were potential targets of miR-424-3p and miR-3688-3p, respectively. Transfection with mimics confirmed a significantly decreased gene expression of SMAD7 and YAP1 compared to mimic negative control (p = 0.04 and p = 0.0005, respectively) or blank control (p = 0.01 and p = 0.0007, respectively). Overexpression of miR-3688-3p also significantly upregulated pro-apoptotic caspase-3 gene expression compared to mimic negative control (p = 0.02) or blank control (p = 0.01). Furthermore, a significant down-regulation of the circulating miR-424-3p was observed in BAV compared to TAV patients (p = 0.001). In multiple linear regression analysis, the aortic valve morphology (β = - 0.29, p = 0.04) and the presence of aortic stenosis (β = - 0.28, p = 0.03) had a significant effect on the miR-424-3p expression. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that miR-424-3p and miR-3688-3p directly targeted SMAD7 and YAP1 in HASMCs, pivotal genes of the TGF-β and Hippo-signaling pathways. Circulating miR-424-3p was also found to be significantly decreased in BAV patients when compared to TAV patients, especially in patients with aortic stenosis. Further large studies of well-characterized BAV patient cohorts are needed to define the clinical significance of the miR-424-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pulignani
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Borghini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilenia Foffa
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cecilia Vecoli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lamia Ait-Alì
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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Andreassi MG, Borghini A, Vecoli C, Piccaluga E, Guagliumi G, Del Greco M, Gaita F, Picano E. Reproductive outcomes and Y chromosome instability in radiation-exposed male workers in cardiac catheterization laboratory. Environ Mol Mutagen 2020; 61:361-368. [PMID: 31605552 DOI: 10.1002/em.22341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Occupational radiation exposure may impact the reproductive outcome of male workers in the cardiac catheterization laboratory (cath Lab) who receive a dose of ~1-10 mSv/year. An increased copy number variation (CNV) in azoospermia factor region c (AZFc) of the Y chromosome is a marker of spermatogenic failure, previously associated with radiation exposure. This study sought to investigate the association between paternal exposure in the Cath Lab and adverse reproductive outcomes as well as to assess the induction of CNV in the AZFc region. In a case-control study, we enrolled 193 catheterization lab workers (Group I) and 164 age-matched unexposed controls (Group II). Reproductive outcomes were assessed through a structured questionnaire. Two sequence-tagged sites (SY1197 and SY579) in AZFc region were evaluated by qRT-PCR in 83 exposed and 47 unexposed subjects. Exposed workers had a higher prevalence of low birth weight in offspring (Group I = 13% vs. II = 5.3%, P = 0.02; ORadjusted = 2.7; 95% CI: 1.1-6.3; P = 0.02). The mean of CNV (microdeletion and microduplication) for SY1197 was significantly higher in the exposed workers (Group I = 1.53 ± 0.85 vs. Group II = 1.02 ± 0.41; P = 0.0005). Despite the study design limitations, our findings show that chronic occupational radiation exposure of male workers is correlated with higher prevalence of low birth weight in offspring and instability in the Y chromosome AZFc region. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 61:361-368, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Giulio Guagliumi
- Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - Fiorenzo Gaita
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Gianicolo E, Andreassi MG, Bruni A, Cervino M, Latini G, Mangia C, Portaluri M, Vigotti MA. [Misclassification and not evidence-based reassurances: the SENTIERI study on congenital anomalies in Brindisi]. Epidemiol Prev 2020; 44:3-4. [PMID: 32374100 DOI: 10.19191/ep20.1.p003.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Gianicolo
- Institut für Medizinische Biometrie, Epidemiologie und Informatik der Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutemberg-Universität, Mainz, Germania;
| | | | | | - Marco Cervino
- Istituto di scienze dell'atmosfera e del clima, Consiglio nazionale delle ricerche, Bologna
| | - Giuseppe Latini
- Unità di terapia intensiva neonatale dell'ospedale "A. Perrino" di Brindisi
| | - Cristina Mangia
- Istituto di scienze dell'atmosfera e del clima, Consiglio nazionale delle ricerche, Lecce
| | | | - Maria Angela Vigotti
- Università di Pisa e dell'Istituto di fisiologia clinica, Consiglio nazionale delle ricerche, Pisa
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Vecoli C, Borghini A, Pulignani S, Mercuri A, Turchi S, Picano E, Andreassi MG. Independent and Combined Effects of Telomere Shortening and mtDNA 4977 Deletion on Long-term Outcomes of Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215508. [PMID: 31694204 PMCID: PMC6862167 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease, resulting in a progressive organ and cell decline. This study evaluated a possible joint impact of two emerging hallmarks of aging, leucocyte telomere length (LTL) and common mitochondrial DNA deletion (mtDNA4977), on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and all-cause mortality in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). We studied 770 patients (673 males, 64.8 ± 8.3 years) with known or suspected stable CAD. LTL and mtDNA4977 deletion were assessed in peripheral blood using qRT-PCR. During a median follow-up of 5.4 ± 1.2 years, MACEs were 140 while 86 deaths were recorded. After adjustments for confounding risk factors, short LTLs and high mtDNA4977 deletion levels acted independently as predictors of MACEs (HR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.2-3.9, p = 0.01 and HR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1-2.9, p = 0.04; respectively) and all-cause mortality events (HR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.1-4.6, p = 0.04 and HR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.1-4.9, p = 0.02; respectively). Patients with both short LTLs and high mtDNA4977 deletion levels had an increased risk for MACEs (HR: 4.3; 95% CI: 1.9-9.6; p = 0.0006) and all-cause mortality (HR: 6.0; 95% CI: 2.0-18.4; p = 0.001). The addition of mtDNA4977 deletion to a clinical reference model was associated with a significant net reclassification improvement (NRI = 0.18, p = 0.01). Short LTL and high mtDNA4977 deletion showed independent and joint predictive value on adverse cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality in patients with CAD. These findings strongly support the importance of evaluating biomarkers of physiological/biological age, which can predict disease risk and mortality more accurately than chronological age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Vecoli
- Correspondence: (C.V.); (M.G.A.); Tel.: +39-050-3152688 (C.V.); +39-050-3152628 (M.G.A.); Fax: +39 050 3152166 (M.G.A.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria Grazia Andreassi
- Correspondence: (C.V.); (M.G.A.); Tel.: +39-050-3152688 (C.V.); +39-050-3152628 (M.G.A.); Fax: +39 050 3152166 (M.G.A.)
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Sciahbasi A, Piccaluga E, Andreassi MG, Trianni A, Rosi A, Sarandrea A, Longoni M, Germinal F, Santucci S, Bernardi G, Rigattieri S, La Manna A, Castiglioni B, Limbruno U, Mauro C, Tarantino F, Esposito G, Musumeci G, Tarantini G. [SICI-GISE Position paper: Enhancing radiation safety in the catheterization laboratory]. G Ital Cardiol (Rome) 2019; 20:14S-28S. [PMID: 31593188 DOI: 10.1714/3219.31965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The radiation dose received by interventional cardiologists during their activity in the catheterization laboratory is a matter of concern in terms of possible deterministic and stochastic risk. At the same time, very often, the knowledge of the effect and consequences of radiation exposure in the interventional cardiology community is limited. This document endorsed by the Italian Society of Interventional Cardiology (SICI-GISE) provides recommendations for cardiologists' radiation protection. Radiation safety considerations dedicated to women and other staff personnel working in the catheterization laboratory are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emanuela Piccaluga
- Cardiologia-Emodinamica, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano
| | | | | | - Antonella Rosi
- Centro Nazionale delle Tecnologie Innovative per la Sanità Pubblica, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma
| | | | - Matteo Longoni
- Emodinamica e Cardiologia Interventistica, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano
| | - Francesco Germinal
- U.O.C. Cardiologia Interventistica ed Emodinamica, Ospedale "Vito Fazzi", Lecce
| | - Stefano Santucci
- U.O.S. Cardiologia Interventistica, Emodinamica ed Elettrostimolazione, AOU Sant'Andrea, Roma
| | | | - Stefano Rigattieri
- U.O.S. Cardiologia Interventistica, Emodinamica ed Elettrostimolazione, AOU Sant'Andrea, Roma
| | - Alessio La Manna
- Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, AOU Policlinico "Vittorio Emanuele", Catania
| | | | - Ugo Limbruno
- U.O.C. Cardiologia, Ospedale Misericordia, Grosseto
| | - Ciro Mauro
- U.O.C. Cardiologia, Ospedale Cardarelli, Napoli
| | | | | | | | - Giuseppe Tarantini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiache, Toraciche e Vascolari, Policlinico Universitario di Padova
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Borghini A, Pulignani S, Mercuri A, Vecoli C, Turchi S, Carpeggiani C, Andreassi MG. Influence of genetic polymorphisms in DICER and XPO5 genes on the risk of coronary artery disease and circulating levels of vascular miRNAs. Thromb Res 2019; 180:32-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Pulignani S, Borghini A, Andreassi MG. microRNAs in bicuspid aortic valve associated aortopathy: Recent advances and future perspectives. J Cardiol 2019; 74:297-303. [PMID: 31230901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The risk of acute aortic events in patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) constitutes a medical concern in terms of timing and surgical decision. During the past years, there has been a growing interest in the potential of microRNAs (miRNAs) as crucial epigenetic factors in multiple cellular processes associated with BAV aortopathy. Nevertheless, there are still challenges that need to be overcome before miRNAs could enter clinical practice, and further validation studies in larger and well-defined BAV cohorts are now required. This review aims at providing a comprehensive overview of the available data on the expression profiles and function of specific miRNAs in BAV aortopathy, evaluating miRNA signatures as potential molecular markers of disease. We also discuss the role of other novel classes of non-coding RNAs, including long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs, in BAV-associated aortopathy, mainly regarding their possible implementation as diagnostic and prognostic markers.
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Borghini A, Vecoli C, Piccaluga E, Guagliumi G, Picano E, Andreassi MG. Increased mitochondrial DNA4977-bp deletion in catheterization laboratory workers with long-term low-dose exposure to ionizing radiation. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2019; 26:976-984. [PMID: 30782005 DOI: 10.1177/2047487319831495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Ionizing radiation may lead to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations and changes in mtDNA content in cells, major driving mechanisms for carcinogenesis, vascular aging and neurodegeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible induction of common mitochondrial deletion (mtDNA4977) and mtDNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) changes in peripheral blood of personnel working in high-volume cardiac catheterization laboratories (Cath Labs). METHODS A group of 147 Cath Lab workers (median individual effective dose = 16.8 mSv, for the 41 with lifetime dosimetric record) and 74 unexposed individuals were evaluated. The occupational radiological risk score was computed for each subject on the basis of the length of employment, individual caseload and proximity to the radiation source. mtDNA4977 deletion and mtDNA-CN were assessed by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Increased levels of mtDNA4977 deletion were observed in high-exposure Cath Lab workers compared with unexposed individuals ( p < 0.0001). Conversely, mtDNA-CN was significantly greater in the low-exposure workers ( p = 0.003). Occupational radiological risk score was positively correlated with mtDNA4977 deletion (Spearman's r = 0.172, p = 0.03) and inversely correlated with mtDNA-CN (Spearman's r = -0.202, p = 0.01). In multiple regression model, occupational radiological risk score emerged as significant predictor of high levels of mtDNA4977 deletion (ß coefficient = 0.236, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION mtDNA4977 deletion is significantly high in Cath Lab personnel. Beyond the well-recognized nuclear DNA, mtDNA damage might deserve attention as a pathogenetic molecular pathway and a potential therapeutic target of ionizing radiation damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Giulio Guagliumi
- 3 Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Cardiovascular Department, Bergamo, Italy
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Pulignani S, Borghini A, Vecoli C, Foffa I, Ait-Ali L, Andreassi MG. A Functional Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Genetic Variant, Alone and in Combination with Parental Exposure, is a Risk Factor for Congenital Heart Disease. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2019; 18:261-267. [PMID: 29185192 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-017-9436-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent experimental studies showed that ablation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) as well as its activation by exogenous ligands disrupt the molecular networks involved in heart formation and function, leading to congenital heart disease (CHD). However, no evidence is available about the role of AhR in humans. We assessed the prevalence of a functional AhR genetic variant (p.Arg554Lys) in CHD patients as well as its joint effects with parental exposure. A total of 128 CHD patients (76 males; age 6.2 ± 6.7 years) and 274 controls (160 males; age at birth) were genotyped for the AhR polymorphism by using the TaqMan® Drug Metabolism Genotyping assay. Both case and control parents completed a structured questionnaire on demographic, lifestyle and preconception exposures. Genotype (p = 0.001) and allele (p < 0.0001) distributions of AhR p.Arg554Lys differed significantly between patients and controls. A significant elevated CHD risk was found under dominant (OR = 2.9, 95% CI 1.9-4.6, p < 0.0001) and additive genetic models (OR = 6.2, 95% CI 2-19, p = 0.001). There was a significant interaction between 554-Lys allele and paternal smoking exposure (ORsmoking = 1.6, 95% CI = 0.9-2.9; ORallele = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.3-5; ORinteraction = 4.9, 95% CI = 2.4-9.9, p interaction < 0.0001). Additionally, 554-Lys allele exacerbated the effect of maternal periconceptional exposure (ORexposure = 1.6, 95% CI = 0.8-3; ORallele = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.5-4.5; ORinteraction = 5.7; 95% CI = 2.6-12, p interaction < 0.0001). Our findings showed that the AhR p.Arg554Lys polymorphism, alone and in combination with parental exposures, is associated with the CHD risk, highlighting the significant role of AhR in the cardiovascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pulignani
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Andrea Borghini
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cecilia Vecoli
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilenia Foffa
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lamia Ait-Ali
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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Petruzzelli MF, Vasti MP, Errico A, D'Agostino R, Tramacere F, Gianicolo EAL, Bambace S, Andreassi MG, Picano E, Portaluri M. Ultrasound B-lines for detection of late lung fibrosis in breast cancer patients after radiation therapy. Ann Ist Super Sanita 2018; 54:294-299. [PMID: 30575565 DOI: 10.4415/ann_18_04_05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Radiation therapy (RT) for breast cancer after conservative surgery can be life-saving but remains associated with significant late side effects, including lung fibrosis, detected by chest CT. Aim of this study was to assess whether lung ultrasound (LUS) may detect late lung fibrosis through the biomarker of B-lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated 30 women (median age 67 years, range 46-80 years) about 3-8 years after RT (follow up 38-101 months, median 58 months) for left (n = 12) or right (n = 18) breast cancer (stage 1, n = 24; stage 2, n = 6), treated with total dose 40.5 - 50.00 Gy with/without boost dose). In all, both treated and contralateral hemithorax were evaluated. LUS was performed and B-lines evaluated with a 28-region antero-lateral scan, from second to fifth intercostal spaces, along the mid-axillary, anterior axillary, mid-clavicular, and parasternal lines. In each space, the B-lines were counted from 0 = black lung to 10 = white lung. The sum of B-lines in all spaces generated the B-line score of each hemithorax. RESULTS Median B-line score was higher in the irradiated site than in the contralateral control hemithorax (9, 1st-3rd quartiles: 2-23 vs 3, 1st-3rd quartiles: 1-4; P < 0.05). In the treated hemithorax, higher mean lung doses ( > median value of 2.7 Gy) were associated with more B-lines when compared to lower doses (< 2.7 Gy): 9 vs 5, p <0.001. CONCLUSION RT in female breast cancer survivors is associated with increase in B-lines in the targeted hemithorax, likely due to lung fibrosis, and related to the lung mean dose. LUS can provide a simple "echo-marker" of lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Angelo Errico
- UO di Radioterapia Oncologica, Ospedale "Dimiccoli", Barletta, Italy
| | - Rosa D'Agostino
- UO di Radioterapia Oncologica, Ospedale "Dimiccoli", Barletta, Italy
| | | | - Emilio A L Gianicolo
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, CNR, Pisa-Lecce, Italy - Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Medizinische Biometrie, Epidemiologie und Informatik, Mainz, Germany
| | - Santa Bambace
- UO di Radioterapia Oncologica, Ospedale "Dimiccoli", Barletta, Italy
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Portaluri M, Petruzzelli MF, Tramacere F, Andreassi MG. B-type natriuretic peptide plasma level in 5-year breast cancer survivors after radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 95:201-206. [PMID: 30431375 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1542183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left-sided breast cancer patients treated with radiotherapy (RT) are at risk for late radiation-induced cardiovascular complications. AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the BNP plasma levels in long-term breast cancer survivors who received only RT as well to assess whether cardiac dose was associated with BNP values. METHODS Plasma samples for BNP measurement were repeated in 29 patients (63 ± 11 years) who were alive at 5 years after radiotherapy, free of heart disease and available to provide new blood sample. All patients had BNP measurements at baseline. The ΔBNP was measured to analyze the role of marker variations. No patients received chemotherapy. RESULTS The mean cardiac and ventricle dose were 2.1 ± 1.0 (range 0.02-4.5) Gy and 3.0 ± 1.7 (range 0.02-7.6), respectively. Median value of BNP was 47 pg/mL (interquartile ranges, 26-58.2 pg/mL) at baseline, and 34 pg/mL (interquartile ranges, 17.5-54 pg/mL) at 5 years after radiotherapy. There was no significantly different between two measurements (p = ns). Fifteen (52%) reported an improvement in BNP levels, 1 (3%) no changes and 13 (45%) reported a worsening. There was no correlation between ΔBNP and age (p = ns). When patients were stratified according to the median value of dose-volume data, ΔBNP was significantly higher in patients with increased cardiac Dmean (p = .02) and left ventricle Dmean (p = .009). CONCLUSION At 5 years after radiotherapy, median plasma BNP levels remained within the normal range, but the delta-BNP levels are directly related to the heart and ventricular dose received.
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Latini G, De Felice C, Barducci A, Dipaola L, Gentile M, Andreassi MG, Correale M, Bianciardi G. Clinical biomarkers for cancer recognition and prevention: A novel approach with optical measurements. Cancer Biomark 2018; 22:179-198. [PMID: 29689703 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the most important cause of death worldwide, and early cancer detection is the most fundamental factor for efficacy of treatment, prognosis, and increasing survival rate. Over the years great effort has been devoted to discovering and testing new biomarkers that can improve its diagnosis, especially at an early stage. Here we report the potential usefulness of new, easily applicable, non-invasive and relatively low-cost clinical biomarkers, based on abnormalities of oral mucosa spectral reflectance and fractal geometry of the vascular networks in several different tissues, for identification of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer carriers as well for detection of other tumors, even at an early stage. In the near future the methodology/technology of these procedures should be improved, thus making possible their applicability worldwide as screening tools for early recognition and prevention of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Latini
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Perrino Hospital Brindisi-Italy, Brindisi, Italy
| | - Claudio De Felice
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Policlinico "Le Scotte" viale Bracci, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Dipaola
- Research Unit of Lecce, Clinical Physiology Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Gentile
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS S. De Bellis, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Andreassi
- Genetics Research Unit, Clinical Physiology Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Correale
- Clinical Pathology Unit, IRCCS S. De Bellis, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Giorgio Bianciardi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Borghini A, Pulignani S, Mercuri A, Vecoli C, Turchi S, Carpeggiani C, Andreassi MG. P772The miRNA-SNP rs11077 of exportin-5 (XPO5) gene is associated with coronary artery disease risk and affects circulating miRNAs. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy564.p772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Borghini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), Massa, Italy
| | - S Pulignani
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), Massa, Italy
| | - A Mercuri
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), Massa, Italy
| | - C Vecoli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), Massa, Italy
| | - S Turchi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), Massa, Italy
| | - C Carpeggiani
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), Massa, Italy
| | - M G Andreassi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), Massa, Italy
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Andreassi MG, Borghini A, Vecoli C, Piccaluga E, Guagliumi G, Del Greco M, Picano E. P4570Reproductive health risks and y chromosome genomic instability in male staff working in cardiac catheterization laboratory with chronic low-dose x-ray exposure. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy563.p4570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M G Andreassi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), Massa, Italy
| | - A Borghini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), Massa, Italy
| | - C Vecoli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), Massa, Italy
| | | | - G Guagliumi
- Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - M Del Greco
- Santa Chiara Hospital in Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - E Picano
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), Massa, Italy
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Vecoli C, Borghini A, Pulignani S, Mercuri A, Turchi S, Carpeggiani C, Picano E, Andreassi MG. P6429Prognostic value of mitochondrial DNA4977 deletion and mitochondrial DNA copy number in patients with coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.p6429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Vecoli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Borghini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Pulignani
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Mercuri
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Turchi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - E Picano
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
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Andreassi MG, Piccaluga E, Sacca SC, Del Greco M, Guagliumi G, Gaita F, Padovani R, Picano E. P574High prevalence of vision impairing cataract and subclinical lens opacities in cardiac catheterization laboratory staff with low-dose x-ray exposure: results from the italian healthy cath lab study. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy564.p574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - M Del Greco
- Santa Chiara Hospital in Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - G Guagliumi
- Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - F Gaita
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, turin, Italy
| | - R Padovani
- International Centre for Theoretical Physics, trento, Italy
| | - E Picano
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
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Pulignani S, Borghini A, Foffa I, Vecoli C, Ait Ali L, Andreassi MG. P673Circulating miR-424-3p is a promising biomarker of bicuspid aortic valve (BAV)-associated aortopathy by directly targeting SMAD7. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy564.p673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Pulignani
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Borghini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - I Foffa
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), Massa, Italy
| | - C Vecoli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - L Ait Ali
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
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Borghini A, Vecoli C, Mercuri A, Turchi S, Piccaluga E, Guagliumi G, Picano E, Andreassi MG. P6200Increased mitochondrial 4977-bp deletion and copy number in cath lab personnel with long-term occupational exposure to ionizing radiation. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.p6200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Borghini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), Massa, Italy
| | - C Vecoli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), Massa, Italy
| | - A Mercuri
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), Massa, Italy
| | - S Turchi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), Massa, Italy
| | | | - G Guagliumi
- Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - E Picano
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), Massa, Italy
| | - M G Andreassi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), Massa, Italy
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Pulignani S, Andreassi MG. MicroRNAs and Congenital Heart Disease: Where Are We Now? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 72:7-9. [PMID: 30056121 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2018.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pulignani
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, Pisa, Italy.
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Vecoli C, Borghini A, Pulignani S, Mercuri A, Turchi S, Carpeggiani C, Picano E, Andreassi MG. Prognostic value of mitochondrial DNA 4977 deletion and mitochondrial DNA copy number in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 2018; 276:91-97. [PMID: 30053637 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) depletion has been recently associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. However, the integrity of mtDNA is another key aspect of the energy metabolism and mitochondrial function. We investigated the prognostic role of peripheral blood common mitochondrial deletion (mtDNA4977) and mtDNA-CN on long-term major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) and all-cause mortality in a cohort of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS Within the Italian GENOCOR (Genetic Mapping for Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk) cohort, we studied 515 patients (450 males, 65 ± 8 years) with known or suspected stable CAD. mtDNA4977 deletion and mtDNA-CN were assessed in peripheral blood using qRT-PCR. RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 4.5 ± 1.1 years, 78 (15%) patients had MACEs (15 cardiac deaths, 17 nonfatal myocardial infarction and 46 coronary revascularizations) and 28 patients died for non-cardiac causes. Patients with high levels of mtDNA4977 deletion (>75th) had increased risk of MACEs (log rank = 7.2, p=0.007) and all-cause mortality (log rank = 5.7, p=0.01) compared with patients with low mtDNA4977 deletion (≤75th). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that log mtDNA4977 was a significant predictor of MACEs (HR = 2.17; 95% CI, 1.31-3.59; p=0.003) and all-cause mortality (HR = 2.03; 95% CI: 1.13-3.65, p=0.02). Log mtDNA-CN was not significantly associated with MACEs or all-cause mortality. However, patients with high mtDNA4977 deletion (>75th) and low mtDNA-CN (<25th) had significantly increased risk for MACEs (HR: 3.73; 95% CI: 1.79-7.79; p=0.0005). CONCLUSIONS Mitochondria DNA damage was associated with an increased risk of MACEs and all-cause mortality in patients with stable CAD, confirming the critical role of mitochondrial dysfunction in atherosclerosis.
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Pulignani S, Vecoli C, Borghini A, Foffa I, Ait-Alì L, Andreassi MG. Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing in Patients with Non-syndromic Congenital Heart Disease. Pediatr Cardiol 2018; 39:682-689. [PMID: 29332214 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-018-1806-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a genetically heterogeneous disease. Targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) offers a unique opportunity to sequence multiple genes at lower cost and effort compared to Sanger sequencing. We tested a targeted NGS of a specific gene panel in a relatively large population of non-syndromic CHD patients. The patient cohort comprised 68 CHD patients (45 males; 8.3 ± 1.7 years). Amplicon libraries for 16 CHD-strictly related genes were generated using a TruSeq® Custom Amplicon kit (Illumina, CA) and sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Sequence data were processed through the MiSeq Reporter and wANNOVAR softwares. After applying stringent filtering criteria, 20 missense variants in 9 genes were predicted to be damaging and were validated by Sanger sequencing with 100% concordance. Fourteen variants were present in public databases with very rare allele frequency, of which four variants (p.Arg25Cys in NKX2-5, p.Val763Ile in ZFPM2, p.Arg1398Gln and Gly1826Asp in MYH6) have been previously linked to CHD or cardiomyopathy. The remaining six variants in four genes (GATA4, NKX2-5, NOTCH1, TBX1) were novel mutations, currently not found in public databases, and absent in 200 control alleles of healthy subjects. Four patients (5.8%) carried two missense variants (1 compound heterozygote in the same gene and 3 double heterozygotes in different genes), with possibly synergistic deleterious effects. Targeted NGS is a powerful and efficient tool to detect DNA sequence variants in multiple genes, providing the opportunity for discovery of the co-occurrence of two or more missense rare variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pulignani
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Vecoli
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Borghini
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilenia Foffa
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lamia Ait-Alì
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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Borghini A, Andreassi MG. Genetic polymorphisms offer insight into the causal role of microRNA in coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 2018; 269:63-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abstract
Background Stress echocardiography (SE) predicts cardiac death, but an increasing share of cardiac patients eventually die of cancer. The aim of the study was to assess whether SE positivity predicts cancer death. Methods and Results In a retrospective analysis of prospectively acquired single‐center, observational data, we evaluated 4673 consecutive patients who underwent SE from 1983 to 2009. All patients were cancer‐free at index SE and were followed up for a median of 131 months (interquartile range 134). We separately analyzed predetermined end points: cardiovascular, cancer, and noncardiovascular, noncancer death, with and without competing risk. SE was positive in 1757 and negative in 2916 patients; 869 cardiovascular, 418 cancer, and 625 noncardiovascular, noncancer deaths were registered. The 25‐year mortality was higher in SE‐positive than in SE‐negative patients, considering cardiovascular (40% versus 31%; P<0.001) and cancer mortality (26% versus 17%; P<0.01). SE positivity was a strong predictor of cancer (cause‐specific hazard ratio 1.19; 95% confidence interval, 1.16–1.73; P=0.05) and cardiovascular mortality (1.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.35; P=0.02). Fine–Gray analysis to account for competing risk gave similar results. Cancer risk diverged after 15 years, whereas differences were already significant at 5 years for cardiovascular risk. Conclusions SE results predict cardiovascular and cancer mortality. SE may act as a proxy of the shared risk factor milieu for cancer or cardiovascular death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rosa Sicari
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
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Montano L, Bergamo P, Andreassi MG, Vecoli C, Volpe MG, Lorenzetti S, Mantovani A, Notari T. The role of human semen for assessing environmental impact on human health in risk areas: Novels and early biomarkers of environmental pollution. EcoFoodFertility project. Reprod Toxicol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.06.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rocchiccioli S, Cecchettini A, Panesi P, Farneti PA, Mariani M, Ucciferri N, Citti L, Andreassi MG, Foffa I. Hypothesis-free secretome analysis of thoracic aortic aneurysm reinforces the central role of TGF-β cascade in patients with bicuspid aortic valve. J Cardiol 2017; 69:570-576. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Picano E, Ciampi Q, Citro R, D’Andrea A, Scali MC, Cortigiani L, Olivotto I, Mori F, Galderisi M, Costantino MF, Pratali L, Di Salvo G, Bossone E, Ferrara F, Gargani L, Rigo F, Gaibazzi N, Limongelli G, Pacileo G, Andreassi MG, Pinamonti B, Massa L, Torres MAR, Miglioranza MH, Daros CB, de Castro e Silva Pretto JL, Beleslin B, Djordjevic-Dikic A, Varga A, Palinkas A, Agoston G, Gregori D, Trambaiolo P, Severino S, Arystan A, Paterni M, Carpeggiani C, Colonna P. Stress echo 2020: the international stress echo study in ischemic and non-ischemic heart disease. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2017; 15:3. [PMID: 28100277 PMCID: PMC5242057 DOI: 10.1186/s12947-016-0092-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress echocardiography (SE) has an established role in evidence-based guidelines, but recently its breadth and variety of applications have extended well beyond coronary artery disease (CAD). We lack a prospective research study of SE applications, in and beyond CAD, also considering a variety of signs in addition to regional wall motion abnormalities. METHODS In a prospective, multicenter, international, observational study design, > 100 certified high-volume SE labs (initially from Italy, Brazil, Hungary, and Serbia) will be networked with an organized system of clinical, laboratory and imaging data collection at the time of physical or pharmacological SE, with structured follow-up information. The study is endorsed by the Italian Society of Cardiovascular Echography and organized in 10 subprojects focusing on: contractile reserve for prediction of cardiac resynchronization or medical therapy response; stress B-lines in heart failure; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; mitral regurgitation after either transcatheter or surgical aortic valve replacement; outdoor SE in extreme physiology; right ventricular contractile reserve in repaired Tetralogy of Fallot; suspected or initial pulmonary arterial hypertension; coronary flow velocity, left ventricular elastance reserve and B-lines in known or suspected CAD; identification of subclinical familial disease in genotype-positive, phenotype- negative healthy relatives of inherited disease (such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy). RESULTS We expect to recruit about 10,000 patients over a 5-year period (2016-2020), with sample sizes ranging from 5,000 for coronary flow velocity/ left ventricular elastance/ B-lines in CAD to around 250 for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or repaired Tetralogy of Fallot. This data-base will allow to investigate technical questions such as feasibility and reproducibility of various SE parameters and to assess their prognostic value in different clinical scenarios. CONCLUSIONS The study will create the cultural, informatic and scientific infrastructure connecting high-volume, accredited SE labs, sharing common criteria of indication, execution, reporting and image storage of SE to obtain original safety, feasibility, and outcome data in evidence-poor diagnostic fields, also outside the established core application of SE in CAD based on regional wall motion abnormalities. The study will standardize procedures, validate emerging signs, and integrate the new information with established knowledge, helping to build a next-generation SE lab without inner walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Picano
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Quirino Ciampi
- Cardiology Division, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Benevento, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Citro
- Heart Department, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, Salerno, Italy
| | - Antonello D’Andrea
- Division of Cardiology, Monaldi Hospital, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Scali
- Cardiology Department, Pisa University and Nottola (Siena) Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Fabio Mori
- Cardiology Department, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Maurizio Galderisi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Lorenza Pratali
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Eduardo Bossone
- Heart Department, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrara
- Heart Department, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, Salerno, Italy
| | - Luna Gargani
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fausto Rigo
- Division of Cardiology, Ospedale dell’Angelo Mestre-Venice, Mestre, Italy
| | - Nicola Gaibazzi
- Cardiology Department, Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Pacileo
- Division of Cardiology, Monaldi Hospital, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Bruno Pinamonti
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital “Ospedale Riuniti”, Trieste, Italy
| | - Laura Massa
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital “Ospedale Riuniti”, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco A. R. Torres
- Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Branko Beleslin
- Cardiology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Medical School, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Djordjevic-Dikic
- Cardiology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Medical School, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Albert Varga
- Institute of Family Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Palinkas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Elisabeth Hospital, Hodmezovasarhely, Hungary
| | - Gergely Agoston
- Institute of Family Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dario Gregori
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | - Ayana Arystan
- RSE, Medical Centre Hospital of the President’s Affairs Administration of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Marco Paterni
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Clara Carpeggiani
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Colonna
- Cardiology Hospital, Policlinico of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Andreassi MG, Piccaluga E, Guagliumi G, Del Greco M, Gaita F, Picano E. Occupational Health Risks in Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory Workers. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2016; 9:e003273. [PMID: 27072525 DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.115.003273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthopedic strain and radiation exposure are recognized risk factors in personnel staff performing fluoroscopically guided cardiovascular procedures. However, the potential occupational health effects are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of health problems among personnel staff working in interventional cardiology/cardiac electrophysiology and correlate them with the length of occupational radiation exposure. METHODS AND RESULTS We used a self-administered questionnaire to collect demographic information, work-related information, lifestyle-confounding factors, all current medications, and health status. A total number of 746 questionnaires were properly filled comprising 466 exposed staff (281 males; 44±9 years) and 280 unexposed subjects (179 males; 43±7years). Exposed personnel included 218 interventional cardiologists and electrophysiologists (168 males; 46±9 years); 191 nurses (76 males; 42±7 years), and 57 technicians (37 males; 40±12 years) working for a median of 10 years (quartiles: 5-24 years). Skin lesions (P=0.002), orthopedic illness (P<0.001), cataract (P=0.003), hypertension (P=0.02), and hypercholesterolemia (P<0.001) were all significantly higher in exposed versus nonexposed group, with a clear gradient unfavorable for physicians over technicians and nurses and for longer history of work (>16 years). In highly exposed physicians, adjusted odds ratio ranged from 1.7 for hypertension (95% confidence interval: 1-3; P=0.05), 2.9 for hypercholesterolemia (95% confidence interval: 1-5; P=0.004), 4.5 for cancer (95% confidence interval: 0.9-25; P=0.06), to 9 for cataract (95% confidence interval: 2-41; P=0.004). CONCLUSIONS Health problems are more frequently observed in workers performing fluoroscopically guided cardiovascular procedures than in unexposed controls, raising the need to spread the culture of safety in the cath laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Andreassi
- From the CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy (M.G.A., E. Picano); Cardiovascular Department, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital Milan, Milano Italy (E. Piccaluga); Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy (G.G.); Department of Cardiology, S. Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy (M.D.G.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, Torino, Italy (F.G.).
| | - Emanuela Piccaluga
- From the CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy (M.G.A., E. Picano); Cardiovascular Department, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital Milan, Milano Italy (E. Piccaluga); Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy (G.G.); Department of Cardiology, S. Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy (M.D.G.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, Torino, Italy (F.G.)
| | - Giulio Guagliumi
- From the CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy (M.G.A., E. Picano); Cardiovascular Department, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital Milan, Milano Italy (E. Piccaluga); Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy (G.G.); Department of Cardiology, S. Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy (M.D.G.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, Torino, Italy (F.G.)
| | - Maurizio Del Greco
- From the CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy (M.G.A., E. Picano); Cardiovascular Department, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital Milan, Milano Italy (E. Piccaluga); Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy (G.G.); Department of Cardiology, S. Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy (M.D.G.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, Torino, Italy (F.G.)
| | - Fiorenzo Gaita
- From the CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy (M.G.A., E. Picano); Cardiovascular Department, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital Milan, Milano Italy (E. Piccaluga); Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy (G.G.); Department of Cardiology, S. Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy (M.D.G.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, Torino, Italy (F.G.)
| | - Eugenio Picano
- From the CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy (M.G.A., E. Picano); Cardiovascular Department, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital Milan, Milano Italy (E. Piccaluga); Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy (G.G.); Department of Cardiology, S. Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy (M.D.G.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, Torino, Italy (F.G.)
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48
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Vecoli C, Montano L, Andreassi MG. Environmental pollutants: genetic damage and epigenetic changes in male germ cells. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:23339-23348. [PMID: 27672044 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7728-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
About a quarter of the human diseases occurs for exposure to air pollution. The male reproductive system, and especially spermatogenesis, seems to be particularly sensitive. As result, male infertility is increasing in industrial countries becoming a top priority for public health. In addition to psychological distress and economic constraints, poorer semen quality may have trans-generational effects including congenital malformations in the offspring and predispose to later onset adult diseases. Genetic and epigenetic alterations are involved in the failure of spermatogenesis. In this paper, we reviewed the major evidences of the effects of air pollutants on male infertility as well as the role of sperm DNA damage and epigenetic changes in affecting spermatogenesis. A better knowledge on the effects of air contaminants on the molecular mechanisms leading to infertility is of huge importance to help clinicians in identifying the cause of infertility but above all, in defining preventive and therapeutic protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Vecoli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology-CNR, via G.Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Luigi Montano
- Andrology Unit of the "San Francesco d'Assisi" Hospital - ASL Salerno, EcoFoodFertility Project Coordination Unit, via M. Clemente, 84020, Oliveto Citra, SA, Italy
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49
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Vecoli C, Pulignani S, Andreassi MG. Genetic and Epigenetic Mechanisms Linking Air Pollution and Congenital Heart Disease. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2016; 3:jcdd3040032. [PMID: 29367575 PMCID: PMC5715723 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd3040032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies strongly suggest that parental air pollutants exposure during the periconceptional period may play a major role in causing fetal/newborn malformations, including a frequent heterogeneity in the methods applied and a difficulty in estimating the clear effect of environmental toxicants. Moreover, only some couples exposed to toxicants during the pre-conception period give birth to a child with congenital anomalies. The reasons for such phenomena remain elusive but they can be explained by the individual, innate ability to metabolize these contaminants that eventually defines the ultimate dose of a biological active toxicant. In this paper, we reviewed the major evidence regarding the role of parental air pollutant exposure on congenital heart disease (CHD) risk as well as the modulating effect on detoxification systems. Finally, major epigenetic alterations induced by adverse environment contaminants have been revised as possible mechanisms altering a correct heart morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Vecoli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology-National Research Council (CNR), Via Moruzzi, 1 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Silvia Pulignani
- Institute of Clinical Physiology-National Research Council (CNR), Via Moruzzi, 1 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Maria Grazia Andreassi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology-National Research Council (CNR), Via Moruzzi, 1 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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50
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Stea F, Faita F, Borghini A, Faita F, Bianchi F, Bustaffa E, Minichilli F, Andreassi MG, Sicari R. Arsenic and subclinical vascular damage in a sample of Italian young adults: a cross-sectional analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:20307-20314. [PMID: 27448814 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7260-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to arsenic (As) increases cardiovascular risk. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between As and intima-media thickness (IMT) in the common carotid artery and common genetic variants in genes implicated in As metabolism (ASIIIMT Met287Thr, GSTT1+/-, and GSTM1+/-) and DNA repair (hOGG1 Ser326Cys and XRCC1 Arg399Ser). Two hundred and fourteen healthy volunteers, age 20-46, were recruited in four zones polluted by As. Urine samples were tested for total As, inorganic As (iAs), monomethylarsinic (MMA), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA). Primary and secondary methylation index (PMI, SMI) were computed as MMA/iAs and DMA/MMA. Common carotid artery scans were obtained by high-resolution ultrasound. There was no correlation between IMT and total As, iAs, iAs + MMA + DMA, PMI, or SMI. However, the increase of IMT with age was higher than that observed in the healthy population, both in males (6.25 vs. 5.20 μm/year) and, to a lesser extent, in females (5.05 vs. 4.97 μm/year). After correction for age and gender, subjects with a high urinary As level (≥3.86 μg/L) and carriers of the GSTT1-positive (+) genotype also had higher IMT than those with a low urinary level and the GSTT1-null (-) genotype (0.56 [0.48-0.64] vs. 0.53 [0.44-0.62] mm, p = 0.010). The analysis hints at faster vascular aging as compared to the healthy population. Our findings also suggested that GSTT1 and hOGG1 gene polymorphisms might play an important role in the individual risk of As-induced carotid atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Stea
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Faita
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Borghini
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Faita
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bianchi
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Bustaffa
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Rosa Sicari
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
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