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Ben-Hur S, Sernik S, Afar S, Kolpakova A, Politi Y, Gal L, Florentin A, Golani O, Sivan E, Dezorella N, Morgenstern D, Pietrokovski S, Schejter E, Yacobi-Sharon K, Arama E. Egg multivesicular bodies elicit an LC3-associated phagocytosis-like pathway to degrade paternal mitochondria after fertilization. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5715. [PMID: 38977659 PMCID: PMC11231261 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50041-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are maternally inherited, but the mechanisms underlying paternal mitochondrial elimination after fertilization are far less clear. Using Drosophila, we show that special egg-derived multivesicular body vesicles promote paternal mitochondrial elimination by activating an LC3-associated phagocytosis-like pathway, a cellular defense pathway commonly employed against invading microbes. Upon fertilization, these egg-derived vesicles form extended vesicular sheaths around the sperm flagellum, promoting degradation of the sperm mitochondrial derivative and plasma membrane. LC3-associated phagocytosis cascade of events, including recruitment of a Rubicon-based class III PI(3)K complex to the flagellum vesicular sheaths, its activation, and consequent recruitment of Atg8/LC3, are all required for paternal mitochondrial elimination. Finally, lysosomes fuse with strings of large vesicles derived from the flagellum vesicular sheaths and contain degrading fragments of the paternal mitochondrial derivative. Given reports showing that in some mammals, the paternal mitochondria are also decorated with Atg8/LC3 and surrounded by multivesicular bodies upon fertilization, our findings suggest that a similar pathway also mediates paternal mitochondrial elimination in other flagellated sperm-producing organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Ben-Hur
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shoshana Sernik
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sara Afar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alina Kolpakova
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoav Politi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Liron Gal
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anat Florentin
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofra Golani
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ehud Sivan
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nili Dezorella
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - David Morgenstern
- de Botton Institute for Protein Profiling, The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalised Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shmuel Pietrokovski
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eyal Schejter
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Keren Yacobi-Sharon
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eli Arama
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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Tuazon OM, Wickenheiser RA, Ansell R, Guerrini CJ, Zwenne GJ, Custers B. Law enforcement use of genetic genealogy databases in criminal investigations: Nomenclature, definition and scope. Forensic Sci Int Synerg 2024; 8:100460. [PMID: 38380276 PMCID: PMC10876674 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2024.100460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Although law enforcement use of commercial genetic genealogy databases has gained prominence since the arrest of the Golden State Killer in 2018, and it has been used in hundreds of cases in the United States and more recently in Europe and Australia, it does not have a standard nomenclature and scope. We analyzed the more common terms currently being used and propose a common nomenclature: investigative forensic genetic genealogy (iFGG). We define iFGG as the use by law enforcement of genetic genealogy combined with traditional genealogy to generate suspect investigational leads from forensic samples in criminal investigations. We describe iFGG as a proper subset of forensic genetic genealogy, that is, FGG as applied by law enforcement to criminal investigations; hence, investigative FGG or iFGG. We delineate its steps, compare and contrast it with other investigative techniques involving genetic evidence, and contextualize its use within criminal investigations. This characterization is a critical input to future studies regarding the legal status of iFGG and its implications on the right to genetic privacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver M. Tuazon
- Center for Law and Digital Technologies (eLaw), Institute for the Interdisciplinary Study of the Law, Leiden Law School, Leiden University, Kamerlingh Onnes Building, Steenschuur 25, 2311 ES, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ray A. Wickenheiser
- New York State Police Crime Laboratory System, Forensic Investigation Center, 1220 Washington Avenue, Building #30, Albany, NY, 12226-3000, USA
| | - Ricky Ansell
- Swedish Police Authority, National Forensic Centre, SE-581 94, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Christi J. Guerrini
- Baylor College of Medicine, Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Gerrit-Jan Zwenne
- Center for Law and Digital Technologies (eLaw), Institute for the Interdisciplinary Study of the Law, Leiden Law School, Leiden University, Kamerlingh Onnes Building, Steenschuur 25, 2311 ES, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Custers
- Center for Law and Digital Technologies (eLaw), Institute for the Interdisciplinary Study of the Law, Leiden Law School, Leiden University, Kamerlingh Onnes Building, Steenschuur 25, 2311 ES, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Abstract
In the course of its short history, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has made a long journey from obscurity to the forefront of research on major biological processes. mtDNA alterations have been found in all major disease groups, and their significance remains the subject of intense research. Despite remarkable progress, our understanding of the major aspects of mtDNA biology, such as its replication, damage, repair, transcription, maintenance, etc., is frustratingly limited. The path to better understanding mtDNA and its role in cells, however, remains torturous and not without errors, which sometimes leave a long trail of controversy behind them. This review aims to provide a brief summary of our current knowledge of mtDNA and highlight some of the controversies that require attention from the mitochondrial research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Shokolenko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pat Capps Covey College of Allied Health Professions, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Mikhail Alexeyev
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
- Correspondence:
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Leeflang HL, Van Dongen S, Helsen P. Mother’s curse on conservation: assessing the role of mtDNA in sex‐specific survival differences in ex‐situ breeding programs. Anim Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H. L. Leeflang
- Centre for Research and Conservation Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium
| | - S. Van Dongen
- Department of Biology Evolutionary Ecology Group University of Antwerp Wilrijk Belgium
| | - P. Helsen
- Centre for Research and Conservation Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium
- Department of Biology Evolutionary Ecology Group University of Antwerp Wilrijk Belgium
- Department of Biology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
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Contextualizing Autophagy during Gametogenesis and Preimplantation Embryonic Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126313. [PMID: 34204653 PMCID: PMC8231133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammals face environmental stressors throughout their lifespan, which may jeopardize cellular homeostasis. Hence, these organisms have acquired mechanisms to cope with stressors by sensing, repairing the damage, and reallocating resources to increase the odds of long-term survival. Autophagy is a pro-survival lysosome-mediated cytoplasm degradation pathway for organelle and macromolecule recycling. Furthermore, autophagy efflux increases, and this pathway becomes idiosyncratic depending upon developmental and environmental contexts. Mammalian germ cells and preimplantation embryos are attractive models for dissecting autophagy due to their metastable phenotypes during differentiation and exposure to varying environmental cues. The aim of this review is to explore autophagy during mammalian gametogenesis, fertilization and preimplantation embryonic development by contemplating its physiological role during development, under key stressors, and within the scope of assisted reproduction technologies.
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