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Dennison SR, Morton LH, Badiani K, Harris F, Phoenix DA. Bacterial susceptibility and resistance to modelin-5. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:8247-8263. [PMID: 37869970 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01007d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Modelin-5 (M5-NH2) killed Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a minimum lethal concentration (MLC) of 5.86 μM and strongly bound its cytoplasmic membrane (CM) with a Kd of 23.5 μM. The peptide adopted high levels of amphiphilic α-helical structure (75.0%) and penetrated the CM hydrophobic core (8.0 mN m-1). This insertion destabilised CM structure via increased lipid packing and decreased fluidity (ΔGmix < 0), which promoted high levels of lysis (84.1%) and P. aeruginosa cell death. M5-NH2 showed a very strong affinity (Kd = 3.5 μM) and very high levels of amphiphilic α-helical structure with cardiolipin membranes (96.0%,) which primarily drove the peptide's membranolytic action against P. aeruginosa. In contrast, M5-NH2 killed Staphylococcus aureus with an MLC of 147.6 μM and weakly bound its CM with a Kd of 117.6 μM, The peptide adopted low levels of amphiphilic α-helical structure (35.0%) and only penetrated the upper regions of the CM (3.3 mN m-1). This insertion stabilised CM structure via decreased lipid packing and increased fluidity (ΔGmix > 0) and promoted only low levels of lysis (24.3%). The insertion and lysis of the S. aureus CM by M5-NH2 showed a strong negative correlation with its lysyl phosphatidylglycerol (Lys-PG) content (R2 > 0.98). In combination, these data suggested that Lys-PG mediated mechanisms inhibited the membranolytic action of M5-NH2 against S. aureus, thereby rendering the organism resistant to the peptide. These results are discussed in relation to structure/function relationships of M5-NH2 and CM lipids that underpin bacterial susceptibility and resistance to the peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Dennison
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK.
| | - Leslie Hg Morton
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK.
| | - Kamal Badiani
- Pepceuticals Limited, 4 Feldspar Close, Warrens Park, Enderby, Leicestershire, LE19 4JS, UK
| | - Frederick Harris
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK.
| | - David A Phoenix
- Office of the Vice Chancellor, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK
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2
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Lath A, Santal AR, Kaur N, Kumari P, Singh NP. Anti-cancer peptides: their current trends in the development of peptide-based therapy and anti-tumor drugs. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022; 39:45-84. [PMID: 35699384 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2082157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Human cancer remains a cause of high mortality throughout the world. The conventional methods and therapies currently employed for treatment are followed by moderate-to-severe side effects. They have not generated curative results due to the ineffectiveness of treatments. Besides, the associated high costs, technical requirements, and cytotoxicity further characterize their limitations. Due to relatively higher presidencies, bioactive peptides with anti-cancer attributes have recently become treatment choices within the therapeutic arsenal. The peptides act as potential anti-cancer agents explicitly targeting tumor cells while being less toxic to normal cells. The anti-cancer peptides are isolated from various natural sources, exhibit high selectivity and high penetration efficiency, and could be quickly restructured. The therapeutic benefits of compatible anti-cancer peptides have contributed to the significant expansion of cancer treatment; albeit, the mechanisms by which bioactive peptides inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells remain unclear. This review will provide a framework for assessing anti-cancer peptides' structural and functional aspects. It shall provide appropriate information on their mode of action to support and strengthen efforts to improve cancer prevention. The article will mention the therapeutic health benefits of anti-cancer peptides. Their importance in clinical studies is elaborated for reducing cancer incidences and developing sustainable treatment models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Lath
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Anita Rani Santal
- Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Nameet Kaur
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Poonam Kumari
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Facility, CIL and UCIM, Punjab University, Chandigarh, Inida
| | - Nater Pal Singh
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
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3
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Bobkov D, Semenova S. Impact of lipid rafts on transient receptor potential channel activities. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:2034-2044. [PMID: 35014032 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily are cation channels that are expressed in nearly every mammalian cell type and respond as cellular sensors to various environmental stimuli. Light, pressure, osmolarity, temperature, and other stimuli can induce TRP calcium conductivity and correspondingly trigger many signaling processes in cells. Disruption of TRP channel activity, as a rule, harms cellular function. Despite numerous studies, the mechanisms of TRP channel regulation are not yet sufficiently clear, in part, because TRP channels are regulated by a broad set of ligands having diverse physical and chemical features. It is now known that some TRP members are located in membrane microdomains termed lipid rafts. Moreover, interaction between specific raft-associated lipids with channels may be a key regulation mechanism. This review examines recent findings related to the roles of lipid rafts in regulation of TRP channel activity. The mechanistic events of channel interactions with the main lipid raft constituent, cholesterol, are being clarified. Better understanding of mechanisms behind such interactions would help establish the key elements of TRP channel regulation and hence allow control of cellular responses to environmental stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila Bobkov
- Laboratory of Ionic Mechanisms of Cell Signaling, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Svetlana Semenova
- Laboratory of Ionic Mechanisms of Cell Signaling, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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4
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Kardani K, Bolhassani A. Antimicrobial/anticancer peptides: bioactive molecules and therapeutic agents. Immunotherapy 2021; 13:669-684. [PMID: 33878901 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2020-0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been known as host-defense peptides. These cationic and amphipathic peptides are relatively short (∼5-50 L-amino acids) with molecular weight less than 10 kDa. AMPs have various roles including immunomodulatory, angiogenic and antitumor activities. Anticancer peptides (ACPs) are a main subset of AMPs as a novel therapeutic approach against tumor cells. The physicochemical properties of the ACPs influence their cell penetration, stability and efficiency of targeting. Up to now, several databases and web servers for in silico prediction of AMPs/ACPs have been established prior to the lab analysis. The present review focuses on the recent advancement about AMPs/ACPs activities including their in silico prediction by computational tools and their potential applications as therapeutic agents especially in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimia Kardani
- Department of Hepatitis & AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Iranian Comprehensive Hemophilia Care Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis & AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Chiangjong W, Chutipongtanate S, Hongeng S. Anticancer peptide: Physicochemical property, functional aspect and trend in clinical application (Review). Int J Oncol 2020; 57:678-696. [PMID: 32705178 PMCID: PMC7384845 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is currently ineffectively treated using therapeutic drugs, and is also able to resist drug action, resulting in increased side effects following drug treatment. A novel therapeutic strategy against cancer cells is the use of anticancer peptides (ACPs). The physicochemical properties, amino acid composition and the addition of chemical groups on the ACP sequence influences their conformation, net charge and orientation of the secondary structure, leading to an effect on targeting specificity and ACP-cell interaction, as well as peptide penetrating capability, stability and efficacy. ACPs have been developed from both naturally occurring and modified peptides by substituting neutral or anionic amino acid residues with cationic amino acid residues, or by adding a chemical group. The modified peptides lead to an increase in the effectiveness of cancer therapy. Due to this effectiveness, ACPs have recently been improved to form drugs and vaccines, which have sequentially been evaluated in various phases of clinical trials. The development of the ACPs remains focused on generating newly modified ACPs for clinical application in order to decrease the incidence of new cancer cases and decrease the mortality rate. The present review could further facilitate the design of ACPs and increase efficacious ACP therapy in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wararat Chiangjong
- Pediatric Translational Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Somchai Chutipongtanate
- Pediatric Translational Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Suradej Hongeng
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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6
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Akimov SA, Molotkovsky RJ, Kuzmin PI, Galimzyanov TR, Batishchev OV. Continuum Models of Membrane Fusion: Evolution of the Theory. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3875. [PMID: 32485905 PMCID: PMC7312925 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Starting from fertilization, through tissue growth, hormone secretion, synaptic transmission, and sometimes morbid events of carcinogenesis and viral infections, membrane fusion regulates the whole life of high organisms. Despite that, a lot of fusion processes still lack well-established models and even a list of main actors. A merger of membranes requires their topological rearrangements controlled by elastic properties of a lipid bilayer. That is why continuum models based on theories of membrane elasticity are actively applied for the construction of physical models of membrane fusion. Started from the view on the membrane as a structureless film with postulated geometry of fusion intermediates, they developed along with experimental and computational techniques to a powerful tool for prediction of the whole process with molecular accuracy. In the present review, focusing on fusion processes occurring in eukaryotic cells, we scrutinize the history of these models, their evolution and complication, as well as open questions and remaining theoretical problems. We show that modern approaches in this field allow continuum models of membrane fusion to stand shoulder to shoulder with molecular dynamics simulations, and provide the deepest understanding of this process in multiple biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A. Akimov
- Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry, A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/4 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (R.J.M.); (P.I.K.); (T.R.G.); (O.V.B.)
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7
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Cholak E, Bugge K, Khondker A, Gauger K, Pedraz-Cuesta E, Pedersen ME, Bucciarelli S, Vestergaard B, Pedersen SF, Rheinstädter MC, Langkilde AE, Kragelund BB. Avidity within the N-terminal anchor drives α-synuclein membrane interaction and insertion. FASEB J 2020; 34:7462-7482. [PMID: 32277854 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000107r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the brain, α-synuclein (aSN) partitions between free unbound cytosolic and membrane bound forms modulating both its physiological and pathological role and complicating its study due to structural heterogeneity. Here, we use an interdisciplinary, synergistic approach to characterize the properties of aSN:lipid mixtures, isolated aSN:lipid co-structures, and aSN in mammalian cells. Enabled by the isolation of the membrane-bound state, we show that within the previously described N-terminal membrane anchor, membrane interaction relies both on an N-terminal tail (NTT) head group layer insertion of 14 residues and a folded-upon-binding helix at the membrane surface. Both binding events must be present; if, for example, the NTT insertion is lost, the membrane affinity of aSN is severely compromised and formation of aSN:lipid co-structures hampered. In mammalian cells, compromised cooperativity results in lowered membrane association. Thus, avidity within the N-terminal anchor couples N-terminal insertion and helical surface binding, which is crucial for aSN membrane interaction and cellular localization, and may affect membrane fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersoy Cholak
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine Bugge
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, The Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adree Khondker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kimmie Gauger
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elena Pedraz-Cuesta
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Saskia Bucciarelli
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Vestergaard
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine F Pedersen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Annette Eva Langkilde
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birthe B Kragelund
- Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, The Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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8
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Acquah C, Chan YW, Pan S, Agyei D, Udenigwe CC. Structure-informed separation of bioactive peptides. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12765. [PMID: 31353493 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The application of proteomic and peptidomic technologies for food-derived bioactive peptides is an emerging field in food sciences. These technologies include the use of separation tools coupled to a high-resolution spectrometric and bioinformatic tools for prediction, identification, sequencing, and characterization of peptides. To a large extent, one-dimensional separation technologies have been extensively used as a continuous tool under different optimized conditions for the identification and analysis of food peptides. However, most one-dimensional separation technologies are fraught with significant bottlenecks such as insufficient sensitivity and specificity limits for complex samples. To address this limitation, separation systems based on orthogonal, multidimensional principles, which allow for the coupling of more than one analytical separation tool with different operational principles, provide a higher separation power than one-dimensional separation tools. This review describes the structure-informed separation and purification of protein hydrolyzates to obtain peptides with desirable bioactivities. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Application of bioactive peptides in the formulation of functional foods, nutraceuticals, and therapeutic agents have increasingly gained scholarly and industrial attention. The bioactive peptides exist originally in protein sources and are only active after hydrolysis of the parent protein. Currently, several tools can be configured in one-dimensional or multidimensional systems for the separation and purification of protein hydrolyzates. The separations are informed by the structural properties such as the molecular weight, charge, hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity, and the solubility of peptides. This review provides a concise discussion on the commonly used analytical tools, their configurations, advantages and challenges in peptide separation. Emphasis is placed on how the structural properties of peptides assist in the separation and purification processes and the concomitant effect of the separation on peptide bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Acquah
- School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yi Wei Chan
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Sharadwata Pan
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Dominic Agyei
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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9
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Jaipuria G, Ukmar-Godec T, Zweckstetter M. Challenges and approaches to understand cholesterol-binding impact on membrane protein function: an NMR view. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:2137-2151. [PMID: 29520423 PMCID: PMC11105689 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2789-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Experimental evidence for a direct role of lipids in determining the structure, dynamics, and function of membrane proteins leads to the term 'functional lipids'. In particular, the sterol molecule cholesterol modulates the activity of many membrane proteins. The precise nature of cholesterol-binding sites and the consequences of modulation of local membrane micro-viscosity by cholesterol, however, is often unknown. Here, we review the current knowledge of the interaction of cholesterol with transmembrane proteins, with a special focus on structural aspects of the interaction derived from nuclear magnetic resonance approaches. We highlight examples of the importance of cholesterol modulation of membrane protein function, discuss the specificity of cholesterol binding, and review the proposed binding motifs from a molecular perspective. We conclude with a short perspective on what could be future trends in research efforts targeted towards a better understanding of cholesterol/membrane protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Jaipuria
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tina Ukmar-Godec
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Waldweg 33, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Zweckstetter
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Waldweg 33, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
- Department for NMR-Based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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10
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Hu K, Li W, Yu M, Sun C, Li Z. Investigation of Cellular Uptakes of the In-Tether Chiral-Center-Induced Helical Pentapeptides. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:2824-2827. [PMID: 27998077 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported that a precisely positioned in-tether chiral center can modulate backbone peptides' secondary structures, which provides an unbiased platform to evaluate peptides' biophysical properties solely imposed by secondary structure differences. In this work, we studied the cellular uptake efficiency and mechanism of epimer pairs of a panel of chirality-induced helical peptides (CIH peptides). Although the peptides' cellular uptake is a synergetic result of various factors, our results unambiguously indicate that helical content is an important factor for the cellular uptake of CIH peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Hu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University , Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University , Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Mengying Yu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University , Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Chengjie Sun
- Department of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University , Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Zigang Li
- Department of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University , Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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11
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Dennison SR, Morton LH, Harris F, Phoenix DA. Low pH Enhances the Action of Maximin H5 against Staphylococcus aureus and Helps Mediate Lysylated Phosphatidylglycerol-Induced Resistance. Biochemistry 2016; 55:3735-51. [PMID: 27336672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Maximin H5 (MH5) is an amphibian antimicrobial peptide specifically targeting Staphylococcus aureus. At pH 6, the peptide showed an improved ability to penetrate (ΔΠ = 6.2 mN m(-1)) and lyse (lysis = 48%) Staphylococcus aureus membrane mimics, which incorporated physiological levels of lysylated phosphatidylglycerol (Lys-PG, 60%), compared to that at pH 7 (ΔΠ = 5.6 mN m(-1) and lysis = 40% at pH 7) where levels of Lys-PG are lower (40%). The peptide therefore appears to have optimal function at pH levels known to be optimal for the organism's growth. MH5 killed S. aureus (minimum inhibitory concentration of 90 μM) via membranolytic mechanisms that involved the stabilization of α-helical structure (approximately 45-50%) and showed similarities to the "Carpet" mechanism based on its ability to increase the rigidity (Cs(-1) = 109.94 mN m(-1)) and thermodynamic stability (ΔGmix = -3.0) of physiologically relevant S. aureus membrane mimics at pH 6. On the basis of theoretical analysis, this mechanism might involve the use of a tilted peptide structure, and efficacy was noted to vary inversely with the Lys-PG content of S. aureus membrane mimics for each pH studied (R(2) ∼ 0.97), which led to the suggestion that under biologically relevant conditions, low pH helps mediate Lys-PG-induced resistance in S. aureus to MH5 antibacterial action. The peptide showed a lack of hemolytic activity (<2% hemolysis) and merits further investigation as a potential template for development as an antistaphylococcal agent in medically and biotechnically relevant areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Dennison
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire , Preston PR1 2HE, U.K
| | - Leslie Hg Morton
- School of Forensic and Investigative Science, University of Central Lancashire , Preston PR1 2HE, U.K
| | - Frederick Harris
- School of Forensic and Investigative Science, University of Central Lancashire , Preston PR1 2HE, U.K
| | - David A Phoenix
- School of Applied Science, London South Bank University , 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, U.K
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12
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Kyrychenko A. Using fluorescence for studies of biological membranes: a review. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2015; 3:042003. [DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/3/4/042003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Ros U, García-Sáez AJ. More Than a Pore: The Interplay of Pore-Forming Proteins and Lipid Membranes. J Membr Biol 2015; 248:545-61. [PMID: 26087906 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-015-9820-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Pore-forming proteins (PFPs) punch holes in their target cell membrane to alter their permeability. Permeabilization of lipid membranes by PFPs has received special attention to study the basic molecular mechanisms of protein insertion into membranes and the development of biotechnological tools. PFPs act through a general multi-step mechanism that involves (i) membrane partitioning, (ii) insertion into the hydrophobic core of the bilayer, (iii) oligomerization, and (iv) pore formation. Interestingly, PFPs and membranes show a dynamic interplay. As PFPs are usually produced as soluble proteins, they require a large conformational change for membrane insertion. Moreover, membrane structure is modified upon PFPs insertion. In this context, the toroidal pore model has been proposed to describe a pore architecture in which not only protein molecules but also lipids are directly involved in the structure. Here, we discuss how PFPs and lipids cooperate and remodel each other to achieve pore formation, and explore new evidences of protein-lipid pore structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uris Ros
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, Calle 25 # 455, Plaza de la Revolución, Havana, Cuba
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14
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Deleu M, Crowet JM, Nasir MN, Lins L. Complementary biophysical tools to investigate lipid specificity in the interaction between bioactive molecules and the plasma membrane: A review. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:3171-3190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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15
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Galatola R, Cruz A, Gómara MJ, Prat J, Alsina MA, Haro I, Pujol M. Surface behavior of peptides from E1 GBV-C protein: Interaction with anionic model membranes and importance in HIV-1 FP inhibition. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1848:392-407. [PMID: 25450346 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between a peptide sequence from GB virus C E1 protein (E1P8) and its structural analogs (E1P8-12), (E1P8-13), and (E1P8-21) with anionic lipid membranes (POPG vesicles and POPG, DPPG or DPPC/DPPG (2:1) monolayers) and their association with HIV-1 fusion peptide (HIV-1 FP) inhibition at the membrane level were studied using biophysical methods. All peptides showed surface activity but leakage experiments in vesicles as well as insertion kinetics in monolayers and lipid/peptide miscibility indicated a low level of interaction: neither E1P8 nor its analogs induced the release of vesicular content and the exclusion pressure values (πe) were clearly lower than the biological membrane pressure (24-30 mN m(-1)) and the HIV-1 FP (35 mN m(-1)). Miscibility was elucidated in terms of the additivity rule and excess free energy of mixing (GE). E1P8, E1P8-12 and E1P8-21 (but not E1P8-13) induced expansion of the POPG monolayer. The mixing process is not thermodynamically favored as the positive GE values indicate. To determine how E1 peptides interfere in the action of HIV-1 FP at the membrane level, mixed monolayers of HIV-1 FP/E1 peptides (2:1) and POPG were obtained. E1P8 and its derivative E1P8-21 showed the greatest HIV-1 FP inhibition. The LC-LE phase lipid behavior was morphologically examined via fluorescence microscopy (FM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Images revealed that the E1 peptides modify HIV-1 FP-lipid interaction. This fact may be attributed to a peptide/peptide interaction as indicated by AFM results. Finally, hemolysis assay demonstrated that E1 peptides inhibit HIV-1 FP activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Galatola
- Unit of Synthesis and Biomedical Application of Peptides, Department of Biomedical Chemistry, IQAC-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Cruz
- Dept. de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M J Gómara
- Unit of Synthesis and Biomedical Application of Peptides, Department of Biomedical Chemistry, IQAC-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Prat
- Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, CSIC-Associated Unit: Peptides and Proteins: Physicochemical Studies, IN2UB Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Unit of Synthesis and Biomedical Application of Peptides, Department of Biomedical Chemistry, IQAC-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M A Alsina
- Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, CSIC-Associated Unit: Peptides and Proteins: Physicochemical Studies, IN2UB Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Haro
- Unit of Synthesis and Biomedical Application of Peptides, Department of Biomedical Chemistry, IQAC-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Pujol
- Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, CSIC-Associated Unit: Peptides and Proteins: Physicochemical Studies, IN2UB Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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16
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Lhor M, Bernier SC, Horchani H, Bussières S, Cantin L, Desbat B, Salesse C. Comparison between the behavior of different hydrophobic peptides allowing membrane anchoring of proteins. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 207:223-39. [PMID: 24560216 PMCID: PMC4028306 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2014.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Membrane binding of proteins such as short chain dehydrogenase reductases or tail-anchored proteins relies on their N- and/or C-terminal hydrophobic transmembrane segment. In this review, we propose guidelines to characterize such hydrophobic peptide segments using spectroscopic and biophysical measurements. The secondary structure content of the C-terminal peptides of retinol dehydrogenase 8, RGS9-1 anchor protein, lecithin retinol acyl transferase, and of the N-terminal peptide of retinol dehydrogenase 11 has been deduced by prediction tools from their primary sequence as well as by using infrared or circular dichroism analyses. Depending on the solvent and the solubilization method, significant structural differences were observed, often involving α-helices. The helical structure of these peptides was found to be consistent with their presumed membrane binding. Langmuir monolayers have been used as membrane models to study lipid-peptide interactions. The values of maximum insertion pressure obtained for all peptides using a monolayer of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-ethanolamine (DOPE) are larger than the estimated lateral pressure of membranes, thus suggesting that they bind membranes. Polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy has been used to determine the structure and orientation of these peptides in the absence and in the presence of a DOPE monolayer. This lipid induced an increase or a decrease in the organization of the peptide secondary structure. Further measurements are necessary using other lipids to better understand the membrane interactions of these peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Lhor
- CUO-Recherche, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Département d'ophtalmologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada; Regroupement stratégique PROTEO, Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sarah C Bernier
- CUO-Recherche, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Département d'ophtalmologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada; Regroupement stratégique PROTEO, Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Habib Horchani
- CUO-Recherche, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Département d'ophtalmologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada; Regroupement stratégique PROTEO, Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sylvain Bussières
- CUO-Recherche, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Département d'ophtalmologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada; Regroupement stratégique PROTEO, Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Line Cantin
- CUO-Recherche, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Département d'ophtalmologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada; Regroupement stratégique PROTEO, Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Bernard Desbat
- CBMN-UMR 5248 CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, IPB, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Christian Salesse
- CUO-Recherche, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Département d'ophtalmologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada; Regroupement stratégique PROTEO, Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada.
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17
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Simunić J, Petrov D, Bouceba T, Kamech N, Benincasa M, Juretić D. Trichoplaxin - a new membrane-active antimicrobial peptide from placozoan cDNA. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:1430-8. [PMID: 24530880 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A method based on the use of signal peptide sequences from antimicrobial peptide (AMP) precursors was used to mine a placozoa expressed sequence tag database and identified a potential antimicrobial peptide from Trichoplax adhaerens. This peptide, with predicted sequence FFGRLKSVWSAVKHGWKAAKSR is the first AMP from a placozoan species, and was named trichoplaxin. It was chemically synthesized and its structural properties, biological activities and membrane selectivity were investigated. It adopts an α-helical structure in contact with membrane-like environments and is active against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial species (including MRSA), as well as yeasts from the Candida genus. The cytotoxic activity, as assessed by the haemolytic activity against rat erythrocytes, U937 cell permeabilization to propidium iodide and MCF7 cell mitochondrial activity, is significantly lower than the antimicrobial activity. In tests with membrane models, trichoplaxin shows high affinity for anionic prokaryote-like membranes with good fit in kinetic studies. Conversely, there is a low affinity for neutral eukaryote-like membranes and absence of a dose dependent response. With high selectivity for bacterial cells and no homologous sequence in the UniProt, trichoplaxin is a new potential lead compound for development of broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Simunić
- Faculty of Science, University of Split, Nikole Tesle 12, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Dražen Petrov
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tahar Bouceba
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie - UPMC, Plateforme d'Interactions Moléculaires, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, IBPS, 7 Quai Saint-Bernard, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Nédia Kamech
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie - UPMC, Equipe Biogenèse des signaux peptidiques, ER3, 7 Quai Saint-Bernard, Paris cedex 05, France; Biology of Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems (BOREA), UMR CNRS 7208 - UPMC - IRD207, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 7 rue Cuvier, CP32, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Monica Benincasa
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Davor Juretić
- Faculty of Science, University of Split, Nikole Tesle 12, 21000 Split, Croatia.
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18
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Alhakamy NA, Kaviratna A, Berkland CJ, Dhar P. Dynamic measurements of membrane insertion potential of synthetic cell penetrating peptides. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:15336-49. [PMID: 24294979 PMCID: PMC3918496 DOI: 10.1021/la403370p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been established as excellent candidates for mediating drug delivery into cells. When designing synthetic CPPs for drug delivery applications, it is important to understand their ability to penetrate the cell membrane. In this paper, anionic or zwitterionic phospholipid monolayers at the air-water interface are used as model cell membranes to monitor the membrane insertion potential of synthetic CPPs. The insertion potential of CPPs having different cationic and hydrophobic amino acids were recorded using a Langmuir monolayer approach that records peptide adsorption to model membranes. Fluorescence microscopy was used to visualize alterations in phospholipid packing due to peptide insertion. All CPPs had the highest penetration potential in the presence of anionic phospholipids. In addition, two of three amphiphilic CPPs inserted into zwitterionic phospholipids, but none of the hydrophilic CPPs did. All the CPPs studied induced disruptions in phospholipid packing and domain morphology, which were most pronounced for amphiphilic CPPs. Overall, small changes to amino acids and peptide sequences resulted in dramatically different insertion potentials and membrane reorganization. Designers of synthetic CPPs for efficient intracellular drug delivery should consider small nuances in CPP electrostatic and hydrophobic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA 66047
| | - Anubhav Kaviratna
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA 66047
| | - Cory J. Berkland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA 66047
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA 66047
| | - Prajnaparamita Dhar
- Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA 66047
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19
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Dony N, Crowet JM, Joris B, Brasseur R, Lins L. SAHBNET, an accessible surface-based elastic network: an application to membrane protein. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:11510-26. [PMID: 23722660 PMCID: PMC3709745 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140611510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular Dynamics is a method of choice for membrane simulations and the rising of coarse-grained forcefields has opened the way to longer simulations with reduced calculations times. Here, we present an elastic network, SAHBNET (Surface Accessibility Hydrogen-Bonds elastic NETwork), that will maintain the structure of soluble or membrane proteins based on the hydrogen bonds present in the atomistic structure and the proximity between buried residues. This network is applied on the coarse-grained beads defined by the MARTINI model, and was designed to be more physics-based than a simple elastic network. The SAHBNET model is evaluated against atomistic simulations, and compared with ELNEDYN models. The SAHBNET is then used to simulate two membrane proteins inserted in complex lipid bilayers. These bilayers are formed by self-assembly and the use of a modified version of the GROMACS tool genbox (which is accessible through the gcgs.gembloux.ulg.ac.be website). The results show that SAHBNET keeps the structure close to the atomistic one and is successfully used for the simulation of membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Dony
- Center of Protein Engineering, University of Liège, Institut de chimie B6a, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; E-Mails: (N.D.); (B.J.)
| | - Jean Marc Crowet
- Numerical Molecular Biophysics Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des déportés, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium; E-Mails: (J.M.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Bernard Joris
- Center of Protein Engineering, University of Liège, Institut de chimie B6a, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; E-Mails: (N.D.); (B.J.)
| | - Robert Brasseur
- Numerical Molecular Biophysics Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des déportés, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium; E-Mails: (J.M.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Laurence Lins
- Numerical Molecular Biophysics Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage des déportés, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium; E-Mails: (J.M.C.); (R.B.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +32-81-622-521; Fax: +32-81-622-522
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20
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Bechara C, Sagan S. Cell-penetrating peptides: 20 years later, where do we stand? FEBS Lett 2013; 587:1693-702. [PMID: 23669356 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 638] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Twenty years ago, the discovery of peptides able to cross cellular membranes launched a novel field in molecular delivery based on these non-invasive vectors, most commonly called cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) or protein transduction domains (PTDs). These peptides were shown to efficiently transport various biologically active molecules inside living cells, and thus are considered promising devices for medical and biotechnological developments. Moreover, CPPs emerged as potential tools to study the prime mechanisms of cellular entry across the plasma membrane. This review is dedicated to CPP fundamentals, with an emphasis on the molecular requirements and mechanism of their entry into eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chérine Bechara
- UPMC-Univ Paris 6, Laboratoire des BioMolecules, cc 182, UMR 7203 CNRS, ENS, Paris, France.
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21
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Raffaele S, Perraki A, Mongrand S. The Remorin C-terminal Anchor was shaped by convergent evolution among membrane binding domains. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2013; 8:e23207. [PMID: 23299327 PMCID: PMC3676492 DOI: 10.4161/psb.23207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
StREM1.3 Remorin is a well-established plant raftophilic protein, predominantly associated with sterol- and sphingolipid-rich membrane rafts. We recently identified a C-terminal domain (RemCA) required and sufficient for StREM1.3 anchoring to the plasma membrane. Here, we report a search for homologs and analogs of RemCA domain in publicly available protein sequence and structure databases. We could not identify RemCA homologous domains outside the Remorin family but we identified domains sharing bias in amino-acid composition and predicted structural fold with RemCA in bacterial, viral and animal proteins. These results suggest that RemCA emerged by convergent evolution among unrelated membrane binding domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Raffaele
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM); UMR441 INRA-CNRS; Castanet-Tolosan, France
- Correspondence to: Sylvain Raffaele,
| | - Artemis Perraki
- Laboratoire de Biogenese Membraniare; UMR 5200 CNRS; Université Bordeaux Segalen; INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine BP81; Villenave d'Ornon Cédex, France
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- Laboratoire de Biogenese Membraniare; UMR 5200 CNRS; Université Bordeaux Segalen; INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine BP81; Villenave d'Ornon Cédex, France
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22
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Fantini J, Barrantes FJ. How cholesterol interacts with membrane proteins: an exploration of cholesterol-binding sites including CRAC, CARC, and tilted domains. Front Physiol 2013; 4:31. [PMID: 23450735 PMCID: PMC3584320 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells contains several types of lipids displaying high biochemical variability in both their apolar moiety (e.g., the acyl chain of glycerolipids) and their polar head (e.g., the sugar structure of glycosphingolipids). Among these lipids, cholesterol is unique because its biochemical variability is almost exclusively restricted to the oxidation of its polar −OH group. Although generally considered the most rigid membrane lipid, cholesterol can adopt a broad range of conformations due to the flexibility of its isooctyl chain linked to the polycyclic sterane backbone. Moreover, cholesterol is an asymmetric molecule displaying a planar α face and a rough β face. Overall, these structural features open up a number of possible interactions between cholesterol and membrane lipids and proteins, consistent with the prominent regulatory functions that this unique lipid exerts on membrane components. The aim of this review is to describe how cholesterol interacts with membrane lipids and proteins at the molecular/atomic scale, with special emphasis on transmembrane domains of proteins containing either the consensus cholesterol-binding motifs CRAC and CARC or a tilted peptide. Despite their broad structural diversity, all these domains bind cholesterol through common molecular mechanisms, leading to the identification of a subset of amino acid residues that are overrepresented in both linear and three-dimensional membrane cholesterol-binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Fantini
- EA-4674, Interactions Moléculaires et Systèmes Membranaires, Aix-Marseille Université Marseille, France
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23
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Mura M, Dennison SR, Zvelindovsky AV, Phoenix DA. Aurein 2.3 functionality is supported by oblique orientated α-helical formation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2012; 1828:586-94. [PMID: 22960040 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an amphibian antimicrobial peptide, aurein 2.3, was predicted to use oblique orientated α-helix formation in its mechanism of membrane destabilisation. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulations and circular dichroism (CD) experimental data suggested that aurein 2.3 exists in solution as unstructured monomers and folds to form predominantly α-helical structures in the presence of a dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine membrane. MD showed that the peptide was highly surface active, which supported monolayer data where the peptide induced surface pressure changes>34 mNm(-1). In the presence of a lipid membrane MD simulations suggested that under hydrophobic mismatch the peptide is seen to insert via oblique orientation with a phenylalanine residue (PHE3) playing a key role in the membrane interaction. There is evidence of snorkelling leucine residues leading to further membrane disruption and supporting the high level of lysis observed using calcein release assays (76%). Simulations performed at higher peptide/lipid ratio show peptide cooperativity is key to increased efficiency leading to pore-formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Mura
- Computational Physics Group and Institute for nanotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
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24
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Walrant A, Vogel A, Correia I, Lequin O, Olausson BE, Desbat B, Sagan S, Alves ID. Membrane interactions of two arginine-rich peptides with different cell internalization capacities. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2012; 1818:1755-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Role of molecular architecture on the relative efficacy of aurein 2.5 and modelin 5. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2012; 1818:2094-102. [PMID: 22617856 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In order to gain an insight into the mechanism of antimicrobial peptide action, aurein 2.5 and modelin-5 were studied. When tested against Staphylococcus aureus, aurein 2.5 showed approximately 5-fold greater efficacy even though the higher net positive charge and higher helix stability shown by modelin-5 would have predicated modelin-5 to be the more effective antimicrobial. However, in the presence of S. aureus membrane mimics, aurein 2.5 showed greater helical content (75% helical) relative to modelin-5 (51% helical) indicative of increase in membrane association. This was supported by monolayer data showing that aurein 2.5 (6.6mNm(-1)) generated greater pressure changes than modelin-5 (5.3mNm(-1)). Peptide monolayers indicted that modelin-5 formed a helix horizontal to the plane of an asymmetric interface which would be supported by the even distribution of charge and hydrophobicity along the helical long axis and facilitate lysis by non-specific membrane binding. In contrast, a groove structure observed on the surface of aurein 2.5 was predicted to be the cause of enhanced lipid binding (K(d)=75μM) relative to modelin-5 (K(d)=118μM) and the balance of hydrophobicity along the aurein 2.5 long axis supported deep penetration into the membrane in a tilt formation. This oblique orientation generates greater lytic efficacy in high anionic lipid (71%) compared to modelin-5 (32%).
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26
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Song J, Kai M, Zhang W, Zhang J, Liu L, Zhang B, Liu X, Wang R. Cellular uptake of transportan 10 and its analogs in live cells: Selectivity and structure-activity relationship studies. Peptides 2011; 32:1934-41. [PMID: 21827806 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2011.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Transportan 10 (TP10) is an amphipathic cell-penetrating peptide with high translocation ability. In order to obtain more details of structure-activity relationship of TP10, we evaluated the effects of structure and charge on its translocation ability. Our results demonstrated that disrupting the helical structure or Arg substitution could remarkably decrease the cellular uptake of TP10. However, increasing the number of positive charge was an effective strategy to enhance translocation ability of TP10. Furthermore, the molecular dynamics simulation supported the results derived from experiments, suggesting that higher membrane disturbance leads to higher cellular uptake of peptides. In addition, our study also demonstrated TP10 and its analogs preferentially entered cancer cells rather than normal cells. The uptake selectivity toward cancer cells makes TP10 and its analogs as potent CPPs for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Song
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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27
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Fantini J, Carlus D, Yahi N. The fusogenic tilted peptide (67-78) of α-synuclein is a cholesterol binding domain. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2011; 1808:2343-51. [PMID: 21756873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease-associated α-synuclein is an amyloidogenic protein not only expressed in the cytoplasm of neurons, but also secreted in the extracellular space and internalized into glial cells through a lipid raft-dependent process. We previously showed that α-synuclein interacts with raft glycosphingolipids through a structural motif common to various viral and amyloidogenic proteins. Here we report that α-synuclein also interacts with cholesterol, as assessed by surface pressure measurements of cholesterol-containing monolayers. Using a panel of recombinant fragments and synthetic peptides, we identified two distinct cholesterol-binding domains in α-synuclein. One of these domains, which corresponds to the tilted peptide of α-synuclein (67-78), bound cholesterol with high affinity and was toxic for cultured astrocytes. Molecular modeling suggested that cholesterol binds to this peptide with a tilt angle of 46°. α-synuclein also contains a cholesterol recognition consensus motif, which had a lower affinity for cholesterol and was devoid of toxicity. This motif is encased in the glycosphingolipid-binding domain (34-45) of α-synuclein. In raft-like model membranes containing both cholesterol and glycosphingolipids, the head groups of glycosphingolipids prevented the accessibility of cholesterol to exogenous ligands. Nevertheless, cholesterol appeared to 'signal' its presence by tuning glycosphingolipid conformation, thereby facilitating α-synuclein binding to raft-like membranes. We propose that the association of α-synuclein with lipid rafts involves both the binding of α-synuclein (34-45) to glycosphingolipids, and the interaction of the fusogenic tilted peptide (67-78) with cholesterol. Coincidentally, a similar mechanism is used by viruses (HIV-1, HTLV-I, Ebola) which display a tilted peptide and fuse with host cell membranes through a sphingolipid/cholesterol-dependent process.
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28
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Desai P, Patlolla RR, Singh M. Interaction of nanoparticles and cell-penetrating peptides with skin for transdermal drug delivery. Mol Membr Biol 2011; 27:247-59. [PMID: 21028936 DOI: 10.3109/09687688.2010.522203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Topical or transdermal drug delivery is challenging because the skin acts as a natural and protective barrier. Therefore, several methods have been examined to increase the permeation of therapeutic molecules into and through the skin. One approach is to use the nanoparticulate delivery system. Starting with liposomes and other vesicular systems, several other types of nanosized drug carriers have been developed such as solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, polymer-based nanoparticles and magnetic nanoparticles for dermatological applications. This review article discusses how different particulate systems can interact and penetrate into the skin barrier. In this review, the effectiveness of nanoparticles, as well as possible mode of actions of nanoparticles, is presented. In addition to nanoparticles, cell-penetrating peptide (CPP)-mediated drug delivery into the skin and the possible mechanism of CPP-derived delivery into the skin is discussed. Lastly, the effectiveness and possible mechanism of CPP-modified nanocarriers into the skin are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinaki Desai
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA
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29
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Takechi Y, Yoshii H, Tanaka M, Kawakami T, Aimoto S, Saito H. Physicochemical mechanism for the enhanced ability of lipid membrane penetration of polyarginine. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:7099-7107. [PMID: 21526829 DOI: 10.1021/la200917y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Arginine-rich, cell-penetrating peptides (e.g., Tat-peptide, penetratin, and polyarginine) are used to carry therapeutic molecules such as oligonucleotides, DNA, peptides, and proteins across cell membranes. Two types of processes are being considered to cross the cell membranes: one is an endocytic pathway, and another is an energy-independent, nonendocytic pathway. However, the latter is still not known in detail. Here, we studied the effects of the chain length of polyarginine on its interaction with an anionic phospholipid large unilamellar vesicle (LUV) or a giant vesicle using poly-l-arginine composed of 69 (PLA69), 293 (PLA293), or 554 (PLA554) arginine residues, together with octaarginine (R8). ζ-potential measurements confirmed that polyarginine binds to LUV via electrostatic interactions. Circular dichroism analysis demonstrated that the transition from the random coil to the α-helix structure upon binding to LUV occurred for PLA293 and PLA554, whereas no structural change was observed for PLA69 and R8. Fluorescence studies using membrane probes revealed that the binding of polyarginine to LUV affects the hydration and packing of the membrane interface region, in which the degree of membrane insertion is greater for the longer polyarginine. Isothermal titration calorimetry measurements demonstrated that although the binding affinity (i.e., the Gibbs free energy of binding) per arginine residue is similar among all polyarginines the contribution of enthalpy to the energetics of binding of polyarginine increases with increasing polymer chain length. In addition, confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that all polyarginines penetrate across giant vesicle membranes, and the order of the amount of membrane penetration is R8 ≈ PLA69 < PLA293 ≈ PLA554. These results suggest that the formation of α-helical structure upon lipid binding drives the insertion of polyarginine into the membrane interior, which appears to enhance the membrane penetration of polyarginine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Takechi
- Institute of Health Biosciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
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El Kirat K, Morandat S, Dufrêne YF. Nanoscale analysis of supported lipid bilayers using atomic force microscopy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2010; 1798:750-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2009.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Revised: 07/17/2009] [Accepted: 07/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Sugawara M, Resende JM, Moraes CM, Marquette A, Chich J, Metz‐Boutigue M, Bechinger B. Membrane structure and interactions of human catestatin by multidimensional solution and solid‐state NMR spectroscopy. FASEB J 2010; 24:1737-46. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-142554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masae Sugawara
- Université de Strasbourg Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Strasbourg France
| | - Jarbas M. Resende
- Université de Strasbourg Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Strasbourg France
| | | | - Arnaud Marquette
- Université de Strasbourg Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Strasbourg France
| | - Jean‐Francois Chich
- INSERM U575 Physiopathologie du Système Nerveux Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | | | - Burkhard Bechinger
- Université de Strasbourg Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Strasbourg France
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Khafagy ES, Morishita M, Ida N, Nishio R, Isowa K, Takayama K. Structural requirements of penetratin absorption enhancement efficiency for insulin delivery. J Control Release 2010; 143:302-10. [PMID: 20096319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Penetratin, a 16-residue peptide, is used widely as a highly efficient delivery carrier for a wide range of poorly permeable therapeutic cargoes. The crucial structural features of penetratin remain unclear, as demonstrated by the difficulties encountered in designing new molecules. The efficiency in enhancing nasal insulin absorption was compared between l-penetratin and 20 of its analogues in rats. We also measured lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage as an indicator of cytotoxicity and scored the histopathological irritation. Substitution of a cationic residue (Arg or Lys) with Leu or addition of tetra-arginine to the C- or N-terminus of penetratin caused considerable reduction in the enhancing efficiency properties of the modified analogues. Mutual exchanging of Arg and Lys in corresponding analogues produced nearly inactive analogues, although changing Arg to Lys in the same analogue produced similar penetratin activity. In addition, activity was impaired markedly upon modification of penetratin within amphiphilic (Trp) or hydrophobic (Ile and Phe) residues. Chain size-modified analogues lacked the ability to induce nasal insulin absorption. In contrast, rearrangement of the modified analogues by C,N-half-exchange and reverse analogues produced activity similar to that of the original penetratin. The enhancing activity was inhibited almost completely upon sequence arrangement of the resulting analogues. Surprisingly, a shuffle (Arg, Lys fix) 2 analogue increased insulin absorption significantly, reaching a relative bioavailability value 1.85-times that of original penetratin. This analogue caused negligible release of LDH in nasal lavage fluid and maintained the integrity of the nasal respiratory epithelium. In conclusion, modulation of amino acid sequences by fixing the cationic residue positions can augment penetratin-enhanced nasal absorption and may lead to improvements in nasal insulin absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-Sayed Khafagy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
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Role of membranotropic sequences from herpes simplex virus type I glycoproteins B and H in the fusion process. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2010; 1798:579-91. [PMID: 20085747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2010.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Revised: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The entry of enveloped viruses involves attachment followed by close apposition of the viral and plasma membranes. Then, either on the cell surface or in an endocytotic vesicle, the two membranes fuse by an energetically unfavourable process requiring the destabilisation of membrane microenvironment in order to release the viral nucleocapsid into the cytoplasm. The core fusion machinery, conserved throughout the herpesvirus family, involves glycoprotein B (gB) and the non-covalently associated complex of glycoproteins H and L (gH/gL). Both gB and gH possess several hydrophobic domains necessary for efficient induction of fusion, and synthetic peptides corresponding to these regions are able to associate to membranes and induce fusion of artificial liposomes. Here, we describe the first application of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to the study of the interaction of viral membranotropic peptides with model membranes in order to enhance our molecular understanding of the mechanism of membrane fusion. SPR spectroscopy data are supported by tryptophan fluorescence, circular dichroism and electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR). We selected peptides from gB and gH and also analysed the behaviour of HIV gp41 fusion peptide and the cationic antimicrobial peptide melittin. The combined results of SPR and ESR showed a marked difference between the mode of action of the HSV peptides and the HIV fusion peptide compared to melittin, suggesting that viral-derived membrane interacting peptides all act via a similar mechanism, which is substantially different from that of the non-cell selective lytic peptide melittin.
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Bordag N, Keller S. α-Helical transmembrane peptides: A “Divide and Conquer” approach to membrane proteins. Chem Phys Lipids 2010; 163:1-26. [PMID: 19682979 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2009.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Revised: 07/21/2009] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Thomson R, Samanovic M, Raper J. Activity of trypanosome lytic factor: a novel component of innate immunity. Future Microbiol 2009; 4:789-96. [PMID: 19722834 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.09.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosome lytic factors (TLFs) are high-density lipoproteins and components of primate innate immunity. TLFs are characterized by their ability to kill extracellular protozoon parasites of the genus Trypanosoma. Two subspecies of Trypanosoma brucei have evolved resistance to TLFs and can consequently infect humans, resulting in the disease African sleeping sickness. The unique protein components of TLFs are a hemoglobin-binding protein, haptoglobin-related protein and a pore-forming protein, apoL-I. The recent advances in our understanding of the roles that these proteins play in the mechanism of TLF-mediated lysis are highlighted in this article. In light of recent data, which demonstrate that TLFs can ameliorate infection by the intracellular pathogen Leishmania, we also discuss the broader function of TLFs as components of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Thomson
- Medical Parasitology, New York University Langone Medical Center, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA.
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Hernández B, Pflüger F, Nsangou M, Ghomi M. Vibrational analysis of amino acids and short peptides in hydrated media. IV. Amino acids with hydrophobic side chains: L-alanine, L-valine, and L-isoleucine. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:3169-78. [PMID: 19708268 DOI: 10.1021/jp809204d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In the framework of our investigations on the analysis of vibrational spectra of amino acids (AAs) in hydrated media, Raman scattering and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) attenuated transmission reflectance (ATR) spectra of three alpha-amino acids with hydrophobic hydrocarbon side chains, i.e., alanine, valine, and isoleucine, were measured in H2O and D2O solutions. The present data complete those recently published by our group on glycine and leucine. This series of observed vibrational data gave us the opportunity to analyze the vibrational features of these amino acids in hydrated media by means of the density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/6-31++G* level. Harmonic vibrational modes calculated after geometry optimization on the clusters containing five water molecules interacting with H-donor and H-acceptor sites of amino acids are performed and allowed the observed main Raman and infrared bands to be assigned. Additional calculations on a cluster formed by leucine (L) and five water (W) molecules and the comparison of the obtained data with those recently published by our group on L+12W, allowed us to justify the number of hydration considered in the present report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Hernández
- Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire, Cellulaire et Tissulaire (BioMoCeTi), UMR CNRS 7033, UFR SMBH, Université Paris 13, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny cedex, France
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Dennison SR, Harris F, Bhatt T, Singh J, Phoenix DA. A theoretical analysis of secondary structural characteristics of anticancer peptides. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 333:129-35. [PMID: 19629645 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0213-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Here, cluster analysis showed that a database of 158 anticancer peptides formed 21 clusters based on net positive charge, hydrophobicity and amphiphilicity. In general, these clusters showed similar median toxicities (P = 0.176) against eukaryotic cell lines and no single combination of these properties was found optimal for efficacy. The database contained 14 peptides, which showed selectivity for tumour cell lines only (ACP(CT)), 123 peptides with general toxicity to eukaryotic cells (ACP(GT)) and 21 inactive peptides (ACP(I)). Hydrophobic arc size analysis showed that there was no significant difference across the datasets although peptides with wide hydrophobic arcs (>270 degrees) appeared to be associated with decreased toxicity. Extended hydrophobic moment plot analysis predicted that over 50% of ACP(CT) and ACP(GT) peptides would be surface active, which led to the suggestion that amphiphilicity is a key driver of the membrane interactions for these peptides but probably plays a role in their efficacy rather than their selectivity. This analysis also predicted that only 14% of ACP(CT) peptides compared to 45% of ACP(GT) peptides were candidates for tilted peptide formation, which led to the suggestion that the absence of this structure may support cancer cell selectivity. However, these analyses predicted that ACP(I) peptides, which possess no anticancer activity, would also form surface active and tilted alpha-helices, clearly showing that other factors are involved in determining the efficacy and selectivity of ACPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Dennison
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1-2HE, UK
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Polyansky AA, Vassilevski AA, Volynsky PE, Vorontsova OV, Samsonova OV, Egorova NS, Krylov NA, Feofanov AV, Arseniev AS, Grishin EV, Efremov RG. N-terminal amphipathic helix as a trigger of hemolytic activity in antimicrobial peptides: A case study in latarcins. FEBS Lett 2009; 583:2425-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2009] [Revised: 05/27/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Ganguly B, Srivastava DK. Influence of "Flexible" versus "Rigid" Nanoparticles on the Stability of Matrix Metalloproteinase-7. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2008; 4:457-462. [PMID: 19956790 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2008.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) is invariably expressed in a variety of cancer cells, and exhibits the potentials to interact with differently charged macromolecular surfaces 1. To ascertain whether the nature of the charge carrying surfaces influences the stability as well as catalytic properties of the enzyme, we compared the effects of differently charged lipid (representative of "flexible") and gold ("rigid") nanoparticles. The experimental data revealed that the catalytic activity of MMP-7 is impaired only by the positively charged lipid nanoparticles, and it remains unaffected by their negatively charged or neutral counterparts. On the other hand, both positively and negatively charged gold nanoparticles impair the enzyme activity with nearly equal potency; no significant influence of neutral gold nanoparticles was noted on the enzyme activity. Unlike lipid nanoparticles, the charged gold nanoparticles mediated effects were found to be manifested partially via the inactivation of the enzyme. Arguments are presented that both the "rigidity" as well as the surface curvature of the lipid ("flexible") vis a vis the gold ("rigid") nanoparticles are responsible for eliciting differential influence on the catalytic activity as well as the stability of MMP-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bratati Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105
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