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Khan MAH, Nolan B, Stavniichuk A, Merk D, Imig JD. Dual soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor - farnesoid X receptor agonist interventional treatment attenuates renal inflammation and fibrosis. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1269261. [PMID: 38235144 PMCID: PMC10791967 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1269261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Renal fibrosis associated with inflammation is a critical pathophysiological event in chronic kidney disease (CKD). We have developed DM509 which acts concurrently as a farnesoid X receptor agonist and a soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor and investigated DM509 efficacy as an interventional treatment using the unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mouse model. Methods Male mice went through either UUO or sham surgery. Interventional DM509 treatment (10mg/kg/d) was started three days after UUO induction and continued for 7 days. Plasma and kidney tissue were collected at the end of the experimental protocol. Results UUO mice demonstrated marked renal fibrosis with higher kidney hydroxyproline content and collagen positive area. Interventional DM509 treatment reduced hydroxyproline content by 41% and collagen positive area by 65%. Renal inflammation was evident in UUO mice with elevated MCP-1, CD45-positive immune cell positive infiltration, and profibrotic inflammatory gene expression. DM509 treatment reduced renal inflammation in UUO mice. Renal fibrosis in UUO was associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and DM509 treatment reduced EMT. UUO mice also had tubular epithelial barrier injury with increased renal KIM-1, NGAL expression. DM509 reduced tubular injury markers by 25-50% and maintained tubular epithelial integrity in UUO mice. Vascular inflammation was evident in UUO mice with 9 to 20-fold higher ICAM and VCAM gene expression which was reduced by 40-50% with DM509 treatment. Peritubular vascular density was reduced by 35% in UUO mice and DM509 prevented vascular loss. Discussion Interventional treatment with DM509 reduced renal fibrosis and inflammation in UUO mice demonstrating that DM509 is a promising drug that combats renal epithelial and vascular pathological events associated with progression of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Abdul Hye Khan
- Drug Discovery Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Benjamin Nolan
- Drug Discovery Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Anna Stavniichuk
- Drug Discovery Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Daniel Merk
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - John D. Imig
- Drug Discovery Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
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Hagelaars MJ, Yousef Yengej FA, Verhaar MC, Rookmaaker MB, Loerakker S, Bouten CVC. Substrate Stiffness Determines the Establishment of Apical-Basal Polarization in Renal Epithelial Cells but Not in Tubuloid-Derived Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:820930. [PMID: 35299632 PMCID: PMC8923587 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.820930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical guidance of tissue morphogenesis is an emerging method of regenerative medicine that can be employed to steer functional kidney architecture for the purpose of bioartificial kidney design or renal tissue engineering strategies. In kidney morphogenesis, apical-basal polarization of renal epithelial cells is paramount for tubule formation and subsequent tissue functions like excretion and resorption. In kidney epithelium, polarization is initiated by integrin-mediated cell-matrix adhesion at the cell membrane. Cellular mechanobiology research has indicated that this integrin-mediated adhesion is responsive to matrix stiffness, raising the possibility to use matrix stiffness as a handle to steer cell polarization. Herein, we evaluate apical-basal polarization in response to 2D substates of different stiffness (1, 10, 50 kPa and glass) in Madin Darby Canine Kidney cells (MDCKs), a classic canine-derived cell model of epithelial polarization, and in tubuloid-derived cells, established from human primary cells derived from adult kidney tissue. Our results show that sub-physiological (1 kPa) substrate stiffness with low integrin-based adhesion induces polarization in MDCKs, while MDCKs on supraphysiological (>10 kPa) stiffness remain unpolarized. Inhibition of integrin, indeed, allows for polarization on the supraphysiological substrates, suggesting that increased cellular adhesion on stiff substrates opposes polarization. In contrast, tubuloid-derived cells do not establish apical-basal polarization on 2D substrates, irrespective of substrate stiffness, despite their ability to polarize in 3D environments. Further analysis implies that the 2D cultured tubuloid-derived cells have a diminished mechanosensitive capacity when presented with different substrate stiffnesses due to immature focal adhesions and the absence of a connection between focal adhesions and the cytoskeleton. Overall, this study demonstrates that apical-basal polarization is a complex process, where cell type, the extracellular environment, and both the mechanical and chemical aspects in cell-matrix interactions performed by integrins play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Hagelaars
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Fjodor A. Yousef Yengej
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marianne C. Verhaar
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Maarten B. Rookmaaker
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sandra Loerakker
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Carlijn V. C. Bouten
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Carlijn V. C. Bouten,
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Exploring Banana phytosterols (Beta-sitosterol) on tight junction protein (claudin) as anti-urolithiasis contributor in Drosophila: A phyto-lithomic approach. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2022.100905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Neonatal Hyperoxia Downregulates Claudin-4, Occludin, and ZO-1 Expression in Rat Kidney Accompanied by Impaired Proximal Tubular Development. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2641461. [PMID: 33343804 PMCID: PMC7725566 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2641461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hyperoxia is essential to manage in preterm infants but causes injury to immature kidney. Previous study indicates that hyperoxia causes oxidative damage to neonatal kidney and impairs renal development. However, the underlying mechanisms by which neonatal hyperoxia effects on immature kidney still need to be elucidated. Tight junction, among which the representative proteins are claudin-4, occludin, and ZO-1, plays a crucial role in nephrogenesis and maintaining renal function. Inflammatory cytokines are involved in the pleiotropic regulation of tight junction proteins. Here, we investigated how neonatal hyperoxia affected the expression of key tight junction proteins and inflammatory factors (IL-6 and TNF-α) in the developing rat kidneys and elucidated their correlation with renal injury. We found claudin-4, occludin, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) expression in proximal tubules was significantly downregulated after neonatal hyperoxia. The expression of these tight junction proteins was positively correlated with that of IL-6 and TNF-α, while claudin-4 expression was positively correlated with injury score of proximal tubules in mature kidneys. These findings indicated that impaired expression of tight junction proteins in kidney might be a potential mechanism of hyperoxia-induced nephrogenic disorders. It provides new insights to further study oxidative renal injury and development disorders and will be helpful for seeking potential therapeutics for hyperoxia-induced renal injury in the future.
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5
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Wang Y, Zhao H, Nie X, Guo M, Jiang G, Xing M. Zinc application alleviates the adverse renal effects of arsenic stress in a protein quality control way in common carp. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 191:110063. [PMID: 32818499 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The potential antagonistic mechanism between zinc (Zn) and arsenic (As) on renal toxicity was investigated in common carp. The results showed that by increased Zn efflux and retention (as reflected by zinc transporter 1 (ZnT-1), Zrt- and Irt- 1ike protein (ZIP) and metallothionein (MT) expression), Zn co-administration significantly recovered the antioxidant function (catalase, CAT) and the level of renal barrier function (Occludin, Claudins and Zonula Occludens) in comparison to As treatment. Interestingly, Zn co-administration with As resulted in carps undergoing reduction of heat shock response (HSPs), a low induction of autophagy flux (Beclin-1, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and sequestosome 1 (P62)) and decreased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (activating transcription factor 6 (ATF-6), inositol requiring-1α (IRE1) and PKR-like ER kinase (PERK)) in the aspect of mRNA or protein levels. All these alleviated protein quality control processes induced by Zn under As stress was correlated with the no longer loosen tight connection, less swollen endoplasmic reticulum as well as reduced formation of autophagosomes and autophagic vesicles. Mechanically, post-transcriptional regulated protein quantities compromising phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway was demonstrated true causative forces inside the cell for Zn against As poisoning. In conclusion, we suggested the potential renal protective effect of Zn supplementation against As exposure by the modulation of protein quality control processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China.
| | - Hongjing Zhao
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China.
| | - Xiaopan Nie
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Menghao Guo
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Guangshun Jiang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China.
| | - Mingwei Xing
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China.
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Li X, Ahmad US, Huang Y, Uttagomol J, Rehman A, Zhou K, Warnes G, McArthur S, Parkinson EK, Wan H. Desmoglein-3 acts as a pro-survival protein by suppressing reactive oxygen species and doming whilst augmenting the tight junctions in MDCK cells. Mech Ageing Dev 2019; 184:111174. [PMID: 31678215 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2019.111174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Kidney disease prevalence increases with age, with a common feature of the disease being defects in the epithelial tight junctions. Emerging evidence suggests that the desmosomal adhesion protein Desmoglein-3 (Dsg3) functions beyond the desmosomal adhesion and plays a role in regulating the fundamental pathways that govern cell fate decisions in response to environmental chemical and mechanical stresses. In this study, we explored the role of Dsg3 on dome formation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) in MDCK cells, a kidney epithelial cell model widely used to study cell differentiation and tight junction formation and integrity. We show that overexpression of Dsg3 constrained nuclear ROS production and cellular doming in confluent cell cultures and these features coincided with augmented TER and enhanced tight junction integrity. Conversely, cells expressing dominant-negative Dsg3ΔC mutants exhibited heightened ROS production and accelerated doming, accompanied by increased apoptosis, as well as cell proliferation, with massive disruption in F-actin organization and accumulation, and alterations in tight junctions. Inhibition of actin polymerization and protein synthesis was able to sufficiently block dome formation in mutant populations. Taken together, these findings underscore that Dsg3 has a role in controlling cellular viability and differentiation as well as the functional integrity of tight junctions in MDCK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Centre for Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Usama Sharif Ahmad
- Centre for Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Yunying Huang
- Centre for Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Jutamas Uttagomol
- Centre for Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Ambreen Rehman
- Centre for Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Ke Zhou
- CB Joint MHNCRL, Hospital and School of Stomatology, Guizhou Medical University, China
| | - Gary Warnes
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon McArthur
- Centre for Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Kenneth Parkinson
- Centre for Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - H Wan
- Centre for Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom.
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Baig MS, Kolasa-Wołosiuk A, Pilutin A, Safranow K, Baranowska-Bosiacka I, Kabat-Koperska J, Wiszniewska B. Finasteride-Induced Inhibition of 5α-Reductase Type 2 Could Lead to Kidney Damage-Animal, Experimental Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16101726. [PMID: 31100850 PMCID: PMC6572442 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16101726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the pharmacological treatment of prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia and androgenetic alopecia finasteride is commonly used. This drug inhibits 5α-reductase type 2, which is why finasteride affects androgen homeostasis, since testosterone (T) cannot be reduced to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). As studies on sex-related renal injuries suggest a high probability of androgen-induced renal dysfunction, the aim of this study was to determine the potential harmful effects of finasteride on the kidneys of rats. The study was performed on sexually mature male Wistar rats given finasteride. Histological sections of the kidneys were used for immunohistochemical visualization of the androgen receptor (AR), junctional proteins (occluding (Occ); E-cad, N-cad, E-/N-cadherin; β-cat, β-catenin; connexin 43 (Cx43)), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), IL-6, and lymphocyte markers (CD3 for T cell, CD19 for B cell). The TUNEL method was used for cell apoptosis identification, and picro sirius red staining was used to assess collagen fibers thickness. The levels of T, DHT and estradiol (E2) were determined in blood serum. It was shown that finasteride treatment affected steroid hormone homeostasis, altered the expression of AR and intracellular junction proteins, changed the ratio between cell apoptosis and proliferation, and caused lymphocyte infiltration and an increase of IL-6. The thickening of collagen fibers was observed as tubular fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis. Summarizing, finasteride-induced hormonal imbalance impaired the morphology (i.e., dysplastic glomeruli, swollen proximal convoluted tubules) and physiology (changed level of detected proteins/markers expression) of the kidneys. Therefore, it is suggested that patients with renal dysfunction or following renal transplantation, with androgen or antiandrogen supplementation, should be under special control and covered by extended diagnostics, because the adverse negative effect of DHT deficiency on the progression of kidney disease cannot be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Saim Baig
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powst. Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Kolasa-Wołosiuk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powst. Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Anna Pilutin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powst. Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Safranow
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powst. Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powst. Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Joanna Kabat-Koperska
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine Pomeranian Medical University, Powst. Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Barbara Wiszniewska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powst. Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
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Hossain MA, Asa TA, Rahman MR, Moni MA. Network-based approach to identify key candidate genes and pathways shared by thyroid cancer and chronic kidney disease. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2019.100240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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9
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Hajal C, Campisi M, Mattu C, Chiono V, Kamm RD. In vitro models of molecular and nano-particle transport across the blood-brain barrier. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2018; 12:042213. [PMID: 29887937 PMCID: PMC5980570 DOI: 10.1063/1.5027118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the tightest endothelial barrier in humans. Characterized by the presence of tight endothelial junctions and adherens junctions, the primary function of the BBB is to maintain brain homeostasis through the control of solute transit across the barrier. The specific features of this barrier make for unique modes of transport of solutes, nanoparticles, and cells across the BBB. Understanding the different routes of traffic adopted by each of these is therefore critical in the development of targeted therapies. In an attempt to move towards controlled experimental assays, multiple groups are now opting for the use of microfluidic systems. A comprehensive understanding of bio-transport processes across the BBB in microfluidic devices is therefore necessary to develop targeted and efficient therapies for a host of diseases ranging from neurological disorders to the spread of metastases in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Hajal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Technology Square, MIT Building, Room NE47-321, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - Clara Mattu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Chiono
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | - Roger D. Kamm
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
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Soo JYC, Jansen J, Masereeuw R, Little MH. Advances in predictive in vitro models of drug-induced nephrotoxicity. Nat Rev Nephrol 2018; 14:378-393. [PMID: 29626199 PMCID: PMC6013592 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-018-0003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In vitro screens for nephrotoxicity are currently poorly predictive of toxicity in humans. Although the functional proteins that are expressed by nephron tubules and mediate drug susceptibility are well known, current in vitro cellular models poorly replicate both the morphology and the function of kidney tubules and therefore fail to demonstrate injury responses to drugs that would be nephrotoxic in vivo. Advances in protocols to enable the directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into multiple renal cell types and the development of microfluidic and 3D culture systems have opened a range of potential new platforms for evaluating drug nephrotoxicity. Many of the new in vitro culture systems have been characterized by the expression and function of transporters, enzymes, and other functional proteins that are expressed by the kidney and have been implicated in drug-induced renal injury. In vitro platforms that express these proteins and exhibit molecular biomarkers that have been used as readouts of injury demonstrate improved functional maturity compared with static 2D cultures and represent an opportunity to model injury to renal cell types that have hitherto received little attention. As nephrotoxicity screening platforms become more physiologically relevant, they will facilitate the development of safer drugs and improved clinical management of nephrotoxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Y-C Soo
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jitske Jansen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Melissa H Little
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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Luo PL, Wang YJ, Yang YY, Yang JJ. Hypoxia-induced hyperpermeability of rat glomerular endothelial cells involves HIF-2α mediated changes in the expression of occludin and ZO-1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 51:e6201. [PMID: 29791586 PMCID: PMC5972023 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20186201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the role of hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α) in the expression of tight junction proteins and permeability alterations in rat glomerular endothelial cells (rGENCs) under hypoxia conditions. The expression level of HIF-2α and tight junction proteins (occludin and ZO-1) in rGENCs were examined following 5% oxygen density exposure at different treatment times. HIF-2α lentivirus transfection was used to knockdown HIF-2α expression. Cells were divided into four groups: 1) control group (rGENCs were cultured under normal oxygen conditions), 2) hypoxia group (rGENCs were cultured under hypoxic conditions), 3) negative control group (rGENCs were infected with HIF-2α lentivirus negative control vectors and cultured under hypoxic conditions), and 4) Len group (rGENCs were transfected with HIF-2α lentivirus and cultured under hypoxic conditions). The hypoxia, negative control, and Len groups were kept in a hypoxic chamber (5% O2, 5% CO2, and 90% N2) for 24 h and the total content of occludin and ZO-1, and the permeability of rGENCs were assessed. With increasing hypoxia time, the expression of HIF-2α gradually increased, while the expression of occludin decreased, with a significant difference between groups. ZO-1 expression gradually decreased under hypoxia conditions, but the difference between the 24 and 48 h groups was not significant. The permeability of cells increased following 24-h exposure to hypoxia compared to the control group (P<0.01). The knockdown of HIF-2α expression significantly increased occludin and ZO-1 content compared with hypoxia and negative control groups (P<0.01), while permeability was reduced (P<0.01). Hypoxia increased HIF-2α content, inducing permeability of rGENCs through the reduced expression of occludin and ZO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Li Luo
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yan-Jun Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yan-Yan Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Jia-Jia Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
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Liu TH, Chung RH, Wang SC, Fang CP, Tsou HH, Shih CL, Kuo HW, Wang Y, Liu YL. Missense mutation at CLDN8 associated with a high plasma interferon gamma-inducible protein 10 level in methadone-maintained patients with urine test positive for morphine. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187639. [PMID: 29145422 PMCID: PMC5690676 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported a high plasma chemokine interferon gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) level and prolonged electrocardiography QT-interval in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) patients with HIV or HCV infection. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the genetic association of high plasma IP-10 level in the MMT patients. The gene-based and pathway-based association analyses were conducted using a genome-wide association study dataset in 344 MMT patients for identifying genes and pathways associated with plasma IP-10 level. We found that plasma IP-10 level was significantly associated with a pathway in the tight junction (P = 1.01x10-5), where the claudin 8 (CLDN8) gene had the most significant association (P = 6.8x10-5). A functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs686364 at exon 1 of CLDN8 showed strong association with plasma IP-10 levels, in the MMT subjects with positive urine test for morphine (dominant model, P = 0.00004). The minor allele type carriers had higher plasma IP-10 levels than the major allele type carriers. Our data support that the tight junction protein claudin 8 exon 1 is a predictor for the plasma levels of IP-10 in MMT patients with urine test positive for morphine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Hsia Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Hua Chung
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chang Wang
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Ping Fang
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Hui Tsou
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lung Shih
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Wei Kuo
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yun Wang
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Li Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Ahn C, Shin DH, Lee D, Kang SM, Seok JH, Kang HY, Jeung EB. Expression of claudins, occludin, junction adhesion molecule A and zona occludens 1 in canine organs. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:3697-703. [PMID: 27600198 PMCID: PMC5042783 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions are the outermost structures of intercellular junctions and are classified as transmembrane proteins. These factors form selective permeability barriers between cells, act as paracellular transporters and regulate structural and functional polarity of cells. Although tight junctions have been previously studied, comparison of the transcriptional-translational levels of these molecules in canine organs remains to be investigated. In the present study, organ-specific expression of the tight junction proteins, claudin, occludin, junction adhesion molecule A and zona occludens 1 was examined in the canine duodenum, lung, liver and kidney. Results of immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated that the tight junctions were localized in intestinal villi and glands of the duodenum, bronchiolar epithelia and alveolar walls of the lung, endometrium and myometrium of the hepatocytes, and the distal tubules and glomeruli of the kidney. These results suggest that tight junctions are differently expressed in organs, and therefore may be involved in organ-specific functions to maintain physiological homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhwan Ahn
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Hye Shin
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongoh Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Myung Kang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hyung Seok
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Young Kang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Bae Jeung
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
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Martovetsky G, Bush KT, Nigam SK. Kidney versus Liver Specification of SLC and ABC Drug Transporters, Tight Junction Molecules, and Biomarkers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 44:1050-60. [PMID: 27044799 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.068254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The hepatocyte nuclear factors, Hnf1a and Hnf4a, in addition to playing key roles in determining hepatocyte fate, have been implicated as candidate lineage-determining transcription factors in the kidney proximal tubule (PT) [Martovetsky et. al., (2012) Mol Pharmacol 84:808], implying an additional level of regulation that is potentially important in developmental and/or tissue-engineering contexts. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) transduced with Hnf1a and Hnf4a form tight junctions and express multiple PT drug transporters (e.g., Slc22a6/Oat1, Slc47a1/Mate1, Slc22a12/Urat1, Abcg2/Bcrp, Abcc2/Mrp2, Abcc4/Mrp4), nutrient transporters (e.g., Slc34a1/NaPi-2, Slco1a6), and tight junction proteins (occludin, claudin 6, ZO-1/Tjp1, ZO-2/Tjp2). In contrast, the coexpression (with Hnf1a and Hnf4a) of GATA binding protein 4 (Gata4), as well as the forkhead box transcription factors, Foxa2 and Foxa3, in MEFs not only downregulates PT markers but also leads to upregulation of several hepatocyte markers, including albumin, apolipoprotein, and transferrin. A similar result was obtained with primary mouse PT cells. Thus, the presence of Gata4 and Foxa2/Foxa3 appears to alter the effect of Hnf1a and Hnf4a by an as-yet unidentified mechanism, leading toward the generation of more hepatocyte-like cells as opposed to cells exhibiting PT characteristics. The different roles of Hnf4a in the kidney and liver was further supported by reanalysis of ChIP-seq data, which revealed Hnf4a colocalization in the kidney near PT-enriched genes compared with those genes enriched in the liver. These findings provide valuable insight, not only into the developmental, and perhaps organotypic, regulation of drug transporters, drug-metabolizing enzymes, and tight junctions, but also for regenerative medicine strategies aimed at restoring the function of the liver and/or kidney (acute kidney injury, AKI; chronic kidney disease, CKD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleb Martovetsky
- Department of Pediatrics (G.M., K.T.B., S.K.N.), Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, (S.K.N.), and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (S.K.N.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Kevin T Bush
- Department of Pediatrics (G.M., K.T.B., S.K.N.), Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, (S.K.N.), and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (S.K.N.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Sanjay K Nigam
- Department of Pediatrics (G.M., K.T.B., S.K.N.), Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, (S.K.N.), and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (S.K.N.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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15
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McKee R, Gerlach GF, Jou J, Cheng CN, Wingert RA. Temporal and spatial expression of tight junction genes during zebrafish pronephros development. Gene Expr Patterns 2014; 16:104-13. [PMID: 25460834 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The kidney is comprised of nephrons - epithelial tubes with specialized segments that reabsorb and secrete solutes, perform osmoregulation, and produce urine. Different nephron segments exhibit unique combinations of ion channels, transporter proteins, and cell junction proteins that govern permeability between neighboring cells. The zebrafish pronephros is a valuable model to study the mechanisms of vertebrate nephrogenesis, but many basic features of segment gene expression in renal progenitors and mature nephrons have not been characterized. Here, we analyzed the temporal and spatial expression pattern of tight junction components during zebrafish kidney ontogeny. During nephrogenesis, renal progenitors show discrete expression domains of claudin (cldn) 15a, cldn8, occludin (ocln) a, oclnb, tight junction protein (tjp) 2a, tjp2b, and tjp3. Interestingly, transcripts encoding these genes exhibit dynamic spatiotemporal domains during the time when pronephros segment domains are established. These data provide a useful gene expression map of cell junction components during zebrafish nephrogenesis. As such, this information complements the existing molecular map of nephron segment characteristics, and can be used to characterize kidney development mutants as well as various disease models, in addition to aiding in the elucidation of mechanisms governing epithelial regeneration after acute nephron injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert McKee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Zebrafish Research, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Gary F Gerlach
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Zebrafish Research, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Jonathan Jou
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Zebrafish Research, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Christina N Cheng
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Zebrafish Research, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Rebecca A Wingert
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Zebrafish Research, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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16
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Abstract
Magnesium's most important role is in the release of chemical energy. Although most magnesium is stored outside of the extracellular fluid compartment, the regulated value is blood magnesium concentration. Cellular magnesium and bone magnesium do not play a major role in the defense of blood magnesium concentration; the major role is played by the kidney, where the renal tubule matches the urinary magnesium excretion and the net entry of magnesium into the extracellular fluid. In the kidney, magnesium is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule, the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, and the distal convoluted tubule. Magnesium absorption is mainly paracellular in the proximal tubule and in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, whereas it is transcellular in the distal convoluted tubule. Several hormones and extracellular magnesium itself alter the distal tubular handling of magnesium, but the hormone(s) regulating extracellular magnesium concentration remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Houillier
- Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, F-75006 Paris, France
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17
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Li X, Iida M, Tada M, Watari A, Kawahigashi Y, Kimura Y, Yamashita T, Ishii-Watabe A, Uno T, Fukasawa M, Kuniyasu H, Yagi K, Kondoh M. Development of an anti-claudin-3 and -4 bispecific monoclonal antibody for cancer diagnosis and therapy. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 351:206-13. [PMID: 25118216 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.216911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Most malignant tumors are derived from epithelium, and claudin (CLDN)-3 and CLDN-4 are frequently overexpressed in such tumors. Although antibodies have potential in cancer diagnostics and therapy, development of antibodies against CLDNs has been difficult because the extracellular domains of CLDNs are too small and there is high homology among human, rat, and mouse sequences. Here, we created a monoclonal antibody that recognizes human CLDN-3 and CLDN-4 by immunizing rats with a plasmid vector encoding human CLDN-4. A hybridoma clone that produced a rat monoclonal antibody recognizing both CLDN-3 and -4 (clone 5A5) was obtained from a hybridoma screen by using CLDN-3- and -4-expressing cells; 5A5 did not bind to CLDN-1-, -2-, -5-, -6-, -7-, or -9-expressing cells. Fluorescence-conjugated 5A5 injected into xenograft mice bearing human cancer MKN74 or LoVo cells could visualize the tumor cells. The human-rat chimeric IgG1 monoclonal antibody (xi5A5) activated FcγRIIIa in the presence of CLDN-3- or -4-expressing cells, indicating that xi5A5 may exert antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Administration of xi5A5 attenuated tumor growth in xenograft mice bearing MKN74 or LoVo cells. These results suggest that 5A5 shows promise in the development of a diagnostic and therapeutic antibody for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangru Li
- Laboratories of Bio-Functional Molecular Chemistry (X.L., M.I., A.W., Y.Ka., Y.Ki., K.Y., M.K.) and Analytical Chemistry (T.Y., T.U.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., A.I.-W.); Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (M.F.); and Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan (H.K.)
| | - Manami Iida
- Laboratories of Bio-Functional Molecular Chemistry (X.L., M.I., A.W., Y.Ka., Y.Ki., K.Y., M.K.) and Analytical Chemistry (T.Y., T.U.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., A.I.-W.); Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (M.F.); and Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan (H.K.)
| | - Minoru Tada
- Laboratories of Bio-Functional Molecular Chemistry (X.L., M.I., A.W., Y.Ka., Y.Ki., K.Y., M.K.) and Analytical Chemistry (T.Y., T.U.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., A.I.-W.); Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (M.F.); and Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan (H.K.)
| | - Akihiro Watari
- Laboratories of Bio-Functional Molecular Chemistry (X.L., M.I., A.W., Y.Ka., Y.Ki., K.Y., M.K.) and Analytical Chemistry (T.Y., T.U.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., A.I.-W.); Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (M.F.); and Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan (H.K.)
| | - Yumi Kawahigashi
- Laboratories of Bio-Functional Molecular Chemistry (X.L., M.I., A.W., Y.Ka., Y.Ki., K.Y., M.K.) and Analytical Chemistry (T.Y., T.U.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., A.I.-W.); Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (M.F.); and Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan (H.K.)
| | - Yuka Kimura
- Laboratories of Bio-Functional Molecular Chemistry (X.L., M.I., A.W., Y.Ka., Y.Ki., K.Y., M.K.) and Analytical Chemistry (T.Y., T.U.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., A.I.-W.); Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (M.F.); and Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan (H.K.)
| | - Taku Yamashita
- Laboratories of Bio-Functional Molecular Chemistry (X.L., M.I., A.W., Y.Ka., Y.Ki., K.Y., M.K.) and Analytical Chemistry (T.Y., T.U.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., A.I.-W.); Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (M.F.); and Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan (H.K.)
| | - Akiko Ishii-Watabe
- Laboratories of Bio-Functional Molecular Chemistry (X.L., M.I., A.W., Y.Ka., Y.Ki., K.Y., M.K.) and Analytical Chemistry (T.Y., T.U.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., A.I.-W.); Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (M.F.); and Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan (H.K.)
| | - Tadayuki Uno
- Laboratories of Bio-Functional Molecular Chemistry (X.L., M.I., A.W., Y.Ka., Y.Ki., K.Y., M.K.) and Analytical Chemistry (T.Y., T.U.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., A.I.-W.); Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (M.F.); and Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan (H.K.)
| | - Masayoshi Fukasawa
- Laboratories of Bio-Functional Molecular Chemistry (X.L., M.I., A.W., Y.Ka., Y.Ki., K.Y., M.K.) and Analytical Chemistry (T.Y., T.U.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., A.I.-W.); Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (M.F.); and Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan (H.K.)
| | - Hiroki Kuniyasu
- Laboratories of Bio-Functional Molecular Chemistry (X.L., M.I., A.W., Y.Ka., Y.Ki., K.Y., M.K.) and Analytical Chemistry (T.Y., T.U.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., A.I.-W.); Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (M.F.); and Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan (H.K.)
| | - Kiyohito Yagi
- Laboratories of Bio-Functional Molecular Chemistry (X.L., M.I., A.W., Y.Ka., Y.Ki., K.Y., M.K.) and Analytical Chemistry (T.Y., T.U.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., A.I.-W.); Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (M.F.); and Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan (H.K.)
| | - Masuo Kondoh
- Laboratories of Bio-Functional Molecular Chemistry (X.L., M.I., A.W., Y.Ka., Y.Ki., K.Y., M.K.) and Analytical Chemistry (T.Y., T.U.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institutes of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (M.T., A.I.-W.); Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan (M.F.); and Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan (H.K.)
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18
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Expression of tight junction protein claudin-1 in human crescentic glomerulonephritis. Int J Nephrol 2014; 2014:598670. [PMID: 24868462 PMCID: PMC4020360 DOI: 10.1155/2014/598670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The origin of crescent forming cells in human glomerulonephritis (GN) remains unknown. Some animal studies demonstrated that parietal epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule (PECs) were the main component of proliferating cells and PEC-specific tight junction protein claudin-1 was expressed in crescentic lesions. We investigated the expression of claudin-1 in human GN. Immunohistochemistry for claudin-1 was performed on 17 kidney biopsy samples with crescent formation. Colocalization of claudin-1 with intracellular tight junction protein ZO-1 was also evaluated by immunofluorescence double staining. Claudin-1 is expressed mainly at the cell to cell contact site of proliferating cells in cellular crescentic lesions in patients with these forms of human GN. Small numbers of crescent forming cells showed extrajunctional localization of claudin-1. Colocalization of claudin-1 with ZO-1 was found at cell to cell contact sites of adjacent proliferating cells. In control samples, staining of claudin-1 was positive in PECs, but not in podocytes. Our findings suggest that claudin-1 contributes to crescent formation as a component of the tight junction protein complex that includes ZO-1. Co-localization of claudin-1 with ZO-1 implies the formation of functional tight junction complexes in crescentic lesions to prevent the interstitial damage caused by penetration of filtered molecules from Bowman's space.
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19
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Liu J, Krautzberger AM, Sui SH, Hofmann OM, Chen Y, Baetscher M, Grgic I, Kumar S, Humphreys BD, Hide WA, McMahon AP. Cell-specific translational profiling in acute kidney injury. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:1242-54. [PMID: 24569379 DOI: 10.1172/jci72126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) promotes an abrupt loss of kidney function that results in substantial morbidity and mortality. Considerable effort has gone toward identification of diagnostic biomarkers and analysis of AKI-associated molecular events; however, most studies have adopted organ-wide approaches and have not elucidated the interplay among different cell types involved in AKI pathophysiology. To better characterize AKI-associated molecular and cellular events, we developed a mouse line that enables the identification of translational profiles in specific cell types. This strategy relies on CRE recombinase-dependent activation of an EGFP-tagged L10a ribosomal protein subunit, which allows translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) of mRNA populations in CRE-expressing cells. Combining this mouse line with cell type-specific CRE-driver lines, we identified distinct cellular responses in an ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) model of AKI. Twenty-four hours following IRI, distinct translational signatures were identified in the nephron, kidney interstitial cell populations, vascular endothelium, and macrophages/monocytes. Furthermore, TRAP captured known IRI-associated markers, validating this approach. Biological function annotation, canonical pathway analysis, and in situ analysis of identified response genes provided insight into cell-specific injury signatures. Our study provides a deep, cell-based view of early injury-associated molecular events in AKI and documents a versatile, genetic tool to monitor cell-specific and temporal-specific biological processes in disease modeling.
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Pulskens WP, Butter LM, Teske GJ, Claessen N, Dessing MC, Flavell RA, Sutterwala FS, Florquin S, Leemans JC. Nlrp3 prevents early renal interstitial edema and vascular permeability in unilateral ureteral obstruction. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85775. [PMID: 24454932 PMCID: PMC3893260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive renal disease is characterized by tubulo-interstitial injury with ongoing inflammation and fibrosis. The Nlrp3 inflammasome contributes to these pathophysiological processes through its canonical effects in cytokine maturation. Nlrp3 may additionally exert inflammasome-independent effects following tissue injury. Hence, in this study we investigated potential non-canonical effects of Nlrp3 following progressive renal injury by subjecting WT and Nlrp3-deficient (-/-) mice to unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO). Our results revealed a progressive increase of renal Nlrp3 mRNA in WT mice following UUO. The absence of Nlrp3 resulted in enhanced tubular injury and dilatation and an elevated expression of injury biomarker NGAL after UUO. Moreover, interstitial edema was significantly elevated in Nlrp3-/- mice. This could be explained by increased intratubular pressure and an enhanced tubular and vascular permeability. In accordance, renal vascular leakage was elevated in Nlrp3-/- mice that associated with reduced mRNA expression of intercellular junction components. The decreased epithelial barrier function in Nlrp3-/- mice was not associated with increased apoptosis and/or proliferation of renal epithelial cells. Nlrp3 deficiency did not affect renal fibrosis or inflammation. Together, our data reveal a novel non-canonical effect of Nlrp3 in preserving renal integrity and protection against early tubular injury and interstitial edema following progressive renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilco P. Pulskens
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Loes M. Butter
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gwendoline J. Teske
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nike Claessen
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark C. Dessing
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard A. Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Fayyaz S. Sutterwala
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Sandrine Florquin
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaklien C. Leemans
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Szaszi K, Amoozadeh Y. New Insights into Functions, Regulation, and Pathological Roles of Tight Junctions in Kidney Tubular Epithelium. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 308:205-71. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800097-7.00006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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22
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Li X, Saeki R, Watari A, Yagi K, Kondoh M. Tissue distribution and safety evaluation of a claudin-targeting molecule, the C-terminal fragment of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 52:132-7. [PMID: 24231339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We previously found that claudin (CL) is a potent target for cancer therapy using a CL-3 and -4-targeting molecule, namely the C-terminal fragment of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (C-CPE). Although CL-3 and -4 are expressed in various normal tissues, the safety of this CL-targeting strategy has never been investigated. Here, we evaluated the tissue distribution of C-CPE in mice. Ten minutes after intravenous injection into mice, C-CPE was distributed to the liver and kidney (24.0% and 9.5% of the injected dose, respectively). The hepatic level gradually fell to 3.2% of the injected dose by 3 h post-injection, whereas the renal C-CPE level gradually rose to 46.5% of the injected dose by 6 h post-injection and then decreased. A C-CPE mutant protein lacking the ability to bind CL accumulated in the liver to a much lesser extent (2.0% of the dose at 10 min post-injection) than did C-CPE, but its renal profile was similar to that of C-CPE. To investigate the acute toxicity of CL-targeted toxin, we intravenously administered C-CPE-fused protein synthesis inhibitory factor to mice. The CL-targeted toxin dose-dependently increased the levels of serum biomarkers of liver injury, but not of kidney injury. Histological examination confirmed that injection of CL-targeted toxin injured the liver but not the kidney. These results indicate that potential adverse hepatic effects should be considered in C-CPE-based cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangru Li
- Laboratory of Bio-Functional Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Rie Saeki
- Laboratory of Bio-Functional Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akihiro Watari
- Laboratory of Bio-Functional Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kiyohito Yagi
- Laboratory of Bio-Functional Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masuo Kondoh
- Laboratory of Bio-Functional Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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23
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Christensen EI, Wagner CA, Kaissling B. Uriniferous tubule: structural and functional organization. Compr Physiol 2013; 2:805-61. [PMID: 23961562 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c100073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The uriniferous tubule is divided into the proximal tubule, the intermediate (thin) tubule, the distal tubule and the collecting duct. The present chapter is based on the chapters by Maunsbach and Christensen on the proximal tubule, and by Kaissling and Kriz on the distal tubule and collecting duct in the 1992 edition of the Handbook of Physiology, Renal Physiology. It describes the fine structure (light and electron microscopy) of the entire mammalian uriniferous tubule, mainly in rats, mice, and rabbits. The structural data are complemented by recent data on the location of the major transport- and transport-regulating proteins, revealed by morphological means(immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and/or mRNA in situ hybridization). The structural differences along the uriniferous tubule strictly coincide with the distribution of the major luminal and basolateral transport proteins and receptors and both together provide the basis for the subdivision of the uriniferous tubule into functional subunits. Data on structural adaptation to defined functional changes in vivo and to genetical alterations of specified proteins involved in transepithelial transport importantly deepen our comprehension of the correlation of structure and function in the kidney, of the role of each segment or cell type in the overall renal function,and our understanding of renal pathophysiology.
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Eadon MT, Hack BK, Xu C, Ko B, Toback FG, Cunningham PN. Endotoxemia alters tight junction gene and protein expression in the kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2012; 303:F821-30. [PMID: 22791339 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00023.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Intact tight junctional (TJ) proteins are required for tubular ion transport and waste excretion. Disruption of TJs may contribute to a decreased glomerular filtration rate in acute kidney injury (AKI) via tubular backleak. The effect of LPS-mediated AKI on murine TJs has not been studied extensively. We hypothesized LPS endotoxin administration to mice would disrupt tubular TJ proteins including zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin, and claudins. ZO-1 and occludin immunofluorescence 24 h post-LPS revealed a marked change in localization from the usual circumferential fencework pattern to one with substantial fragmentation. Renal ZO-1 expression was significantly reduced 24 h after LPS (decrease of 56.1 ± 7.4%, P < 0.001), with subsequent recovery. ZO-1 mRNA expression was increased 24 h post-LPS (4.34 ± 0.87-fold, P = 0.0019), suggesting disruption of ZO-1 protein is not mediated by transcriptional regulation, but rather by degradation or changes in translation. Similarly, claudin-4 protein expression was decreased despite elevated mRNA. LPS administration resulted in dephosphorylation of occludin and fragmented tubular redistribution. Protein expression of claudin-1, and -3 was increased after LPS. ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-1, -3, and -4 gene expression were increased 48 h after LPS, suggesting a renal response to strengthen TJs following injury. Interestingly, reduced mRNA expression was found only for claudin-8. This study provides further support that LPS-induced AKI is associated with structural injury and is not merely due to hemodynamic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Eadon
- Section of Nephrology, The University of Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Kostakis ID, Cholidou KG, Perrea D. Syndromes of impaired ion handling in the distal nephron: pseudohypoaldosteronism and familial hyperkalemic hypertension. Hormones (Athens) 2012; 11:31-53. [PMID: 22450343 DOI: 10.1007/bf03401536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The distal nephron, which is the site of the micro-regulation of water absorption and ion handling in the kidneys, is under the control of aldosterone. Impairment of the mineralocorticoid signal transduction pathway results in resistance to the action of aldosterone and of mineralocorticoids in general. Herein, we review two syndromes in which ion handling in the distal nephron is impaired: pseudohypoaldosteronism (PHA) and familial hyperkalemic hypertension (FHH). PHA is a rare inherited syndrome characterized by mineralocorticoid resistance, which leads to salt loss, hypotension, hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis. There are two types of this syndrome: a renal (autosomal dominant) type due to mutations of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), and a systemic (autosomal recessive) type due to mutations of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). There is also a transient form of PHA, which may be due to urinary tract infections, obstructive uropathy or several medications. FHH is a rare autosomal dominant syndrome, characterized by salt retention, hypertension, hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis. In FHH, mutations of WNK (with-no-lysine kinase) 4 and 1 alter the activity of several ion transportation systems in the distal nephron. The study of the pathophysiology of PHA and FHH greatly elucidated our understanding of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system function and ion handling in the distal nephron. The physiological role of the distal nephron and the pathophysiology of diseases in which the renal tubule is implicated may hence be better understood and, based on this understanding, new drugs can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis D Kostakis
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research N.S. Christeas, National and Kapodistrian University, Medical School, Athens, Greece
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26
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Snouber LC, Letourneur F, Chafey P, Broussard C, Monge M, Legallais C, Leclerc E. Analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic profiles demonstrates improved Madin-Darby canine kidney cell function in a renal microfluidic biochip. Biotechnol Prog 2011; 28:474-84. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Gupta IR, Ryan AK. Claudins: unlocking the code to tight junction function during embryogenesis and in disease. Clin Genet 2010; 77:314-25. [PMID: 20447145 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2010.01397.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Claudins are the structural and molecular building blocks of tight junctions. Individual cells express more than one claudin family member, which suggests that a combinatorial claudin code that imparts flexibility and dynamic regulation of tight junction function could exist. Although we have learned much from manipulating claudin expression and function in cell lines, loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments in animal model systems are essential for understanding how claudin-based boundaries function in the context of a living embryo and/or tissue. These in vivo manipulations have pointed to roles for claudins in maintaining the epithelial integrity of cell layers, establishing micro-environments and contributing to the overall shape of an embryo or tissue. In addition, loss-of-function mutations in combination with the characterization of mutations in human disease have demonstrated the importance of claudins in regulating paracellular transport of solutes and water during normal physiological states. In this review, we will discuss specific examples of in vivo studies that illustrate the function of claudin family members during development and in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- I R Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Turksen K. Wasted salts and wasted bodies: new insight into the role of claudin 7 in the kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2010; 298:F22-3. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00594.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kursad Turksen
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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29
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Gáspár S, Niculiţe C, Cucu D, Marcu I. Effect of calcium oxalate on renal cells as revealed by real-time measurement of extracellular oxidative burst. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 25:1729-34. [PMID: 20047824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Revised: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Calcium oxalate is one of the main constituents of kidney stones and has a proved deleterious effect on renal cells that is mediated by oxidative stress. However, the subcellular source of this oxidative stress, and whether it is extending to the extracellular space or not, is still disputed. Therefore, an electrochemical superoxide biosensor was constructed, positioned above A6 renal cells, and used to measure in real-time the extracellular oxidative burst following addition of calcium oxalate crystals. It was observed that A6 cells do secrete superoxide into their extracellular space in few minutes after encountering calcium oxalate crystals. The amount of released superoxide peaks at about 20 min. Superoxide is cleared away from the extracellular space after approximately 3h. Superoxide secretion depends on the presence of superoxide-scavenging enzyme superoxide dismutase, the age of the cells, the amount of calcium oxalate crystals, and the temperature. Moreover, the effect of calcium oxalate crystals was mimicked by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. The developed sensing system can be a useful tool for biologists investigating nephrolithiasis at cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilveszter Gáspár
- International Centre of Biodynamics, 1B Intrarea Portocalelor Street, 060101 Bucharest, Romania.
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D'Souza T, Sherman-Baust CA, Poosala S, Mullin JM, Morin PJ. Age-related changes of claudin expression in mouse liver, kidney, and pancreas. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2009; 64:1146-53. [PMID: 19692671 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glp118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs) play crucial roles in tissue homeostasis and inflammation through their roles in the control of paracellular transport and barrier function. There is evidence that these functions are compromised in older organisms, but the exact mechanisms leading to TJ deterioration are not well understood. Claudin proteins are a family of membrane proteins that constitute the structural barrier elements of TJs and therefore play a major role in their formation and function. Using immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting, we have studied the expression of six different claudin proteins (claudin-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, and -7) in three tissues (liver, kidney, and pancreas) of aging male and female mice. In general, we find an age-dependent decrease in the expression of several claudin proteins in all three tissues observed, although the exact changes are tissue specific. Our findings provide a possible basis for the decrease in tissue barrier function in older organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa D'Souza
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute on Aging, NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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31
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Hervé JC. The apical junctional complexes, roles, and dysfunctions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2009; 1788:753-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2009.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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