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Rivera K, Tanaka KJ, Buechel ER, Origel O, Harrison A, Mason KM, Pinkett HW. Antimicrobial Peptide Recognition Motif of the Substrate Binding Protein SapA from Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. Biochemistry 2024; 63:294-311. [PMID: 38189237 PMCID: PMC10851439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is an opportunistic pathogen associated with respiratory diseases, including otitis media and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NTHi exhibits resistance to killing by host antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) mediated by SapA, the substrate binding protein of the sensitivity to antimicrobial peptides (Sap) transporter. However, the specific mechanisms by which SapA selectively binds various AMPs such as defensins and cathelicidin are unknown. In this study, we report mutational analyses of both defensin AMPs and the SapA binding pocket to define the specificity of AMP recognition. Bactericidal assays revealed that NTHi lacking SapA are more susceptible to human beta defensins and LL-37, while remaining highly resistant to a human alpha defensin. In contrast to homologues, our research underscores the distinct specificity of NTHi SapA, which selectively recognizes and binds to peptides containing the charged-hydrophobic motif PKE and RRY. These findings provide valuable insight into the divergence of SapA among bacterial species and NTHi SapA's ability to selectively interact with specific AMPs to mediate resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen
G. Rivera
- Department
of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kari J. Tanaka
- Department
of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Evan R. Buechel
- Department
of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Octavio Origel
- Department
of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Alistair Harrison
- The
Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute
at Nationwide Children’s Hospital and College of Medicine,
Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State
University, Columbus, Ohio 43205, United States
| | - Kevin M. Mason
- The
Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute
at Nationwide Children’s Hospital and College of Medicine,
Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State
University, Columbus, Ohio 43205, United States
| | - Heather W. Pinkett
- Department
of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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2
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Wang Y, Song Y, Yan S, Hiramine R, Ohnishi Y, Yokoi Y, Nakamura K, Kikukawa T, Ayabe T, Aizawa T. Antimicrobial Properties and Mode of Action of Cryptdin-4, a Mouse α-Defensin Regulated by Peptide Redox Structures and Bacterial Cultivation Conditions. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1047. [PMID: 37370366 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12061047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptdin-4 (crp4) is an enteric α-defensin derived from mice, and is a main mediator of immunity to oral infections and a determinant of the composition of the intestinal microbiota. Structurally, crp4 exists in two states: the oxidized form (crp4oxi), constrained by three invariant disulfide bonds, and the reduced form (crp4red) with six free thiol groups, both of which exist in the intestinal tract. In this study, the antibacterial mechanisms of crp4 in both forms under aerobic and anaerobic conditions were investigated using Escherichia coli (E. coli), an anaerobic facultative bacterium, as a model. Fluorescent dye studies revealed that both crp4oxi and crp4red exhibited antimicrobial activity against cells cultured under aerobic conditions via rapid membrane depolarization. Furthermore, the antioxidant treatment experiments suggested that only crp4oxi exhibited antimicrobial activity by the induction and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, under anaerobic culture conditions, the ability of both forms to disrupt the function of bacterial membranes decreased and activity was greatly reduced, but crp4red maintained some antimicrobial activity. This activity may be due to the inhibition of intracellular functions by DNA binding. Altogether, these data indicate that, according to its redox structure and the environmental redox conditions, crp4 could perform different antimicrobial activities via different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yuchi Song
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Shaonan Yan
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Rina Hiramine
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yuki Ohnishi
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yuki Yokoi
- Innate Immunity Laboratory, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
| | - Kiminori Nakamura
- Innate Immunity Laboratory, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
| | - Takashi Kikukawa
- Laboratory of Biological Information Analysis Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
| | - Tokiyoshi Ayabe
- Innate Immunity Laboratory, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Aizawa
- Laboratory of Protein Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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3
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Structural and functional studies of LaIT2, an antimicrobial and insecticidal peptide from Liocheles australasiae. Toxicon 2022; 214:8-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Sato Y, Wang Y, Song Y, Geng W, Yan S, Nakamura K, Kikukawa T, Demura M, Ayabe T, Aizawa T. Potent bactericidal activity of reduced cryptdin-4 derived from its hydrophobicity and mediated by bacterial membrane disruption. Amino Acids 2022; 54:289-297. [PMID: 35037097 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03115-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Defensin is a cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptide with three disulphide bonds under normal oxidative conditions. Cryptdin-4 (Crp4) is a defensin secreted by Paneth cells in the small intestine of mice, and only reduced Crp4 (Crp4red) shows activity against enteric commensal bacteria, although both oxidised Crp4 (Crp4ox) and Crp4red can kill non-commensal bacteria. To investigate the molecular factors that affect the potent antimicrobial activity of Crp4red, the bactericidal activities of Crp4ox and Crp4red, Crp4 with all Cys residues substituted with Ser peptide (6C/S-Crp4), and Crp4 with all thiol groups modified by N-ethylmaleimide (NEM-Crp4) were assessed. All peptides showed bactericidal activity against non-commensal bacteria, whereas Crp4red and NEM-Crp4 showed bactericidal activity against commensal bacteria. These potent peptides exhibited high hydrophobicity, which was strongly correlated with membrane insertion. Intriguingly, Crp4ox formed electrostatic interactions with the membrane surface of bacteria, even without exerting bactericidal activity. Moreover, the bactericidal activity of both oxidised and reduced forms of Crp4 was abolished by inhibition of electrostatic interactions; this finding suggests that Crp4red targets bacterial membranes. Finally, a liposome leakage assay against lipids extracted from commensal bacteria demonstrated a correlation with bactericidal activity. These results suggest that the potent bactericidal activity of Crp4red is derived from its hydrophobicity, and the bactericidal mechanism involves disruption of the bacterial membrane. Findings from this study provide a better understanding of the bactericidal mechanism of both Crp4ox and Crp4red.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Sato
- Protein Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yi Wang
- Protein Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuchi Song
- Protein Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Weiming Geng
- Protein Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shaonan Yan
- Protein Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kiminori Nakamura
- Innate Immunity Laboratory, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takashi Kikukawa
- Laboratory of Biological Information Analysis Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Makoto Demura
- Laboratory of Biological Information Analysis Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tokiyoshi Ayabe
- Innate Immunity Laboratory, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Aizawa
- Protein Science Laboratory, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
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5
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Herrera R, Rosbe K, Tugizov SM. Inactivation of HIV-1 in Polarized Infant Tonsil Epithelial Cells by Human Beta-Defensins 2 and 3 Tagged with the Protein Transduction Domain of HIV-1 Tat. Viruses 2021; 13:v13102043. [PMID: 34696473 PMCID: PMC8538026 DOI: 10.3390/v13102043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1 may occur during pregnancy, labor, and breastfeeding; however, the molecular mechanism of MTCT of virus remains poorly understood. Infant tonsil mucosal epithelium may sequester HIV-1, serving as a transient reservoir, and may play a critical role in MTCT. Innate immune proteins human beta-defensins 2 (hBD-2) and -3 may inactivate intravesicular virions. To establish delivery of hBD-2 and -3 into vesicles containing HIV-1, we tagged hBDs with the protein transduction domain (PTD) of HIV-1 Tat, which facilitates an efficient translocation of proteins across cell membranes. Our new findings showed that hBD-2 and -3 proteins tagged with PTD efficiently penetrated polarized tonsil epithelial cells by endocytosis and direct penetration. PTD-initiated internalization of hBD-2 and -3 proteins into epithelial cells led to their subsequent penetration of multivesicular bodies (MVB) and vacuoles containing HIV-1. Furthermore, PTD played a role in the fusion of vesicles containing HIV-1 with lysosomes, where virus was inactivated. PTD-initiated internalization of hBD-2 and -3 proteins into ex vivo tonsil tissue explants reduced the spread of virus from epithelial cells to CD4+ T lymphocytes, CD68+ macrophages, and CD1c+ dendritic cells, suggesting that this approach may serve as an antiviral strategy for inactivating intraepithelial HIV-1 and reducing viral MTCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Herrera
- Department of Medicine, University of California–San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Kristina Rosbe
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA;
| | - Sharof M. Tugizov
- Department of Medicine, University of California–San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(415)-514-3177; Fax: +1-(415)-476-9364
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6
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Bogdanova LR, Valiullina YA, Faizullin DA, Kurbanov RK, Ermakova EA. Spectroscopic, zeta potential and molecular dynamics studies of the interaction of antimicrobial peptides with model bacterial membrane. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 242:118785. [PMID: 32801024 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Peptide-membrane interactions play a key role in the mechanisms of activity of antimicrobial peptides. Here, methods of fluorescence spectroscopy, zeta potential, and molecular dynamics modeling were used to study the interaction of new antimicrobial peptide megin with model bacterial membrane. The Gibbs free energy of -6 kcal/mol characterizes the interaction of the peptides with liposomes containing DOPE and POPG lipids. Fluorescence data, acrylamide quenching, and MD simulations show that megin peptides are mainly located at the lipid/water interface and are aligned parallel to the bilayer surface in a carpet like manner. Measurements of zeta potential demonstrate the decrease of the negative potential of liposomes in the presence of peptides. The influence of megin on the membrane properties is also confirmed by molecular dynamics simulations. Insertion of peptides into the membrane disturbs lipid ordering, decreases the order parameters of lipids, and facilitates penetration of water molecules through the membrane. According to our results, we proposed that the megin antimicrobial activity can be explained by the carpet model of peptide activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Bogdanova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Lobachevsky Str., 2/31, Kazan 420111, Russian Federation
| | - Y A Valiullina
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Lobachevsky Str., 2/31, Kazan 420111, Russian Federation
| | - D A Faizullin
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Lobachevsky Str., 2/31, Kazan 420111, Russian Federation
| | - R Kh Kurbanov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Lobachevsky Str., 2/31, Kazan 420111, Russian Federation
| | - E A Ermakova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Lobachevsky Str., 2/31, Kazan 420111, Russian Federation.
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7
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Húmpola MV, Rey MC, Spontón PG, Simonetta AC, Tonarelli GG. A Comparative Study of the Antimicrobial and Structural Properties of Short Peptides and Lipopeptides Containing a Repetitive Motif KLFK. Protein Pept Lett 2019; 26:192-203. [PMID: 30526450 DOI: 10.2174/0929866526666181208144629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last years, Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) and lipopeptides have received attention as promising candidates to treat infections caused by resistant microorganisms. OBJECTIVE The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of repetitive KLFK motifs and the attachment of aliphatic acids to the N-terminus of (KLFK)n peptides on therapeutic properties. METHODS Minimal inhibitory concentration against Gram (+) and (-) bacteria and yeast of synthetic compounds were determined by broth microtiter dilution method, and the toxicity was evaluated by hemolysis assay. Membrane-peptide interaction studies were performed with model phospholipid membranes mimicking those of bacterial and mammalian cells by Fluorescence Spectroscopy. The secondary structure in solution and membranes was determined by Circular Dichroism. RESULTS Our results showed that the resulting compounds have inhibitory activity against bacteria and fungi. The (KLFK)3 peptide showed the highest therapeutic index against bacterial and yeast strains, and the (KLFK)2 peptide conjugated with octanoic acid was the most active against yeasts. All the lipopeptides containing long-chain fatty acids (C14 or longer) were highly hemolytic at low concentrations. The antimicrobial activity of (KLFK)2 and (KLFK)3 lipopeptides was mainly associated with improved stability of the amphipathic secondary structure, which showed high contributions of α-helix in dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (DPPG) vesicles. CONCLUSION The repetition of the KLFK sequence and the conjugation with lipid tails allowed obtained compounds with high antimicrobial activity and low toxicity, becoming good candidates for treating infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Verónica Húmpola
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Bioquimica y Cs. Biologicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (U.N.L), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Carolina Rey
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Bioquimica y Cs. Biologicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (U.N.L), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Pablo Gabriel Spontón
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Bioquimica y Cs. Biologicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (U.N.L), Santa Fe, Argentina.,Catedras de Microbiologia y Biotecnologia, Departamento de Ingenieria en Alimentos, Facultad de Ingenieria Quimica, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Arturo Carlos Simonetta
- Catedras de Microbiologia y Biotecnologia, Departamento de Ingenieria en Alimentos, Facultad de Ingenieria Quimica, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Georgina Guadalupe Tonarelli
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Bioquimica y Cs. Biologicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (U.N.L), Santa Fe, Argentina
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8
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Ermakova E, Zuev Y. Interaction of Scots Pine Defensin with Model Membrane by Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics. J Membr Biol 2017; 250:205-216. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-017-9950-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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9
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Paulin N, Döring Y, Kooijman S, Blanchet X, Viola JR, de Jong R, Mandl M, Hendrikse J, Schiener M, von Hundelshausen P, Vogt A, Weber C, Bdeir K, Hofmann SM, Rensen PCN, Drechsler M, Soehnlein O. Human Neutrophil Peptide 1 Limits Hypercholesterolemia-induced Atherosclerosis by Increasing Hepatic LDL Clearance. EBioMedicine 2017; 16:204-211. [PMID: 28111237 PMCID: PMC5474437 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Increases in plasma LDL-cholesterol have unequivocally been established as a causal risk factor for atherosclerosis. Hence, strategies for lowering of LDL-cholesterol may have immediate therapeutic relevance. Here we study the role of human neutrophil peptide 1 (HNP1) in a mouse model of atherosclerosis and identify its potent atheroprotective effect both upon transgenic overexpression and therapeutic delivery. The effect was found to be due to a reduction of plasma LDL-cholesterol. Mechanistically, HNP1 binds to apolipoproteins enriched in LDL. This interaction facilitates clearance of LDL particles in the liver via LDL receptor. Thus, we here identify a non-redundant mechanism by which HNP1 allows for reduction of LDL-cholesterol, a process that may be therapeutically instructed to lower cardiovascular risk. Mice with transgenic expression of human neutrophil peptide 1 (HNP1) exhibit lower plasma VLDL/LDL levels and smaller atherosclerotic lesion sizes. Repetitive HNP1 delivery is atheroprotective by reducing hypercholesterolemia. HNP1 binds to apolipoproteins in LDL and facilitates LDL clearance in the liver involving LDL receptor.
Increased plasma lipid levels (i.e. hypercholesterolemia) are a primary risk factor for atherosclerosis, the pathology underlying myocardial infarction and stroke. Here we show that human neutrophil peptide 1 (HNP1, also known as α-defensin), an antimicrobial protein typically released from activated neutrophils, binds to apolipoproteins within plasma lipoproteins and facilitates the clearance of plasma lipids in the liver. As a consequence, repeated injection of hypercholesterolemic mice with HNP1 reduces atherosclerotic lesion formation. Thus, this study provides an innovative strategy to reduce hypercholesterolemia and hence a way to potentially reduce cardiovascular risk.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apolipoproteins/blood
- Apolipoproteins/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/prevention & control
- Cholesterol, LDL/blood
- Cholesterol, LDL/metabolism
- Female
- Hep G2 Cells
- Humans
- Hypercholesterolemia/genetics
- Hypercholesterolemia/metabolism
- Hypercholesterolemia/prevention & control
- Immunohistochemistry
- Lipoproteins, LDL/blood
- Lipoproteins, LDL/metabolism
- Lipoproteins, LDL/pharmacokinetics
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Protein Binding
- RNA Interference
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Receptors, LDL/metabolism
- alpha-Defensins/administration & dosage
- alpha-Defensins/genetics
- alpha-Defensins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Paulin
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Yvonne Döring
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Xavier Blanchet
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Joana R Viola
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich 80336, Germany; Department of Pathology, AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renske de Jong
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich 80336, Germany; Department of Pathology, AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manuela Mandl
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Jeffrey Hendrikse
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich 80336, Germany; Department of Pathology, AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maximilian Schiener
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich 80336, Germany
| | | | - Anja Vogt
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der LMU München, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich 80336, Germany; DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Khalil Bdeir
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Susanna M Hofmann
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der LMU München, Munich 80336, Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration, Helmholtz Center Munich, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maik Drechsler
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich 80336, Germany; Department of Pathology, AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich 80336, Germany; Department of Pathology, AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; DZHK, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich 80336, Germany.
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10
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Wei XB, Wu RJ, Si DY, Liao XD, Zhang LL, Zhang RJ. Novel Hybrid Peptide Cecropin A (1-8)-LL37 (17-30) with Potential Antibacterial Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17070983. [PMID: 27367675 PMCID: PMC4964367 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17070983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybridizing different antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is a particularly successful approach to obtain novel AMPs with increased antimicrobial activity but minimized cytotoxicity. The hybrid peptide cecropin A (1–8)-LL37 (17–30) (C-L) combining the hydrophobic N-terminal fragment of cecropin A (C) with the core antimicrobial fragment of LL37 (L) was designed and synthesized. C-L showed higher antibacterial activity against all indicator strains than C and L, and no hemolytic activity to sheep erythrocytes was observed. C-L kills bacterial cells and causes disruption of surface structure, as determined by scanning electron microscopy. Synergistic effects were observed in the combination of C-L with several antibiotics (chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, or neomycin sulfate) against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Biao Wei
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ru-Juan Wu
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Da-Yong Si
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiu-Dong Liao
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lu-Lu Zhang
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ri-Jun Zhang
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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11
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Bonucci A, Caldaroni E, Balducci E, Pogni R. A Spectroscopic Study of the Aggregation State of the Human Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 in Bacterial versus Host Cell Model Membranes. Biochemistry 2015; 54:6760-8. [PMID: 26502164 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The LL-37 antimicrobial peptide is the only cathelicidin peptide found in humans that has antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties. Because it exerts also chemotactic and angiogenetic activity, LL-37 is involved in promoting wound healing, reducing inflammation, and strengthening the host immune response. The key to the effectiveness of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) lies in the different compositions of bacterial versus host cell membranes. In this context, antimicrobial peptide LL-37 and two variants were studied in the presence of model membranes with different lipid compositions and charges. The investigation was performed using an experimental strategy that combines the site-directed spin labeling-electron paramagnetic resonance technique with circular dichroism and fluorescence emission spectroscopies. LL-37 interacts with negatively charged membranes forming a stable aggregate, which can likely produce toroidal pores until the amount of bound peptide exceeds a critical concentration. At the same time, we have clearly detected an aggregate with a higher oligomeric degree for interaction of LL-37 with neutral membranes. These data confirm the absence of cell selectivity of the peptide and a more complex role in stimulating host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Bonucci
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena , 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Caldaroni
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena , 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Enrico Balducci
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino , 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Rebecca Pogni
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena , 53100 Siena, Italy
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Herrera R, Morris M, Rosbe K, Feng Z, Weinberg A, Tugizov S. Human beta-defensins 2 and -3 cointernalize with human immunodeficiency virus via heparan sulfate proteoglycans and reduce infectivity of intracellular virions in tonsil epithelial cells. Virology 2015; 487:172-87. [PMID: 26539799 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We previously showed that expression of the anti-HIV innate proteins human beta-defensin 2 (hBD2) and hBD3 in adult oral epithelial cells reduces HIV transepithelial transmission by inactivation of virus. However, fetal/infant oral epithelia lack beta-defensin expression, leading to transmission of HIV. The mechanisms of hBD2- and hBD3-mediated HIV inactivation in adult oral epithelial cells are poorly understood. Here we found that heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) on the apical surfaces of epithelial cells facilitate simultaneous binding of hBDs and HIV gp120 to the cell surface. HSPG-facilitated binding of hBDs and HIV gp120 to the cell surface did not affect viral attachment. HBD2 or -3 cointernalized with virions in endosomes, formed oligomers, and reduced infectivity of HIV. The anti-HIV effect of combining hBD2 and hBD3 was substantially higher than that of the individual peptides. These findings advance our understanding of the mechanisms of anti-HIV resistance in adult oral epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Herrera
- Department of Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Michael Morris
- Department of Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kristina Rosbe
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Zhimin Feng
- Department of Pathology, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Aaron Weinberg
- Department of Pathology, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Sharof Tugizov
- Department of Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; School of Medicine, Department of Orofacial Science, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
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Zare-Zardini H, Fesahat F, Anbari F, Halvaei I, Ebrahimi L. Assessment of spermicidal activity of the antimicrobial peptide sarcotoxin Pd: A potent contraceptive agent. EUR J CONTRACEP REPR 2015; 21:15-21. [PMID: 26052043 DOI: 10.3109/13625187.2015.1052395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In searching for new spermicidal microbicides for use in the prevention of unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) we investigated the spermicidal and cytotoxicity activities of the antimicrobial peptide sarcotoxin Pd. METHODS Washed sperm from 10 healthy, normal volunteers was treated with different concentrations of sarcotoxin Pd. Sperm motility and morphology were assessed at 0, 0.3, 5, 10 and 15 min. The cytotoxicity of sarcotoxin Pd in normal human cervical HeLa cells was measured. Percentage cell survival was expressed as the number of live cells in the test group. RESULTS The cytotoxic effect of sarcotoxin Pd was concentration-dependent. Significant cytotoxicity was observed at concentrations above 24 μg/ml. Sarcotoxin Pd immobilised 100% of spermatozoa at a dose of 90 and 80 μg/ml after 0.3 and 5 min, respectively, and immobilised 50% of spermatozoa after 15 min at lower doses. Sarcotoxin Pd inhibited sperm motility in a dose-dependent manner. The peptide immobilised sperm within 20 s at its maximal effective concentration of 90 μg/ml. CONCLUSIONS Sarcotoxin Pd appears to be a good candidate for a contraceptive agent in the prevention of unplanned pregnancy and STIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Zare-Zardini
- a Young Researchers and Elite Club, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University , Yazd , Iran.,b Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services , Yazd , Iran
| | - Farzaneh Fesahat
- c Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences , Yazd , Iran.,d Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences , Yazd , Iran
| | - Fatemeh Anbari
- c Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences , Yazd , Iran
| | - Iman Halvaei
- c Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences , Yazd , Iran
| | - Leila Ebrahimi
- e Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine , Tehran , Iran
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Shireen T, Basu A, Sarkar M, Mukhopadhyay K. Lipid composition is an important determinant of antimicrobial activity of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone. Biophys Chem 2014; 196:33-9. [PMID: 25282663 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We have reported strong antimicrobial activity of cationic neuropeptide α-MSH against Staphylococcus aureus. Clinical S. aureus isolates non-susceptible to the peptide had higher amount of cationic phospholipid. To elucidate the molecular basis of lipid selectivity and antimicrobial activity of α-MSH, studies were carried out on SUVs having different combinations of neutral DMPC and anionic lipids DMPG to mimic mammalian and bacterial membrane. The peptide interacted with the DMPG containing vesicles only, as evident from the changes in Trp fluorescence. CD spectroscopy revealed that despite interaction, the peptide retained its native random coil structure. The perturbation of the vesicles caused by peptide interaction is strongly dependent on peptide concentration as seen both by DLS and Tb(3+)/DPA based fluorescence leakage assay. Our data clearly demonstrate the preference of α-MSH to interact with anionic DMPG containing vesicles leading to significant permeabilization which is the molecular basis behind the selectivity of α-MSH for bacterial systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahsina Shireen
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Arnab Basu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics 1/AF, Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Munna Sarkar
- Chemical Sciences Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics 1/AF, Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Kasturi Mukhopadhyay
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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15
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Wu R, Wang Q, Zheng Z, Zhao L, Shang Y, Wei X, Liao X, Zhang R. Design, characterization and expression of a novel hybrid peptides melittin (1-13)-LL37 (17-30). Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:4163-9. [PMID: 24871991 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2900-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hybridizing of different antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) has been a common practice for obtaining novel hybrid AMPs with elevated antibacterial activity but minimized cytotoxicity. The hybrid peptides melittin (1-13)-LL37 (17-30) (M-L) combining the hydrophobic N-terminal fragment of melittin (M) with the core antibacterial fragment of LL37 (L), was designed for the first time to explore its antibacterial activity and hemolytic activity against bacteria and sheep erythrocyte respectively. Results showed that M-L had an even more potent antibacterial activity against all indicator strains (especially gram-positive bacteria) than M and L, whereas didn't exhibit hemolytic activity to sheep erythrocytes, implying M-L can be served as a potential therapeutic drug to substitute traditional antibiotics. However the high expense of biosynthesis limited its further research, therefore fusion expression of M-L was carried out in Escherichia coli (E. coli) for overproducing the hybrid peptide so as to solve the problem. The DNA sequence encoding M-L with preferred codons was cloned into the pET-SUMO vector for protein expression in E. coli BL21 (DE3). After IPTG induction, approximately 165 mg soluble fusion protein SUMO-M-L was recovered per liter supernatant of the fermentation ultrasonic lysate using Ni-NTA Sepharose column (92 % purity). And 23 mg recombinant M-L was obtained per liter culture after cleavage of SUMO protease and purification of Ni-NTA Sepharose column. In sum, this research not only supplied an effective approach for overproducing hybrid peptide M-L, but paved the way for its further exploration on pharmaceutical potential and medical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujuan Wu
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
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16
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Human neutrophil peptide 1 variants bearing arginine modified cationic side chains: effects on membrane partitioning. Biophys Chem 2014; 190-191:32-40. [PMID: 24820901 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
α-Defensins (e.g. human neutrophil peptides, HNPs) have a broad spectrum bactericidal activity contributing to human innate immunity. The positive charge of amino acid side chains is responsible for the first interaction of cationic antimicrobial peptides with negatively charged bacterial membranes. α-Defensins contain a high content of Arg residues compared to Lys. In this paper, different peptide analogs including substitution of Arg-14 respectively with N(G)-N(G')-asymmetric dimethyl-l-arginine (ADMA), N(G)-N(G')-symmetric dimethyl-l-arginine (SDMA) and Lys (R14K and R15KR14KR15K) variants have been studied to test the role of Arg guanidino group and the localized cationic charge of Lys for interaction with lipid membranes. Our findings show that all the variants have a decreased disruptive activity against the bilayer. The methylated analogs show a reduction in membrane partitioning due to the lack of their ability to form hydrogen bonds. Comparison with the native HNP-1 peptide has been discussed.
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