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Wei Y, Liu Z, Zhang M, Zhu X, Niu Q. Inhibition of ACE2-S Protein Interaction by a Short Functional Peptide with a Boomerang Structure. Molecules 2024; 29:3022. [PMID: 38998974 PMCID: PMC11242946 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Considering the high evolutionary rate and great harmfulness of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), it is imperative to develop new pharmacological antagonists. Human angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) functions as a primary receptor for the spike protein (S protein) of SARS-CoV-2. Thus, a novel functional peptide, KYPAY (K5), with a boomerang structure, was developed to inhibit the interaction between ACE2 and the S protein by attaching to the ACE2 ligand-binding domain (LBD). The inhibition property of K5 was evaluated via molecular simulations, cell experiments, and adsorption kinetics analysis. The molecular simulations showed that K5 had a high affinity for ACE2 but a low affinity for the cell membrane. The umbrella sampling (US) simulations revealed a significant enhancement in the binding potential of this functional peptide to ACE2. The fluorescence microscopy and cytotoxicity experiments showed that K5 effectively prevented the interaction between ACE2 and the S protein without causing any noticeable harm to cells. Further flow cytometry research indicated that K5 successfully hindered the interaction between ACE2 and the S protein, resulting in 78% inhibition at a concentration of 100 μM. This work offers an innovative perspective on the development of functional peptides for the prevention and therapy of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Wei
- School of Life Science, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China; (Y.W.); (Z.L.); (X.Z.)
- Research Center of Henan Provincial Agricultural Biomass Resource Engineering and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ziyang Liu
- School of Life Science, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China; (Y.W.); (Z.L.); (X.Z.)
- Research Center of Henan Provincial Agricultural Biomass Resource Engineering and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China;
| | - Man Zhang
- Research Center of Henan Provincial Agricultural Biomass Resource Engineering and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China;
- Department of Oncology, Nanyang First People’s Hospital, Nanyang 473002, China
| | - Xingyan Zhu
- School of Life Science, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China; (Y.W.); (Z.L.); (X.Z.)
- Research Center of Henan Provincial Agricultural Biomass Resource Engineering and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China;
| | - Qiuhong Niu
- School of Life Science, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China; (Y.W.); (Z.L.); (X.Z.)
- Research Center of Henan Provincial Agricultural Biomass Resource Engineering and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China;
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2
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Cryoprotection in Human Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells: Synergistic Impact of Urea and Glucose. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:1681-1686. [PMID: 36754231 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Standard freezing protocols of clinically relevant cell lines commonly employ agents such as fetal bovine serum and dimethyl sulfoxide, which are a potential concern from both a regulatory and a patient safety perspective. The aim of this work was to develop formulations with safe and well tolerated excipients for the (cryo-) preservation of cell therapy products. We evaluated the cryoprotective capabilities of urea and glucose through measurements of cell metabolic activity. Freezing of clinically relevant human mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and human dermal fibroblasts at ≤ - 65°C at equimolar ratios of urea and glucose resulted in comparable viabilities to established dimethyl sulfoxide. Pre-incubation of human mesenchymal stromal/stem cells in trehalose and addition of mannitol and sucrose to the formulation further enhanced cell viability after freeze-thaw stress. Other cell types assessed (A549 and SK-N-AS) could not satisfactorily be preserved with urea and glucose, highlighting the need for tailored formulations to sustain acceptable cryopreservation.
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3
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Juretić D. Designed Multifunctional Peptides for Intracellular Targets. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11091196. [PMID: 36139975 PMCID: PMC9495127 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11091196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nature’s way for bioactive peptides is to provide them with several related functions and the ability to cooperate in performing their job. Natural cell-penetrating peptides (CPP), such as penetratins, inspired the design of multifunctional constructs with CPP ability. This review focuses on known and novel peptides that can easily reach intracellular targets with little or no toxicity to mammalian cells. All peptide candidates were evaluated and ranked according to the predictions of low toxicity to mammalian cells and broad-spectrum activity. The final set of the 20 best peptide candidates contains the peptides optimized for cell-penetrating, antimicrobial, anticancer, antiviral, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory activity. Their predicted features are intrinsic disorder and the ability to acquire an amphipathic structure upon contact with membranes or nucleic acids. In conclusion, the review argues for exploring wide-spectrum multifunctionality for novel nontoxic hybrids with cell-penetrating peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davor Juretić
- Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences, 21000 Split, Croatia;
- Faculty of Science, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
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4
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Niu Q, Gao S, Liu X, Chong J, Ren L, Zhu K, Shi W, Yuan X. Membrane stabilization versus perturbation by aromatic monoamine-modified γ-PGA for cryopreservation of human RBCs with high intracellular trehalose. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:6038-6048. [PMID: 35894777 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01074g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As a nonreducing disaccharide, trehalose can be used as a biocompatible cryoprotectant for solvent-free cell cryopreservation, but the membrane-impermeability limits its cryoprotective efficiency. Herein, a series of aromatic monoamines with a 1-4 methylene spacer were grafted onto γ-poly(glutamic acid) (γ-PGA) for promoting intracellular trehalose uptake in human red blood cells (hRBCs) via membrane perturbation. The self-assembled nanoparticles of the obtained amphiphilic γ-PGA could be adsorbed on the cell membrane by the hydrophobic interaction to disturb the lipid arrangement and increase the membrane permeability of trehalose under hypertonic conditions. Results suggested that the intracellular trehalose could be enhanced progressively with the methylene spacer length, significantly increasing to 75.1 ± 0.7 mM by incubating hRBCs in 0.8 M trehalose containing phenylbutylamine-grafted γ-PGA at 4 °C for 24 h. Meanwhile, the other three polymers exhibited membrane stabilization in addition to improved intracellular trehalose, maintaining the membrane integrity during cryopreservation to achieve high cryosurvival. Molecular dynamics simulation further confirmed that defects could be formed by interaction of the above four amphiphilic polymers on the modeled phospholipid bilayer. It was believed that glycerol-free cryopreservation of human cells could be realized by using trehalose as the biocompatible cryoprotectant, and membrane stabilization can be a compensatory approach to membrane perturbation during impermeable biomolecule delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjing Niu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Shuhui Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Xingwen Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | | | - Lixia Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Kongying Zhu
- Analysis and Measurement Center, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenxiong Shi
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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5
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Khurshid B, Rehman AU, Luo R, Khan A, Wadood A, Anwar J. Heparin-Assisted Amyloidogenesis Uncovered through Molecular Dynamics Simulations. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:15132-15144. [PMID: 35572757 PMCID: PMC9089684 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), in particular, heparan sulfate and heparin, are found colocalized with Aβ amyloid. They have been shown to enhance fibril formation, suggesting a possible pathological connection. We have investigated heparin's assembly of the KLVFFA peptide fragment using molecular dynamics simulation, to gain a molecular-level mechanistic understanding of how GAGs enhance fibril formation. The simulations reveal an exquisite process wherein heparin accelerates peptide assembly by first "gathering" the peptide molecules and then assembling them. Heparin does not act as a mere template but is tightly coupled to the peptides, yielding a composite protofilament structure. The strong intermolecular interactions suggest composite formation to be a general feature of heparin's interaction with peptides. Heparin's chain flexibility is found to be essential to its fibril promotion activity, and the need for optimal heparin chain length and concentration has been rationalized. These insights yield design rules (flexibility; chain-length) and protocol guidance (heparin:peptide molar ratio) for developing effective heparin mimetics and other functional GAGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beenish Khurshid
- Department
of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University
Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Ashfaq Ur Rehman
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University
of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Ray Luo
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University
of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Alamzeb Khan
- Department
of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Department
of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University
Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Jamshed Anwar
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
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6
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Kozuch DJ, Stillinger FH, Debenedetti PG. Effects of Trehalose on Lipid Membranes under Rapid Cooling using All-Atom and Coarse-Grained Molecular Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:5346-5357. [PMID: 33978410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c02575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the effect of the cryopreservative α-α-trehalose on a model 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) lipid membrane undergoing cooling from 350 to 250 K using all-atom (AA) and coarse-grained (CG) molecular dynamics simulation. In the AA simulations, we find that the addition of trehalose alters the Lα (liquid crystalline) to Pβ (ripple) phase transition, suppressing the major domain of the Pβ phase and increasing the degree of leaflet interdigitation (the minor domain) which yields a thinner membrane with a higher area per lipid. Calculation of dihedral angle distributions for the lipid tails shows a greater fraction of gauche angles in the Pβ phase as trehalose concentration is increased, indicating that trehalose increases lipid disorder in the membrane. In contrast, the CG simulations transition directly from the Lα to the Lβ (gel) phase upon cooling without exhibiting the Pβ phase (likely due to increased lipid mobility in the CG system). Even so, the CG simulations show that the addition of trehalose clearly suppresses the Lα to Lβ phase transition, demonstrating that trehalose increases lipid disorder at low temperatures for the CG system, similar to the AA. Analysis using a two-state binding model provides net affinity coefficients between trehalose and the membrane as well as trehalose partition coefficients between the membrane interface and the bulk solution for both the AA and CG systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Kozuch
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Frank H Stillinger
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Pablo G Debenedetti
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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7
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Wolkers WF, Oldenhof H. Principles Underlying Cryopreservation and Freeze-Drying of Cells and Tissues. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2180:3-25. [PMID: 32797407 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0783-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cryopreservation and freeze-drying can be used to preserve cells or tissues for prolonged periods. Vitrification, or ice-free cryopreservation, is an alternative to cryopreservation that enables cooling cells to cryogenic temperatures in the absence of ice. The processing pathways involved in (ice-free) cryopreservation and freeze-drying of cells and tissues, however, can be very damaging. In this chapter, we describe the principles underlying preservation of cells for which freezing and drying are normally lethal processes as well as for cells that are able to survive in a reversible state of suspended animation. Freezing results in solution effects injury and/or intracellular ice formation, whereas drying results in removal of (non-freezable) water normally bound to biomolecules, which is generally more damaging. Cryopreservation and freeze-drying require different types of protective agents. Different mechanistic modes of action of cryoprotective and lyoprotective agents are described including minimizing ice formation, preferential exclusion, water replacement, and vitrification. Furthermore, it is discussed how protective agents can be introduced into cells avoiding damage due to too large cell volume excursions, and how knowledge of cell-specific membrane permeability properties in various temperature regimes can be used to rationally design (ice-free) cryopreservation and freeze-drying protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem F Wolkers
- Unit for Reproductive Medicine-Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany. .,Biostabilization Laboratory-Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Harriëtte Oldenhof
- Unit for Reproductive Medicine-Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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8
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9
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Stewart S, He X. Intracellular Delivery of Trehalose for Cell Banking. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:7414-7422. [PMID: 30078320 PMCID: PMC6382607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Advances in stem cell technology and regenerative medicine have underscored the need for effective banking of living cells. Cryopreservation, using very low temperatures to achieve suspended animation, is widely used to store or bank cells for later use. This process requires the use of cryoprotective agents (CPAs) to protect cells against damage caused by the cooling and warming process. However, current popular CPAs like DMSO can be toxic to cells and must be thoroughly removed from cells before they can be used for research or clinical applications. Trehalose, a nontoxic sugar found in organisms capable of withstanding extreme cold or desiccation, has been explored as an alternative CPA. The disaccharide must be present on both sides of the cellular membrane to provide cryo-protection. However, trehalose is not synthesized by mammalian cells nor has the capability to diffuse through their plasma membranes. Therefore, it is crucial to achieve intracellular delivery of trehalose for utilizing the full potential of the sugar for cell banking. In this review, various methods that have been explored to deliver trehalose into mammalian cells for their banking at both cryogenic and ambient temperatures are surveyed. Among them, the nanoparticle-mediated approach is particularly exciting. Collectively, studies in the literature demonstrate the great potential of using trehalose as the sole CPA for cell banking, to facilitate the widespread use of living cells in modern medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoming He
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Xiaoming He, Ph.D., Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.,
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10
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Deprey K, Becker L, Kritzer J, Plückthun A. Trapped! A Critical Evaluation of Methods for Measuring Total Cellular Uptake versus Cytosolic Localization. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:1006-1027. [PMID: 30882208 PMCID: PMC6527423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biomolecules have many properties that make them promising for intracellular therapeutic applications, but delivery remains a key challenge because large biomolecules cannot easily enter the cytosol. Furthermore, quantification of total intracellular versus cytosolic concentrations remains demanding, and the determination of delivery efficiency is thus not straightforward. In this review, we discuss strategies for delivering biomolecules into the cytosol and briefly summarize the mechanisms of uptake for these systems. We then describe commonly used methods to measure total cellular uptake and, more selectively, cytosolic localization, and discuss the major advantages and drawbacks of each method. We critically evaluate methods of measuring "cell penetration" that do not adequately distinguish total cellular uptake and cytosolic localization, which often lead to inaccurate interpretations of a molecule's cytosolic localization. Finally, we summarize the properties and components of each method, including the main caveats of each, to allow for informed decisions about method selection for specific applications. When applied correctly and interpreted carefully, methods for quantifying cytosolic localization offer valuable insight into the bioactivity of biomolecules and potentially the prospects for their eventual development into therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Deprey
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Lukas Becker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joshua Kritzer
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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11
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Oldenhof H, Zhang M, Narten K, Bigalk J, Sydykov B, Wolkers WF, Sieme H. Freezing-induced uptake of disaccharides for preservation of chromatin in freeze-dried stallion sperm during accelerated aging†. Biol Reprod 2017; 97:892-901. [DOI: 10.1093/biolre/iox142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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12
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Wei Y, Ma L, Zhang L, Xu X. Noncovalent interaction-assisted drug delivery system with highly efficient uptake and release of paclitaxel for anticancer therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:7039-7051. [PMID: 29026300 PMCID: PMC5626417 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s144322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective drug delivery system requires efficient drug uptake and release inside cancer cells. Here, we report a novel drug delivery system, in which paclitaxel (PTX) interacts with a novel cell penetrating peptide (CPP) through noncovalent interaction designed based on molecular simulations. This CPP/PTX complex confers high efficiency in delivering PTX into cancer cells not by endocytosis but by an energy-independent pathway. Once inside cells, the noncovalent interaction between PTX and the CPP may allow fast release of PTX within cells due to the direct translocation of CPP/PTX. This drug delivery system exhibits strong capacity for inhibition of tumor growth and offers a new avenue for the development of advanced drug delivery systems for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
| | - Liang Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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13
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HIF1A overexpression using cell-penetrating DNA-binding protein induces angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 437:99-107. [PMID: 28660411 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3098-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF1A) is an important transcription factor for angiogenesis. Recent studies have used the protein transduction domain (PTD) to deliver genes, but the PTD has not been used to induce the expression of HIF1A. This study aimed at using a novel PTD (Hph-1-GAL4; ARVRRRGPRR) to overexpress the HIF1A and identify the effects on angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of HIF1A was induced using Hph-1-GAL4 in human umbilical vein/vascular endothelium cells (HUVEC). The expression levels of genes were analyzed by the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) after 2 and 4 days, respectively. An in vitro tube formation was performed using Diff-Quik staining. HIF1A and Hph-1-GAL4 were injected subcutaneously into the ventral area of each 5-week-old mouse. All of the plugs were retrieved after 1 week, and the gene expression levels were evaluated by qPCR. Each Matrigel plug was evaluated using the hemoglobin assay and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. The expression levels of HIF1A and HIF1A target genes were significantly higher in HIF1A-transfected HUVEC than in control HUVEC in vitro. In the in vivo Matrigel plug assay, the amount of hemoglobin was significantly higher in the HIF1A-treatment group than in the PBS-treatment group. Blood vessels were identified in the HIF1A-treatment group. The expression levels of HIF1A, vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf), and Cd31 were significantly higher in the HIF1A-treatment group than in the PBS-treatment group. These findings suggest that using Hph-1-G4D to overexpress HIF1A might be useful for transferring genes and regenerating tissues.
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14
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Wei Y, Zhang L, Fu Y, Xu X. Rapid delivery of paclitaxel with an organic solvent-free system based on a novel cell penetrating peptide for suppression of tumor growth. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:7768-7774. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01259d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PTX is rapidly translocated into HeLa cells with the help of R7. The intracellular PTX concentration of R7/PTX complex group is 3 fold that of the free PTX group. This delivery system does not contain any organic solvent. The tumor growth is significantly suppressed by a tail vein injection of the R7/PTX complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Yankai Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
| | - Xia Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan
- P. R. China
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15
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Zhang M, Oldenhof H, Sieme H, Wolkers WF. Combining endocytic and freezing-induced trehalose uptake for cryopreservation of mammalian cells. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 33:229-235. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- Inst. of Multiphase Processes; Leibniz Universität Hannover; Hannover Germany
| | - Harriëtte Oldenhof
- Clinic for Horses, Unit for Reproductive Medicine; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Hannover Germany
| | - Harald Sieme
- Clinic for Horses, Unit for Reproductive Medicine; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Hannover Germany
| | - Willem F. Wolkers
- Inst. of Multiphase Processes; Leibniz Universität Hannover; Hannover Germany
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16
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Recent Advances and Future Direction in Lyophilisation and Desiccation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:3604203. [PMID: 27597869 PMCID: PMC5002305 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3604203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are a promising mammalian cell type as they can be used for the reconstruction of human tissues and organs. MSCs are shown to form bone, cartilage, fat, and muscle-like cells under specific cultivation conditions. Current technology of MSCs cryopreservation has significant disadvantages. Alternative technologies of mammalian cells preservation through lyophilisation or desiccation (air-drying) are among the upcoming domains of investigation in the field of cryobiology. Different protectants and their combinations were studied in this context. Loading of the protectant in the live cell can be a challenging issue but recent studies have shown encouraging results. This paper deals with a review of the protectants, methods of their delivery, and physical boundary conditions adopted for the desiccation and lyophilisation of mammalian cells, including MSCs. A hybrid technique combining both methods is also proposed as a promising way of MSCs dry preservation.
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17
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Zhang M, Oldenhof H, Sieme H, Wolkers WF. Freezing-induced uptake of trehalose into mammalian cells facilitates cryopreservation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:1400-9. [PMID: 27003129 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate if membrane-impermeable molecules are taken up by fibroblasts when exposing the cells to membrane phase transitions and/or freezing-induced osmotic forces. The membrane-impermeable fluorescent dye lucifer yellow (LY) was used to visualize and quantify uptake during endocytosis, and after freezing-thawing. In addition, trehalose uptake after freezing and thawing was studied. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic studies showed that fibroblasts display a minor non-cooperative phase transition during cooling at suprazero temperatures, whereas cells display strong highly cooperative fluid-to-gel membrane phase transitions during freezing, both in the absence and presence of protectants. Cells do not show uptake of LY upon passing the suprazero membrane phase transition at 30-10°C, whereas after freezing and thawing cells show intracellular LY equally distributed within the cell. Both, LY and trehalose are taken up by fibroblasts after freezing and thawing with loading efficiencies approaching 50%. When using 250 mM extracellular trehalose during cryopreservation, intracellular concentrations greater than 100 mM were determined after thawing. A plot of cryosurvival versus the cooling rate showed a narrow inverted-'U'-shaped curve with an optimal cooling rate of 40°C min(-1). Diluting cells cryopreserved with trehalose in isotonic cell culture medium resulted in a loss of cell viability, which was attributed to intracellular trehalose causing an osmotic imbalance. Taken together, mammalian cells can be loaded with membrane-impermeable compounds, including the protective agent trehalose, by subjecting the cells to freezing-induced osmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- Institute of Multiphase Processes, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Germany
| | - Harriëtte Oldenhof
- Clinic for Horses, Unit for Reproductive Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany
| | - Harald Sieme
- Clinic for Horses, Unit for Reproductive Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany
| | - Willem F Wolkers
- Institute of Multiphase Processes, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Germany.
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Abstract
Nearly 30years ago, certain small, relatively nontoxic peptides were discovered to be capable of traversing the cell membrane. These cell-penetrating peptides, as they are now called, have been shown to not only be capable of crossing the cell membrane themselves but can also carry many different therapeutic agents into cells, including small molecules, plasmid DNA, siRNA, therapeutic proteins, viruses, imaging agents, and other various nanoparticles. Many cell-penetrating peptides have been derived from natural proteins, but several other cell-penetrating peptides have been developed that are either chimeric or completely synthetic. How cell-penetrating peptides are internalized into cells has been a topic of debate, with some peptides seemingly entering cells through an endocytic mechanism and others by directly penetrating the cell membrane. Although the entry mechanism is still not entirely understood, it seems to be dependent on the peptide type, the peptide concentration, the cargo the peptide transports, and the cell type tested. With new intracellular disease targets being discovered, cell-penetrating peptides offer an exciting approach for delivering drugs to these intracellular targets. There are hundreds of cell-penetrating peptides being studied for drug delivery, and ongoing studies are demonstrating their success both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Ramsey
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States.
| | - Nicholas H Flynn
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States
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