1
|
Ma Z, Chang R, Zhu L, Zhu D, Deng Y, Guo X, Cheng Z, Chen X. Metabolic Engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for Highly Efficient Production of Ectoine. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:2081-2090. [PMID: 38607270 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Ectoine is a compatible solute that functions as a cell protector from various stresses, protecting cells and stabilizing biomolecules, and is widely used in medicine, cosmetics, and biotechnology. Microbial fermentation has been widely used for the large-scale production of ectoine, and a number of fermentation strategies have been developed to increase the ectoine yield, reduce production costs, and simplify the production process. Here, Corynebacterium glutamicum was engineered for ectoine production by heterologous expression of the ectoine biosynthesis operon ectBAC gene from Halomonas elongata, and a series of genetic modifications were implemented. This included introducing the de3 gene from Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) to express the T7 promoter, eliminating the lysine transporter protein lysE to limit lysine production, and performing a targeted mutation lysCS301Y on aspartate kinase to alleviate feedback inhibition of lysine. The new engineered strain Ect10 obtained an ectoine titer of 115.87 g/L in an optimized fed-batch fermentation, representing the highest ectoine production level in C. glutamicum and achieving the efficient production of ectoine in a low-salt environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Ma
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Renjie Chang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Linjiang Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Dianhao Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Yanfeng Deng
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Xinying Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Ziyi Cheng
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
- Quzhou Eco-Industrial Innovation Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Quzhou 324003, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Orhan F, Demirci A, Efe D, Aydın R, Bozarı S. Usage of ectoine as a cryoprotectant for cryopreservation of lactic acid bacteria. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024; 69:133-144. [PMID: 37917277 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-023-01098-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus thermophilus, the only Streptococcus species considered "Generally Recognized Safe", has been used widely in the food industry. This bacterium is one of the most valuable industrial lactic acid bacterial species. Due to the importance of this bacterium in industrial applications, it should be stored for a long time without losing its metabolic properties. The present study aimed to investigate the cryoprotectant effect of three compatible solutes (ectoine, trehalose, and sucrose) on bacterial cells stored at different temperatures (frozen at -80 °C or freeze-dried and subsequently stored at +4, -20, and -80 °C) for three months. The bacterial cells were tested for cell viability, bile salt tolerance, and lactic acid production before and after processing. The highest cell viability, bile salt tolerance, and lactic acid production were obtained with ectoine and under frozen (storage at -80 °C) conditions. In freeze-dried and subsequently stored at various temperatures, the best preservation was obtained at -80 °C, followed by -20 °C and +4 °C. Moreover, when ectoine's preservation potential was compared to other cryoprotectants, ectoine showed the highest preservation, followed by trehalose and sucrose. Although ectoine has a variety of qualities that have been proven, in the current work, we have shown for the first time that ectoine has cryoprotectant potential in yogurt starter cultures (S. thermophilus).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Furkan Orhan
- Art and Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, 4100, Türkiye.
- Central Research and Application Laboratory, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, 4100, Türkiye.
| | - Abdullah Demirci
- Central Research and Application Laboratory, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, 4100, Türkiye
| | - Derya Efe
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Giresun University, Giresun, Türkiye
| | - Rukiye Aydın
- Engineering Faculty, Basic Sciences Department, Samsun University, Samsun, 55420, Türkiye
| | - Sedat Bozarı
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Mus Alparslan University, Mus, 49250, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kadam P, Khisti M, Ravishankar V, Barvkar V, Dhotre D, Sharma A, Shouche Y, Zinjarde S. Recent advances in production and applications of ectoine, a compatible solute of industrial relevance. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 393:130016. [PMID: 37979886 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Extremophilic bacteria growing in saline ecosystems are potential producers of biotechnologically important products including compatible solutes. Ectoine/hydroxyectoine are two such solutes that protect cells and associated macromolecules from osmotic, heat, cold and UV stress without interfering with cellular functions. Since ectoine is a high value product, overviewing strategies for improving yields become relevant. Screening of natural isolates, use of inexpensive substrates and response surface methodology approaches have been used to improve bioprocess parameters. In addition, genome mining exercises can aid in identifying hitherto unreported microorganisms with a potential to produce ectoine that can be exploited in the future. Application wise, ectoine has various biotechnological (protein protectant, membrane modulator, DNA protectant, cryoprotective agent, wastewater treatment) and biomedical (dermatoprotectant and in overcoming respiratory and hypersensitivity diseases) uses. The review summarizes current updates on the potential of microorganisms in the production of this industrially relevant metabolite and its varied applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Kadam
- Department of Biotechnology (with jointly merged Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune,411007, India
| | - Mitesh Khisti
- Department of Biotechnology (with jointly merged Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune,411007, India
| | - Varun Ravishankar
- Department of Biotechnology (with jointly merged Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune,411007, India
| | - Vitthal Barvkar
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune,411007, India
| | - Dhiraj Dhotre
- National Center for Microbial Resource (NCMR), National Center for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune,411007, India
| | - Avinash Sharma
- National Center for Microbial Resource (NCMR), National Center for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune,411007, India; School of Agriculture, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, India
| | - Yogesh Shouche
- National Center for Microbial Resource (NCMR), National Center for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune,411007, India; SKAN Research Center, Bengaluru, India
| | - Smita Zinjarde
- Department of Biotechnology (with jointly merged Institute of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune,411007, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ma Z, Wu C, Zhu L, Chang R, Ma W, Deng Y, Chen X. Bioactivity profiling of the extremolyte ectoine as a promising protectant and its heterologous production. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:331. [PMID: 36311375 PMCID: PMC9606177 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03370-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectoine is a compatible solutes that is diffusely dispersed in bacteria and archaea. It plays a significant role as protectant against various external pressures, such as high temperature, high osmolarity, dryness and radiation, in cells. Ectoine can be utilized in cosmetics due to its properties of moisturizing and antiultraviolet. It can also be used in the pharmaceutical industry for treating various diseases. Therefore, strong protection of ectoine creates a high commercial value. Its current market value is approximately US$1000 kg-1. However, traditional ectoine production in high-salinity media causes high costs of equipment loss and wastewater treatment. There is a growing attention to reduce the salinity of the fermentation broth without sacrificing the production of ectoine. Thus, heterologous production of ectoine in nonhalophilic microorganisms may represent the new generation of the industrial production of ectoine. In this review, we summarized and discussed the biological activities of ectoine on cell and human health protection and its heterologous production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Ma
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chutian Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Linjiang Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Renjie Chang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Weilin Ma
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Deng
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xu X, Li G, Zuo YY. Biophysical properties of tear film lipid layer I. Surface tension and surface rheology. Biophys J 2022; 121:439-450. [PMID: 34958775 PMCID: PMC8822608 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tear film lipid layer (TFLL) is the outmost layer of the tear film. It plays a crucial role in stabilizing the tear film by reducing surface tension and retarding evaporation of the aqueous layer. Dysfunction of the TFLL leads to dysfunctional tear syndrome, with dry eye disease (DED) being the most prevalent eye disease, affecting 10%-30% of the world population. To date, except for treatments alleviating dry eye symptoms, effective therapeutic interventions in treating DED are still lacking. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand the biophysical properties of the TFLL with the long-term goal to develop translational solutions in effectively managing DED. Here, we studied the composition-function correlations of an artificial TFLL, under physiologically relevant conditions, using a novel experimental methodology called constrained drop surfactometry. This artificial TFLL was composed of 40% behenyl oleate and 40% cholesteryl oleate, representing the most abundant wax ester and cholesteryl ester in the natural TFLL, respectively, and 15% phosphatidylcholine and 5% palmitic-acid-9-hydroxy-stearic-acid (PAHSA), which represent the two predominant polar lipid classes in the natural TFLL. Our study suggests that the major biophysical function of phospholipids in the TFLL is to reduce the surface tension, whereas the primary function of PAHSA is to optimize the rheological properties of the TFLL. These findings have novel implications in better understanding the physiological and biophysical functions of the TFLL and may offer new translational insight to the treatment of DED.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu
| | - Guangle Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu
| | - Yi Y. Zuo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu,Department of Pediatrics, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu,Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
As one of the twelve Councilors, it is my pleasure to provide a short biographical sketch for the readers of Biophys. Rev. and for the members of the Biophysical Societies. I have been a member of the council in the former election period. Moreover, I served since decades in the German Biophysical Society (DGfB) as board member, secretary, vice president, and president. I hold a diploma degree in chemistry as well as PhD from the University of Göttingen. The experimental work for both qualifications has been performed at the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry in Göttingen under the guidance of Erich Sackmann and the late Herman Träuble. When E. Sackmann moved to the University of Ulm, I joined his group as a research assistant performing my independent research on structure and dynamics of biological and artificial membranes and qualified for the “habilitation” thesis in Biophysical Chemistry. I have spent a research year at Stanford University supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) and after coming back to Germany, I was appointed as a Heisenberg Fellow by the DFG and became Professor in Biophysical Chemistry in the Chemistry Department of the University of Darmstadt. Since 1990, I spent my career at the Institute for Biochemistry of the University of Muenster as full Professor and Director of the institute. I have trained numerous undergraduate, 150 graduate, and postdoctoral students from chemistry, physics, and also pharmacy as well as biology resulting in more than 350 published papers including reviews and book articles in excellent collaboration with colleagues from different academic disciplines in our university and also internationally, e.g., as a guest professor at the Chemistry Department of the Chinese Academy of Science in Beijing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Joachim Galla
- Institute for Biochemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms Universität Muenster, Corrensstr. 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Topical Ectoine Application in Children and Adults to Treat Inflammatory Diseases Associated with an Impaired Skin Barrier: A Systematic Review. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2022; 12:295-313. [PMID: 35038127 PMCID: PMC8850511 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-021-00676-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inflammatory skin diseases are a significant burden on affected patients. Inflammation is caused by various stress factors to the epidermis resulting in, e.g., dryness, redness, and pruritus. Emollients are used in basic therapy to restore the natural skin barrier and relieve symptoms. A systematic review was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ectoine-containing topical formulations in inflammatory skin diseases characterized by an impaired skin barrier. Methods A systematic review was carried out in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Microsoft Academic up to October 2021. Inclusion criteria were ectoine-containing topical formulations (creams, emollients) used for (adjuvant) therapy of inflammatory skin diseases. Clinical studies of any design published in any language were included. Results A total of 230 references were screened for eligibility, of which six were selected for inclusion in the review (five studies on atopic dermatitis and one study on prevention and management of retinoid dermatitis). The application of topical formulations containing 5.5–7.0% ectoine positively influenced skin dryness and, consequently, pruritus and dermatitis-specific scores in patients with atopic dermatitis. Especially in infants and children, who belong to the most frequently affected group, the formulations were well-tolerated when applied for up to 4 weeks. In studies where ectoine was used as an adjuvant therapy, application was associated with a decreased need for pharmacological therapy and also improved the effectiveness of, e.g., topical corticosteroids. In patients undergoing isotretinoin therapy, ectoine was as effective as dexpanthenol in reducing retinoid dermatitis or improving symptoms. Conclusion Ectoine is an effective natural substance with an excellent tolerability and safety profile, representing a beneficial alternative as basic therapy or to increase the efficacy of the pharmacological treatment regimen for patients with inflammatory skin diseases, including infants and children.
Collapse
|
8
|
Keller F, Heuer A, Galla HJ, Smiatek J. Stabilization of DPPC lipid bilayers in the presence of co-solutes: molecular mechanisms and interaction patterns. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:22936-22946. [PMID: 34622252 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03052c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We study the interactions between dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) lipid bilayers in the gel and the fluid phase with ectoine, amino ectoine and water molecules by means of atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and conceptual density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Our results reveal a pronounced preferential exclusion of both co-solutes from the DPPC lipid bilayer which is stronger for the fluid phase. The corresponding outcomes can be brought into relation with the Kirkwood-Buff theory of solutions in order to provide a thermodynamic rationale for the experimentally observed stabilization of the gel phase. Closely related to preferential exclusion of both co-solutes, our simulations also highlight a preferential hydration behavior as manifested by an increased number of hydrogen bonds between water and DPPC molecules. All results are rationalized by conceptual DFT calculations with regard to differences in the electronic properties between ectoine and amino ectoine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Keller
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Heuer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Galla
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jens Smiatek
- Institute for Computational Physics, University of Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Salem R, ElDyasti A, Audette GF. Biomedical Applications of Biomolecules Isolated from Methanotrophic Bacteria in Wastewater Treatment Systems. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1217. [PMID: 34439884 PMCID: PMC8392503 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants and other remediation facilities serve important roles, both in public health, but also as dynamic research platforms for acquiring useful resources and biomolecules for various applications. An example of this is methanotrophic bacteria within anaerobic digestion processes in wastewater treatment plants. These bacteria are an important microbial source of many products including ectoine, polyhydroxyalkanoates, and methanobactins, which are invaluable to the fields of biotechnology and biomedicine. Here we provide an overview of the methanotrophs' unique metabolism and the biochemical pathways involved in biomolecule formation. We also discuss the potential biomedical applications of these biomolecules through creation of beneficial biocompatible products including vaccines, prosthetics, electronic devices, drug carriers, and heart stents. We highlight the links between molecular biology, public health, and environmental science in the advancement of biomedical research and industrial applications using methanotrophic bacteria in wastewater treatment systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rana Salem
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada;
| | - Ahmed ElDyasti
- Department of Civil Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada;
| | - Gerald F. Audette
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada;
- The Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bilstein A, Heinrich A, Rybachuk A, Mösges R. Ectoine in the Treatment of Irritations and Inflammations of the Eye Surface. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:8885032. [PMID: 33628826 PMCID: PMC7889333 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8885032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The ocular surface is facing various unspecific stress factors resulting in irritation and inflammation of the epithelia, causing discomfort to the patients. Ectoine is a bacteria-derived extremolyte with the ability to protect proteins and biological membranes from damage caused by extreme environmental conditions like heat, UV-light, high osmolarity, or dryness. Evidence from preclinical and clinical studies attest its effectiveness in treating several epithelium-associated inflammatory diseases, including the eye surface. In this review, we analysed 16 recent clinical trials investigating ectoine eye drops in patients with allergic conjunctivitis or with other unspecific ocular inflammations caused by e.g. ophthalmic surgery. Findings from these studies were reviewed in context with other published work on ectoine. In summary, patients with irritations and unspecific inflammations of the ocular surface have been treated successfully with ectoine-containing eye drops. In these patients, significant improvement was observed in ocular symptoms of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, postoperative secondary dry eye syndrome, or ocular reepithelisation after surgery. Using ectoine as an add-on therapy to antihistamines, in allergy patients accelerated symptom relief by days, and its use as an add-on to antibiotics resulted in faster wound closure. Ectoine is a natural substance with an excellent tolerability and safety profile thus representing a helpful alternative for patients with inflammatory irritation of the ocular surface, who wish to avoid local reactions and side effects associated with pharmacological therapies or wish to increase the efficacy of standard treatment regimen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Rybachuk
- Bogomolets National Medical University, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tarasa Shevchenko Blvd, 13, Kiev, Ukraine 01601
- State Institution “O.S. Kolomiychenko Institute of Otolaryngology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”, Zoolohichna St, 3, Kiev, Ukraine 03057
| | - Ralph Mösges
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- CRI Ltd., Genter Str. 7, 50672 Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chachaj-Brekiesz A, Wnętrzak A, Lipiec E, Kobierski J, Dynarowicz-Latka P. Perfluorohexyloctane (F 6H 8) as a delivery agent for cyclosporine A in dry eye syndrome therapy - Langmuir monolayer study complemented with infrared nanospectroscopy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 184:110564. [PMID: 31704647 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
One of the key challenges in dry eye syndrome therapy is to find a suitable carrier for immunosuppressant drug - cyclosporine A (CsA) - delivery to the eye. To investigate this issue, herein we present a methodology based on the combined analysis in macro- (Langmuir monolayers), micro- (Brewster angle microscopy) and nanoscale (atomic force microscopy and infrared nano-spectroscopy). The applied approach proves that CsA affects the phospholipid part of the tear film lipid layer by loosening molecular packing. This effect can be reversed by the addition of perfluorohexyloctane (F6H8). We have highlighted that F6H8 increases the availability of CsA and therefore is appropriate carrier for CsA topical delivery to the eye in the dry eye syndrome. In addition, the applied herein procedure provides a simple, low-cost laboratory tool for preliminary studies involving membrane active pharmaceuticals, preceding in vivo tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Chachaj-Brekiesz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Anita Wnętrzak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewelina Lipiec
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland; The Henryk Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jan Kobierski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kassenböhmer R, Heeger M, Dwivedi M, Körsgen M, Tyler BJ, Galla HJ, Arlinghaus HF. 3D Molecular ToF-SIMS Imaging of Artificial Lipid Membranes Using a Discriminant Analysis-Based Algorithm. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:8750-8757. [PMID: 29969039 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Artificial lipid membranes play a growing role in technical applications such as biosensors in pharmacological research and as model systems in the investigation of biological lipid films. In the standard procedure for displaying the distribution of membrane components, fluorescence microscopy, the fluorophores used can influence the distribution of the components and usually not all substances can be displayed at the same time. The discriminant analysis-based algorithm used in combination with scanning time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) enables marker-free, quantitative, simultaneous recording of all membrane components. These data are used for reconstruction of distribution patterns. In the model system used for this survey, a tear fluid lipid layer, the distribution patterns of all lipids correlate well in calculated ToF-SIMS images and epi-fluorescence microscopic images. All epi-fluorescence microscopically viewable structures are visible when using both positive and negative secondary ions and can be reproduced with high lateral resolution in the submicrometer range despite the very low signal intensity and a very low signal-to-noise ratio. In addition, three-dimensional images can be obtained with a subnanometer depth resolution. Furthermore, structures and the distribution of substances that cannot be made visible by epi-fluorescence microscopy can be displayed. This enables new insights that cannot be gained by epi-fluorescence microscopy alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Kassenböhmer
- Physikalisches Institut , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Marcel Heeger
- Physikalisches Institut , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Mridula Dwivedi
- Institut für Biochemie , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 2 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Martin Körsgen
- Physikalisches Institut , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Bonnie J Tyler
- Physikalisches Institut , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Galla
- Institut für Biochemie , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 2 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Heinrich F Arlinghaus
- Physikalisches Institut , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dao VA, Bilstein A, Overhagen S, Géczi L, Baráth Z, Mösges R. Effectiveness, Tolerability, and Safety of Ectoine-Containing Mouthwash Versus Those of a Calcium Phosphate Mouthwash for the Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced Oral Mucositis: A Prospective, Active-Controlled, Non-interventional Study. Oncol Ther 2018; 6:59-72. [PMID: 32700140 PMCID: PMC7360009 DOI: 10.1007/s40487-018-0060-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Oral mucositis is a frequent complication of cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Ectoine is a natural extremolyte that can stabilize biological membranes and counteract inflammatory reactions. This study investigated ectoine-containing mouthwash for the prophylaxis and the treatment of oral mucositis. Its effectiveness, tolerability, and safety were compared to those of the local standard-of-care calcium phosphate mouthwash. Methods This prospective, active-controlled, observational study was conducted in two study centers in Hungary from January 2016 to October 2017. Sixty patients undergoing chemotherapy were to be recruited and allocated to one of three treatment arms: prophylactic treatment with ectoine (20 patients), active treatment with ectoine (20 patients), or calcium phosphate (20 patients). The study lasted 21 days, comprising four visits on day 0, day 7, day 14, and day 21. Results In all, 45 patients were included in the study (prophylactic ectoine, 10 patients; active ectoine, 20 patients; calcium phosphate, 15 patients). In the prophylactic ectoine group, few mucositis symptoms of mild or moderate severity occurred throughout the study. In the active ectoine and the calcium phosphate groups, symptoms of mild and moderate severity at inclusion were reduced significantly after 14 days of treatment and were mostly resolved at the end of the study. The difference between the active ectoine and the calcium phosphate groups was not significant. According to patients’ assessments, ectoine mouthwash was more effective and tolerable than calcium phosphate mouthwash. Conclusions Ectoine mouthwash is safe, well tolerated, and effective for the active treatment of oral mucositis following chemotherapy. Its effectiveness is comparable to that of calcium phosphate. Patients prefer ectoine mouthwash to calcium phosphate mouthwash. Trial Registration Number NCT02816515. Funding Bitop AG (Dortmund, Germany). Plain Language Summary Plain language summary available for this article. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s40487-018-0060-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Oral mucositis is the inflammation of the mucosa of the oral cavity. It is a frequent complication of cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Approximately 20–40% of patients undergoing chemotherapy suffer from oral mucositis. It is very painful, impairs eating, drinking, and quality of life. One of the most effective yet simple measures to prevent and treat oral mucositis is oral care with mouthwash. Ectoine is a natural substance that was discovered in halophilic (salt-loving) bacteria. Ectoine can protect these bacteria against dehydration because it can attract water molecules and strengthen biological membranes. Ectoine is used to treat many diseases caused by allergens, UV light, air pollution, heat, and dryness. Ectoine (Ectoin®) mouthwash is produced by bitop AG (Dortmund, Germany) to treat dry mouth and other symptoms of inflamed oral mucosa. This study investigated ectoine mouthwash for the treatment of oral mucositis following chemotherapy. It was compared to the local standard-of-care calcium phosphate mouthwash. One group of patients was treated with ectoine mouthwash and the other with calcium phosphate mouthwash. After 14 days, mucositis symptoms were substantially reduced in both groups. After 21 days, all patients were almost cured of oral mucositis. Additionally, after the treatment, patients rated how effective and tolerable the treatment was. Here, more patients treated with ectoine rated their treatment as effective and tolerable than those treated with calcium phosphate. This study shows that ectoine mouthwash is tolerable and effective for the treatment of mucositis. Patients preferred ectoine mouthwash to calcium phosphate mouthwash.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Van Anh Dao
- CRI - Clinical Research International Ltd., Genter Str. 7, 50672, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | - Lajos Géczi
- Department of Oncological Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology "C", National Institute of Oncology Hungary, Budapest, 1026, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Baráth
- National Korányi Institute of TB and Pulmonology, Budapest, 1121, Hungary
| | - Ralph Mösges
- CRI - Clinical Research International Ltd., Genter Str. 7, 50672, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wizert A, Iskander DR, Cwiklik L. Interaction of lysozyme with a tear film lipid layer model: A molecular dynamics simulation study. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:2289-2296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
15
|
Yun JH, Bae JW. Complete genome sequence of the halophile bacterium Kushneria marisflavi KCCM 80003 T, isolated from seawater in Korea. Mar Genomics 2017; 37:35-38. [PMID: 33250124 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We present the genome sequence of Kushneria marisflavi KCCM 80003T isolated from Yellow Sea in Korea. The complete genome of KCCM 80003T consisted of a single, circular chromosome of 3,667,185bp, with an average G+C content of 59.05%, and 3287 coding sequences, 12 rRNAs, and 66 tRNAs. Kushneria marisflavi KCCM 80003T, belonging to the family Halomonadaceae, exhibited resistance to high salt concentrations and possessed potassium metabolism- or osmotic stress-related coding sequences, including potassium homeostasis, ectoine biosynthesis and regulation, choline and betaine uptake, and betaine biosynthesis features in the genome. These results provide a basis for understanding resistance strategies to osmotic stress at the genetic level and accordingly have implications for genetic engineering and biotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyun Yun
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Bae
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bownik A, Stępniewska Z. Ectoine as a promising protective agent in humans and animals. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2017; 67:260-265. [PMID: 28033102 DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectoine is a compatible water molecule-binding solute (osmoprotectant) produced by several bacterial species in response to osmotic stress and unfavourable environmental conditions. This amino acid derivative can accumulate inside cells at high concentrations without interfering with natural processes and can protect the cell against radiation or osmotic stress. This brief review presents the current state of knowledge about the effects of ectoine on animals and focuses on its practical use for enzyme stabilisation, human skin protection, anti-inflammatory treatment, inhibitory effects in neurodegenerative diseases, and other therapeutic potential in human or veterinary medicine.
Collapse
|
17
|
Patterson M, Vogel HJ, Prenner EJ. The effect of repeated lateral compression and expansions mimicking blinking on selected tear film polar lipid monofilms. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1859:319-330. [PMID: 27993563 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The tear film lipid layer is formed on the anterior surface of the eye, functioning as a barrier to excess evaporation and foreign particles, while also providing stability to the tear film. The lipid layer is organized into a polar lipid layer consisting of phospholipids, ceramides, and free fatty acids that act as a surfactant to a non-polar multilayer of wax and cholesterol esters. Due to shear forces from eye movement and the compression and expansion of blinking, the tear lipids are under constant stress. However, tear film is able to resist immediate rupture and remains intact over multiple blinks. This work aimed to better understand the lateral organization of selected tear film polar lipids. The polar lipid biomimetic studied here consisted of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC), dipalmitoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DPPE), palmitoyl glucosylceramide (PGC), and palmitoyl sphingomyelin (PSM). Surface pressure-area isocycles mimicked blinking and films were visualized by Brewster angle microscopy (BAM). All lipid systems formed relatively reversible films as indicated by limited hysteresis. However, pure DPPC and PSM films experienced greater changes in lipid packing upon compression and expansion compared to pure PGC and DPPE. This suggests that the driving force behind maintaining the lateral organization of the polar lipids from tear film may be the hydrogen bonding propensities of the head groups. Additionally, isocycles of films containing DPPC, DPPE, and PGC mixtures exhibited evidence for reversible multilayer formation or folding. This was supported by 3D analysis of structures that formed during compression but reintegrated back into the bulk lipid film during expansion near the in vitro tear film surface pressure of the open eye. Therefore, the polar lipids of tear film may be directly involved in preventing film rupture during a blink.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Patterson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hans J Vogel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Elmar J Prenner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Efficacy and tolerability of an ectoine mouth and throat spray compared with those of saline lozenges in the treatment of acute pharyngitis and/or laryngitis: a prospective, controlled, observational clinical trial. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 273:2591-7. [PMID: 27126336 PMCID: PMC4974281 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-016-4060-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this observational trial was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a mouth and throat spray containing ectoine in the treatment of acute pharyngitis and/or laryngitis. The outcome was compared with control treatment using saline lozenges. This study was designed as a prospective, controlled, non-randomized, observational multicenter clinical trial and was conducted in Germany. The study population consisted of 95 patients. The decision for treatment with either spray or lozenges was based on the patients’ preference for pharyngeal or oral application. Investigators assessed symptoms specific to acute pharyngitis/laryngitis and determined the pharyngitis symptom score. Both patients and investigators evaluated the tolerability and efficacy of the treatment applied. Treatment with the spray showed higher efficacy, 1.95 ± 0.81 versus 1.68 ± 0.67 (investigators) and 1.97 ± 0.88 versus 1.57 ± 0.69 (patients, p < 0.05). Treatment with the spray resulted in significantly greater reduction of cervical lymph node swelling (p < 0.05), ∆ spray = 0.44 ± 0.62, ∆ lozenges = 0.21 ± 0.62. The lozenges showed some advantage in relieving cough, ∆ lozenges = 0.62 ± 0.94 versus ∆ spray = 0.44 ± 0.85. Both patients and investigators rated the tolerability of both medical devices as “good” to “very good”. Adverse events of mild to moderate severity were either possibly related or not related to the medical devices used. No serious adverse events occurred. Taken together, while the tolerability was consistent in both treatment groups, the ectoine-based spray showed superior efficacy in treating acute pharyngitis and/or laryngitis.
Collapse
|
19
|
Chao W, Belmonte C, Benitez del Castillo JM, Bron AJ, Dua HS, Nichols KK, Novack GD, Schrader S, Willcox MD, Wolffsohn JS, Sullivan DA. Report of the Inaugural Meeting of the TFOS i2 = initiating innovation Series: Targeting the Unmet Need for Dry Eye Treatment. Ocul Surf 2016; 14:264-316. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
20
|
Dewetting and deposition of thin films with insoluble surfactants from curved silicone hydrogel substrates. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 449:428-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
21
|
Bhamla MS, Nash WL, Elliott S, Fuller GG. Influence of lipid coatings on surface wettability characteristics of silicone hydrogels. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:3820-3828. [PMID: 25280206 DOI: 10.1021/la503437a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Insoluble lipids serve vital functions in our bodies and interact with biomedical devices, e.g., the tear film on a contact lens. Over a period of time, these naturally occurring lipids form interfacial coatings that modify the wettability characteristics of these foreign synthetic surfaces. In this study, we examine the deposition and consequences of tear film lipids on silicone hydrogel (SiHy) contact lenses. We use bovine meibum, which is a complex mixture of waxy esters, cholesterol esters, and lipids that is secreted from the meibomian glands located on the upper and lower eyelids of mammals. For comparison, we study two commercially available model materials: dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and cholesterol. Upon deposition, we find that DPPC and meibum remain closer to the SiHy surface than cholesterol, which diffuses further into the porous SiHy matrix. In addition, we also monitor the fate of unstable thin liquid films that consequently rupture and dewet on these lipid-decorated surfaces. This dewetting provides valuable qualitative and quantitative information about the wetting characteristics of these SiHy substrates. We observe that decorating the SiHy surface with simple model lipids such as DPPC and cholesterol increases the hydrophilicity, which consequently inhibits dewetting, whereas meibum behaves conversely.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Saad Bhamla
- †Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Walter L Nash
- ‡Alcon Research Ltd., Fort Worth, Texas 76134, United States
| | - Stacey Elliott
- ‡Alcon Research Ltd., Fort Worth, Texas 76134, United States
| | - Gerald G Fuller
- †Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| |
Collapse
|