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Mohan T, Kleinschek KS, Kargl R. Polysaccharide peptide conjugates: Chemistry, properties and applications. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 280:118875. [PMID: 35027118 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The intention of this publication is to give an overview on research related to conjugates of polysaccharides and peptides. Dextran, chitosan, and alginate were selected, to cover four of the most often encountered functional groups known to be present in polysaccharides. These groups are the hydroxyl, the amine, the carboxyl, and the acetal functionality. A collection of the commonly used chemical reactions for conjugation is provided. Conjugation results into distinct properties compared to the parent polysaccharide, and a number of these characteristics are highlighted. This review aims at demonstrating the applicability of said conjugates with a strong emphasis on biomedical applications, drug delivery, biosensing, and tissue engineering. Some suggestions are made for more rigorous chemistries and analytics that could be investigated. Finally, an outlook is given into which direction the field could be developed further. We hope that this survey provides the reader with a comprehensive summary and contributes to the progress of works that aim at synthetically combining two of the main building blocks of life into supramolecular structures with unprecedented biological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamilselvan Mohan
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Biobased Systems (IBIOSYS), Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Karin Stana Kleinschek
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Biobased Systems (IBIOSYS), Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rupert Kargl
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Biobased Systems (IBIOSYS), Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria; Institute for Automation, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
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2
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Becker B, Englert S, Schneider H, Yanakieva D, Hofmann S, Dombrowsky C, Macarrón Palacios A, Bitsch S, Elter A, Meckel T, Kugler B, Schirmacher A, Avrutina O, Diederichsen U, Kolmar H. Multivalent dextran hybrids for efficient cytosolic delivery of biomolecular cargoes. J Pept Sci 2021; 27:e3298. [PMID: 33458922 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel biotherapeutics based on peptides and proteins is often limited to extracellular targets, because these molecules are not able to reach the cytosol. In recent years, several approaches were proposed to overcome this limitation. A plethora of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) was developed for cytoplasmic delivery of cell-impermeable cargo molecules. For many CPPs, multimerization or multicopy arrangement on a scaffold resulted in improved delivery but also higher cytotoxicity. Recently, we introduced dextran as multivalent, hydrophilic polysaccharide scaffold for multimerization of cell-targeting cargoes. Here, we investigated covalent conjugation of a CPP to dextran in multiple copies and assessed the ability of resulted molecular hybrid to enter the cytoplasm of mammalian cells without largely compromising cell viability. As a CPP, we used a novel, low-toxic cationic amphiphilic peptide L17E derived from M-lycotoxin. Here, we show that cell-penetrating properties of L17E are retained upon multivalent covalent linkage to dextran. Dextran-L17E efficiently mediated cytoplasmic translocation of an attached functional peptide and a peptide nucleic acid (PNA). Moreover, a synthetic route was established to mask the lysine side chains of L17E with a photolabile protecting group thus opening avenues for light-triggered activation of cellular uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Becker
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, Darmstadt, 64287, Germany
| | - Simon Englert
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, Darmstadt, 64287, Germany
| | - Hendrik Schneider
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, Darmstadt, 64287, Germany
| | - Desislava Yanakieva
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, Darmstadt, 64287, Germany
| | - Sarah Hofmann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, Darmstadt, 64287, Germany
| | - Carolin Dombrowsky
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, Darmstadt, 64287, Germany
| | - Arturo Macarrón Palacios
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, Darmstadt, 64287, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bitsch
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, Darmstadt, 64287, Germany
| | - Adrian Elter
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, Darmstadt, 64287, Germany.,Merck Lab, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, Darmstadt, 64287, Germany
| | - Tobias Meckel
- Merck Lab, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, Darmstadt, 64287, Germany
| | - Benedikt Kugler
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Anastasyia Schirmacher
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Olga Avrutina
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, Darmstadt, 64287, Germany
| | - Ulf Diederichsen
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, Darmstadt, 64287, Germany
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3
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Komin A, Bogorad MI, Lin R, Cui H, Searson PC, Hristova K. A peptide for transcellular cargo delivery: Structure-function relationship and mechanism of action. J Control Release 2020; 324:633-643. [PMID: 32474121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The rate of transport of small molecule drugs across biological barriers, such as the blood-brain barrier, is often a limiting factor in achieving a therapeutic dose. One proposed strategy to enhance delivery across endothelial or epithelial monolayers is conjugation to cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs); however, very little is known about the design of CPPs for efficient transcellular transport. Here, we report on transcellular transport of a CPP, designated the CL peptide, that increases the delivery of small-molecule cargoes across model epithelium approximately 10-fold. The CL peptide contains a helix-like motif and a polyarginine tail. We investigated the effect of cargo, helix-like motif sequence, polyarginine tail length, and peptide stereochemistry on cargo delivery. We showed that there is an optimal helix-like motif sequence (RLLRLLR) and polyarginine tail length (R7) for cargo delivery. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the peptide-cargo conjugate is cleaved by cells in the epithelium at the site of a two-amino acid linker. The cleavage releases the cargo with the N-terminal linker amino acid from the peptide prior to transport out of the epithelium. These studies provide new insight into the sequence requirements for developing novel CPPs for transcellular delivery of cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Komin
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Maxim I Bogorad
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Ran Lin
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Honggang Cui
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Peter C Searson
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Kalina Hristova
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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4
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Zuconelli CR, Schmidt S, Wallbrecher R, van Oostrum J, Bartels YL, Didan Y, Berendsen ML, Brock R, Adjobo-Hermans MJ. Modulation of Orai1 by cationic peptides triggers their direct cytosolic uptake. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.183155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Alizadeh S, Irani S, Bolhassani A, Sadat SM. Simultaneous use of natural adjuvants and cell penetrating peptides improves HCV NS3 antigen-specific immune responses. Immunol Lett 2019; 212:70-80. [PMID: 31254535 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To improve an effective hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapeutic vaccine, induction of a strong and long term HCV antigen-specific immune response is an important parameter. HCV non-structural protein 3 (NS3) has antigenic properties and plays a major role in viral clearance. In this study, DNA constructs encoding HCV NS3 and heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27)-NS3 genes, and the recombinant (r) NS3 and rHsp27-NS3 proteins complexed with HR9 and Cady-2 cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) were utilized to evaluate antibody, cytokine and Granzyme B secretion in mice. Herein, the formation of NS3 and Hsp27-NS3 DNA/ HR9 CPP complexes were revealed by gel retardation assay and protection against DNase and protease. Cady-2 peptide was used to form the nanoparticles with rNS3 and rHsp27-NS3 proteins. The size and charge of the nanoparticles were confirmed by SEM and Zetasizer instruments. Next, in vitro transfection of the nanoparticles was assessed by flow cytometry and western blotting. Finally, humoral and cellular immune responses were evaluated using different modalities in mice. Our data showed that HR9 and Cady-2 could form stable nanoparticles with DNA and proteins, respectively and enhance their delivery into HEK-293 T cells in a non-covalent approach. Furthermore, the heterologous Hsp27-NS3 DNA + HR9 prime/rHsp27-NS3+Cady-2 protein boost elicited a higher Th1 cellular immune response with a predominant IgG2a, IgG2b, IFN-γ profile and strong Granzyme B secretion than those induced by other groups. Briefly, the combination of a natural adjuvant (Hsp27) and CPPs (HR9 and Cady-2) could significantly stimulate effective immune responses as a promising approach for development of HCV therapeutic vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Alizadeh
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Irani
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mehdi Sadat
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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6
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van Oppen LMPE, Pille J, Stuut C, van Stevendaal M, van der Vorm LN, Smeitink JAM, Koopman WJH, Willems PHGM, van Hest JCM, Brock R. Octa-arginine boosts the penetration of elastin-like polypeptide nanoparticles in 3D cancer models. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 137:175-184. [PMID: 30776413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) nanoparticles are a versatile platform for targeted drug delivery. As for any type of nanocarrier system, an important challenge remains the ability of deep (tumor) tissue penetration. In this study, ELP particles with controlled surface density of the cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) octa-arginine (R8) were created by temperature-induced co-assembly. ELPs formed micellar nanoparticles with a diameter of around 60 nm. Cellular uptake in human skin fibroblasts was directly dependent on the surface density of R8 as confirmed by flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Remarkably, next to promoting cellular uptake, the presence of the CPP also enhanced penetration into spheroids generated from human glioblastoma U-87 cells. After 24 h, uptake into cells was observed in multiple layers towards the spheroid core. ELP particles not carrying any CPP did not penetrate. Clearly, a high CPP density exerted a dual benefit on cellular uptake and tissue penetration. At low nanoparticle concentration, there was evidence of a binding site barrier as observed for the penetration of molecules binding with high affinity to cell surface receptors. In conclusion, R8-functionalized ELP nanoparticles form an excellent delivery vehicle that combines tunability of surface characteristics with small and well-defined size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne M P E van Oppen
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Pille
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Department of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, PO Box 9010, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Christiaan Stuut
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marleen van Stevendaal
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Engineering & Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa N van der Vorm
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan A M Smeitink
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Werner J H Koopman
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter H G M Willems
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan C M van Hest
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Department of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, PO Box 9010, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Roland Brock
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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7
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Melamed JR, Kreuzberger NL, Goyal R, Day ES. Spherical Nucleic Acid Architecture Can Improve the Efficacy of Polycation-Mediated siRNA Delivery. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 12:207-219. [PMID: 30195760 PMCID: PMC6023847 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Clinical translation of small interfering RNA (siRNA) nanocarriers is hindered by limited knowledge regarding the parameters that regulate interactions between nanocarriers and biological systems. To address this, we investigated the influence of polycation-based nanocarrier architecture on intracellular siRNA delivery. We compared the cellular interactions of two polycation-based siRNA carriers that have similar size and surface charge but different siRNA orientation: (1) polyethylenimine-coated spherical nucleic acids (PEI-SNAs), in which polyethylenimine is wrapped around a spherical nucleic acid core containing radially oriented siRNA and (2) randomly assembled polyethylenimine-siRNA polyplexes that lack controlled architecture. We found that PEI-SNAs undergo enhanced and more rapid cellular uptake than polyplexes, suggesting a prominent role for architecture in cellular uptake. Confocal microscopy studies demonstrated that while PEI-SNAs and polyplexes exhibit similar intracellular stability, PEI-SNAs undergo decreased accumulation within lysosomes, identifying another advantage conferred by their architecture. Indeed, these advantageous cellular interactions enhanced the gene silencing potency of PEI-SNAs by 10-fold relative to polyplexes. Finally, cytocompatibility studies showed that PEI-SNAs exhibit decreased toxicity per PEI content relative to polyplexes, allowing the use of more polycation. Our studies provide critical insight into design considerations for engineering siRNA carriers and warrant future investigation of how nanocarrier architecture influences cellular-, organ-, and organism-level interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilian R Melamed
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | | | - Ritu Goyal
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Emily S Day
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; Materials Science & Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; Helen F. Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute, Newark, DE 19713, USA.
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8
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Sugiyama N, Sonay AY, Tussiwand R, Cohen BE, Pantazis P. Effective Labeling of Primary Somatic Stem Cells with BaTiO 3 Nanocrystals for Second Harmonic Generation Imaging. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:1703386. [PMID: 29356374 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201703386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
While nanoparticles are an increasingly popular choice for labeling and tracking stem cells in biomedical applications such as cell therapy, their intracellular fate and subsequent effect on stem cell differentiation remain elusive. To establish an effective stem cell labeling strategy, the intracellular nanocrystal concentration should be minimized to avoid adverse effects, without compromising the intensity and persistence of the signal necessary for long-term tracking. Here, the use of second-harmonic generating barium titanate nanocrystals is reported, whose achievable brightness allows for high contrast stem cell labeling with at least one order of magnitude lower intracellular nanocrystals than previously reported. Their long-term photostability enables to investigate quantitatively at the single cell level their cellular fate in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) using both multiphoton and electron microscopy. It is found that the concentration of nanocrystals in proliferative multipotent progenitors is over 2.5-fold greater compared to quiescent stem cells; this difference vanishes when HSCs enter a nonquiescent, proliferative state, while their potency remains unaffected. Understanding the nanoparticle stem cell interaction allows to establish an effective and safe nanoparticle labeling strategy into somatic stem cells that can critically contribute to an understanding of their in vivo therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nami Sugiyama
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering (D-BSSE), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ali Y Sonay
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering (D-BSSE), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roxanne Tussiwand
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bruce E Cohen
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Periklis Pantazis
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering (D-BSSE), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
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9
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Xu X, Li Y, Liang Q, Song Z, Li F, He H, Wang J, Zhu L, Lin Z, Yin L. Efficient Gene Delivery Mediated by a Helical Polypeptide: Controlling the Membrane Activity via Multivalency and Light-Assisted Photochemical Internalization (PCI). ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:256-266. [PMID: 29206023 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b15896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of robust and nontoxic membrane-penetrating materials is highly demanded for nonviral gene delivery. Herein, a photosensitizer (PS)-embedded, star-shaped helical polypeptide was developed, which combines the advantages of multivalency-enhanced intracellular DNA uptake and light-strengthened endosomal escape to enable highly efficient gene delivery with low toxicity. 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis-(4-aminophenyl) porphyrin as a selected PS initiated ring-opening polymerization of N-carboxyanhydride and yielded a star-shaped helical polypeptide after side-chain functionalization with guanidine groups. The star polypeptide afforded a notably higher transfection efficiency and lower cytotoxicity than those of its linear analogue. Light irradiation caused almost complete (∼90%) endosomal release of the DNA cargo via the photochemical internalization (PCI) mechanism and further led to a 6-8-fold increment of the transfection efficiency in HeLa, B16F10, and RAW 264.7 cells, outperforming commercial reagent 25k PEI by up to 3 orders of magnitude. Because the PS and DNA cargoes were compartmentalized distantly in the core and polypeptide layers, respectively, the generated reactive oxygen species caused minimal damage to DNA molecules to preserve their transfection potency. Such multivalency- and PCI-potentiated gene delivery efficiency was also demonstrated in vivo in melanoma-bearing mice. This study thus provides a promising strategy to overcome the multiple membrane barriers against nonviral gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yongjuan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qiujun Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ziyuan Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 1304 W Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Fangfang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hua He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lipeng Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhifeng Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine , Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Lichen Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China
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10
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Breger JC, Muttenthaler M, Delehanty JB, Thompson DA, Oh E, Susumu K, Deschamps JR, Anderson GP, Field LD, Walper SA, Dawson PE, Medintz IL. Nanoparticle cellular uptake by dendritic wedge peptides: achieving single peptide facilitated delivery. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:10447-10464. [PMID: 28703833 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr03362a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Significant efforts are being undertaken to optimize the cargo carrying capacity and especially the cellular delivery efficiency of functionalized nanoparticles for applications in biological research and pharmacological delivery. One approach to increasing nanoparticle surface cargo display capacity is to decrease the number of moieties required for mediating cellular delivery by improving their efficiency. We describe a series of multivalent cell penetrating peptide (CPP) dendrimers that facilitate rapid cellular delivery of prototypical nanoparticle-semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). The modular CPP dendrimers were assembled through an innovative convergent oxime ligation strategy between (Arg9)n motifs and a dendritic QD-coordination scaffold. Dendrimeric peptides sequentially incorporate a terminal (His)6 motif for metal-affinity QD coordination, a Pro9 spacer, a branching poly-lysine scaffold, and wedged display of (Arg9)n binding motifs with n = 1×, 2×, 4×, 8×, 16× multivalency. QD dendrimer display capacity was estimated using structural simulations and QD-(Arg9)1-16 conjugates characterized by dynamic light scattering along with surface plasmon resonance-based binding assays to heparan sulfate proteoglycan surfaces. Cellular uptake via endocytosis was confirmed and peptide delivery kinetics investigated as a function of QD-(Arg9)1-16 conjugate exposure time and QD assembly ratio where cellular viability assays reflected no overt cytotoxicity. The ability of single dendrimer conjugates to facilitate cellular uptake was confirmed for QD-(Arg9)2-16 repeats along with the ability to deliver >850 kDa of protein cargo per QD. Minimizing the number of CPPs required for cellular uptake is critical for expanding nanoparticle cargo carrying capacity and can allow for inclusion of additional sensors, therapeutics and contrast agents on their surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce C Breger
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA. and American Society for Engineering Education, Washington, DC 20036, USA
| | - Markus Muttenthaler
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 4072 St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - James B Delehanty
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA.
| | - Darren A Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA and University of Idaho, Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814, USA
| | - Eunkeu Oh
- Optical Sciences Division, Code 5600, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA and Sotera Defense Solutions, Inc., Columbia, MD 21046, USA
| | - Kimihiro Susumu
- Optical Sciences Division, Code 5600, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA and Sotera Defense Solutions, Inc., Columbia, MD 21046, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Deschamps
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA.
| | - George P Anderson
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA.
| | - Lauren D Field
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA. and Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Scott A Walper
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA.
| | - Philip E Dawson
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Igor L Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA.
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11
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Štirn Ž, Ručigaj A, Krajnc M. Innovative approach using aminomaleimide for unlocking phenolic diversity in high-performance maleimidobenzoxazine resins. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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12
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Human-derived fusogenic peptides for the intracellular delivery of proteins. J Control Release 2017; 255:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.03.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Peptide-based strategies for enhanced cell uptake, transcellular transport, and circulation: Mechanisms and challenges. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 110-111:52-64. [PMID: 27313077 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Peptides are emerging as a new tool in drug and gene delivery. Peptide-drug conjugates and peptide-modified drug delivery systems provide new opportunities to avoid macrophage recognition and subsequent phagocytosis, cross endothelial and epithelial barriers, and enter the cytoplasm of target cells. Peptides are relatively small, low-cost, and are stable in a wide range of biological conditions. In this review, we summarize recent work in designing peptides to enhance penetration of biological barriers, increase cell uptake, and avoid the immune system. We highlight recent successes and contradictory results, and outline common emerging concepts and design rules. The development of sequence-structure-function relationships and standard protocols for benchmarking will be a key to progress in the field.
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14
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Uptake Mechanism of Cell-Penetrating Peptides. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1030:255-264. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-66095-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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15
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Benito AB, Aiertza MK, Marradi M, Gil-Iceta L, Shekhter Zahavi T, Szczupak B, Jiménez-González M, Reese T, Scanziani E, Passoni L, Matteoli M, De Maglie M, Orenstein A, Oron-Herman M, Kostenich G, Buzhansky L, Gazit E, Grande HJ, Gómez-Vallejo V, Llop J, Loinaz I. Functional Single-Chain Polymer Nanoparticles: Targeting and Imaging Pancreatic Tumors in Vivo. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:3213-3221. [PMID: 27608431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of tools for the early diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma is an urgent need in order to increase treatment success rate and reduce patient mortality. Here, we present a modular nanosystem platform integrating soft nanoparticles with a targeting peptide and an active imaging agent for diagnostics. Biocompatible single-chain polymer nanoparticles (SCPNs) based on poly(methacrylic acid) were prepared and functionalized with the somatostatin analogue PTR86 as the targeting moiety, since somatostatin receptors are overexpressed in pancreatic cancer. The gamma emitter 67Ga was incorporated by chelation and allowed in vivo investigation of the pharmacokinetic properties of the nanoparticles using single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT). The resulting engineered nanosystem was tested in a xenograph mouse model of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Imaging results demonstrate that accumulation of targeted SCPNs in the tumor is higher than that observed for nontargeted nanoparticles due to improved retention in this tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B Benito
- IK4-CIDETEC, P° Miramón 196, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Miren K Aiertza
- IK4-CIDETEC, P° Miramón 196, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Marco Marradi
- IK4-CIDETEC, P° Miramón 196, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | - Talia Shekhter Zahavi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | | | | | - Torsten Reese
- CIC biomaGUNE, P° Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Eugenio Scanziani
- Fondazione Filarete, Viale Ortles 22/4, 20139 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorena Passoni
- Fondazione Filarete, Viale Ortles 22/4, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Marcella De Maglie
- Fondazione Filarete, Viale Ortles 22/4, 20139 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Arie Orenstein
- The Advanced Technologies Center, Sheba Medical Center , Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
| | - Mor Oron-Herman
- The Advanced Technologies Center, Sheba Medical Center , Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
| | - Gennady Kostenich
- The Advanced Technologies Center, Sheba Medical Center , Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
| | - Ludmila Buzhansky
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ehud Gazit
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | | | | | - Jordi Llop
- CIC biomaGUNE, P° Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Iraida Loinaz
- IK4-CIDETEC, P° Miramón 196, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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16
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Abstract
In the era of biomedicines and engineered carrier systems, cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been established as a promising tool for therapeutic application. Likewise, other therapeutic peptides, successful in vivo application of CPPs will strongly depend on peptide stability, the bottleneck for this type of biodegradable molecules. In this review, the authors describe the current knowledge of the in vivo degradation for known CPPs and the different strategies available to provide a higher resistance to metabolic degradation while preserving cell penetration efficiency. Peptide stability can be improved by different means, either modifying the structure to make it unrecognizable to proteases, or preventing access of proteolytic enzymes by applying conformation restriction or shielding strategies.
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17
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Durzyńska J, Przysiecka Ł, Nawrot R, Barylski J, Nowicki G, Warowicka A, Musidlak O, Goździcka-Józefiak A. Viral and Other Cell-Penetrating Peptides as Vectors of Therapeutic Agents in Medicine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 354:32-42. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.223305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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