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Zhou Y, Qin Y, Sun C, Liu K, Zhang W, Găman MA, Chen Y. Cell-bound membrane vesicles contain antioxidative proteins and probably have an antioxidative function in cells or a therapeutic potential. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Taylor J, Patio K, De Rubis G, Morris MB, Evenhuis C, Johnson M, Bebawy M. Membrane to cytosol redistribution of αII-spectrin drives extracellular vesicle biogenesis in malignant breast cells. Proteomics 2021; 21:e2000091. [PMID: 33870651 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202000091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Spectrin is a ubiquitous cytoskeletal protein that provides structural stability and supports membrane integrity. In erythrocytes, spectrin proteolysis leads to the biogenesis of plasma membrane extracellular vesicles (EVs). However, its role in non-erythroid or cancer-derived plasma membrane EVs biogenesis is unknown. This study aims to examine the role of αII-spectrin in malignant and non-malignant plasma membrane vesiculation. We developed a custom, automated cell segmentation plugin for the image processor, Fiji, that provides an unbiased assessment of high resolution confocal microscopy images of the subcellular distribution of αII-spectrin. We show that, in low vesiculating non-malignant MBE-F breast cells, prominent cortical spectrin localises to the cell periphery at rest. In comparison, cortical spectrin is diminished in high vesiculating malignant MCF-7 breast cells at rest. A cortical distribution of spectrin correlates with increased biomechanical stiffness as measured by Atomic Force Microscopy. Furthermore, cortical spectrin can be induced in malignant MCF-7 cells by treatment with known vesiculation modulators including the calcium chelator, BAPTA-AM or the calpain inhibitor II (ALLM). These results demonstrate that the subcellular localisation of spectrin is distinctly different in malignant and non-malignant cells at rest and shows that the redistribution of cortical αII-spectrin to the cytoplasm supports plasma membrane-derived EV biogenesis in malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Taylor
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kevin Patio
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gabriele De Rubis
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Micheal B Morris
- Discipline of Physiology and Bosch Institute, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christian Evenhuis
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Johnson
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mary Bebawy
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Zhang W, Gu J, Li Y, Shan W, Xu Y, Chen Y. Single-vesicle tracking reveals the potential correlation of the movement of cell-bound membrane vesicles (CBMVs) with cell migration. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118804. [PMID: 32738252 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The movement of cell-bound membrane vesicles (CBMVs) on migrating cells is poorly understood. We hypothesized that the movement of CBMVs on migrating cells is different from that on non-migrating cells and can be interfered by external stimuli. To test it, single-vesicle tracking was performed to analyze motion type, speed, displacement, and direction of CBMVs on migrating cells treated with different reagents (Ang-1, TNF-α, LPS, VEGFα, endostatin, Cytochalasin D, and nocodazole) among which the former four promoted cell migration whereas the others inhibited cell migration. We found that cell migration changed CBMVs from non-directed to directed motion and that most CBMVs on untreated migrating cells moved along the migration axis. Interestingly, the migration-promoting reagents played positive roles in CBMV movement (improving directed motion, speed and/or maximal displacement, upregulating the amount of vesicles moving in migration direction) whereas the migration-inhibiting reagents played negative roles (impairing/abolishing directed motion, speed and/or maximal displacement, downregulating the vesicles moving forward or causing an even distribution of motion direction). The cytoskeleton (particularly microtubules) probably played vital roles in CBMV movement on migrating cells and mediated the effects of stimuli on vesicle movement. The data may provide important information for understanding the properties, behaviors, and functions of CBMVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendiao Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Microscale interdisciplinary Study, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Jiaxuan Gu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Microscale interdisciplinary Study, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China.
| | - Yuanfang Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Microscale interdisciplinary Study, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Wenzhe Shan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Microscale interdisciplinary Study, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Yingxuan Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Microscale interdisciplinary Study, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Yong Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Microscale interdisciplinary Study, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China.
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Zapotoczny B, Braet F, Wisse E, Lekka M, Szymonski M. Biophysical nanocharacterization of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells through atomic force microscopy. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:625-636. [PMID: 32424787 PMCID: PMC7311612 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00699-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The structural-functional hallmark of the liver sinusoidal endothelium is the presence of fenestrae grouped in sieve plates. Fenestrae are open membrane bound pores supported by a (sub)membranous cytoskeletal lattice. Changes in number and diameter of fenestrae alter bidirectional transport between the sinusoidal blood and the hepatocytes. Their physiological relevance has been shown in different liver disease models. Although the structural organization of fenestrae has been well documented using different electron microscopy approaches, the dynamic nature of those pores remained an enigma until the recent developments in the research field of four dimensional (4-D) AFM. In this contribution we highlight how AFM as a biophysical nanocharacterization tool enhanced our understanding in the dynamic behaviour of liver sinusoidal endothelial fenestrae. Different AFM probing approaches, including spectroscopy, enabled mapping of topography and nanomechanical properties at unprecedented resolution under live cell imaging conditions. This dynamic biophysical characterization approach provided us with novel information on the 'short' life-span, formation, disappearance and closure of hepatic fenestrae. These observations are briefly reviewed against the existing literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Filip Braet
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences (Discipline of Anatomy and Histology), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Australian Centre for Microscopy & Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre (Cellular Imaging Facility), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Eddie Wisse
- Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Division of Nanoscopy, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Malgorzata Lekka
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek Szymonski
- Research Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Advanced Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zhang W, Tang Q, Zhou Y, Li Y, Rong T, Wang H, Chen Y. Isolated cell-bound membrane vesicles (CBMVs) as a novel class of drug nanocarriers. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:69. [PMID: 32375799 PMCID: PMC7204042 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00625-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-bound membrane vesicles (CBMVs) are a type of membrane vesicles different from the well-known extracellular vesicles (EVs). In recent years, the applications of EVs as drug delivery systems have been studied widely. A question may arise whether isolated CBMVs also have the possibility of being recruited as a drug delivery system or nanocarrier? METHODS To test the possibility, CBMVs were isolated/purified from the surfaces of cultured endothelial cells, loaded with a putative antitumor drug doxorubicin (Dox), and characterized. Subsequently, cellular experiments and animal experiments using mouse models were performed to determine the in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of Dox-loaded CBMVs (Dox-CBMVs or Dox@CBMVs), respectively. RESULTS Both Dox-free and Dox-loaded CBMVs were globular-shaped and nanometer-sized with an average diameter of ~ 300-400 nm. Dox-CBMVs could be internalized by cells and could kill multiple types of cancer cells. The in vivo antitumor ability of Dox-CBMVs also was confirmed. Moreover, Quantifications of blood cells (white blood cells and platelets) and specific enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase isoenzymes) showed that Dox-CBMVs had lower side effects compared with free Dox. CONCLUSIONS The data show that the CBMV-entrapped Doxorubicin has the antitumor efficacy with lower side effects. This study provides evidence supporting the possibility of isolated cell-bound membrane vesicles as a novel drug nanocarrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Microscale Interdisciplinary Study, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Ave., Honggutan District, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031 People’s Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Microscale Interdisciplinary Study, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Ave., Honggutan District, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wendiao Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Microscale Interdisciplinary Study, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Ave., Honggutan District, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qisheng Tang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Microscale Interdisciplinary Study, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Ave., Honggutan District, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Microscale Interdisciplinary Study, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Ave., Honggutan District, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanfang Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Microscale Interdisciplinary Study, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Ave., Honggutan District, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Rong
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Microscale Interdisciplinary Study, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Ave., Honggutan District, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031 People’s Republic of China
| | - Huaying Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Microscale Interdisciplinary Study, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Ave., Honggutan District, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Microscale Interdisciplinary Study, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Ave., Honggutan District, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031 People’s Republic of China
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Zhang W, Xu Y, Chen G, Wang K, Shan W, Chen Y. Dynamic single-vesicle tracking of cell-bound membrane vesicles on resting, activated, and cytoskeleton-disrupted cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1861:26-33. [PMID: 30393161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The composition, structure, production, motion, fate, and functions of cell-bound membrane vesicles pre-existing in the plasma membrane of cells are poorly understood. Here, single-vesicle tracking of individual cell-bound membrane vesicles in the plasma membrane of endothelial cells treated with or without various reagents was performed to investigate the motion of cell-bound membrane vesicles. The efficacy of each of these reagents was confirmed prior to single-vesicle tracking. Via single-vesicle tracking, we found that oxLDL, TNF-α, and VEGFα significantly increased the average number of cell-bound membrane vesicles per cell, implying that cell activation by oxLDL, TNF-α, and VEGFα could trigger the production of cell-bound membrane vesicles. It was also found that oxLDL, TNF-α, VEGFα, LPS, and MβCD but not LDL could significantly affect the motion speed of cell-bound membrane whereas none of them could significantly influence the displacement (moving range) of cell-bound membrane vesicles. The single-vesicle tracking further revealed that the average number of cell-bound membrane vesicles per cell and the mean speed/displacement of individual cell-bound membrane vesicles could be dramatically altered by the cytoskeleton-disrupting reagents (cytochalasin D and nocodazole). The data imply that the production and movement of cell-bound membrane vesicles are probably controlled by intracellular cytoskeletons and capable of being affected by multiple conditions e.g. cell activation, membrane fluidity alteration, and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendiao Zhang
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330031, PR China
| | - Ye Xu
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Guo Chen
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Kun Wang
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Wenzhe Shan
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China.
| | - Yong Chen
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330031, PR China.
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Dynamics of plasma membrane surface related to the release of extracellular vesicles by mesenchymal stem cells in culture. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6767. [PMID: 28754913 PMCID: PMC5533874 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07265-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (exosomes and shedding vesicles) released by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are regarded as a storable, cell-free alternative with comparable therapeutic potential to their parent cells. Shedding vesicles originate as bulges on the cell surface but little is known about their turnover or how their formation can be stimulated. We have used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to follow the formation dynamics of bulges in living adipose tissue-derived MSCs. AFM images showed that, in general, MSCs present hundreds of nanosized protrusions on their surface with life spans of 10-20 min. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed those images and showed that bulges are also formed on filamentous processes. Extracellular vesicles deposited on the culture surface have comparable sizes to those of bulges showing up on the cell surface. The amount of protrusions on cells treated with progesterone or PDGF-BB, two treatments that stimulate the secretion of extracellular vesicles in MSCs, was evaluated by AFM. Measurements of the cross-area at 50 nm over the cell surface provided estimates of the amount of protrusions and showed that these values increased with the stimulating treatments. Our study suggests that shedding vesicles constitute a large population of the extracellular vesicle pool.
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Tang Q, Zhang X, Zhang W, Zhao S, Chen Y. Identification and characterization of cell-bound membrane vesicles. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:756-766. [PMID: 28088446 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to the released/circulating membrane vesicles (extracellular vesicles), cell-bound membrane vesicles are poorly identified and characterized. In this study, cell-bound membrane vesicles on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human hepatoma HepG-2 cells were investigated. We identified that cell-bound membrane vesicles are not co-localized with the major markers for extracellular vesicles (e.g. phosphatidylserine, CD63, CD107α, CD31, and DNA fragments for the three well-known types of extracellular vesicles) and for intracellular organelles with similar sizes (e.g. MitoTracker and LAMP1/LAMP3 for mitochondria and multivesicular bodies or lysosomes, respectively). The data imply that cell-bound membrane vesicles are neither the precursors of extracellular vesicles nor a false structure pushed up by an intracellular organelle but probably a novel unknown structure in the plasma membrane. Moreover, we revealed that cell-bound membrane vesicles are resistant to various detergents including but probably not limited to Triton X-100, SDS, and saponin. We further characterized that these unique vesicles are soluble in organic solvents (e.g. chloroform-methanol mixture and ethanol) which can be prevented by a lipid-stabilizing fixative (e.g. OsO4) and that they are co-localized with, but do not monopolize, the major markers (e.g. caveolin-1 and GM1) for lipid rafts (a nano-sized detergent-resistant domains in the plasma membrane). The data imply that cell-bound membrane vesicles contain the lipid component and lipid rafts. Involvement of other specific unknown components might explain the detergent resistance of cell-bound membrane vesicles. Further research will mainly depend on the establishment of an effective approach for isolation/purification of these vesicles from the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qisheng Tang
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Wendiao Zhang
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Siyuan Zhao
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Yong Chen
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China.
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Finkenstaedt-Quinn SA, Qiu TA, Shin K, Haynes CL. Super-resolution imaging for monitoring cytoskeleton dynamics. Analyst 2016; 141:5674-5688. [PMID: 27549146 DOI: 10.1039/c6an00731g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The cytoskeleton is a key cellular structure that is important in the control of cellular movement, structure, and sensing. To successfully image the individual cytoskeleton components, high resolution and super-resolution fluorescence imaging methods are needed. This review covers the three basic cytoskeletal elements and the relative benefits and drawbacks of fixed versus live cell imaging before moving on to recent studies using high resolution and super-resolution techniques. The techniques covered include the near-diffraction limited imaging methods of confocal microscopy and TIRF microscopy and the super-resolution fluorescence imaging methods of STORM, PALM, and STED.
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Cascione M, de Matteis V, Rinaldi R, Leporatti S. Atomic force microscopy combined with optical microscopy for cells investigation. Microsc Res Tech 2016; 80:109-123. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariafrancesca Cascione
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “Ennio De Giorgi”; Università del Salento Via Monteroni; 73100 Lecce Italy
- Euromediterranean Center for Nanomaterial Modelling and Technology (ECMT) of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Istituto Nanoscienze; Via Arnesano 16, Lecce Italy
| | - Valeria de Matteis
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “Ennio De Giorgi”; Università del Salento Via Monteroni; 73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Rosaria Rinaldi
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “Ennio De Giorgi”; Università del Salento Via Monteroni; 73100 Lecce Italy
- Euromediterranean Center for Nanomaterial Modelling and Technology (ECMT) of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Istituto Nanoscienze; Via Arnesano 16, Lecce Italy
| | - Stefano Leporatti
- CNR Nantotec-Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Polo di Nanotecnologia c/o Campus Ecoteckne, Via Monteroni; 73100, Lecce Italy
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