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Ma H, Wei Y, Chen W, Chen S, Wang Y, Cao S, Wang H. Serum proteomics study on cognitive impairment after cardiac valve replacement surgery: a prospective observational study. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17536. [PMID: 38912047 PMCID: PMC11192023 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The incidence of perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) is high, especially after cardiac surgeries, and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we conducted a prospective observational study to observe serum proteomics differences in PND patients after cardiac valve replacement surgery. Methods Two hundred and twenty-six patients who underwent cardiac valve surgery were included. They were categorized based on scoring into non-PND group (group non-P) and PND group (group P'). The risk factors associated with PND were analyzed. These patients were further divided into group C and group P by propensity score matching (PSM) to investigate the serum proteome related to the PND by serum proteomics. Results The postoperative 6-week incidence of PND was 16.8%. Risk factors for PND include age, chronic illness, sufentanil dosage, and time of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Proteomics identified 31 down-regulated proteins and six up-regulated proteins. Finally, GSTO1, IDH1, CAT, and PFN1 were found to be associated with PND. Conclusion The occurrence of PND can impact some oxidative stress proteins. This study provided data for future studies about PND to general anaesthesia and surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yiyong Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Longgang District Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Song Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Song Cao
- Department of Pain Medicine, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
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2
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Song J. Molecular mechanisms of phase separation and amyloidosis of ALS/FTD-linked FUS and TDP-43. Aging Dis 2023:AD.2023.1118. [PMID: 38029395 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.1118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
FUS and TDP-43, two RNA-binding proteins from the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein family, have gained significant attention in the field of neurodegenerative diseases due to their association with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal degeneration (FTD). They possess folded domains for binding ATP and various nucleic acids including DNA and RNA, as well as substantial intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) including prion-like domains (PLDs) and RG-/RGG-rich regions. They play vital roles in various cellular processes, including transcription, splicing, microRNA maturation, RNA stability and transport and DNA repair. In particular, they are key components for forming ribonucleoprotein granules and stress granules (SGs) through homotypic or heterotypic liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). Strikingly, liquid-like droplets formed by FUS and TDP-43 may undergo aging to transform into less dynamic assemblies such as hydrogels, inclusions, and amyloid fibrils, which are the pathological hallmarks of ALS and FTD. This review aims to synthesize and consolidate the biophysical knowledge of the sequences, structures, stability, dynamics, and inter-domain interactions of FUS and TDP-43 domains, so as to shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying their liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and amyloidosis. The review further delves into the mechanisms through which ALS-causing mutants of the well-folded hPFN1 disrupt the dynamics of LLPS of FUS prion-like domain, providing key insights into a potential mechanism for misfolding/aggregation-prone proteins to cause neurodegenerative diseases and aging by gain of functions. With better understanding of different biophysical aspects of FUS and TDP-43, the ultimate goal is to develop drugs targeting LLPS and amyloidosis, which could mediate protein homeostasis within cells and lead to new treatments for currently intractable diseases, particularly neurodegenerative diseases such as ALS, FTD and aging. However, the study of membrane-less organelles and condensates is still in its infancy and therefore the review also highlights key questions that require future investigation.
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3
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Kang J, Lim L, Song J. ATP induces folding of ALS-causing C71G-hPFN1 and nascent hSOD1. Commun Chem 2023; 6:186. [PMID: 37670116 PMCID: PMC10480188 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00997-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ALS-causing C71G-hPFN1 coexists in both folded and unfolded states, while nascent hSOD1 is unfolded. So far, the mechanisms underlying their ALS-triggering potential remain enigmatic. Here we show by NMR that ATP completely converts C71G-hPFN1 into the folded state at a 1:2 ratio, while inducing nascent hSOD1 into two co-existing states at a 1:8 ratio. Surprisingly, the inducing capacity of ATP comes from its triphosphate, but free triphosphate triggers aggregation. The inducing capacity ranks as: ATP = ATPP = PPP > ADP = AMP-PNP = AMP-PCP = PP, while AMP, adenosine, P, and NaCl show no conversion. Mechanistically, ATP and triphosphate appear to enhance the intrinsic folding capacity encoded in the sequences, as unveiled by comparing conformations and dynamics of ATP- and Zn2+-induced hSOD1 folded states. Our study provides a mechanism for the finding that some single-cell organisms employ polyphosphates as primordial chaperones, and sheds light on the enigma of age-related onset of familial ALS and risk increase of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Liangzhong Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Jianxing Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore, 119260, Singapore.
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4
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Kang J, Lim L, Song J. ALS-causing hPFN1 mutants differentially disrupt LLPS of FUS prion-like domain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 664:35-42. [PMID: 37130459 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
hPFN1 mutations including C71G cause ALS by gain of toxicity but the mechanism still remains unknown. Stress granules (SGs) are formed by phase separation of the prion-like domain (PLD) of RNA-binding proteins including FUS, whose inclusion was also associated with ALS. C71G-hPFN1 triggers seed-dependent co-aggregation with FUS/TDP-43 to manifest the prion-like propagandation but its biophysical basis remains unexplored. Here by DIC imaging we first showed that three hPFN1 mutants have differential capacity in disrupting the dynamics of liquid droplets formed by phase separation of FUS prion-like domain (PLD). C71G-hPFN1 co-exists with the folded and unfolded states, thus allowing to simultaneously characterize conformations, hydrodynamics and dynamics of the interactions of both states with the phase separated FUS PLD by NMR. The results reveal that the folded state is not significantly affected while by contrast, the unfolded state has extensive interactions with FUS PLD. As a consequence, the dynamics of FUS liquid droplets become significantly reduced. Such interactions might act to recruit C71G-hPFN1 into the droplets, thus leading to the increase of the local concentrations and subsequent co-aggregation of C71G-hPFN1 with FUS. Our study sheds the first light on the biophysical basis by which hPFN1 mutants gain toxicity to cause ALS. As other aggregation-prone proteins have no fundamental difference from hPFN1 mutants, aggregation-prone proteins might share a common capacity in disrupting phase separation responsible for organizing various membrane-less organelles. As such, the mechanism for C71G-hPFN1 might also be utilized by other aggregation-prone proteins for gain of toxicity to trigger diseases and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, 119260, Singapore
| | - Liangzhong Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, 119260, Singapore
| | - Jianxing Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, 119260, Singapore.
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5
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Lohraseb I, McCarthy P, Secker G, Marchant C, Wu J, Ali N, Kumar S, Daly RJ, Harvey NL, Kawabe H, Kleifeld O, Wiszniak S, Schwarz Q. Global ubiquitinome profiling identifies NEDD4 as a regulator of Profilin 1 and actin remodelling in neural crest cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2018. [PMID: 35440627 PMCID: PMC9018756 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29660-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin ligase NEDD4 promotes neural crest cell (NCC) survival and stem-cell like properties to regulate craniofacial and peripheral nervous system development. However, how ubiquitination and NEDD4 control NCC development remains unknown. Here we combine quantitative analysis of the proteome, transcriptome and ubiquitinome to identify key developmental signalling pathways that are regulated by NEDD4. We report 276 NEDD4 targets in NCCs and show that loss of NEDD4 leads to a pronounced global reduction in specific ubiquitin lysine linkages. We further show that NEDD4 contributes to the regulation of the NCC actin cytoskeleton by controlling ubiquitination and turnover of Profilin 1 to modulate filamentous actin polymerization. Taken together, our data provide insights into how NEDD4-mediated ubiquitination coordinates key regulatory processes during NCC development. Here the authors combine multi-omics approaches to uncover a role for ubiquitination and the ubiquitin ligase NEDD4 in targeting the actin binding protein Profilin 1 to regulate actin polymerisation in neural crest cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Lohraseb
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Peter McCarthy
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Genevieve Secker
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Ceilidh Marchant
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Jianmin Wu
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre & Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Naveid Ali
- Bone Therapeutics Group, Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, 2010, Australia
| | - Sharad Kumar
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Roger J Daly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Natasha L Harvey
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Hiroshi Kawabe
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, 37075, Germany.,Department of Pharmacology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Oded Kleifeld
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Sophie Wiszniak
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Quenten Schwarz
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, 5000, Australia.
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6
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Song J. Adenosine triphosphate energy-independently controls protein homeostasis with unique structure and diverse mechanisms. Protein Sci 2021; 30:1277-1293. [PMID: 33829608 PMCID: PMC8197423 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Proteins function in the crowded cellular environments with high salt concentrations, thus facing tremendous challenges of misfolding/aggregation which represents a pathological hallmark of aging and an increasing spectrum of human diseases. Recently, intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) were recognized to drive liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), a common principle for organizing cellular membraneless organelles (MLOs). ATP, the universal energy currency for all living cells, mysteriously has concentrations of 2-12 mM, much higher than required for its previously-known functions. Only recently, ATP was decoded to behave as a biological hydrotrope to inhibit protein LLPS and aggregation at mM. We further revealed that ATP also acts as a bivalent binder, which not only biphasically modulates LLPS driven by IDRs of human and viral proteins, but also bind to the conserved nucleic-acid-binding surfaces of the folded proteins. Most unexpectedly, ATP appears to act as a hydration mediator to antagonize the crowding-induced destabilization as well as to enhance folding of proteins without significant binding. Here, this review focuses on summarizing the results of these biophysical studies and discussing their implications in an evolutionary context. By linking triphosphate with unique hydration property to adenosine, ATP appears to couple the ability for establishing hydrophobic, π-π, π-cation and electrostatic interactions to the capacity in mediating hydration of proteins, which is at the heart of folding, dynamics, stability, phase separation and aggregation. Consequently, ATP acquired a category of functions at ~mM to energy-independently control protein homeostasis with diverse mechanisms, thus implying a link between cellular ATP concentrations and protein-aggregation diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxing Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of ScienceNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
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7
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Kang J, Lim L, Song J. ATP binds and inhibits the neurodegeneration-associated fibrillization of the FUS RRM domain. Commun Biol 2019; 2:223. [PMID: 31240261 PMCID: PMC6586847 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0463-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) provides energy for cellular processes but has recently been found to act also as a hydrotrope to maintain protein homeostasis. ATP bivalently binds the disordered domain of FUS containing the RG/RGG sequence motif and thereby affects FUS liquid-liquid phase separation. Here, using NMR spectroscopy and molecular docking studies, we report that ATP specifically binds also to the well-folded RRM domain of FUS at physiologically relevant concentrations and with the binding interface overlapping with that of its physiological ssDNA ligand. Importantly, although ATP has little effect on the thermodynamic stability of the RRM domain or its binding to ssDNA, ATP kinetically inhibits the RRM fibrillization that is critical for the gain of cytotoxicity associated with ALS and FTD. Our study provides a previously unappreciated mechanism for ATP to inhibit fibrillization by specific binding, and suggests that ATP may bind additional proteins other than the classic ATP-dependent enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore, 119260 Singapore
| | - Liangzhong Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore, 119260 Singapore
| | - Jianxing Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore, 119260 Singapore
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8
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Pereira GRC, Tellini GHAS, De Mesquita JF. In silico analysis of PFN1 related to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215723. [PMID: 31216283 PMCID: PMC6583998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Profilin 1 (PFN1) protein plays key roles in neuronal growth and differentiation, membrane trafficking, and regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Four natural variants of PFN1 were described as related to ALS, the most common adult-onset motor neuron disorder. However, the pathological mechanism of PFN1 in ALS is not yet completely understood. The goal of this work is to thoroughly analyze the effects of the ALS-related mutations on PFN1 structure and function using computational simulations. Here, PhD-SNP, PMUT, PolyPhen-2, SIFT, SNAP, SNPS&GO, SAAP, nsSNPAnalyzer, SNPeffect4.0 and I-Mutant2.0 were used to predict the functional and stability effects of PFN1 mutations. ConSurf was used for the evolutionary conservation analysis, and GROMACS was used to perform the MD simulations. The mutations C71G, M114T, and G118V, but not E117G, were predicted as deleterious by most of the functional prediction algorithms that were used. The stability prediction indicated that the ALS-related mutations could destabilize PFN1. The ConSurf analysis indicated that the mutation C71G, M114T, E117G, and G118V occur in highly conserved positions. The MD results indicated that the studied mutations could affect the PFN1 flexibility at the actin and PLP-binding domains, and consequently, their intermolecular interactions. It may be therefore related to the functional impairment of PFN1 upon C71G, M114T, E117G and G118V mutations, and their involvement in ALS development. We also developed a database, SNPMOL (http://www.snpmol.org/), containing the results presented on this paper for biologists and clinicians to exploit PFN1 and its natural variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Rodrigues Coutinho Pereira
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Henrique Almeida Silva Tellini
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Joelma Freire De Mesquita
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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9
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Kang J, Lim L, Lu Y, Song J. A unified mechanism for LLPS of ALS/FTLD-causing FUS as well as its modulation by ATP and oligonucleic acids. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000327. [PMID: 31188823 PMCID: PMC6590835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
526-residue Fused in sarcoma (FUS) undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) for its functions, which can further transit into pathological aggregation. ATP and nucleic acids, the universal cellular actors, were shown to modulate LLPS of FUS in a unique manner: enhancement and then dissolution. Currently, the driving force for LLPS of FUS is still under debate, while the mechanism for the modulation remains completely undefined. Here, by NMR and differential interference contrast (DIC) imaging, we characterized conformations, dynamics, and LLPS of FUS and its domains and subsequently their molecular interactions with oligonucleic acids, including one RNA and two single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) molecules, as well as ATP, Adenosine monophosphate (AMP), and adenosine. The results reveal 1) both a prion-like domain (PLD) rich in Tyr but absent of Arg/Lys and a C-terminal domain (CTD) abundant in Arg/Lys fail to phase separate. By contrast, the entire N-terminal domain (NTD) containing the PLD and an Arg-Gly (RG)-rich region efficiently phase separate, indicating that the π-cation interaction is the major driving force; 2) despite manifesting distinctive NMR observations, ATP has been characterized to modulate LLPS by specific binding as oligonucleic acids but with much lower affinity. Our results together establish a unified mechanism in which the π-cation interaction acts as the major driving force for LLPS of FUS and also serves as the target for modulation by ATP and oligonucleic acids through specific binding. This mechanism predicts that a myriad of proteins unrelated to RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) but with Arg/Lys-rich disordered regions could be modulated by ATP and nucleic acids, thus rationalizing the pathological association of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-causing C9ORF72 dipeptides with any nucleic acids to manifest cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liangzhong Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yimei Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianxing Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Wang L, Lim L, Dang M, Song J. A novel mechanism for ATP to enhance the functional oligomerization of TDP-43 by specific binding. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 514:809-814. [PMID: 31079926 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pathological TDP-43 aggregation has been found in ∼98% ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's. TDP-43 N-terminal domain (NTD) was recently shown to form a tubular super-helical filament by oligomerization in vivo, which functions to prevent its pathological aggregation. ATP, the universal energy currency with very high concentrations in all living cells, was recently decoded to act as a biological hydrotrope to maintain protein homeostasis. Here by NMR spectroscopy, we reveal for the first time that at physiological concentrations ATP binds the TDP-43 NTD to enhance its oligomerization. Most strikingly, this binding is specifically coupled with oligomerization because three mutants with the capacity of oligomerization eliminated lose the ability to bind ATP. Our study thus provides a novel mechanism for ATP to prevent pathological aggregation by specific binding; and further implies that ATP might have many previously-unknown functions in cells by binding to proteins other than the classic ATP-dependent proteins/enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, 119260, Singapore
| | - Liangzhong Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, 119260, Singapore
| | - Mei Dang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, 119260, Singapore
| | - Jianxing Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, 119260, Singapore.
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11
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Nguyen DKH, Thombre R, Wang J. Autophagy as a common pathway in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurosci Lett 2019; 697:34-48. [PMID: 29626651 PMCID: PMC6170747 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Age-dependent neurodegenerative diseases are associated with a decline in protein quality control systems including autophagy. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a motor neuron degenerative disease of complex etiology with increasing connections to other neurodegenerative conditions such as frontotemporal dementia. Among the diverse genetic causes for ALS, a striking feature is the common connection to autophagy and its associated pathways. There is a recurring theme of protein misfolding as in other neurodegenerative diseases, but importantly there is a distinct common thread among ALS genes that connects them to the cascade of autophagy. However, the roles of autophagy in ALS remain enigmatic and it is still unclear whether activation or inhibition of autophagy would be a reliable avenue to ameliorate the disease. The main evidence that links autophagy to different genetic forms of ALS is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao K H Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Ravi Thombre
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Jiou Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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12
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Nekouei M, Ghezellou P, Aliahmadi A, Arjmand S, Kiaei M, Ghassempour A. Changes in biophysical characteristics of PFN1 due to mutation causing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:1975-1984. [PMID: 30203378 PMCID: PMC6230493 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0305-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Single amino acid mutations in profilin 1 (PFN1) have been found to cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Recently, we developed a mouse model for ALS using a PFN1 mutation (glycine 118 to valine, G118V), and we are now interested in understanding how PFN1 becomes toxically lethal with only one amino acid substitution. Therefore, we studied mutation-related changes in the PFN1 protein and hypothesized that such changes significantly disturb its structure. Initially, we expressed and studied the purified PFN1WT and PFN1G118V proteins from bacterial culture. We found that the PFN1G118V protein has a different mean residue ellipticity, as measured by far-UV circular dichroism, accompanied by a spectral shift. The intrinsic fluorescence of PFN1G118V showed a small fluctuation in maximum fluorescence absorption and intensity. Moreover, we examined the time course of PFN1 aggregation using SDS-PAGE, western blotting, and MALDI-TOF/TOF and found that compared with PFN1WT, PFN1G118V had an increased tendency to form aggregates. Dynamic light scattering data confirmed this, showing a larger size distribution for PFN1G118V. Our data explain why PFN1G118V tends to aggregate, a phenotype that may be the basis for its neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Nekouei
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parviz Ghezellou
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atousa Aliahmadi
- Department of Biology, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sareh Arjmand
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Kiaei
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Neurology, Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
| | - Alireza Ghassempour
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin, Tehran, Iran.
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Kang J, Lim L, Song J. TMEM106B, a risk factor for FTLD and aging, has an intrinsically disordered cytoplasmic domain. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205856. [PMID: 30332472 PMCID: PMC6192649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
TMEM106B was initially identified as a risk factor for FTLD, but recent studies highlighted its general role in neurodegenerative diseases. Very recently TMEM106B has also been characterized to regulate aging phenotypes. TMEM106B is a 274-residue lysosomal protein whose cytoplasmic domain functions in the endosomal/autophagy pathway by dynamically and transiently interacting with diverse categories of proteins but the underlying structural basis remains completely unknown. Here we conducted bioinformatics analysis and biophysical characterization by CD and NMR spectroscopy, and obtained results reveal that the TMEM106B cytoplasmic domain is intrinsically disordered with no well-defined three-dimensional structure. Nevertheless, detailed analysis of various multi-dimensional NMR spectra allowed defining residue-specific conformations and dynamics. Overall, the TMEM106B cytoplasmic domain is lacking of any tight tertiary packing and relatively flexible. However, several segments are populated with dynamic/nascent secondary structures and have relatively restricted backbone motions on ps-ns time scale, as indicated by their positive {1H}-15N steady-state NOE. Our study thus decodes that being intrinsically disordered may allow the TMEM106B cytoplasmic domain to dynamically and transiently interact with a variety of distinct partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liangzhong Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianxing Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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Wang L, Kang J, Lim L, Wei Y, Song J. TDP-43 NTD can be induced while CTD is significantly enhanced by ssDNA to undergo liquid-liquid phase separation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 499:189-195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Song J. Environment-transformable sequence-structure relationship: a general mechanism for proteotoxicity. Biophys Rev 2017; 10:503-516. [PMID: 29204881 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-017-0369-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In his Nobel Lecture, Anfinsen stated "the native conformation is determined by the totality of interatomic interactions and hence by the amino acid sequence, in a given environment." As aqueous solutions and membrane systems co-exist in cells, proteins are classified into membrane and non-membrane proteins, but whether one can transform one into the other remains unknown. Intriguingly, many well-folded non-membrane proteins are converted into "insoluble" and toxic forms by aging- or disease-associated factors, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In 2005, we discovered a previously unknown regime of proteins seemingly inconsistent with the classic "Salting-in" dogma: "insoluble" proteins including the integral membrane fragments could be solubilized in the ion-minimized water. We have thus successfully studied "insoluble" forms of ALS-causing P56S-MSP, L126Z-SOD1, nascent SOD1 and C71G-Profilin1, as well as E. coli S1 fragments. The results revealed that these "insoluble" forms are either unfolded or co-exist with their unfolded states. Most unexpectedly, these unfolded states acquire a novel capacity of interacting with membranes energetically driven by the formation of helices/loops over amphiphilic/hydrophobic regions which universally exit in proteins but are normally locked away in their folded native states. Our studies suggest that most, if not all, proteins contain segments which have the dual ability to fold into distinctive structures in aqueous and membrane environments. The abnormal membrane interaction might initiate disease and/or aging processes; and its further coupling with protein aggregation could result in radical proteotoxicity by forming inclusions composed of damaged membranous organelles and protein aggregates. Therefore, environment-transformable sequence-structure relationship may represent a general mechanism for proteotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxing Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore, 119260, Singapore.
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