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Zhang L, Wang Y, Tian L, Li L, Chen Z, Ding C, Tian J, Song D, Yao S, Ren W. Thrombospondin-1-mediated crosstalk between autophagy and oxidative stress orchestrates repair of blast lung injury. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167026. [PMID: 38237742 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Coal mining carries inherent risks of catastrophic gas explosions capable of inflicting severe lung injury. Using complementary in vivo and in vitro models, we explored mechanisms underlying alveolar epithelial damage and repair following a gas explosion in this study. In a rat model, the gas explosion was demonstrated to trigger inflammation and injury within the alveolar epithelium. The following scRNA-sequencing revealed that alveolar epithelial cells exhibited the most profound transcriptomic changes after gas explosion compared to other pulmonary cell types. In the L2 alveolar epithelial cells, the blast was found to cause autophagic flux by inducing autophagosome formation, LC3 lipidation, and p62 degradation. Transcriptomic profiling of the L2 cells identified PI3K-Akt and p53 pathways as critical modulators governing autophagic and oxidative stress responses to blast damage. Notably, Thrombospondin-1 (Thbs1) was determined for the first time as a pivotal node interconnecting these two pathways. The findings of this study illuminate intricate mechanisms of alveolar epithelial injury and recovery after blast trauma, highlighting autophagic and oxidative stress responses mediated by Thbs1-associated PI3K-Akt and p53 pathways as high-value therapeutic targets, and strategic modulation of these pathways in future studies may mitigate lung damage by reducing oxidative stress while engaging endogenous tissue repair processes like autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Institutes of Health Central Plain, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453000, China; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453000, China; Clinical Medical Research Center for Women and Children Diseases, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan 250001, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Jinan 250001, China.
| | - Yongheng Wang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Linqiang Tian
- Institutes of Health Central Plain, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453000, China; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - Long Li
- Institutes of Health Central Plain, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453000, China; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261000, China
| | - Chunjie Ding
- Anyang Tumor Hospital, The Affiliated Anyang Tumor Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Jiaqi Tian
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Women and Children Diseases, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan 250001, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Jinan 250001, China
| | - Dandan Song
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Women and Children Diseases, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan 250001, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Jinan 250001, China
| | - Sanqiao Yao
- Institutes of Health Central Plain, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453000, China; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453000, China.
| | - Wenjie Ren
- Institutes of Health Central Plain, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453000, China; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453000, China.
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Varela YR, Iriondo MN, Goñi FM, Alonso A, Montes LR. Ceramide regulation of autophagy: A biophysical approach. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159444. [PMID: 38056762 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Specific membrane lipids play unique roles in (macro)autophagy. Those include phosphatidylethanolamine, to which LC3/GABARAP autophagy proteins become covalently bound in the process, or cardiolipin, an important effector in mitochondrial autophagy (or mitophagy). Ceramide (Cer), or N-acyl sphingosine, is one of the simplest sphingolipids, known as a stress signal in the apoptotic pathway. Moreover, Cer is increasingly being recognized as an autophagy activator, although its mechanism of action is unclear. In the present review, the proposed Cer roles in autophagy are summarized, together with some biophysical properties of Cer in membranes. Possible pathways for Cer activation of autophagy are discussed, including specific protein binding of the lipid, and Cer-dependent perturbation of bilayer properties. Cer generation of lateral inhomogeneities (domain formation) is given special attention. Recent biophysical results, including fluorescence and atomic force microscopy data, show Cer-promoted enhanced binding of LC3/GABARAP to lipid bilayers. These observations could be interpreted in terms of the putative formation of Cer-rich nanodomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaiza R Varela
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Marina N Iriondo
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Félix M Goñi
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Alicia Alonso
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - L Ruth Montes
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain
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Lipids in Mitochondrial Macroautophagy: Phase Behavior of Bilayers Containing Cardiolipin and Ceramide. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065080. [PMID: 36982156 PMCID: PMC10049649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is a key lipid for damaged mitochondrial recognition by the LC3/GABARAP human autophagy proteins. The role of ceramide (Cer) in this process is unclear, but CL and Cer have been proposed to coexist in mitochondria under certain conditions. Varela et al. showed that in model membranes composed of egg sphingomyelin (eSM), dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE), and CL, the addition of Cer enhanced the binding of LC3/GABARAP proteins to bilayers. Cer gave rise to lateral phase separation of Cer-rich rigid domains but protein binding took place mainly in the fluid continuous phase. In the present study, a biophysical analysis of bilayers composed of eSM, DOPE, CL, and/or Cer was attempted to understand the relevance of this lipid coexistence. Bilayers were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, confocal fluorescence microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Upon the addition of CL and Cer, one continuous phase and two segregated ones were formed. In bilayers with egg phosphatidylcholine instead of eSM, in which the binding of LC3/GABARAP proteins hardly increased with Cer in the former study, a single segregated phase was formed. Assuming that phase separation at the nanoscale is ruled by the same principles acting at the micrometer scale, it is proposed that Cer-enriched rigid nanodomains, stabilized by eSM:Cer interactions formed within the DOPE- and CL-enriched fluid phase, result in structural defects at the rigid/fluid nanointerfaces, thus hypothetically facilitatingLC3/GABARAP protein interaction.
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Iriondo MN, Etxaniz A, Varela YR, Ballesteros U, Lázaro M, Valle M, Fracchiolla D, Martens S, Montes LR, Goñi FM, Alonso A. Effect of ATG12-ATG5-ATG16L1 autophagy E3-like complex on the ability of LC3/GABARAP proteins to induce vesicle tethering and fusion. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:56. [PMID: 36729310 PMCID: PMC9894987 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04704-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In macroautophagy, the autophagosome (AP) engulfs portions of cytoplasm to allow their lysosomal degradation. AP formation in humans requires the concerted action of the ATG12 and LC3/GABARAP conjugation systems. The ATG12-ATG5-ATG16L1 or E3-like complex (E3 for short) acts as a ubiquitin-like E3 enzyme, promoting LC3/GABARAP proteins anchoring to the AP membrane. Their role in the AP expansion process is still unclear, in part because there are no studies comparing six LC3/GABARAP family member roles under the same conditions, and also because the full human E3 was only recently available. In the present study, the lipidation of six members of the LC3/GABARAP family has been reconstituted in the presence and absence of E3, and the mechanisms by which E3 and LC3/GABARAP proteins participate in vesicle tethering and fusion have been investigated. In the absence of E3, GABARAP and GABARAPL1 showed the highest activities. Differences found within LC3/GABARAP proteins suggest the existence of a lipidation threshold, lower for the GABARAP subfamily, as a requisite for tethering and inter-vesicular lipid mixing. E3 increases and speeds up lipidation and LC3/GABARAP-promoted tethering. However, E3 hampers LC3/GABARAP capacity to induce inter-vesicular lipid mixing or subsequent fusion, presumably through the formation of a rigid scaffold on the vesicle surface. Our results suggest a model of AP expansion in which the growing regions would be areas where the LC3/GABARAP proteins involved should be susceptible to lipidation in the absence of E3, or else a regulatory mechanism would allow vesicle incorporation and phagophore growth when E3 is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina N Iriondo
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, 48940, Leioa, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Asier Etxaniz
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, 48940, Leioa, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Yaiza R Varela
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, 48940, Leioa, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Uxue Ballesteros
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, 48940, Leioa, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Melisa Lázaro
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Mikel Valle
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Dorotea Fracchiolla
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sascha Martens
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - L Ruth Montes
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, 48940, Leioa, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Félix M Goñi
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, 48940, Leioa, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Alicia Alonso
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, 48940, Leioa, Spain.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, 48940, Leioa, Spain.
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Varela YR, Iriondo MN, Etxaniz A, Ballesteros U, Montes LR, Goñi FM, Alonso A. Ceramide enhances binding of LC3/GABARAP autophagy proteins to cardiolipin-containing membranes. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 217:748-760. [PMID: 35839958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Macroautophagy, or autophagy, is a process in which cell macromolecules, or even organelles, are engulfed in a double-membrane vesicle, the autophagosome, and directed to a lysosome. Among autophagy-related proteins, LC3/GABARAP constitute a protein family derived from yeast Atg8. They play important roles in autophagosome formation, binding future cargo organelles and promoting autophagosome growth. The involvement of specific lipids in this process is poorly understood. The present study explores the interaction of LC3/GABARAP proteins with phospholipid monolayers and bilayers based on phosphatidylcholine or on sphingomyelin. Cardiolipin is found to be essential for the protein interaction with such bilayers, as measured through gradient centrifugation experiments, while ceramide markedly increases binding. Giant unilamellar vesicles examined under confocal fluorescence microscopy reveal that ceramide segregates laterally into very rigid domains, while GABARAP binds only the more fluid regions, suggesting that the enhancing role of ceramide is exerted by the minority of ceramide molecules dispersed in the fluid phase. Although in further autophagy steps the LC3/GABARAP proteins are covalently bound to a phospholipid, this is not the case in our system, thus it is proposed that the observed ceramide effects would correspond to very early stages in the process, such as cargo recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaiza R Varela
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain
| | - Marina N Iriondo
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain
| | - Asier Etxaniz
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain
| | - Uxue Ballesteros
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain
| | - L Ruth Montes
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain
| | - Félix M Goñi
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain
| | - Alicia Alonso
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain.
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Tang F, Fan J, Zhang X, Zou Z, Xiao D, Li X. The Role of Vti1a in Biological Functions and Its Possible Role in Nervous System Disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:918664. [PMID: 35711736 PMCID: PMC9197314 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.918664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vesicle transport through interaction with t-SNAREs 1A (Vti1a), a member of the N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor protein family, is involved in cell signaling as a vesicular protein and mediates vesicle trafficking. Vti1a appears to have specific roles in neurons, primarily by regulating upstream neurosecretory events that mediate exocytotic proteins and the availability of secretory organelles, as well as regulating spontaneous synaptic transmission and postsynaptic efficacy to control neurosecretion. Vti1a also has essential roles in neural development, autophagy, and unconventional extracellular transport of neurons. Studies have shown that Vti1a dysfunction plays critical roles in pathological mechanisms of Hepatic encephalopathy by influencing spontaneous neurotransmission. It also may have an unknown role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A VTI1A variant is associated with the risk of glioma, and the fusion product of the VTI1A gene and the adjacent TCF7L2 gene is involved in glioma development. This review summarizes Vti1a functions in neurons and highlights the role of Vti1a in the several nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fajuan Tang
- Department of Emergency, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiali Fan
- Department of Emergency, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Emergency, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhuan Zou
- Department of Emergency, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongqiong Xiao
- Department of Emergency, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Dongqiong Xiao,
| | - Xihong Li
- Department of Emergency, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xihong Li,
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