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Kato T, Shiono Y, Koseki T. Identification and characterization of an acetyl xylan esterase from Aspergillus oryzae. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 132:337-342. [PMID: 34376338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report the identification and characterization of an acetyl xylan esterase, designated as AoAXEC, which was previously annotated as a hypothetical protein encoded by AO090023000158 in the Aspergillus oryzae genomic database. Based on its amino acid sequence, a low sequence identity to known acetyl xylan esterases was observed in the sequence of characterized acetyl xylan esterase. The gene fused with α-factor signal sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae instead of the native signal sequence was cloned into a vector, pPICZαC, and expressed successfully in Pichia pastoris as an active extracellular protein. The purified recombinant protein had pH and temperature optima of 7.0 and 50 °C, respectively, and was stable up to 50 °C. The optimal substrate for hydrolysis by the purified recombinant AoAXEC, among a panel of α-naphthyl esters (C2-C16), was α-naphthyl propionate (C3), with an activity of 0.35 ± 0.006 units/mg protein. No significant difference of the Km value was observed between C3 (2.3 ± 0.7 mM) and C2 (1.9 ± 0.4 mM). In contrast, kcat value for C3 (18 ± 3.9 s-1) was higher compared to C2 (4.5 ± 0.7 s-1). The purified recombinant enzyme displayed a low activity toward acyl chain substrates containing eight or more carbon atoms. Recombinant AoAXEC catalyzed the release of acetic acid from wheat arabinoxylan. However, no activity was detected on methyl esters of ferulic, p-coumaric, caffeic, or sinapic acids. Additionally, the liberation of phenolic acids, such as ferulic acid, from wheat arabinoxylan was not exhibited by the recombinant protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoe Kato
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, 1-23 Wakaba-machi, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shiono
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, 1-23 Wakaba-machi, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-8555, Japan
| | - Takuya Koseki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, 1-23 Wakaba-machi, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-8555, Japan.
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Xu J, Zhao X, Yao Q, Zong W, Dai S, Deng Z, Liu S, Yun J, Yang X, Li H. Cloning, characterization of a novel acetyl xylan esterase, and its potential application on wheat straw utilization. ALL LIFE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2021.1947393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xu
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Bioactive Drug Research, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshen Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Bioactive Drug Research, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Yao
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Bioactive Drug Research, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zong
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Bioactive Drug Research, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuang Dai
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Bioactive Drug Research, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zujun Deng
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Bioactive Drug Research, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shan Liu
- Guangzhou Basic Clean Cosmetics Manufacturing Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jeonyun Yun
- Guangzhou Basic Clean Cosmetics Manufacturing Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiong Yang
- Guangzhou Basic Clean Cosmetics Manufacturing Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - He Li
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Bioactive Drug Research, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Koh S, Imamura S, Fujino N, Mizuno M, Sato N, Makishima S, Biely P, Amano Y. Characterization of Acetylxylan Esterase from White-Rot Fungus Irpex lacteus. J Appl Glycosci (1999) 2019; 66:131-137. [PMID: 34429691 PMCID: PMC8367635 DOI: 10.5458/jag.jag.jag-2019_0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The carbohydrate esterase family 1 (CE1) in CAZy contains acetylxylan esterases (AXEs) and feruloyl esterases (FAEs). Here we cloned a gene coding for an AXE belonging to CE1 from Irpex lacteus (IlAXE1). IlAXE1 was heterologously expressed in Pichia pastoris, and the recombinant enzyme was purified and characterized. IlAXE1 hydrolyzed p-nitrophenyl acetate, α-naphthyl acetate and 4-methylumbelliferyl acetate, however, it did not show any activity on ethyl ferulate and methyl p-coumarate. We also examined the activity on partially acetylated and feruloylated xylan extracted from corncob by hydrothermal reaction. Similarly, ferulic and p-coumaric acids were not liberated, and acetic acid was only detected in the reaction mixture. The results indicated that IlAXE1 is an acetylxylan esterase actually reacted to acetyl xylan. However, since IlAXE1 was unable to completely release acetic acid esterifying xylopyranosyl residues, it is assumed that acetyl groups exhibiting resistance to deacetylation by IlAXE1 are present in corn cob xylan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangho Koh
- 1 Department of Bioscience and Textile Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University
| | - Seika Imamura
- 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University
| | | | - Masahiro Mizuno
- 1 Department of Bioscience and Textile Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University.,2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University.,4 Department of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University
| | | | - Satoshi Makishima
- 4 Department of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University.,5 B Food Science Co., Ltd
| | - Peter Biely
- 6 Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences
| | - Yoshihiko Amano
- 1 Department of Bioscience and Textile Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University.,2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University.,4 Department of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University
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Adesioye FA, Makhalanyane TP, Vikram S, Sewell BT, Schubert WD, Cowan DA. Structural Characterization and Directed Evolution of a Novel Acetyl Xylan Esterase Reveals Thermostability Determinants of the Carbohydrate Esterase 7 Family. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:e02695-17. [PMID: 29453256 PMCID: PMC5881061 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02695-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A hot desert hypolith metagenomic DNA sequence data set was screened in silico for genes annotated as acetyl xylan esterases (AcXEs). One of the genes identified encoded an ∼36-kDa protein (Axe1NaM1). The synthesized gene was cloned and expressed, and the resulting protein was purified. NaM1 was optimally active at pH 8.5 and 30°C and functionally stable at salt concentrations of up to 5 M. The specific activity and catalytic efficiency were 488.9 U mg-1 and 3.26 × 106 M-1 s-1, respectively. The crystal structure of wild-type NaM1 was solved at a resolution of 2.03 Å, and a comparison with the structures and models of more thermostable carbohydrate esterase 7 (CE7) family enzymes and variants of NaM1 from a directed evolution experiment suggests that reduced side-chain volume of protein core residues is relevant to the thermal stability of NaM1. Surprisingly, a single point mutation (N96S) not only resulted in a simultaneous improvement in thermal stability and catalytic efficiency but also increased the acyl moiety substrate range of NaM1.IMPORTANCE AcXEs belong to nine carbohydrate esterase families (CE1 to CE7, CE12, and CE16), of which CE7 enzymes possess a unique and narrow specificity for acetylated substrates. All structurally characterized members of this family are moderately to highly thermostable. The crystal structure of a novel, mesophilic CE7 AcXE (Axe1NaM1), from a soil metagenome, provides a basis for comparisons with thermostable CE7 enzymes. Using error-prone PCR and site-directed mutagenesis, we enhanced both the stability and activity of the mesophilic AcXE. With comparative structural analyses, we have also identified possible thermal stability determinants. These are valuable for understanding the thermal stability of enzymes within this family and as a guide for future protein engineering of CE7 and other α/β hydrolase enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiyinfoluwa A Adesioye
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Thulani P Makhalanyane
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Surendra Vikram
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Bryan T Sewell
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Don A Cowan
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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A novel trifunctional, family GH10 enzyme from Acidothermus cellulolyticus 11B, exhibiting endo-xylanase, arabinofuranosidase and acetyl xylan esterase activities. Extremophiles 2017; 22:109-119. [DOI: 10.1007/s00792-017-0981-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Crystal Structure and Substrate Specificity Modification of Acetyl Xylan Esterase from Aspergillus luchuensis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.01251-17. [PMID: 28802264 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01251-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetyl xylan esterase (AXE) catalyzes the hydrolysis of the acetyl bonds present in plant cell wall polysaccharides. Here, we determined the crystal structure of AXE from Aspergillus luchuensis (AlAXEA), providing the three-dimensional structure of an enzyme in the Esterase_phb family. AlAXEA shares its core α/β-hydrolase fold structure with esterases in other families, but it has an extended central β-sheet at both its ends and an extra loop. Structural comparison with a ferulic acid esterase (FAE) from Aspergillus niger indicated that AlAXEA has a conserved catalytic machinery: a catalytic triad (Ser119, His259, and Asp202) and an oxyanion hole (Cys40 and Ser120). Near the catalytic triad of AlAXEA, two aromatic residues (Tyr39 and Trp160) form small pockets at both sides. Homology models of fungal FAEs in the same Esterase_phb family have wide pockets at the corresponding sites because they have residues with smaller side chains (Pro, Ser, and Gly). Mutants with site-directed mutations at Tyr39 showed a substrate specificity similar to that of the wild-type enzyme, whereas those with mutations at Trp160 acquired an expanded substrate specificity. Interestingly, the Trp160 mutants acquired weak but significant type B-like FAE activity. Moreover, the engineered enzymes exhibited ferulic acid-releasing activity from wheat arabinoxylan.IMPORTANCE Hemicelluloses in the plant cell wall are often decorated by acetyl and ferulic acid groups. Therefore, complete and efficient degradation of plant polysaccharides requires the enzymes for cleaving the side chains of the polymer. Since the Esterase_phb family contains a wide array of fungal FAEs and AXEs from fungi and bacteria, our study will provide a structural basis for the molecular mechanism of these industrially relevant enzymes in biopolymer degradation. The structure of the Esterase_phb family also provides information for bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoate depolymerases that are involved in biodegradation of thermoplastic polymers.
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Yang Y, Zhu N, Yang J, Lin Y, Liu J, Wang R, Wang F, Yuan H. A novel bifunctional acetyl xylan esterase/arabinofuranosidase from Penicillium chrysogenum P33 enhances enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:166. [PMID: 28950907 PMCID: PMC5615437 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0777-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xylan, the major constituent of hemicellulose, is composed of β-(1,4)-linked xylopyranosyl units that for the backbone, with side chains formed by other chemical moieties such as arabinose, galactose, mannose, ferulic acid and acetyl groups. Acetyl xylan esterases and α-L-arabinofuranosidases are two important accessory enzymes that remove side chain residues from xylan backbones and may act in synergy with other xylanolytic enzymes. Compared with enzymes possessing a single catalytic activity, multifunctional enzymes can achieve lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysis using a less complex mixture of enzymes. RESULTS Here, we cloned an acetyl xylan esterase (PcAxe) from Penicillium chrysogenum P33 and expressed it in Pichia pastoris GS115. The optimal pH and temperature of the recombinant PcAxe (rPcAxe) for 4-nitrophenyl acetate were 7.0 and 40 °C, respectively. rPcAxe is stable across a broad pH range, retaining 100% enzyme activity om pH 6-9 after a 1 h incubation. The enzyme tolerates the presence of a wide range of metal ions. Sequence alignment revealed a GH62 domain exhibiting α-L-arabinofuranosidase activity with pH and temperature optima of pH 7.0 and 50 °C, in addition to the expected esterase domain. rPcAxe displayed significant synergy with a recombinant xylanase, with a degree of synergy of 1.35 for the hydrolysis of delignified corn stover. Release of glucose was increased by 51% from delignified corn stover when 2 mg of a commercial cellulase was replaced by an equivalent amount of rPcAxe, indicating superior hydrolytic efficiency. CONCLUSIONS The novel bifunctional enzyme PcAxe was identified in P. chrysogenum P33. rPcAxe includes a carbohydrate esterase domain and a glycosyl hydrolase family 62 domain. This is the first detailed report on a novel bifunctional enzyme possessing acetyl xylan esterase and α-L-arabinofuranosidase activities. These findings expand our current knowledge of glycoside hydrolases and pave the way for the discovery of similar novel enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinshui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruonan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengqin Wang
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongli Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Energy R & D Center for Non-food Biomass, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Manavalan T, Liu R, Zhou Z, Zou G. Optimization of acetyl xylan esterase gene expression in Trichoderma reesei and its application to improve the saccharification efficiency on different biomasses. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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9
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Adesioye FA, Makhalanyane TP, Biely P, Cowan DA. Phylogeny, classification and metagenomic bioprospecting of microbial acetyl xylan esterases. Enzyme Microb Technol 2016; 93-94:79-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abstract
SUMMARY Biomass is constructed of dense recalcitrant polymeric materials: proteins, lignin, and holocellulose, a fraction constituting fibrous cellulose wrapped in hemicellulose-pectin. Bacteria and fungi are abundant in soil and forest floors, actively recycling biomass mainly by extracting sugars from holocellulose degradation. Here we review the genome-wide contents of seven Aspergillus species and unravel hundreds of gene models encoding holocellulose-degrading enzymes. Numerous apparent gene duplications followed functional evolution, grouping similar genes into smaller coherent functional families according to specialized structural features, domain organization, biochemical activity, and genus genome distribution. Aspergilli contain about 37 cellulase gene models, clustered in two mechanistic categories: 27 hydrolyze and 10 oxidize glycosidic bonds. Within the oxidative enzymes, we found two cellobiose dehydrogenases that produce oxygen radicals utilized by eight lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases that oxidize glycosidic linkages, breaking crystalline cellulose chains and making them accessible to hydrolytic enzymes. Among the hydrolases, six cellobiohydrolases with a tunnel-like structural fold embrace single crystalline cellulose chains and cooperate at nonreducing or reducing end termini, splitting off cellobiose. Five endoglucanases group into four structural families and interact randomly and internally with cellulose through an open cleft catalytic domain, and finally, seven extracellular β-glucosidases cleave cellobiose and related oligomers into glucose. Aspergilli contain, on average, 30 hemicellulase and 7 accessory gene models, distributed among 9 distinct functional categories: the backbone-attacking enzymes xylanase, mannosidase, arabinase, and xyloglucanase, the short-side-chain-removing enzymes xylan α-1,2-glucuronidase, arabinofuranosidase, and xylosidase, and the accessory enzymes acetyl xylan and feruloyl esterases.
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Watanabe M, Fukada H, Inoue H, Ishikawa K. Crystal structure of an acetylesterase fromTalaromyces cellulolyticusand the importance of a disulfide bond near the active site. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:1200-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Tong X, Lange L, Grell MN, Busk PK. Hydrolysis of wheat arabinoxylan by two acetyl xylan esterases from Chaetomium thermophilum. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 175:1139-52. [PMID: 25369895 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1348-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The thermophilic filamentous ascomycete Chaetomium thermophilum produces functionally diverse hemicellulases when grown on hemicellulose as carbon source. Acetyl xylan esterase (EC 3.1.1.72) is an important accessory enzyme in hemicellulose biodegradation. Although the genome of C. thermophilum has been sequenced, its carbohydrate esterases are not annotated yet. We applied peptide pattern recognition (PPR) tool for sequence analysis of the C. thermophilum genome, and 11 carbohydrate esterase genes were discovered. Furthermore, we cloned and heterologously expressed two putative acetyl xylan esterase genes, CtAxeA and CtAxeB, in Pichia pastoris. The recombinant proteins, rCtAxeA and rCtAxeB, released acetic acids from p-nitrophenyl acetate and water-insoluble wheat arabinoxylan. These results indicate that CtAxeA and CtAxeB are true acetyl xylan esterases. For both recombinant esterases, over 93 % of the initial activity was retained after 24 h of incubation at temperatures up to 60 °C, and over 90 % of the initial activity was retained after 24 h of incubation in different buffers from pH 4.0 to 9.0 at 4 and 50 °C. The overall xylose yield from wheat arabinoxylan hydrolysis was 8 % with xylanase treatment and increased to 34 % when xylanase was combined with rCtAxeA and rCtAxeB. In sum, the present study first report the biochemical characterization of two acetyl xylan esterases from C. thermophilum, which are efficient in hydrolyzing hemicellulose with potential application in biomass bioconversion to high value chemicals or biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Tong
- Section for Sustainable Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Huy ND, Thiyagarajan S, Kim DH, Park SM. Cloning and characterization of a novel bifunctional acetyl xylan esterase with carbohydrate binding module from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. J Biosci Bioeng 2013; 115:507-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2012.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Juturu V, Aust C, Wu JC. Heterologous expression and biochemical characterization of acetyl xylan esterase from Coprinopsis cinerea. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-012-1215-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Hedge MK, Gehring AM, Adkins CT, Weston LA, Lavis LD, Johnson RJ. The structural basis for the narrow substrate specificity of an acetyl esterase from Thermotoga maritima. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2012; 1824:1024-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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16
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Srikrishnan S, Chen W, Da Silva NA. Functional assembly and characterization of a modular xylanosome for hemicellulose hydrolysis in yeast. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 110:275-85. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.24609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Peña-Montes C, Lange S, Flores I, Castro-Ochoa D, Schmid R, Cruz-García F, Farrés A. Molecular characterization of StcI esterase from Aspergillus nidulans. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 84:917-26. [PMID: 19440704 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2009] [Revised: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus nidulans produces StcI esterase, which is involved in the biosynthesis of sterigmatocystin, a precursor of aflatoxins. Previous reports of this esterase in A. nidulans suggest that it is composed of 286 amino acid residues with a theoretical molecular mass of 31 kDa. Various conditions were evaluated to determine the optimal expression conditions for StcI; the highest level was observed when A. nidulans was cultured in solid oat media. Various esterases were expressed differentially according to the culture media used. However, specific antibodies designed to detect StcI reacted with a protein with an unexpected molecular mass of 35 kDa in cell extracts from all expression conditions. Analysis of the gene sequence and already reported expressed sequence tags indicated the presence of an additional 29-amino-acid N-terminal region of StcI, which is not a signal peptide and which has not been previously reported. We also detected the presence of this additional N-terminal region using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The complete protein (NStcI) was cloned and successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Peña-Montes
- Food and Biotechnology Department, Chemistry Faculty, National Autonomous University of Mexico , Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, DF 04510, Mexico
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Chungool W, Thongkam W, Raweesri P, Thamchaipenet A, Pinphanichakarn P. Production, purification, and characterization of acetyl esterase from Streptomyces sp. PC22 and its action in cooperation with xylanolytic enzymes on xylan degradation. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-007-9509-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Gordillo F, Caputo V, Peirano A, Chavez R, Van Beeumen J, Vandenberghe I, Claeyssens M, Bull P, Ravanal MC, Eyzaguirre J. Penicillium purpurogenum produces a family 1 acetyl xylan esterase containing a carbohydrate-binding module: characterization of the protein and its gene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 110:1129-39. [PMID: 17008082 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycres.2006.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2006] [Revised: 05/22/2006] [Accepted: 07/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
At least three acetyl xylan esterases (AXE I, II and III) are secreted by Penicillium purpurogenum. This publication describes more detailed work on AXE I and its gene. AXE I binds cellulose but not xylan; it is glycosylated and inactivated by phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride, showing that it is a serine esterase. The axe1 gene presents an open reading frame of 1278 bp, including two introns of 68 and 61 bp; it codes for a signal peptide of 31 residues and a mature protein of 351 amino acids (molecular weight 36,693). AXE I has a modular structure: a catalytic module at the amino terminus belonging to family 1 of the carbohydrate esterases, a linker rich in serines and threonines, and a family 1 carboxy terminal carbohydrate binding module (CBM). The CBM is similar to that of AXE from Trichoderma reesei, (with a family 5 catalytic module) indicating that the genes for catalytic modules and CBMs have evolved separately, and that they have been linked by gene fusion. The promoter sequence of axe1 contains several putative sequences for binding of gene expression regulators also found in other family 1 esterase gene promoters. It is proposed that AXE I and II act in succession in xylan degradation; first, xylan is attacked by AXE I and other xylanases possessing CBMs (which facilitate binding to lignocellulose), followed by other enzymes acting mainly on soluble substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Gordillo
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile
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Koseki T, Miwa Y, Akao T, Akita O, Hashizume K. An Aspergillus oryzae acetyl xylan esterase: Molecular cloning and characteristics of recombinant enzyme expressed in Pichia pastoris. J Biotechnol 2006; 121:381-9. [PMID: 16129506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2005.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2005] [Accepted: 07/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We screened 20,000 clones of an expressed sequence tag (EST) library from Aspergillus oryzae (http://www.nrib.go.jp/ken/EST/db/index.html) and obtained one cDNA clone encoding a protein with similarity to fungal acetyl xylan esterase. We also cloned the corresponding gene, designated as Aoaxe, from the genomic DNA. The deduced amino acid sequence consisted of a putative signal peptide of 31-amino acids and a mature protein of 276-amino acids. We engineered Aoaxe for heterologous expression in P. pastoris. Recombinant AoAXE (rAoAXE) was secreted by the aid of fused alpha-factor secretion signal peptide and accumulated as an active enzyme in the culture medium to a final level of 190 mg/l after 5 days. Purified rAoAXEA before and after treatment with endoglycosidase H migrated by SDS-PAGE with a molecular mass of 31 and 30 kDa, respectively. Purified rAoAXE displayed the greatest hydrolytic activity toward alpha-naphthylacetate (C2), lower activity toward alpha-naphthylpropionate (C3) and no detectable activity toward acyl-chain substrates containing four or more carbon atoms. The recombinant enzyme catalyzed the release of acetic acid from birchwood xylan. No activity was detectable using methyl esters of ferulic, caffeic or sinapic acids. rAoAXE was thermolabile in comparison to other AXEs from Aspergillus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Koseki
- National Research Institute of Brewing, 3-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan.
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