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Garvey M, Ecroyd H, Ray NJ, Gerrard JA, Carver JA. Functional Amyloid Protection in the Eye Lens: Retention of α-Crystallin Molecular Chaperone Activity after Modification into Amyloid Fibrils. Biomolecules 2017; 7:biom7030067. [PMID: 28895938 PMCID: PMC5618248 DOI: 10.3390/biom7030067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid fibril formation occurs from a wide range of peptides and proteins and is typically associated with a loss of protein function and/or a gain of toxic function, as the native structure of the protein undergoes major alteration to form a cross β-sheet array. It is now well recognised that some amyloid fibrils have a biological function, which has led to increased interest in the potential that these so-called functional amyloids may either retain the function of the native protein, or gain function upon adopting a fibrillar structure. Herein, we investigate the molecular chaperone ability of α-crystallin, the predominant eye lens protein which is composed of two related subunits αA- and αB-crystallin, and its capacity to retain and even enhance its chaperone activity after forming aggregate structures under conditions of thermal and chemical stress. We demonstrate that both eye lens α-crystallin and αB-crystallin (which is also found extensively outside the lens) retain, to a significant degree, their molecular chaperone activity under conditions of structural change, including after formation into amyloid fibrils and amorphous aggregates. The results can be related directly to the effects of aging on the structure and chaperone function of α-crystallin in the eye lens, particularly its ability to prevent crystallin protein aggregation and hence lens opacification associated with cataract formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Garvey
- CSL Limited, 45 Poplar Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- School of Biological Sciences and the Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - Nicholas J Ray
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Juliet A Gerrard
- School of Biological Science and School of Chemical Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
| | - John A Carver
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Australia.
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Kurganov BI. Quantification of anti-aggregation activity of chaperones. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 100:104-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Haslbeck M, Peschek J, Buchner J, Weinkauf S. Structure and function of α-crystallins: Traversing from in vitro to in vivo. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1860:149-66. [PMID: 26116912 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The two α-crystallins (αA- and αB-crystallin) are major components of our eye lenses. Their key function there is to preserve lens transparency which is a challenging task as the protein turnover in the lens is low necessitating the stability and longevity of the constituent proteins. α-Crystallins are members of the small heat shock protein family. αB-crystallin is also expressed in other cell types. SCOPE OF THE REVIEW The review summarizes the current concepts on the polydisperse structure of the α-crystallin oligomer and its chaperone function with a focus on the inherent complexity and highlighting gaps between in vitro and in vivo studies. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Both α-crystallins protect proteins from irreversible aggregation in a promiscuous manner. In maintaining eye lens transparency, they reduce the formation of light scattering particles and balance the interactions between lens crystallins. Important for these functions is their structural dynamics and heterogeneity as well as the regulation of these processes which we are beginning to understand. However, currently, it still remains elusive to which extent the in vitro observed properties of α-crystallins reflect the highly crowded situation in the lens. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Since α-crystallins play an important role in preventing cataract in the eye lens and in the development of diverse diseases, understanding their mechanism and substrate spectra is of importance. To bridge the gap between the concepts established in vitro and the in vivo function of α-crystallins, the joining of forces between different scientific disciplines and the combination of diverse techniques in hybrid approaches are necessary. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Crystallin Biochemistry in Health and Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Haslbeck
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Jirka Peschek
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes Buchner
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany.
| | - Sevil Weinkauf
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany.
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Treweek TM, Meehan S, Ecroyd H, Carver JA. Small heat-shock proteins: important players in regulating cellular proteostasis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:429-451. [PMID: 25352169 PMCID: PMC11113218 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1754-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Small heat-shock proteins (sHsps) are a diverse family of intra-cellular molecular chaperone proteins that play a critical role in mitigating and preventing protein aggregation under stress conditions such as elevated temperature, oxidation and infection. In doing so, they assist in the maintenance of protein homeostasis (proteostasis) thereby avoiding the deleterious effects that result from loss of protein function and/or protein aggregation. The chaperone properties of sHsps are therefore employed extensively in many tissues to prevent the development of diseases associated with protein aggregation. Significant progress has been made of late in understanding the structure and chaperone mechanism of sHsps. In this review, we discuss some of these advances, with a focus on mammalian sHsp hetero-oligomerisation, the mechanism by which sHsps act as molecular chaperones to prevent both amorphous and fibrillar protein aggregation, and the role of post-translational modifications in sHsp chaperone function, particularly in the context of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa M Treweek
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - Sarah Meehan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - John A Carver
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia.
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Chalova AS, Sudnitsyna MV, Semenyuk PI, Orlov VN, Gusev NB. Effect of disulfide crosslinking on thermal transitions and chaperone-like activity of human small heat shock protein HspB1. Cell Stress Chaperones 2014; 19:963-72. [PMID: 24898092 PMCID: PMC4389837 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-014-0520-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature-induced conformational changes of reduced and oxidized HspB1 crosslinked by disulfide bond between single Cys137 of neighboring monomers were analyzed by means of different techniques. Heating of reduced HspB1 was accompanied by irreversible changes of Trp fluorescence, whereas oxidized HspB1 underwent completely reversible changes of fluorescence. Increase of the temperature in the range of 20-70 °C was accompanied by self-association of both reduced and oxidized protein. Further increase of the temperature led to formation of heterogeneous mixture of large self-associated complexes of reduced HspB1 and to formation of smaller and less heterogeneous complexes of oxidized HspB1. Heat-induced changes of oligomeric state of reduced HspB1 were only partially reversible, whereas the corresponding changes of oligomeric state of oxidized HspB1 were almost completely reversible. Oxidation resulted in decrease of chaperone-like activity of HspB1. It is concluded that oxidative stress, inducing formation of disulfide bond, can affect stability and conformational mobility of human HspB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S. Chalova
- />Department of Biochemistry, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Maria V. Sudnitsyna
- />Department of Biochemistry, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Pavel I. Semenyuk
- />Division of Physical Methods of Investigation, A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-chemical biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Victor N. Orlov
- />Division of Physical Methods of Investigation, A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-chemical biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Nikolai B. Gusev
- />Department of Biochemistry, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russian Federation
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Structural Properties of Silkworm Small Heat-Shock Proteins: sHSP19.9 and sHSP20.8. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 74:1556-63. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.100131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Kurganov BI. Antiaggregation activity of chaperones and its quantification. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2014; 78:1554-66. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297913130129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Georgalis Y, Braun N, Peschek J, Appavou MS. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Human recombinant α-crystallins: temperature dependence of diffusion coefficients. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL : EBJ 2013; 42:417. [PMID: 23306588 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-012-0882-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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Mares RE, Meléndez-López SG, Ramos MA. Acid-denatured Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) as model substrate to study the chaperone activity of protein disulfide isomerase. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:4625-36. [PMID: 21845100 PMCID: PMC3155373 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12074625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Green fluorescent protein (GFP) has been widely used in several molecular and cellular biology applications, since it is remarkably stable in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, native GFP is resistant to the most common chemical denaturants; however, a low fluorescence signal has been observed after acid-induced denaturation. Furthermore, this acid-denatured GFP has been used as substrate in studies of the folding activity of some bacterial chaperones and other chaperone-like molecules. Protein disulfide isomerase enzymes, a family of eukaryotic oxidoreductases that catalyze the oxidation and isomerization of disulfide bonds in nascent polypeptides, play a key role in protein folding and it could display chaperone activity. However, contrasting results have been reported using different proteins as model substrates. Here, we report the further application of GFP as a model substrate to study the chaperone activity of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) enzymes. Since refolding of acid-denatured GFP can be easily and directly monitored, a simple micro-assay was used to study the effect of the molecular participants in protein refolding assisted by PDI. Additionally, the effect of a well-known inhibitor of PDI chaperone activity was also analyzed. Because of the diversity their functional activities, PDI enzymes are potentially interesting drug targets. Since PDI may be implicated in the protection of cells against ER stress, including cancer cells, inhibitors of PDI might be able to enhance the efficacy of cancer chemotherapy; furthermore, it has been demonstrated that blocking the reductive cleavage of disulfide bonds of proteins associated with the cell surface markedly reduces the infectivity of the human immunodeficiency virus. Although several high-throughput screening (HTS) assays to test PDI reductase activity have been described, we report here a novel and simple micro-assay to test the chaperone activity of PDI enzymes, which is amenable for HTS of PDI inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa E Mares
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Calzada Universidad 14418, Parque Industrial Internacional, Tijuana, Baja California 22390, México; E-Mails: (R.E.M.); (S.G.M.-L.)
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Ramos MA, Mares RE, Magaña PD, Rivas ID, Meléndez-López SG. Entamoeba histolytica: Biochemical characterization of a protein disulfide isomerase. Exp Parasitol 2011; 128:76-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2011.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Revised: 02/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Clarke M, Artero J, Moulin M, Callow P, Carver J, Griffiths P, Haertlein M, Harding J, Meek K, Timmins P, Regini J. Investigation of γE-crystallin target protein binding to bovine lens alpha-crystallin by small-angle neutron scattering. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2010; 1800:392-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2009] [Revised: 11/11/2009] [Accepted: 12/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Tiroli-Cepeda AO, Ramos CHI. Heat causes oligomeric disassembly and increases the chaperone activity of small heat shock proteins from sugarcane. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2010; 48:108-116. [PMID: 20137963 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Revised: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHsp) constitute an important chaperone family linked to conformational diseases. In plants, sHsps prevent protein aggregation by acting as thermosensors and to enhance cell stress tolerance. SsHsp17.2 and SsHsp17.9 are the most highly expressed class I sHsps in sugarcane. They exist as dodecamers at 20 degrees C and have distinct substrate specificities. Therefore, they are useful models to study how class I SHsps work. Here we present data on the effects of heat on the oligomerization and chaperone activity of SsHsp17.2 and SsHsp17.9. Using several biophysical and biochemical probes, we show that the effects of heat are completely reversible, an important property for proteins that act at heat shock temperatures. SsHsp17.2 and SsHsp17.9 dodecamers dissociated to dimers at temperatures ranging from 40 to 45 degrees C and this dissociation was followed by enhanced chaperone activity. We conclude that high temperature affects the oligomeric state of these chaperones, resulting in enhanced chaperone activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana O Tiroli-Cepeda
- Chemistry Institute, University of Campinas UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
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Coi A, Bianucci AM, Bonomi F, Rasmussen P, Mura GM, Ganadu ML. Structural perturbation of alphaB-crystallin by zinc and temperature related to its chaperone-like activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2007; 42:229-34. [PMID: 18048095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2007.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2007] [Revised: 09/14/2007] [Accepted: 10/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
alphaB-crystallin is a small heat shock protein that shows chaperone-like activity, as it protects the aggregation of denatured proteins. In this work, the possible relationships between structural characteristics and the biological activity of alphaB-crystallin were investigated on the native protein and on the protein undergoing the separate effects of metal ligation and temperature. The chaperone-like activity of alphaB-crystallin increased in the presence of zinc and when temperature was increased. By using fluorescent probes to monitor hydrophobic surfaces on alphaB-crystallin, it was found that exposed hydrophobic patches on the protein surface increased significantly both in the presence of zinc and when the temperature was raised from 25 to 37 degrees C. The zinc-induced increased exposure of lipophilic residues is in agreement with theoretical calculations performed on 3D-models of monomeric alphaB-crystallin, and may be significant to its increased biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Coi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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