1
|
Berger JE, Teixeira SCM, Reed K, Razinkov VI, Sloey CJ, Qi W, Roberts CJ. High-Pressure, Low-Temperature Induced Unfolding and Aggregation of Monoclonal Antibodies: Role of the Fc and Fab Fragments. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:4431-4441. [PMID: 35675067 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c10528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effects of high pressure and low temperature on the stability of two different monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were examined in this work. Fluorescence and small-angle neutron scattering were used to monitor the in situ effects of pressure to infer shifts in tertiary structure and characterize aggregation prone intermediates. Partial unfolding was observed for both MAbs, to different extents, under a range of pressure/temperature conditions. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was also used to monitor ex situ changes in secondary structure. Preservation of native secondary structure after incubation at elevated pressures and subzero ° C temperatures was independent of the extent of tertiary unfolding and reversibility. Several combinations of pressure and temperature were also used to discern the respective contributions of the isolated Ab fragments (Fab and Fc) to unfolding and aggregation. The fragments for each antibody showed significantly different partial unfolding profiles and reversibility. There was not a simple correlation between stability of the full MAb and either the Fc or Fab fragment stabilities across all cases, demonstrating a complex relationship to full MAb unfolding and aggregation behavior. That notwithstanding, the combined use of spectroscopic and scattering techniques provides insights into MAb conformational stability and hysteresis in high-pressure, low-temperature environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan E Berger
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Susana C M Teixeira
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States.,NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Kaelan Reed
- PharmBIO Products, W. L. Gore & Associates, Elkton, Maryland 21921, United States
| | - Vladimir I Razinkov
- Drug Product Technologies, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Christopher J Sloey
- Drug Product Technologies, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Wei Qi
- Drug Product Technologies, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Christopher J Roberts
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gomes DC, Teixeira SCM, Leão JB, Razinkov VI, Qi W, Rodrigues MA, Roberts CJ. In Situ Monitoring of Protein Unfolding/Structural States under Cold High-Pressure Stress. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:4415-4427. [PMID: 34699230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Biopharmaceutical formulations may be compromised by freezing, which has been attributed to protein conformational changes at a low temperature, and adsorption to ice-liquid interfaces. However, direct measurements of unfolding/conformational changes in sub-0 °C environments are limited because at ambient pressure, freezing of water can occur, which limits the applicability of otherwise commonly used analytical techniques without specifically tailored instrumentation. In this report, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and intrinsic fluorescence (FL) were used to provide in situ analysis of protein tertiary structure/folding at temperatures as low as -15 °C utilizing a high-pressure (HP) environment (up to 3 kbar) that prevents water from freezing. The results show that the α-chymotrypsinogen A (aCgn) structure is reasonably maintained under acidic pH (and corresponding pD) for all conditions of pressure and temperature tested. On the other hand, reversible structural changes and formation of oligomeric species were detected near -10 °C via HP-SANS for ovalbumin under neutral pD conditions. This was found to be related to the proximity of the temperature of cold denaturation of ovalbumin (TCD ∼ -17 °C; calculated via isothermal chemical denaturation and Gibbs-Helmholtz extrapolation) rather than a pressure effect. Significant structural changes were also observed for a monoclonal antibody, anti-streptavidin IgG1 (AS-IgG1), under acidic conditions near -5 °C and a pressure of ∼2 kbar. The conformational perturbation detected for AS-IgG1 is proposed to be consistent with the formation of unfolding intermediates such as molten globule states. Overall, the in situ approaches described here offer a means to characterize the conformational stability of biopharmaceuticals and proteins more generally under cold-temperature stress by the assessment of structural alteration, self-association, and reversibility of each process. This offers an alternative to current ex situ methods that are based on higher temperatures and subsequent extrapolation of the data and interpretations to the cold-temperature regime.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Gomes
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, Delaware 19713, United States
| | - Susana C M Teixeira
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, Delaware 19713, United States.,NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Juscelino B Leão
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Vladimir I Razinkov
- Drug Product Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Wei Qi
- Drug Product Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Miguel A Rodrigues
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Christopher J Roberts
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, Delaware 19713, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Levin A, Cinar S, Paulus M, Nase J, Winter R, Czeslik C. Analyzing protein-ligand and protein-interface interactions using high pressure. Biophys Chem 2019; 252:106194. [PMID: 31177023 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2019.106194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
All protein function is based on interactions with the environment. Proteins can bind molecules for their transport, their catalytic conversion, or for signal transduction. They can bind to each other, and they adsorb at interfaces, such as lipid membranes or material surfaces. An experimental characterization is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms, but also to make use of proteins in biotechnology or biomedicine. When protein interactions are studied under high pressure, volume changes are revealed that directly describe spatial contributions to these interactions. Moreover, the strength of protein interactions with ligands or interfaces can be tuned in a smooth way by pressure modulation, which can be utilized in the design of drugs and bio-responsive interfaces. In this short review, selected studies of protein-ligand and protein-interface interactions are presented that were carried out under high pressure. Furthermore, a perspective on bio-responsive interfaces is given where protein-ligand binding is applied to create functional interfacial structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artem Levin
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Süleyman Cinar
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael Paulus
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät Physik/Delta, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Julia Nase
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät Physik/Delta, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Roland Winter
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Claus Czeslik
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Annighöfer B, Hélary A, Brûlet A, Colas de la Noue A, Loupiac C, Combet S. A high pressure cell using metallic windows to investigate the structure of molecular solutions up to 600 MPa by small-angle neutron scattering. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:025106. [PMID: 30831774 DOI: 10.1063/1.5051765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report on a high pressure (HP) cell designed for the determination of the structure of molecular solutions by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The HP cell is fitted up with two thick metallic windows that make the device very resistant under hydrostatic pressures up to 600 MPa (or 6 kbar). The metallic windows are removable, offering the possibility to adapt the HP cell to a given study with the pressure desired on an appropriate spatial range to study the structure of various molecular solutions by SANS. In this context, we report the absorption, transmission, and scattering properties of different metallic windows. Finally, we describe, as a proof of principle, the solution structure changes of myoglobin, a small globular protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard Annighöfer
- Laboratoire Léon-Brillouin (LLB), UMR 12 CEA-CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - Arnaud Hélary
- Laboratoire Léon-Brillouin (LLB), UMR 12 CEA-CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - Annie Brûlet
- Laboratoire Léon-Brillouin (LLB), UMR 12 CEA-CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - Alexandre Colas de la Noue
- Laboratoire Léon-Brillouin (LLB), UMR 12 CEA-CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - Camille Loupiac
- Laboratoire Léon-Brillouin (LLB), UMR 12 CEA-CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - Sophie Combet
- Laboratoire Léon-Brillouin (LLB), UMR 12 CEA-CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cinar S, Al-Ayoubi S, Sternemann C, Peters J, Winter R, Czeslik C. A high pressure study of calmodulin-ligand interactions using small-angle X-ray and elastic incoherent neutron scattering. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:3514-3522. [PMID: 29336441 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07399b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Calmodulin (CaM) is a Ca2+ sensor and mediates Ca2+ signaling through binding of numerous target ligands. The binding of ligands by Ca2+-saturated CaM (holo-CaM) is governed by attractive hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions that are weakened under high pressure in aqueous solutions. Moreover, the potential formation of void volumes upon ligand binding creates a further source of pressure sensitivity. Hence, high pressure is a suitable thermodynamic variable to probe protein-ligand interactions. In this study, we compare the binding of two different ligands to holo-CaM as a function of pressure by using X-ray and neutron scattering techniques. The two ligands are the farnesylated hypervariable region (HVR) of the K-Ras4B protein, which is a natural binding partner of holo-CaM, and the antagonist trifluoperazine (TFP), which is known to inhibit holo-CaM activity. From small-angle X-ray scattering experiments performed up to 3000 bar, we observe a pressure-induced partial unfolding of the free holo-CaM in the absence of ligands, where the two lobes of the dumbbell-shaped protein are slightly swelled. In contrast, upon binding TFP, holo-CaM forms a closed globular conformation, which is pressure stable at least up to 3000 bar. The HVR of K-Ras4B shows a different binding behavior, and the data suggest the dissociation of the holo-CaM/HVR complex under high pressure, probably due to a less dense protein contact of the HVR as compared to TFP. The elastic incoherent neutron scattering experiments corroborate these findings. Below 2000 bar, pressure induces enhanced atomic fluctuations in both holo-CaM/ligand complexes, but those of the holo-CaM/HVR complex seem to be larger. Thus, the inhibition of holo-CaM by TFP is supported by a low-volume ligand binding, albeit this is not associated with a rigidification of the complex structure on the sub-ns Å-scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Süleyman Cinar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cinar S, Möbitz S, Al-Ayoubi S, Seidlhofer BK, Czeslik C. Building Polyelectrolyte Multilayers with Calmodulin: A Neutron and X-ray Reflectivity Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:3982-3990. [PMID: 28379700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the formation and functional properties of polyelectrolyte multilayers where calmodulin (CaM) is used as a polyanion. CaM is known to populate distinct conformational states upon binding Ca2+ and small ligand molecules. Therefore, we have also probed the effects of Ca2+ ions and trifluoperazine (TFP) as ligand molecule on the interfacial structures. Multilayers with the maximum sequence PEI-(PSS-PAH)x-CaM-PAH-CaM-PAH have been deposited on silicon wafers and characterized by X-ray and neutron reflectometry. From the analysis of all data, several remarkable conclusions can be drawn. When CaM is deposited for the second time, a much thicker sublayer is produced than in the first CaM deposition step. However, upon rinsing with PAH, very thin CaM-PAH sublayers remain. There are no indications that ligand TFP can be involved in the multilayer buildup due to strong CaM-PAH interactions. However, there is a significant increase in the multilayer thickness upon removal of Ca2+ ions from holo-CaM and an equivalent decrease in the multilayer thickness upon subsequent saturation of apo-CaM with Ca2+ ions. Presumably, CaM can still be toggled between an apo and a holo state, when it is embedded in polyelectrolyte multilayers, providing an approach to design bioresponsive interfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Süleyman Cinar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University , D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Simone Möbitz
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University , D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Samy Al-Ayoubi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University , D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Claus Czeslik
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University , D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Schroer MA, Westermeier F, Lehmkühler F, Conrad H, Schavkan A, Zozulya AV, Fischer B, Roseker W, Sprung M, Gutt C, Grübel G. Colloidal crystallite suspensions studied by high pressure small angle x-ray scattering. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:084903. [PMID: 26931722 DOI: 10.1063/1.4941563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on high pressure small angle x-ray scattering on suspensions of colloidal crystallites in water. The crystallites made out of charge-stabilized poly-acrylate particles exhibit a complex pressure dependence which is based on the specific pressure properties of the suspending medium water. The dominant effect is a compression of the crystallites caused by the compression of the water. In addition, we find indications that also the electrostatic properties of the system, i.e. the particle charge and the dissociation of ions, might play a role for the pressure dependence of the samples. The data further suggest that crystallites in a metastable state induced by shear-induced melting can relax to a similar structural state upon the application of pressure and dilution with water. X-ray cross correlation analysis of the two-dimensional scattering patterns indicates a pressure-dependent increase of the orientational order of the crystallites correlated with growth of these in the suspension. This study underlines the potential of pressure as a very relevant parameter to understand colloidal crystallite systems in aqueous suspension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Schroer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Westermeier
- Max-Planck-Institut für Struktur und Dynamik der Materie, CFEL, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Lehmkühler
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - H Conrad
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Schavkan
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A V Zozulya
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Fischer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - W Roseker
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Sprung
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Gutt
- Department of Physics, University of Siegen, Walter-Flex-Str. 3, 57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - G Grübel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Erwin N, Patra S, Winter R. Probing conformational and functional substates of calmodulin by high pressure FTIR spectroscopy: influence of Ca2+ binding and the hypervariable region of K-Ras4B. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:30020-30028. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp06553h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using pressure perturbation, conformational substates of CaM could be uncovered that conceivably facilitate target recognition by exposing the required binding surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nelli Erwin
- Physical Chemistry I - Biophysical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- TU Dortmund University
- D-44227 Dortmund
- Germany
| | - Satyajit Patra
- Physical Chemistry I - Biophysical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- TU Dortmund University
- D-44227 Dortmund
- Germany
| | - Roland Winter
- Physical Chemistry I - Biophysical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- TU Dortmund University
- D-44227 Dortmund
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Marion J, Trovaslet M, Martinez N, Masson P, Schweins R, Nachon F, Trapp M, Peters J. Pressure-induced molten globule state of human acetylcholinesterase: structural and dynamical changes monitored by neutron scattering. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:3157-63. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02992e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We used neutron scattering to study the effects of high hydrostatic pressure on the structure and dynamics of human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Marion
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes
- IBS
- F-38044 Grenoble
- France
- Institut Laue Langevin
| | - M. Trovaslet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes
- IBS
- F-38044 Grenoble
- France
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées
| | - N. Martinez
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes
- IBS
- F-38044 Grenoble
- France
- Institut Laue Langevin
| | - P. Masson
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes
- IBS
- F-38044 Grenoble
- France
- Kazan Federal University
| | - R. Schweins
- Institut Laue Langevin
- F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9
- France
| | - F. Nachon
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes
- IBS
- F-38044 Grenoble
- France
- Institut Laue Langevin
| | - M. Trapp
- Angewandte Physikalische Chemie
- Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie
| | - J. Peters
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes
- IBS
- F-38044 Grenoble
- France
- Institut Laue Langevin
| |
Collapse
|