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Berns HM, Watkins-Chow DE, Lu S, Louphrasitthiphol P, Zhang T, Brown KM, Moura-Alves P, Goding CR, Pavan WJ. Single-cell profiling of MC1R-inhibited melanocytes. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2024; 37:291-308. [PMID: 37972124 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The human red hair color (RHC) trait is caused by increased pheomelanin (red-yellow) and reduced eumelanin (black-brown) pigment in skin and hair due to diminished melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) function. In addition, individuals harboring the RHC trait are predisposed to melanoma development. While MC1R variants have been established as causative of RHC and are a well-defined risk factor for melanoma, it remains unclear mechanistically why decreased MC1R signaling alters pigmentation and increases melanoma susceptibility. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of melanocytes isolated from RHC mouse models to define a MC1R-inhibited Gene Signature (MiGS) comprising a large set of previously unidentified genes which may be implicated in melanogenesis and oncogenic transformation. We show that one of the candidate MiGS genes, TBX3, a well-known anti-senescence transcription factor implicated in melanoma progression, binds both E-box and T-box elements to regulate genes associated with melanogenesis and senescence bypass. Our results provide key insights into further mechanisms by which melanocytes with reduced MC1R signaling may regulate pigmentation and offer new candidates of study toward understanding how individuals with the RHC phenotype are predisposed to melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Matthew Berns
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dawn E Watkins-Chow
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sizhu Lu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pakavarin Louphrasitthiphol
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tongwu Zhang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin M Brown
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Pedro Moura-Alves
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, PT, Portugal
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, PT, Portugal
| | - Colin R Goding
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - William J Pavan
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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2
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Asano N, Imatani A, Takeuchi A, Saito M, Jin XY, Hatta W, Uno K, Koike T, Masamune A. Role of T-box transcription factor 3 in gastric cancers. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2023; 14:12-20. [PMID: 37035275 PMCID: PMC10074946 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v14.i2.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of T-box transcription factor 3 (TBX3) has been identified in various cancers, including gastric cancers. Its role in breast cancers and melanomas has been intensively studied, and its contribution to the progression of cancers through suppressing senescence and promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition has been reported. Recent reports on the role of TBX3 in gastric cancers have implied its involvement in gastric carcinogenesis. Considering its pivotal role in the initiation and progression of cancers, TBX3 could be a promising therapeutic target for gastric cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Asano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Akira Imatani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Akio Takeuchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Masashi Saito
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Xiao-Yi Jin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Waku Hatta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Kaname Uno
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Koike
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Atsushi Masamune
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
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3
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Berns HM, Watkins-Chow DE, Lu S, Louphrasitthiphol P, Zhang T, Brown KM, Moura-Alves P, Goding CR, Pavan WJ. Loss of MC1R signaling implicates TBX3 in pheomelanogenesis and melanoma predisposition. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.10.532018. [PMID: 37090624 PMCID: PMC10120706 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.10.532018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The human Red Hair Color (RHC) trait is caused by increased pheomelanin (red-yellow) and reduced eumelanin (black-brown) pigment in skin and hair due to diminished melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) function. In addition, individuals harboring the RHC trait are predisposed to melanoma development. While MC1R variants have been established as causative of RHC and are a well-defined risk factor for melanoma, it remains unclear mechanistically why decreased MC1R signaling alters pigmentation and increases melanoma susceptibility. Here, we use single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) of melanocytes isolated from RHC mouse models to reveal a Pheomelanin Gene Signature (PGS) comprising genes implicated in melanogenesis and oncogenic transformation. We show that TBX3, a well-known anti-senescence transcription factor implicated in melanoma progression, is part of the PGS and binds both E-box and T-box elements to regulate genes associated with melanogenesis and senescence bypass. Our results provide key insights into mechanisms by which MC1R signaling regulates pigmentation and how individuals with the RHC phenotype are predisposed to melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Matthew Berns
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Dawn E. Watkins-Chow
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sizhu Lu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Pakavarin Louphrasitthiphol
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tongwu Zhang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, 13 USA
| | - Kevin M. Brown
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, 13 USA
| | - Pedro Moura-Alves
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, PT
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, PT
| | - Colin R. Goding
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - William J. Pavan
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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4
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Asano N, Takeuchi A, Imatani A, Saito M, Jin X, Hatta W, Uno K, Koike T, Masamune A. Wnt Signaling and Aging of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012210. [PMID: 36293064 PMCID: PMC9603545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is considered a risk factor for various diseases including cancers. In this aging society, there is an urgent need to clarify the molecular mechanisms involved in aging. Wnt signaling has been shown to play a crucial role in the maintenance and differentiation of tissue stem cells, and intensive studies have elucidated its pivotal role in the aging of neural and muscle stem cells. However, until recently, such studies on the gastrointestinal tract have been limited. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the study of the role of Wnt signaling in the aging of the gastrointestinal tract and aging-related carcinogenesis.
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Lopatka A, Moon AM. Complex functional redundancy of Tbx2 and Tbx3 in mouse limb development. Dev Dyn 2022; 251:1613-1627. [PMID: 35506352 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The limb phenotypes of Tbx2 and Tbx3 mutants are distinct: loss of Tbx2 results in isolated duplication of digit 4 in the hindlimb while loss of Tbx3 results in anterior polydactyly and posterior oligodactly in the forelimb. In the face of such disparate phenotypes, we sought to determine whether Tbx2 and Tbx3 have functional redundancy during development of the mouse limb. We found that sequential loss of alleles generates defects that are not simply additive of those observed in single mutants and that multiple structures in both the forelimb and hindlimb display compound sensitivity to decreased gene dosage. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alika Lopatka
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anne M Moon
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Hess Center for Science and Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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6
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Huang L, Zhang X, Li F, Wang X. MicroRNA-143-3p/TBX3 Axis Represses Malignant Cell Behaviors in Bladder Cancer. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2880087. [PMID: 35126619 PMCID: PMC8813229 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2880087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To offer new insight for bladder cancer therapy through researching the microRNA-143-3p/TBX3 axis. METHODS Differentially expressed microRNAs in bladder cancer were provided by databases to find microRNA that may regulate TBX3. qRT-PCR was utilized to test levels of TBX3 mRNA and microRNA-143-3p. Their binding was verified with a dual-luciferase method. Malignant cell behaviors were examined by cell functional experiments. Levels of TBX3 protein and proteins pertinent to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were tested by western blot. RESULTS TBX3 was highly expressed in bladder cancer cells. MicroRNA-143-3p presented the most conspicuously negative correlation with TBX3, and they had binding sites. Cell functional experiments proved that TBX3 facilitated bladder cancer cell functions and EMT. MicroRNA-143-3p was demonstrated to downregulate TBX3 expression. Rescue assay further illuminated that microRNA-143-3p repressed bladder cancer cell functions and EMT through downregulating TBX3 expression. CONCLUSION These data all indicated that TBX3 was modulated by microRNA-143-3p and acted as a cancer promoter gene in bladder cancer progression via affecting tumor proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT. Therefore, a microRNA-143-3p/TBX3 network might be an underlying target for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifu Huang
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang Province, China 318050
- Enze Hospital, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China 318050
| | - Xianjun Zhang
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang Province, China 318050
- Enze Hospital, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China 318050
| | - Feiping Li
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang Province, China 318050
- Enze Hospital, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China 318050
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Enze Hospital, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China 318050
- Obstetrical Department, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang Province, China 318050
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7
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Fan WM, Luo D, Zhang JZ, Wang D, Shen J. Vestigial suppresses apoptosis and cell migration in a manner dependent on the level of JNK-Caspase signaling in the Drosophila wing disc. INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:63-76. [PMID: 32037698 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Decapentaplegic (Dpp) and Wingless (Wg) signal pathways play important roles in numerous biological processes in Drosophila. The Drosophila vestigial (vg) gene is selectively required for wing imaginal disc cell proliferation, which is essential for the formation of the adult wing and halter structures, and is regulated by Dpp and Wg signaling. Using a Drosophila invasion model of wing epithelium, we showed herein that inhibition of Dpp or Wg signaling promoted cells to migrate across the cell lineage restrictive anterior/posterior (A/P) compartment boundary. Being downstream of both Dpp and Wg signaling, vg can block cell migration induced by loss of either pathway. In addition, suppression of vg is sufficient to induce cell migration across the A/P boundary. Transcriptomic analysis revealed potential downstream genes involved in the cell migration after suppressing vg in the wing disc. We further demonstrated that the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling promoted cell migration induced by vg suppression by upregulating Caspase activity. Taken together, our results revealed the requirement of Vg for suppressing cell migration and clarified how developmental signals collaborate to stabilize cells along the compartment boundary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Min Fan
- Department of Entomology and MOA Lab for Pest Monitoring and Green Control, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Entomology and MOA Lab for Pest Monitoring and Green Control, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Zheng Zhang
- Department of Entomology and MOA Lab for Pest Monitoring and Green Control, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Entomology and MOA Lab for Pest Monitoring and Green Control, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Entomology and MOA Lab for Pest Monitoring and Green Control, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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8
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Morine Y, Utsunomiya T, Saito Y, Yamada S, Imura S, Ikemoto T, Kitagawa A, Kobayashi Y, Takao S, Kosai K, Mimori K, Tanaka Y, Shimada M. Reduction of T-Box 15 gene expression in tumor tissue is a prognostic biomarker for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2020; 11:4803-4812. [PMID: 33447348 PMCID: PMC7779253 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide analysis is widely applied to detect molecular alterations during oncogenesis and tumor progression. We analyzed DNA methylation profiles of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and investigated the clinical role of most heypermethylated of tumor, encodes T-box 15 (TBX15), which was originally involved in mesodermal differentiation. We conducted a genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation of tumor and non-tumor tissue of 15 patients with HCC, and revealed TBX15 was the most hypermethylated gene of tumor (Beta-value in tumor tissue = 0.52 compared with non-tumor tissue). Another validation set, which comprised 58 HCC with radical resection, was analyzed to investigate the relationships between tumor phenotype and TBX15 mRNA expression. TBX15 mRNA levels in tumor tissues were significantly lower compared with those of nontumor tissues (p < 0.0001). When we assigned a cutoff value = 0.5-fold, the overall survival 5-year survival rates of the low-expression group (n = 17) were significantly shorter compared with those of the high-expression group (n = 41) (43.3% vs. 86.2%, p = 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified low TBX15 expression as an independent prognostic factor for overall and disease-free survival. Therefore, genome-wide DNA methylation profiling indicates that hypermethylation and reduced expression of TBX15 in tumor tissue represents a potential biomarker for predicting poor survival of patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Morine
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Tohru Utsunomiya
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yu Saito
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Yamada
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Satoru Imura
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ikemoto
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu 874-0838, Japan
| | - Yuta Kobayashi
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu 874-0838, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Takao
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu 874-0838, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kosai
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu 874-0838, Japan
| | - Koshi Mimori
- Department of Surgery, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu 874-0838, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Shimada
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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Lu J, Xu Y, Wang YH, Huang XY, Wu Y, Xie JW, Wang JB, Lin JX, Li P, Zheng CH, Huang AM, Huang CM. TBX2 Expression predicts Tumor Recurrence and Adjuvant Chemotherapy Benefits in Gastric Cancer Patients following R0 Resection: a proposed approach for risk stratification. J Cancer 2020; 11:3172-3179. [PMID: 32231721 PMCID: PMC7097955 DOI: 10.7150/jca.34929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: TBX2 is related to tumor progression and drug resistance. However, the roles of TBX2 in gastric cancer (GC) remain unclear. Our study aims at investigating the clinical roles of TBX2 in GC. Methods: The protein expression levels of TBX2 in fresh GC tissue (n=20) were investigated with Western blotting analyses. The correlation between TBX2 expression and its prognostic significance was evaluated by immunohistochemical analyses of 401 patients. The survival benefit of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (PAC) for patients was evaluated. Results: The expression of TBX2 was increased in GC tissue compared with adjacent paracancerous tissue (p=0.020). Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that TBX2 expression was significantly associated with lymphovascular invasion (p=0.024) and lymph node metastasis (p=0.044). A high level of TBX2 expression was an independent indicator of unfavorable recurrence-free and overall survival (p=0.002 and p=0.033, respectively). The prognostic model incorporating TBX2 expression exhibited greater predictive accuracy than the primary model. More importantly, the benefit of PAC noted in stage II/III GC patients with low TBX2 expression was superior to high TBX2 expression. Conclusion: TBX2 may be not only a useful prognostic marker for GC but also a predictive biomarker of response to PAC in stage II/III GC patients. The current findings warrant further verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Pathology, the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University.,Institute of Oncology of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yao-Hui Wang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Huang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuan Wu
- Department of Pathology, the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University.,Institute of Oncology of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian-Wei Xie
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jia-Bin Wang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian-Xian Lin
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chao-Hui Zheng
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ai-Min Huang
- Department of Pathology, the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University.,Institute of Oncology of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chang-Ming Huang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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10
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Kang S, Kim EH, Hwang JE, Shin JH, Jeong YS, Yim SY, Joo EW, Eun YG, Lee DJ, Sohn BH, Lee SH, Lim B, Lee JS. Prognostic significance of high metabolic activity in breast cancer: PET signature in breast cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 511:185-191. [PMID: 30777332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
High metabolic activity, reflected in increased glucose uptake, is one of the hallmarks of many cancers including breast cancer. However, not all cancers avidly take up glucose, suggesting heterogeneity in their metabolic demand. Thus, we aim to generate a genomic signature of glucose hypermetabolism in breast cancer and examine its clinical relevance. To identify genes significantly associated with glucose uptake, gene expression data were analyzed together with the standardized uptake values (SUVmax) of 18F-fluorodeoxy-glucose on positron emission tomography (PET) for 11 breast cancers. The resulting PET signature was evaluated for prognostic significance in four large independent patient cohorts (n = 5417). Potential upstream regulators accountable for the high glucose uptake were identified by gene network analysis. A PET signature of 242 genes was significantly correlated with SUVmax in breast cancer. In all four cohorts, high PET signature was significantly associated with poorer prognosis. The prognostic value of this PET signature was further supported by Cox regression analyses (hazard ratio 1.7, confidential interval 1.48-2.02; P < 0.001). The PET signature was also strongly correlated with previously established prognostic genomic signatures such as PAM50, Oncotype DX, and NKI. Gene network analyses suggested that MYC and TBX2 were the most significant upstream transcription factors in the breast cancers with high glucose uptake. A PET signature reflecting high glucose uptake is a novel independent prognostic factor in breast cancer. MYC and TBX2 are potential regulators of glucose uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghee Kang
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Hyun Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Severance Hospital, Brain Tumor Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Eul Hwang
- Department of Hematology-Oncolgy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Shin
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yun Seong Jeong
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sun Young Yim
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Wook Joo
- Department of Gynecology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Gyu Eun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jin Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Hwa Sohn
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sung Hwan Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bora Lim
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ju-Seog Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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11
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Li Z, Wang Y, Duan S, Shi Y, Li S, Zhang X, Ren J. Expression of TBX3 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Its Clinical Implication. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:9324-9333. [PMID: 30578408 PMCID: PMC6320639 DOI: 10.12659/msm.909378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common malignancy in China, and China’s annual number of new cases accounts for about 45% of the world total. This research was aimed to study the expression of TBX3 protein in HCC and exploring its clinical significance. Material/Methods We collected tumor tissues and adjacent non-tumoral tissues of 174 patients with HCC undergoing surgical resection. The expression of TBX3 protein in different tissues and cell lines in vitro (LO2, HHL-5, MHC97-L, MHC97-H) was detected by immunohistochemistry or Western blotting, and the relationship between TBX3 expression and clinical data of patients with HCC was analyzed. Results The expression of TBX3 protein in HCC was significantly correlated with histological grade, tumor size, cancer cell metastasis, hepatitis B surface antigen, and the expression of Ki-67 in tumor tissues (P<0.05), and it was positively correlated with serum AFP level (r=0.766, P<0.05). The expression of TBX3 increased with increased histological grade in HCC (P<0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that the expression of TBX3 protein in HCC was an independent risk factor for prognosis (OR=0.524, 95% CI=0.283–0.964). The 5-year survival rate of patients with HCC that highly expressed TBX3 protein was 20.83%, which was significantly lower than the 40.20% rate in patients with low expression (P<0.05). Conclusions The expression of TBX3 in HCC patients undergoing surgical resection is high, and its expression increases with the degree of tumor differentiation. It is related to the metastasis of tumor cells and is positively correlated with the serum level of AFP and may affect the survival time of HCC patients undergoing surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhian Li
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot, Huhhot, China (mainland)
| | - Yaxi Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot, Huhhot, China (mainland)
| | - Shasha Duan
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot, Huhhot, China (mainland)
| | - Yilu Shi
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot, Huhhot, China (mainland)
| | - Shuling Li
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot, Huhhot, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoshan Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot, Huhhot, China (mainland)
| | - Jianjun Ren
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic, and Splenic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot, Huhhot, China (mainland)
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12
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Aydoğdu N, Rudat C, Trowe MO, Kaiser M, Lüdtke TH, Taketo MM, Christoffels VM, Moon A, Kispert A. TBX2 and TBX3 act downstream of canonical WNT signaling in patterning and differentiation of the mouse ureteric mesenchyme. Development 2018; 145:145/23/dev171827. [PMID: 30478225 DOI: 10.1242/dev.171827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The organized array of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and fibroblasts in the walls of visceral tubular organs arises by patterning and differentiation of mesenchymal progenitors surrounding the epithelial lumen. Here, we show that the TBX2 and TBX3 transcription factors have novel and required roles in regulating these processes in the murine ureter. Co-expression of TBX2 and TBX3 in the inner mesenchymal region of the developing ureter requires canonical WNT signaling. Loss of TBX2/TBX3 in this region disrupts activity of two crucial drivers of the SMC program, Foxf1 and BMP4 signaling, resulting in decreased SMC differentiation and increased extracellular matrix. Transcriptional profiling and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that TBX2/TBX3 directly repress expression of the WNT antagonists Dkk2 and Shisa2, the BMP antagonist Bmper and the chemokine Cxcl12 These findings suggest that TBX2/TBX3 are effectors of canonical WNT signaling in the ureteric mesenchyme that promote SMC differentiation by maintaining BMP4 and WNT signaling in the inner region, while restricting CXCL12 signaling to the outer layer of fibroblast-fated mesenchyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurullah Aydoğdu
- Institut für Molekularbiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Carsten Rudat
- Institut für Molekularbiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark-Oliver Trowe
- Institut für Molekularbiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Marina Kaiser
- Institut für Molekularbiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Timo H Lüdtke
- Institut für Molekularbiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Makoto Mark Taketo
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Vincent M Christoffels
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Moon
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville PA 17822, USA.,Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Andreas Kispert
- Institut für Molekularbiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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13
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Dong L, Dong Q, Chen Y, Li Y, Zhang B, Zhou F, Lyu X, Chen GG, Lai P, Kung HF, He ML. Novel HDAC5-interacting motifs of Tbx3 are essential for the suppression of E-cadherin expression and for the promotion of metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2018; 3:22. [PMID: 30151243 PMCID: PMC6107554 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-018-0025-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tbx3, a transcriptional repressor, is essential in the organogenesis of vertebrates, stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, and the carcinogenesis of multiple tumor types. However, the mechanism by which Tbx3 participates in the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains largely unknown. In this study, we show that Tbx3 was dramatically upregulated in clinical HCC samples and that elevated expression of Tbx3 promoted cancer progression. To determine the underlying mechanism, systematic glycine scan mutagenesis and deletion assays were performed. We identified two critical motifs, 585LFSYPYT591 and 604HRH606, that contribute to the repression of transcriptional activity. These motifs are also essential for Tbx3 to promote cell migration and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo via the suppression of E-cadherin expression. More importantly, Tbx3 directly interacts with HDAC5 via these motifs, and an HDAC inhibitor blocks Tbx3-mediated cell migration and the downregulation of E-cadherin in HCC. As Tbx3 is involved in the carcinogenesis of multiple types of human cancers, our findings suggest an important target for anti-cancer drug development. A regulatory protein that represses gene activity interacts with an enzyme involved in chromosome remodeling to promote the migration and metastasis of liver cancer cells. Ming-Liang He from the City University of Hong Kong and colleagues found that levels of the T-box transcription factor Tbx3 were dramatically increased in tissue biopsies of liver tumors. They injected Tbx3-expressing human liver cancer cells into mice and saw a positive correlation between Tbx3 activity and cancer progression. By mutating and deleting parts of Tbx3, the researchers identified two particular stretches of the protein that bind histone deacetylase 5, an enzyme involved in ensuring DNA coils, are wound tight to suppress gene activity. This interaction is needed for Tbx3’s tumor-promoting function and may be targetable with drugs in order to prevent metastasis in patients with aggressive liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Dong
- 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qi Dong
- 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Chen
- 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yichen Li
- 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bao Zhang
- 2School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai Road, 510515 Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanghang Zhou
- 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoming Lyu
- 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - George G Chen
- 3Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul Lai
- 3Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hsiang-Fu Kung
- 4Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, Ministry of Education of China, and Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Ming-Liang He
- 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Biotechnology and Health Center, CityU Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
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14
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Ando J, Saito M, Imai JI, Ito E, Yanagisawa Y, Honma R, Saito K, Tachibana K, Momma T, Ohki S, Ohtake T, Watanabe S, Waguri S, Kono K, Takenoshita S. TBX19 is overexpressed in colorectal cancer and associated with lymph node metastasis. Fukushima J Med Sci 2017; 63:141-151. [PMID: 29199261 DOI: 10.5387/fms.2017-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The T-box 19 (TBX19) gene encodes a transcription factor characterized by a highly conserved DNA-binding motif (T-box). Recent studies have revealed that TBX19 has been identified as one of the genes activated by KRAS mutations, and is upregulated in colon adenoma. These results indicate that TBX19 may work as an oncogene in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the expression and role of TBX19 have yet to be investigated. Here, we investigated TBX19 mRNA and protein expressions in colon cancer cells or surgically resected CRC. We found that TBX19 mRNA expression was significantly increased in tumorous tissues compared to that in non-tumorous tissues, and increased TBX19 mRNA expression was associated with positive lymph node metastasis in our cohort. The expression of TBX19 mRNA was not correlated with that of TBX19 protein in tissue sample taken from the CRC patients. Moreover, TBX19 showed positive staining even in the normal colonic tissues and the adjacent non-tumorous tissues. These results suggest that the expression of TBX19 protein is not correlated with the expression of TBX19 mRNA. In addition, our results promote further investigations into the impact of TBX19 upregulation on colorectal carcinogenesis, as well as the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ando
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Motonobu Saito
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Jun-Ichi Imai
- Medical-Industrial Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Emi Ito
- Medical-Industrial Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University
| | | | | | - Katsuharu Saito
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | | | - Tomoyuki Momma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Shinji Ohki
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Tohru Ohtake
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Shinya Watanabe
- Medical-Industrial Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Satoshi Waguri
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Koji Kono
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Seiichi Takenoshita
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
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15
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Willmer T, Cooper A, Peres J, Omar R, Prince S. The T-Box transcription factor 3 in development and cancer. Biosci Trends 2017; 11:254-266. [DOI: 10.5582/bst.2017.01043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tarryn Willmer
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Anzio Road, University of Cape Town
| | - Aretha Cooper
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Anzio Road, University of Cape Town
| | - Jade Peres
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Anzio Road, University of Cape Town
| | - Rehana Omar
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Anzio Road, University of Cape Town
| | - Sharon Prince
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Anzio Road, University of Cape Town
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16
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Chang F, Xing P, Song F, Du X, Wang G, Chen K, Yang J. The role of T-box genes in the tumorigenesis and progression of cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:4305-4311. [PMID: 28105146 PMCID: PMC5228544 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The T-box (TBX) genes are part of an evolutionarily conserved family of transcription factors involved in organ development. They serve key roles in a number of molecular mechanisms, including proliferation, cell fate and organ identity. In addition, previous studies suggest that TBX genes have essential functions in the tumorigenesis and progression of various types of cancer. For example, TBX proteins served significant roles in carcinogenesis, proliferation and differentiation, senescence and apoptosis, invasion and migration, mesenchymal-epithelial and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, oncogenic signaling pathways and drug sensitivity. However, the exact mechanisms by which TBX genes carry out these functions have not yet been fully elucidated. The present review focuses on the role of TBX genes in cancer, with the aim of further clarifying their function. As altered levels of TBX proteins have detrimental consequences in numerous types of cancer, there is a need for further research into TBX genes, which this review may aid through providing a comprehensive insight into the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Chang
- Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Department, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Peipei Xing
- Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Department, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Fengju Song
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China; Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Du
- Department of Diagnostics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300061, P.R. China
| | - Guowen Wang
- Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Department, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Kexin Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China; Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Jilong Yang
- Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Department, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
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17
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Tian J, Li Z, Han Y, Jiang T, Song X, Jiang G. The progress of early growth response factor 1 and leukemia. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2016; 5:76-82. [PMID: 27195189 PMCID: PMC4869586 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2015.01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Early growth response gene-1 (EGR1) widely exists in the cell nucleus of such as, zebrafish, mice, chimpanzees and humans, an it also can be observed in the cytoplasm of some tumors. EGR1 was named just after its brief and rapid expression of different stimuli. Accumulating studies have extensively demonstrated that the widespread dysregulation of EGR1 is involved in hematological malignancies such as human acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, multiple myeloma, and B cell lymphoma. With the deep research on EGR1, its expression, function and regulatory mechanism has been gradually elucidated, and provides more possibilities for treatment strategies of patients with leukemia. Herein, we summarize the roles of EGR1 in its biological function and relationship with leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tian
- Key Laboratory for Modern Medicine and Technology of Shandong Province, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Ji'nan University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- Key Laboratory for Modern Medicine and Technology of Shandong Province, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Ji'nan University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Han
- Key Laboratory for Modern Medicine and Technology of Shandong Province, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Ji'nan University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Graduate School of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoming Song
- Graduate School of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Guosheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Modern Medicine and Technology of Shandong Province, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Ji'nan University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Guosheng Jiang, Key Laboratory for rare & uncommon diseases of Shandong Province, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, NO.18877 of Jingshi Road, Ji'nan, Shandong, China. E-mail:
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18
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Emechebe U, Kumar P P, Rozenberg JM, Moore B, Firment A, Mirshahi T, Moon AM. T-box3 is a ciliary protein and regulates stability of the Gli3 transcription factor to control digit number. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27046536 PMCID: PMC4829432 DOI: 10.7554/elife.07897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Crucial roles for T-box3 in development are evident by severe limb malformations and other birth defects caused by T-box3 mutations in humans. Mechanisms whereby T-box3 regulates limb development are poorly understood. We discovered requirements for T-box at multiple stages of mouse limb development and distinct molecular functions in different tissue compartments. Early loss of T-box3 disrupts limb initiation, causing limb defects that phenocopy Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) mutants. Later ablation of T-box3 in posterior limb mesenchyme causes digit loss. In contrast, loss of anterior T-box3 results in preaxial polydactyly, as seen with dysfunction of primary cilia or Gli3-repressor. Remarkably, T-box3 is present in primary cilia where it colocalizes with Gli3. T-box3 interacts with Kif7 and is required for normal stoichiometry and function of a Kif7/Sufu complex that regulates Gli3 stability and processing. Thus, T-box3 controls digit number upstream of Shh-dependent (posterior mesenchyme) and Shh-independent, cilium-based (anterior mesenchyme) Hedgehog pathway function. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07897.001 Mutations in the gene that encodes a protein called T-box3 cause serious birth defects, including deformities of the hands and feet, via poorly understood mechanisms. Several other proteins are also important for ensuring that limbs develop correctly. These include the Sonic Hedgehog protein, which controls a signaling pathway that determines whether a protein called Gli3 is converted into its “repressor” form. The hair-like structures called primary cilia that sit on the surface of animal cells also contain Gli3, and processes within these structures control the production of the Gli3-repressor. Emechebe, Kumar et al. have now studied genetically engineered mice in which the production of the T-box3 protein was stopped at different stages of mouse development. This revealed that turning off T-box3 production early in development causes many parts of the limb not to form. This type of defect appears to be the same as that seen in mice that lack the Sonic Hedgehog protein. If the production of T-box3 is turned off later in mouse development in the rear portion of the developing limb, the limb starts to develop but doesn’t develop enough rear toes. When T-box3 production is turned off in the front portion of the developing limbs, mice are born with too many front toes. This latter problem mimics the effects seen in mice that are unable to produce Gli3-repressor or that have defective primary cilia. Further investigation unexpectedly revealed that T-box3 is found in primary cilia and localizes to the same regions of the cilia as the Gli3-repressor. Furthermore, T-box3 also interacts with a protein complex that controls the stability of Gli3 and processes it into the Gli3-repressor form. In the future, it will be important to determine how T-box3 controls the stability of Gli3 and whether that process occurs in the primary cilia or in other parts of the cell where T-box3 and Gli3 coexist, such as the nucleus. This could help us understand how T-box3 and Sonic Hedgehog signaling contribute to other aspects of development and to certain types of cancer. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07897.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchenna Emechebe
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Pavan Kumar P
- Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, United States
| | | | - Bryn Moore
- Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, United States
| | - Ashley Firment
- Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, United States
| | - Tooraj Mirshahi
- Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, United States
| | - Anne M Moon
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States.,Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, United States.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
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19
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Fischer K, Pflugfelder GO. Putative Breast Cancer Driver Mutations in TBX3 Cause Impaired Transcriptional Repression. Front Oncol 2015; 5:244. [PMID: 26579496 PMCID: PMC4625211 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The closely related T-box transcription factors TBX2 and TBX3 are frequently overexpressed in melanoma and various types of human cancers, in particular, breast cancer. The overexpression of TBX2 and TBX3 can have several cellular effects, among them suppression of senescence, promotion of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and invasive cell motility. In contrast, loss of function of TBX3 and most other human T-box genes causes developmental haploinsufficiency syndromes. Stephens and colleagues (1), by exome sequencing of breast tumor samples, identified five different mutations in TBX3, all affecting the DNA-binding T-domain. One in-frame deletion of a single amino acid, p.N212delN, was observed twice. Due to the clustering of these mutations to the T-domain and for statistical reasons, TBX3 was inferred to be a driver gene in breast cancer. Since mutations in the T-domain generally cause loss of function and because the tumorigenic action of TBX3 has generally been attributed to overexpression, we determined whether the putative driver mutations had loss- or gain-of-function properties. We tested two in-frame deletions, one missense, and one frameshift mutant protein for DNA-binding in vitro, and for target gene repression in cell culture. In addition, we performed an in silico analysis of somatic TBX mutations in breast cancer, collected in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Both the experimental and the in silico analysis indicate that the observed mutations predominantly cause loss of TBX3 function.
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20
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Shen J, Lu J, Sui L, Wang D, Yin M, Hoffmann I, Legler A, Pflugfelder GO. The orthologous Tbx transcription factors Omb and TBX2 induce epithelial cell migration and extrusion in vivo without involvement of matrix metalloproteinases. Oncotarget 2015; 5:11998-2015. [PMID: 25344916 PMCID: PMC4322970 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factors TBX2 and TBX3 are overexpressed in various human cancers. Here, we investigated the effect of overexpressing the orthologous Tbx genes Drosophila optomotor-blind (omb) and human TBX2 in the epithelium of the Drosophila wing imaginal disc and observed two types of cell motility. Omb/TBX2 overexpressing cells could move within the plane of the epithelium. Invasive cells migrated long-distance as single cells retaining or regaining normal cell shape and apico-basal polarity in spite of attenuated apical DE-cadherin concentration. Inappropriate levels of DE-cadherin were sufficient to drive cell migration in the wing disc epithelium. Omb/TBX2 overexpression and reduced DE-cadherin-dependent adhesion caused the formation of actin-rich lateral cell protrusions. Omb/TBX2 overexpressing cells could also delaminate basally, penetratingthe basal lamina, however, without degradation of extracellular matrix. Expression of Timp, an inhibitor of matrix metalloproteases, blocked neither intraepithelial motility nor basal extrusion. Our results reveal an MMP-independent mechanism of cell invasion and suggest a conserved role of Tbx2-related proteins in cell invasion and metastasis-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shen
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Lu
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Liyuan Sui
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Meizhen Yin
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Inka Hoffmann
- Institute of Genetics, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anne Legler
- Institute of Genetics, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
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21
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Kunasegaran K, Ho V, Chang TH.T, De Silva D, Bakker ML, Christoffels VM, Pietersen AM. Transcriptional repressor Tbx3 is required for the hormone-sensing cell lineage in mammary epithelium. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110191. [PMID: 25343378 PMCID: PMC4208772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional repressor Tbx3 is involved in lineage specification in several tissues during embryonic development. Germ-line mutations in the Tbx3 gene give rise to Ulnar-Mammary Syndrome (comprising reduced breast development) and Tbx3 is required for mammary epithelial cell identity in the embryo. Notably Tbx3 has been implicated in breast cancer, which develops in adult mammary epithelium, but the role of Tbx3 in distinct cell types of the adult mammary gland has not yet been characterized. Using a fluorescent reporter knock-in mouse, we show that in adult virgin mice Tbx3 is highly expressed in luminal cells that express hormone receptors, and not in luminal cells of the alveolar lineage (cells primed for milk production). Flow cytometry identified Tbx3 expression already in progenitor cells of the hormone-sensing lineage and co-immunofluorescence confirmed a strict correlation between estrogen receptor (ER) and Tbx3 expression in situ. Using in vivo reconstitution assays we demonstrate that Tbx3 is functionally relevant for this lineage because knockdown of Tbx3 in primary mammary epithelial cells prevented the formation of ER+ cells, but not luminal ER- or basal cells. Interestingly, genes that are repressed by Tbx3 in other cell types, such as E-cadherin, are not repressed in hormone-sensing cells, highlighting that transcriptional targets of Tbx3 are cell type specific. In summary, we provide the first analysis of Tbx3 expression in the adult mammary gland at a single cell level and show that Tbx3 is important for the generation of hormone-sensing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamini Kunasegaran
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Program in Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Victor Ho
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Program in Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ted H-. T. Chang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Program in Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Duvini De Silva
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Program in Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Martijn L. Bakker
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Alexandra M. Pietersen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Program in Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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22
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Zhu B, Zhang M, Byrum SD, Tackett AJ, Davie JK. TBX2 blocks myogenesis and promotes proliferation in rhabdomyosarcoma cells. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:785-97. [PMID: 24470334 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcomas (RMSs) are the most frequent soft tissue sarcomas in children that share many features of developing skeletal muscle. We have discovered that a T-box family member, TBX2, is highly upregulated in tumor cells of both major RMS subtypes. TBX2 is a repressor that is often overexpressed in cancer cells and is thought to function in bypassing cell growth control, including repression of p14 and p21. The cell cycle regulator p21 is required for the terminal differentiation of skeletal muscle cells and is silenced in RMS cells. We have found that TBX2 interacts with the myogenic regulatory factors MyoD and myogenin and inhibits the activity of these factors. TBX2 is expressed in primary myoblasts and C2C12 cells, but is strongly downregulated upon differentiation. TBX2 recruits the histone deacetylase HDAC1 and is a potent inhibitor of the expression of muscle-specific genes and the cell cycle regulators, p21 and p14. TBX2 promotes the proliferation of RMS cells and either depletions of TBX2 or dominant negative TBX2 upregulate p21- and muscle-specific genes. Significantly, depletion or interference with TBX2 completely inhibits tumor growth in a xenograft assay, highlighting the oncogenic role of TBX2 in RMS cells. Thus, the data demonstrate that elevated expression of TBX2 contributes to the pathology of RMS cells by promoting proliferation and repressing differentiation-specific gene expression. These results show that deregulated TBX2 serves as an oncogene in RMS, suggesting that TBX2 may serve as a new diagnostic marker or therapeutic target for RMS tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL
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23
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Roles for Tbx3 in regulation of two-cell state and telomere elongation in mouse ES cells. Sci Rep 2013; 3:3492. [PMID: 24336466 PMCID: PMC3861804 DOI: 10.1038/srep03492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell cultures exhibit heterogeneity and recently are discovered to sporadically enter the 2-cell (2C)-embryo state, critical for ES potency. Zscan4 could mark the sporadic 2C-state of ES cells. However, factors that regulate the Zscan4+/2C state remain to be elucidated. We show that Tbx3 plays a novel role in regulation of Zscan4+/2C state. Tbx3 activates 2-cell genes including Zscan4 and Tcstv1/3, but not vise versa. Ectopic expression of Tbx3 results in telomere elongation, consistent with a role for Zscan4 in telomere lengthening. Mechanistically, Tbx3 decreases Dnmt3b and increases Tet2 protein levels, and reduces binding of Dnmt3b to subtelomeres, resulting in reduced DNA methylation and derepression of genes at subtelomeres, e.g. Zscan4. These data suggest that Tbx3 can activate Zscan4+/2C state by negative regulation of DNA methylation at repeated sequences, linking to telomere maintenance and self-renewal of ES cells.
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24
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A novel role for the anti-senescence factor TBX2 in DNA repair and cisplatin resistance. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e846. [PMID: 24113180 PMCID: PMC3824674 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of drug resistant tumours that are able to escape cell death pose a major problem in the treatment of cancers. Tumours develop resistance to DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic agents by acquiring the ability to repair their DNA. Combination therapies that induce DNA damage and disrupt the DNA damage repair process may therefore prove to be more effective against such tumours. The developmentally important transcription factor TBX2 has been suggested as a novel anticancer drug target, as it is overexpressed in several cancers and possesses strong anti-senescence and pro-proliferative functions. Importantly, we recently showed that when TBX2 is silenced, we are able to reverse several features of transformation in both breast cancer and melanoma cells. Overexpression of TBX2 has also been linked to drug resistance and we have shown that its ectopic expression results in genetically unstable polyploidy cells with resistance to cisplatin. Whether the overexpression of endogenous TBX2 levels is associated with cisplatin resistance in TBX2-driven cancers has, however, not been shown. To address this we have silenced TBX2 in a cisplatin-resistant breast cancer cell line and we show that knocking down TBX2 sensitises the cells to cisplatin by disrupting the ATM-CHK2-p53 signalling pathway. Cell cycle analyses demonstrate that when TBX2 is knocked down there is an abrogation of an S-phase arrest but a robust G2/M arrest that correlates with a reduction in phosphorylated CHK2 and p53 levels. This prevents DNA repair resulting in TBX2-deficient cells entering mitosis with damaged DNA and consequently undergoing mitotic catastrophe. These results suggest that targeting TBX2 in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs such as cisplatin could improve the efficacy of current anticancer treatments.
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25
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Takashima Y, Suzuki A. Regulation of organogenesis and stem cell properties by T-box transcription factors. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:3929-45. [PMID: 23479132 PMCID: PMC11113830 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1305-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
T-box transcription factors containing the common DNA-binding domain T-box contribute to the organization of multiple tissues in vertebrates and invertebrates. In mammals, 17 T-box genes are divided into five subfamilies depending on their amino acid homology. The proper distribution and expression of individual T-box transcription factors in different tissues enable regulation of the proliferation and differentiation of tissue-specific stem cells and progenitor cells in a suitable time schedule for tissue organization. Consequently, uncontrollable expressions of T-box genes induce abnormal tissue organization, and eventually cause various diseases with malformation and malfunction of tissues and organs. Furthermore, some T-box transcription factors are essential for maintaining embryonic stem cell pluripotency, improving the quality of induced pluripotent stem cells, and inducing cell-lineage conversion of differentiated cells. These lines of evidence indicate fundamental roles of T-box transcription factors in tissue organization and stem cell properties, and suggest that these transcription factors will be useful for developing therapeutic approaches in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Takashima
- Division of Organogenesis and Regeneration, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Division of Organogenesis and Regeneration, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012 Japan
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26
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Milton AC, Packard AV, Clary L, Okkema PG. The NF-Y complex negatively regulates Caenorhabditis elegans tbx-2 expression. Dev Biol 2013; 382:38-47. [PMID: 23933492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
T-box genes are frequently expressed in dynamic patterns during animal development, but the mechanisms controlling expression of these genes are not well understood. The Caenorhabditis elegans T-box gene tbx-2 is essential for development of the ABa-derived pharyngeal muscles, specification of neural cell fate in the HSN/PHB lineage, and adaptation in olfactory neurons. The tbx-2 expression pattern is complex, and expression has been described in pharyngeal precursors and body wall muscles during embryogenesis, and amphid sensory neurons and pharyngeal neurons in adults. To examine mechanisms regulating tbx-2 gene expression, we performed an RNAi screen of transcription factor genes in strains containing a Ptbx-2::gfp reporter and identified the Nuclear Factor Y (NF-Y) complex as a negative regulator of tbx-2 expression. NF-Y is a heterotrimeric CCAAT-binding complex consisting of A-C subunits, and reduction of the NF-Y subunits nfya-1, nfyb-1, or nfyc-1 by RNAi or using mutants results in ectopic Ptbx-2::gfp expression in hypodermal seam cells and gut. Mutation of two CCAAT-boxes in the tbx-2 promoter results in a similar pattern of ectopic Ptbx-2::gfp expression, suggesting NF-Y directly represses the tbx-2 promoter. tbx-2 mRNA is moderately increased in nfya-1 null mutants, indicating NF-Y represses expression of endogenous tbx-2. Finally we identify and characterize a second-site mutation that enhances lethality of a temperature sensitive tbx-2 mutant and show that this mutation is a deletion in the nfyb-1 gene. Together, these results identify NF-Y as an important regulator of tbx-2 function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angenee C Milton
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900S. Ashland Avenue (MC567), Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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27
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José-Edwards DS, Oda-Ishii I, Nibu Y, Di Gregorio A. Tbx2/3 is an essential mediator within the Brachyury gene network during Ciona notochord development. Development 2013; 140:2422-33. [PMID: 23674602 DOI: 10.1242/dev.094227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
T-box genes are potent regulators of mesoderm development in many metazoans. In chordate embryos, the T-box transcription factor Brachyury (Bra) is required for specification and differentiation of the notochord. In some chordates, including the ascidian Ciona, members of the Tbx2 subfamily of T-box genes are also expressed in this tissue; however, their regulatory relationships with Bra and their contributions to the development of the notochord remain uncharacterized. We determined that the notochord expression of Ciona Tbx2/3 (Ci-Tbx2/3) requires Ci-Bra, and identified a Ci-Tbx2/3 notochord CRM that necessitates multiple Ci-Bra binding sites for its activity. Expression of mutant forms of Ci-Tbx2/3 in the developing notochord revealed a role for this transcription factor primarily in convergent extension. Through microarray screens, we uncovered numerous Ci-Tbx2/3 targets, some of which overlap with known Ci-Bra-downstream notochord genes. Among the Ci-Tbx2/3 notochord targets are evolutionarily conserved genes, including caspases, lineage-specific genes, such as Noto4, and newly identified genes, such as MLKL. This work sheds light on a large section of the notochord regulatory circuitry controlled by T-box factors, and reveals new components of the complement of genes required for the proper formation of this structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana S José-Edwards
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, Box 60, New York, NY 10065, USA
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28
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Trowe MO, Zhao L, Weiss AC, Christoffels V, Epstein DJ, Kispert A. Inhibition of Sox2-dependent activation of Shh in the ventral diencephalon by Tbx3 is required for formation of the neurohypophysis. Development 2013; 140:2299-309. [PMID: 23674600 DOI: 10.1242/dev.094524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tbx2 and Tbx3 are two highly related members of the T-box transcription factor gene family that regulate patterning and differentiation of a number of tissue rudiments in the mouse. Both genes are partially co-expressed in the ventral diencephalon and the infundibulum; however, a functional requirement in murine pituitary development has not been reported. Here, we show by genetic lineage tracing that Tbx2(+) cells constitute the precursor population of the neurohypophysis. However, Tbx2 is dispensable for neurohypophysis development as revealed by normal formation of this organ in Tbx2-deficient mice. By contrast, loss of Tbx3 from the ventral diencephalon results in a failure to establish the Tbx2(+) domain in this region, and a lack of evagination of the infundibulum and formation of the neurohypophysis. Rathke's pouch is severely hypoplastic, exhibits defects in dorsoventral patterning, and degenerates after E12.5. In Tbx3-deficient embryos, the ventral diencephalon is hyperproliferative and displays an abnormal cellular architecture, probably resulting from a failure to repress transcription of Shh. We further show that Tbx3 and Tbx2 repress Shh by sequestering the SRY box-containing transcription factor Sox2 away from a Shh forebrain enhancer (SBE2), thus preventing its activation. These data suggest that Tbx3 is required in the ventral diencephalon to establish a Shh(-) domain to allow formation of the infundibulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark-Oliver Trowe
- Institut für Molekularbiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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29
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Frank DU, Emechebe U, Thomas KR, Moon AM. Mouse TBX3 mutants suggest novel molecular mechanisms for Ulnar-mammary syndrome. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67841. [PMID: 23844108 PMCID: PMC3699485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor TBX3 plays critical roles in development and TBX3 mutations in humans cause Ulnar-mammary syndrome. Efforts to understand how altered TBX3 dosage and function disrupt the development of numerous structures have been hampered by embryonic lethality of mice bearing presumed null alleles. We generated a novel conditional null allele of Tbx3: after Cre-mediated recombination, no mRNA or protein is detectable. In contrast, a putative null allele in which exons 1-3 are deleted produces a truncated protein that is abnormally located in the cytoplasm. Heterozygotes and homozygotes for this allele have different phenotypes than their counterparts bearing a true null allele. Our observations with these alleles in mice, and the different types of TBX3 mutations observed in human ulnar-mammary syndrome, suggest that not all mutations observed in humans generate functionally null alleles. The possibility that mechanisms in addition to TBX3 haploinsufficiency may cause UMS or other malformations merits investigation in the human UMS population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah U. Frank
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Uchenna Emechebe
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Kirk R. Thomas
- Weis Center for Research, Danville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Anne M. Moon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- Weis Center for Research, Danville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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30
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Armas P, Margarit E, Mouguelar VS, Allende ML, Calcaterra NB. Beyond the binding site: in vivo identification of tbx2, smarca5 and wnt5b as molecular targets of CNBP during embryonic development. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63234. [PMID: 23667590 PMCID: PMC3646763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
CNBP is a nucleic acid chaperone implicated in vertebrate craniofacial development, as well as in myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2) and sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) human muscle diseases. CNBP is highly conserved among vertebrates and has been implicated in transcriptional regulation; however, its DNA binding sites and molecular targets remain elusive. The main goal of this work was to identify CNBP DNA binding sites that might reveal target genes involved in vertebrate embryonic development. To accomplish this, we used a recently described yeast one-hybrid assay to identify DNA sequences bound in vivo by CNBP. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that these sequences are G-enriched and show high frequency of putative G-quadruplex DNA secondary structure. Moreover, an in silico approach enabled us to establish the CNBP DNA-binding site and to predict CNBP putative targets based on gene ontology terms and synexpression with CNBP. The direct interaction between CNBP and candidate genes was proved by EMSA and ChIP assays. Besides, the role of CNBP upon the identified genes was validated in loss-of-function experiments in developing zebrafish. We successfully confirmed that CNBP up-regulates tbx2b and smarca5, and down-regulates wnt5b gene expression. The highly stringent strategy used in this work allowed us to identify new CNBP target genes functionally important in different contexts of vertebrate embryonic development. Furthermore, it represents a novel approach toward understanding the biological function and regulatory networks involving CNBP in the biology of vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Armas
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Ocampo y Esmeralda, (S2000FHQ) Rosario, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Margarit
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Ocampo y Esmeralda, (S2000FHQ) Rosario, Argentina
| | - Valeria S. Mouguelar
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Ocampo y Esmeralda, (S2000FHQ) Rosario, Argentina
| | - Miguel L. Allende
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nora B. Calcaterra
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Ocampo y Esmeralda, (S2000FHQ) Rosario, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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31
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Delineation of the key aspects in the regulation of epithelial monolayer formation. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 33:2535-50. [PMID: 23608536 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01435-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation, maintenance, and repair of epithelial barriers are of critical importance for whole-body homeostasis. However, the molecular events involved in epithelial tissue maturation are not fully established. To this end, we investigated the molecular processes involved in renal epithelial proximal-tubule monolayer maturation utilizing transcriptomic, metabolomic, and functional parameters. We uncovered profound dynamic alterations in transcriptional regulation, energy metabolism, and nutrient utilization over the maturation process. Proliferating cells exhibited high glycolytic rates and high transcript levels for fatty acid synthesis genes (FASN), whereas matured cells had low glycolytic rates, increased oxidative capacity, and preferentially expressed genes for beta oxidation. There were dynamic alterations in the expression and localization of several adherens (CDH1, -4, and -16) and tight junction (TJP3 and CLDN2 and -10) proteins. Genes involved in differentiated proximal-tubule function, cilium biogenesis (BBS1), and transport (ATP1A1 and ATP1B1) exhibited increased expression during epithelial maturation. Using TransAM transcription factor activity assays, we could demonstrate that p53 and FOXO1 were highly active in matured cells, whereas HIF1A and c-MYC were highly active in proliferating cells. The data presented here will be invaluable in the further delineation of the complex dynamic cellular processes involved in epithelial cell regulation.
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32
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Function of the C. elegans T-box factor TBX-2 depends on SUMOylation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:4157-68. [PMID: 23595631 PMCID: PMC3802552 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1336-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
T-box transcription factors are critical developmental regulators in all multi-cellular organisms, and altered T-box factor activity is associated with a variety of human congenital diseases and cancers. Despite the biological significance of T-box factors, their mechanism of action is not well understood. Here we examine whether SUMOylation affects the function of the C. elegans Tbx2 sub-family T-box factor TBX-2. We have previously shown that TBX-2 interacts with the E2 SUMO-conjugating enzyme UBC-9, and that loss of TBX-2 or UBC-9 produces identical defects in ABa-derived pharyngeal muscle development. We now show that TBX-2 is SUMOylated in mammalian cell assays, and that both UBC-9 interaction and SUMOylation depends on two SUMO consensus sites located in the T-box DNA binding domain and near the TBX-2 C-terminus, respectively. In co-transfection assays, a TBX-2:GAL4 fusion protein represses expression of a 5xGal4:tk:luciferase construct. However, this activity does not require SUMOylation, indicating SUMO is not generally required for TBX-2 repressor activity. In C. elegans, reducing SUMOylation enhances the phenotype of a temperature-sensitive tbx-2 mutant and results in ectopic expression of a gene normally repressed by TBX-2, demonstrating that SUMOylation is important for TBX-2 function in vivo. Finally, we show mammalian orthologs of TBX-2, Tbx2, and Tbx3, can also be SUMOylated, suggesting SUMOylation may be a conserved mechanism controlling T-box factor activity.
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33
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Zhang R, Zhao Y, Chu M, Mehta A, Wei Y, Liu Y, Xun P, Bai J, Yu H, Su L, Zhang H, Hu Z, Shen H, Chen F, Christiani DC. A large scale gene-centric association study of lung function in newly-hired female cotton textile workers with endotoxin exposure. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59035. [PMID: 23527081 PMCID: PMC3602449 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Occupational exposure to endotoxin is associated with decrements in pulmonary function, but how much variation in this association is explained by genetic variants is not well understood. Objective We aimed to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with the rate of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) decline by a large scale genetic association study in newly-hired healthy young female cotton textile workers. Methods DNA samples were genotyped using the Illumina Human CVD BeadChip. Change rate in FEV1 was modeled as a function of each SNP genotype in linear regression model with covariate adjustment. We controlled the type 1 error in study-wide level by permutation method. The false discovery rate (FDR) and the family-wise error rate (FWER) were set to be 0.10 and 0.15 respectively. Results Two SNPs were found to be significant (P<6.29×10−5), including rs1910047 (P = 3.07×10−5, FDR = 0.0778) and rs9469089 (P = 6.19×10−5, FDR = 0.0967), as well as other eight suggestive (P<5×10−4) associated SNPs. Gene-gene and gene-environment interactions were also observed, such as rs1910047 and rs1049970 (P = 0.0418, FDR = 0.0895); rs9469089 and age (P = 0.0161, FDR = 0.0264). Genetic risk score analysis showed that the more risk loci the subjects carried, the larger the rate of FEV1 decline occurred (Ptrend = 3.01×10−18). However, the association was different among age subgroups (P = 7.11×10−6) and endotoxin subgroups (P = 1.08×10−2). Functional network analysis illustrates potential biological connections of all interacted genes. Conclusions Genetic variants together with environmental factors interact to affect the rate of FEV1 decline in cotton textile workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab for Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Section of Clinical Epidemiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab for Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Minjie Chu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab for Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Section of Clinical Epidemiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Amar Mehta
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yongyue Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab for Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab for Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Section of Clinical Epidemiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengcheng Xun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Jianling Bai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab for Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab for Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Su
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hongxi Zhang
- Putuo District Peoples Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab for Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Section of Clinical Epidemiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab for Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Section of Clinical Epidemiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab for Modern Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (FC); (DCC)
| | - David C. Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (FC); (DCC)
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The transcription factors TBX2 and TBX3 interact with human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) L2 and repress the long control region of HPVs. J Virol 2013; 87:4461-74. [PMID: 23388722 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01803-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The minor capsid protein L2 of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) has multiple functions during the viral life cycle. Although L2 is required for effective invasion and morphogenesis, only a few cellular interaction partners are known so far. Using yeast two-hybrid screening, we identified the transcription factor TBX2 as a novel interaction partner of HPV type 16 (HPV16) L2. Coimmunoprecipitations and immunofluorescence analyses confirmed the L2-TBX2 interaction and revealed that L2 also interacts with TBX3, another member of the T-box family. Transcription of the early genes during HPV infection is under the control of an upstream enhancer and early promoter region, the long control region (LCR). In promoter-reporter gene assays, we observed that TBX2 and TBX3 repress transcription from the LCR and that this effect is enhanced by L2. Repression of the HPV LCR by TBX2/3 seems to be a conserved mechanism, as it was also observed with the LCRs of different HPV types. Finally, interaction of TBX2 with the LCR was detected by chromatin immunoprecipitation, and we found a strong colocalization of L2 and TBX2 in HPV16-positive cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) I-II tissue sections. These results suggest that TBX2/3 might play a role in the regulation of HPV gene expression during the viral life cycle.
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Lüdtke THW, Farin HF, Rudat C, Schuster-Gossler K, Petry M, Barnett P, Christoffels VM, Kispert A. Tbx2 controls lung growth by direct repression of the cell cycle inhibitor genes Cdkn1a and Cdkn1b. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003189. [PMID: 23341776 PMCID: PMC3547831 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate organ development relies on the precise spatiotemporal orchestration of proliferation rates and differentiation patterns in adjacent tissue compartments. The underlying integration of patterning and cell cycle control during organogenesis is insufficiently understood. Here, we have investigated the function of the patterning T-box transcription factor gene Tbx2 in lung development. We show that lungs of Tbx2-deficient mice are markedly hypoplastic and exhibit reduced branching morphogenesis. Mesenchymal proliferation was severely decreased, while mesenchymal differentiation into fibrocytes was prematurely induced. In the epithelial compartment, proliferation was reduced and differentiation of alveolar epithelial cells type 1 was compromised. Prior to the observed cellular changes, canonical Wnt signaling was downregulated, and Cdkn1a (p21) and Cdkn1b (p27) (two members of the Cip/Kip family of cell cycle inhibitors) were strongly induced in the Tbx2-deficient lung mesenchyme. Deletion of both Cdkn1a and Cdkn1b rescued, to a large degree, the growth deficits of Tbx2-deficient lungs. Prolongation of Tbx2 expression into adulthood led to hyperproliferation and maintenance of mesenchymal progenitor cells, with branching morphogenesis remaining unaffected. Expression of Cdkn1a and Cdkn1b was ablated from the lung mesenchyme in this gain-of-function setting. We further show by ChIP experiments that Tbx2 directly binds to Cdkn1a and Cdkn1b loci in vivo, defining these two genes as direct targets of Tbx2 repressive activity in the lung mesenchyme. We conclude that Tbx2-mediated regulation of Cdkn1a and Cdkn1b represents a crucial node in the network integrating patterning information and cell cycle regulation that underlies growth, differentiation, and branching morphogenesis of this organ. During organ formation, proliferation rates and differentiation patterns vary widely between different stages and tissue compartments. It is poorly understood how cell cycle progression is locally controlled and integrated with patterning processes in these developmental programs. Here, we used the mouse lung as a model to study how growth and differentiation are controlled on a transcriptional level. Combining genetic loss- and gain-of-function approaches, we show that the T-box transcription factor gene Tbx2 is required and sufficient to direct appropriate lung growth by maintaining proliferation and inhibiting differentiation in the mesenchymal compartment of the lung. We found that expression of the cell cycle inhibitor genes Cdkn1a (p21) and Cdkn1b (p27) inversely correlates with expression of Tbx2 and that deletion of both genes rescues, to a large degree, the growth deficits of Tbx2-mutant lungs. We further show by biochemical assays that Tbx2 directly binds to Cdkn1a and Cdkn1b loci in vivo, defining these two genes as direct targets of Tbx2 repressive activity in the lung mesenchyme. We conclude that Tbx2-mediated regulation of Cdkn1a and Cdkn1b represents a crucial module for the tissue-specific control of cell cycle progression that underlies growth, differentiation, and branching morphogenesis of this organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo H-W. Lüdtke
- Institute for Molecular Biology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Henner F. Farin
- Institute for Molecular Biology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Carsten Rudat
- Institute for Molecular Biology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Marianne Petry
- Institute for Molecular Biology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Phil Barnett
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology, Heart Failure Research Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent M. Christoffels
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology, Heart Failure Research Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Kispert
- Institute for Molecular Biology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Zhu Z, Li K, Xu D, Liu Y, Tang H, Xie Q, Xie L, Liu J, Wang H, Gong Y, Hu Z, Zheng J. ZFX regulates glioma cell proliferation and survival in vitro and in vivo. J Neurooncol 2013; 112:17-25. [PMID: 23322077 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-012-1032-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The zinc finger transcription factor ZFX functions as an important regulator of self-renewal in multiple stem cell types, as well as a sex determinant of mammals. Moreover, ZFX expression is abnormally elevated in several cancers, and correlates with malignancy grade. To investigate its role in the pathogenesis of gliomas, we used lentivirus-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) to knockdown ZFX expression in human glioma cell lines. Our results demonstrate that ZFX plays a crucial role in glioma proliferation and survival, confirming recent reports. We also show for the first time that ZFX knockdown decreases the in vivo growth potential of U87 glioma xenografts in both subcutaneous and intracranial models in nude mice. We conclude that lentivirus-mediated RNAi targeting of ZFX may serve as a promising strategy for glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichuan Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
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Boyd SC, Mijatov B, Pupo GM, Tran SL, Gowrishankar K, Shaw HM, Goding CR, Scolyer RA, Mann GJ, Kefford RF, Rizos H, Becker TM. Oncogenic B-RAF(V600E) signaling induces the T-Box3 transcriptional repressor to repress E-cadherin and enhance melanoma cell invasion. J Invest Dermatol 2012. [PMID: 23190890 PMCID: PMC3788590 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 50% of melanomas require oncogenic B-RAFV600E signaling for proliferation, survival and metastasis, and the use of highly selective B-RAF inhibitors has yielded remarkable, albeit short term, clinical responses. Re-activation of signaling downstream of B-RAF is frequently associated with acquired resistance to B-RAF inhibitors, and the identification of B-RAF targets may therefore provide new strategies for managing melanoma. In this report, we applied whole genome expression analyses to reveal that oncogenic B-RAFV600E regulates genes associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition in normal cutaneous human melanocytes. Most prominent was the B-RAF-mediated transcriptional repression of E-cadherin, a keratinocyte-melanoma adhesion molecule whose loss is intimately associated with melanoma invasion and metastasis. Here we identify a link between oncogenic B-RAF, the transcriptional repressor Tbx3 and E-cadherin. We show that B-RAFV600E induces the expression of Tbx3, which potently represses E-cadherin expression in melanocytes and melanoma cells. Tbx3 expression is normally restricted to developmental embryonic tissues, promoting cell motility but is also aberrantly increased in various cancers and has been linked to tumor cell invasion and metastasis. We propose that this B-RAF/Tbx3/E-cadherin pathway plays a critical role in promoting the metastasis of B-RAF mutant melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanah C Boyd
- University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
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Acquaah-Mensah GK, Malhotra D, Vulimiri M, McDermott JE, Biswal S. Suppressed expression of T-box transcription factors is involved in senescence in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PLoS Comput Biol 2012; 8:e1002597. [PMID: 22829758 PMCID: PMC3400575 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major global health problem. The etiology of COPD has been associated with apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. However, understanding of the molecular interactions that modulate COPD pathogenesis remains only partly resolved. We conducted an exploratory study on COPD etiology to identify the key molecular participants. We used information-theoretic algorithms including Context Likelihood of Relatedness (CLR), Algorithm for the Reconstruction of Accurate Cellular Networks (ARACNE), and Inferelator. We captured direct functional associations among genes, given a compendium of gene expression profiles of human lung epithelial cells. A set of genes differentially expressed in COPD, as reported in a previous study were superposed with the resulting transcriptional regulatory networks. After factoring in the properties of the networks, an established COPD susceptibility locus and domain-domain interactions involving protein products of genes in the generated networks, several molecular candidates were predicted to be involved in the etiology of COPD. These include COL4A3, CFLAR, GULP1, PDCD1, CASP10, PAX3, BOK, HSPD1, PITX2, and PML. Furthermore, T-box (TBX) genes and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A), which are in a direct transcriptional regulatory relationship, emerged as preeminent participants in the etiology of COPD by means of senescence. Contrary to observations in neoplasms, our study reveals that the expression of genes and proteins in the lung samples from patients with COPD indicate an increased tendency towards cellular senescence. The expression of the anti-senescence mediators TBX transcription factors, chromatin modifiers histone deacetylases, and sirtuins was suppressed; while the expression of TBX-regulated cellular senescence markers such as CDKN2A, CDKN1A, and CAV1 was elevated in the peripheral lung tissue samples from patients with COPD. The critical balance between senescence and anti-senescence factors is disrupted towards senescence in COPD lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- George K Acquaah-Mensah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America.
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