1
|
Almatroudi A. Brain Tumors in Saudi Arabia: An Observational and Descriptive Epidemiological Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10091796. [PMID: 36141408 PMCID: PMC9498796 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10091796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Brain tumors are one of the major causes of death and morbidity around the world. A prospective existential retrospective observational population-cohort study based on the comprehensive research work on brain tumors in the Saudi population was conducted, with statistics drawn from the Saudi Cancer Registry data collected and published by the Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia, which is a national document prepared and maintained by the National Health Information Center, from 2006 to 2016. For the analysis of the brain tumor distribution and trends in Saudi Arabian inhabitants, the current study outlined the brain tumor incident rates in the age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) and crude incidence rates (CIRs) in the inhabitants of Saudi Arabia by distinct age cohorts, the year of diagnosis, and the core administrative regions of Saudi Arabia. Method: Statistical tools, such as GraphPad Prism and SPSS 2.0, were used for the analyses of the t-test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and descriptive statistics, including the sex ratio and other demographic features. Between 2006 and 2016, Saudi Arabia recorded 1854 and 1293 cases of brain tumors in males and females, respectively. Results: The highest percentage and mean number of brain tumor cases were recorded among males and females in the age group 0–4 years, and the lowest proportion of brain tumor cases were reported among males and females in the higher age group (55–69 years). The highest mean CIR and ASIR were found in the male and female populations of the Riyadh region, and the highest CIR and ASIR sex ratios were found in the Baha and Naj regions of Saudi Arabia, respectively. Males in the Jazan region had the lowest average CIRs and ASIRs. The Baha and Jazan regions of Saudi Arabia recorded the lowest mean CIR and ASIR among females. Conclusion: The Riyadh region had the most significant increases in ASIRs and CIRs for brain tumors in males and females from 2006 to 2016, whereas the Jazan region had the least significant changes in the ASIRs in males and females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dana P, Pimpha N, Chaipuang A, Thumrongsiri N, Tanyapanyachon P, Taweechaipaisankul A, Chonniyom W, Watcharadulyarat N, Sathornsumetee S, Saengkrit N. Inhibiting Metastasis and Improving Chemosensitivity via Chitosan-Coated Selenium Nanoparticles for Brain Cancer Therapy. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12152606. [PMID: 35957037 PMCID: PMC9370598 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) were synthesized to overcome the limitations of selenium, such as its narrow safe range and low water solubility. SeNPs reduce the toxicity and improve the bioavailability of selenium. Chitosan-coated SeNPs (Cs-SeNPs) were developed to further stabilize SeNPs and to test their effects against glioma cells. The effects of Cs-SeNPs on cell growth were evaluated in monolayer and 3D-tumor spheroid culture. Cell migration and cell invasion were determined using a trans-well assay. The effect of Cs-SeNPs on chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) sensitivity of glioma cells was determined in tumor spheroids. An in vitro blood–brain barrier (BBB) model was established to test the permeability of Cs-SeNPs. SeNPs and Cs-SeNPs can reduce the cell viability of glioma cells in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with SeNPs, Cs-SeNPs more strongly inhibited 3D-tumor spheroid growth. Cs-SeNPs exhibited stronger effects in inhibiting cell migration and cell invasion than SeNPs. Improved 5-FU sensitivity was observed in Cs-SeNP-treated cells. Cellular uptake in glioma cells indicated a higher uptake rate of coumarin-6-labeled Cs-SeNPs than SeNPs. The capability of coumarin-6 associated Cs-SeNPs to pass through the BBB was confirmed. Taken together, Cs-SeNPs provide exceptional performance and are a potential alternative therapeutic strategy for future glioma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paweena Dana
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (P.D.); (N.P.); (A.C.); (N.T.); (P.T.); (A.T.); (W.C.); (N.W.)
| | - Nuttaporn Pimpha
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (P.D.); (N.P.); (A.C.); (N.T.); (P.T.); (A.T.); (W.C.); (N.W.)
| | - Angkana Chaipuang
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (P.D.); (N.P.); (A.C.); (N.T.); (P.T.); (A.T.); (W.C.); (N.W.)
| | - Nutthanit Thumrongsiri
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (P.D.); (N.P.); (A.C.); (N.T.); (P.T.); (A.T.); (W.C.); (N.W.)
| | - Prattana Tanyapanyachon
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (P.D.); (N.P.); (A.C.); (N.T.); (P.T.); (A.T.); (W.C.); (N.W.)
| | - Anukul Taweechaipaisankul
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (P.D.); (N.P.); (A.C.); (N.T.); (P.T.); (A.T.); (W.C.); (N.W.)
| | - Walailuk Chonniyom
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (P.D.); (N.P.); (A.C.); (N.T.); (P.T.); (A.T.); (W.C.); (N.W.)
| | - Natsorn Watcharadulyarat
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (P.D.); (N.P.); (A.C.); (N.T.); (P.T.); (A.T.); (W.C.); (N.W.)
| | - Sith Sathornsumetee
- Research Network NANOTEC-Mahidol University in Theranostic Nanomedicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand;
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Nattika Saengkrit
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (P.D.); (N.P.); (A.C.); (N.T.); (P.T.); (A.T.); (W.C.); (N.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-2117-6558
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li C, Bian X, Liu Z, Wang X, Song X, Zhao W, Liu Y, Yu Z. Effectiveness and safety of pyrotinib-based therapy in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer: A real-world retrospective study. Cancer Med 2021; 10:8352-8364. [PMID: 34672424 PMCID: PMC8633258 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The previous studies had demonstrated the promising effectiveness and acceptable safety of pyrotinib in patients with HER2‐positive metastatic breast cancer. We aimed to investigate the real‐world data of pyrotinib in complex clinical practice and complement the findings of clinical trials. Two hundred and eighteen patients were included for effectiveness analysis. A total of 62.0% had received two or more lines of systematic therapy, and 95.4% had been exposed to prior anti‐HER2 therapy, with 95.4% receiving trastuzumab, 5.0% receiving pertuzumab, and 40.8% receiving lapatinib. The median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 9.3 months and the objective response rate (ORR) was 44.0%. Patients treated with pyrotinib‐based therapy as first, second, or later line had a median PFS of 15.0, 10.3, and 6.8 months, respectively. Patients treated with pyrotinib and trastuzumab received significant benefit in terms of median PFS compared with pyrotinib alone (10.7 (9.1–12.3) vs. 8.8 (8.1–9.5), p = 0.016). Patients pretreated with lapatinib had a median PFS of 6.9 months. The median PFS time was 7.0 months in patients with brain metastasis. Multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that lines of pyrotinib‐based therapy (1 vs. 2 vs. ≥3), prior treatment with lapatinib, and combination treatments with trastuzumab proved to be independent predictors of PFS. Two hundred and forty‐eight patients were included in the safety analysis, and the results showed that the toxicity of pyrotinib was tolerable, with the most common grade 3/4 adverse event being diarrhea (19.8%). Pyrotinib‐based therapy demonstrated promising efficacy and tolerable toxicity in first‐, second‐, and later‐line treatments and in lapatinib‐treated patients. The combination of pyrotinib and trastuzumab showed advantages in PFS, even for patients resisting trastuzumab. Pyrotinib‐based therapy could be the preferred choice for brain metastasis patients, especially when combined with brain radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Breast Cancer Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoli Bian
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, China
| | - Zhaoyun Liu
- Breast Cancer Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xinzhao Wang
- Breast Cancer Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiang Song
- Breast Cancer Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Breast Cancer Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yansong Liu
- Breast Cancer Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiyong Yu
- Breast Cancer Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Moin A, Rizvi SMD, Hussain T, Gowda DV, Subaiea GM, Elsayed MMA, Ansari M, Alanazi AS, Yadav H. Current Status of Brain Tumor in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Application of Nanobiotechnology for Its Treatment: A Comprehensive Review. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:421. [PMID: 34063122 PMCID: PMC8148129 DOI: 10.3390/life11050421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brain tumors are the most challenging of all tumors and accounts for about 3% of all cancer allied deaths. The aim of the present review is to examine the brain tumor prevalence and treatment modalities available in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It also provides a comprehensive analysis of the application of various nanotechnology-based products for brain cancer treatments along with their prospective future advancements. METHODS A literature review was performed to identify and summarize the current status of brain cancer in Saudi Arabia and the scope of nanobiotechnology in its treatment. RESULTS Depending upon the study population data analysis, gliomas, astrocytoma, meningioma, and metastatic cancer have a higher incidence rate in Saudi Arabia than in other countries, and are mostly treated in accordance with conventional treatment modalities for brain cancer. Due to the poor prognosis of cancer, it has an average survival rate of 2 years. Conventional therapy includes surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and a combination thereof, but these do not control the disease's recurrence. Among the various nanomaterials discussed, liposomes and polymeric nanoformulations have demonstrated encouraging outcomes for facilitated brain cancer treatment. CONCLUSIONS Nanomaterials possess the capacity to overcome the shortcomings of conventional therapies. Polymer-based nanomaterials have shown encouraging outcomes against brain cancer when amalgamated with other nano-based therapies. Nonetheless, nanomaterials could be devised that possess minimal toxicity towards normal cells or that specifically target tumor cells. In addition, rigorous clinical investigations are warranted to prepare them as an efficient and safe modality for brain cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afrasim Moin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.); (M.M.A.E.)
| | - Syed Mohd Danish Rizvi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.); (M.M.A.E.)
| | - Talib Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - D. V. Gowda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, Mysuru 570015, India;
| | - Gehad M. Subaiea
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mustafa M. A. Elsayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.); (M.M.A.E.)
| | - Mukhtar Ansari
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Abulrahman Sattam Alanazi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Hemant Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, RAK College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah 11172, United Arab Emirates;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
D'Amico RS, Aghi MK, Vogelbaum MA, Bruce JN. Convection-enhanced drug delivery for glioblastoma: a review. J Neurooncol 2021; 151:415-427. [PMID: 33611708 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-020-03408-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) is a method of targeted, local drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) that bypasses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and permits the delivery of high-dose therapeutics to large volumes of interest while limiting associated systemic toxicities. Since its inception, CED has undergone considerable preclinical and clinical study as a safe method for treating glioblastoma (GBM). However, the heterogeneity of both, the surgical procedure and the mechanisms of action of the agents studied-combined with the additional costs of performing a trial evaluating CED-has limited the field's ability to adequately assess the durability of any potential anti-tumor responses. As a result, the long-term efficacy of the agents studied to date remains difficult to assess. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched PubMed using the phrase "convection-enhanced delivery and glioblastoma". The references of significant systematic reviews were also reviewed for additional sources. Articles focusing on physiological and physical mechanisms of CED were included as well as technological CED advances. RESULTS We review the history and principles of CED, procedural advancements and characteristics, and outcomes from key clinical trials, as well as discuss the potential future of this promising technique for the treatment of GBM. CONCLUSION While the long-term efficacy of the agents studied to date remains difficult to assess, CED remains a promising technique for the treatment of GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Randy S D'Amico
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital/Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Manish K Aghi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey N Bruce
- Department of Neurological Surgery, New York Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Majc B, Novak M, Kopitar-Jerala N, Jewett A, Breznik B. Immunotherapy of Glioblastoma: Current Strategies and Challenges in Tumor Model Development. Cells 2021; 10:265. [PMID: 33572835 PMCID: PMC7912469 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common brain malignant tumor in the adult population, and immunotherapy is playing an increasingly central role in the treatment of many cancers. Nevertheless, the search for effective immunotherapeutic approaches for glioblastoma patients continues. The goal of immunotherapy is to promote tumor eradication, boost the patient's innate and adaptive immune responses, and overcome tumor immune resistance. A range of new, promising immunotherapeutic strategies has been applied for glioblastoma, including vaccines, oncolytic viruses, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and adoptive cell transfer. However, the main challenges of immunotherapy for glioblastoma are the intracranial location and heterogeneity of the tumor as well as the unique, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Owing to the lack of appropriate tumor models, there are discrepancies in the efficiency of various immunotherapeutic strategies between preclinical studies (with in vitro and animal models) on the one hand and clinical studies (on humans) on the other hand. In this review, we summarize the glioblastoma characteristics that drive tolerance to immunotherapy, the currently used immunotherapeutic approaches against glioblastoma, and the most suitable tumor models to mimic conditions in glioblastoma patients. These models are improving and can more precisely predict patients' responses to immunotherapeutic treatments, either alone or in combination with standard treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernarda Majc
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, 111 Večna pot, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.M.); (M.N.)
- International Postgraduate School Jozef Stefan, 39 Jamova ulica, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Metka Novak
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, 111 Večna pot, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Nataša Kopitar-Jerala
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, 39 Jamova ulica, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Anahid Jewett
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, University of California School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Barbara Breznik
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, 111 Večna pot, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.M.); (M.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lah TT, Novak M, Breznik B. Brain malignancies: Glioblastoma and brain metastases. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 60:262-273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
8
|
Xie J, Shen Z, Anraku Y, Kataoka K, Chen X. Nanomaterial-based blood-brain-barrier (BBB) crossing strategies. Biomaterials 2019; 224:119491. [PMID: 31546096 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Increasing attention has been paid to the diseases of central nervous system (CNS). The penetration efficiency of most CNS drugs into the brain parenchyma is rather limited due to the existence of blood-brain barrier (BBB). Thus, BBB crossing for drug delivery to CNS remains a significant challenge in the development of neurological therapeutics. Because of the advantageous properties (e.g., relatively high drug loading content, controllable drug release, excellent passive and active targeting, good stability, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and low toxicity), nanomaterials with BBB-crossability have been widely developed for the treatment of CNS diseases. This review summarizes the current understanding of the physiological structure of BBB, and provides various nanomaterial-based BBB-crossing strategies for brain delivery of theranostic agents, including intranasal delivery, temporary disruption of BBB, local delivery, cell penetrating peptide (CPP) mediated BBB-crossing, receptor mediated BBB-crossing, shuttle peptide mediated BBB-crossing, and cells mediated BBB-crossing. Clinicians, biologists, material scientists and chemists are expected to be interested in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinbing Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-0821, Japan
| | - Zheyu Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Yasutaka Anraku
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-0821, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-0821, Japan; Policy Alternatives Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sarkaria JN, Hu LS, Parney IF, Pafundi DH, Brinkmann DH, Laack NN, Giannini C, Burns TC, Kizilbash SH, Laramy JK, Swanson KR, Kaufmann TJ, Brown PD, Agar NYR, Galanis E, Buckner JC, Elmquist WF. Is the blood-brain barrier really disrupted in all glioblastomas? A critical assessment of existing clinical data. Neuro Oncol 2019; 20:184-191. [PMID: 29016900 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) excludes the vast majority of cancer therapeutics from normal brain. However, the importance of the BBB in limiting drug delivery and efficacy is controversial in high-grade brain tumors, such as glioblastoma (GBM). The accumulation of normally brain impenetrant radiographic contrast material in essentially all GBM has popularized a belief that the BBB is uniformly disrupted in all GBM patients so that consideration of drug distribution across the BBB is not relevant in designing therapies for GBM. However, contrary to this view, overwhelming clinical evidence demonstrates that there is also a clinically significant tumor burden with an intact BBB in all GBM, and there is little doubt that drugs with poor BBB permeability do not provide therapeutically effective drug exposures to this fraction of tumor cells. This review provides an overview of the clinical literature to support a central hypothesis: that all GBM patients have tumor regions with an intact BBB, and cure for GBM will only be possible if these regions of tumor are adequately treated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jann N Sarkaria
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (J.N.S., I.F.P., D.H.P., D.H.B., N.N.L., C.G., T.C.B., S.H.K., T.J.K., P.D.B., E.G., J.C.B.)
| | - Leland S Hu
- Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona (L.S.H., K.R.S.)
| | - Ian F Parney
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (J.N.S., I.F.P., D.H.P., D.H.B., N.N.L., C.G., T.C.B., S.H.K., T.J.K., P.D.B., E.G., J.C.B.)
| | - Deanna H Pafundi
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (J.N.S., I.F.P., D.H.P., D.H.B., N.N.L., C.G., T.C.B., S.H.K., T.J.K., P.D.B., E.G., J.C.B.)
| | - Debra H Brinkmann
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (J.N.S., I.F.P., D.H.P., D.H.B., N.N.L., C.G., T.C.B., S.H.K., T.J.K., P.D.B., E.G., J.C.B.)
| | - Nadia N Laack
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (J.N.S., I.F.P., D.H.P., D.H.B., N.N.L., C.G., T.C.B., S.H.K., T.J.K., P.D.B., E.G., J.C.B.)
| | - Caterina Giannini
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (J.N.S., I.F.P., D.H.P., D.H.B., N.N.L., C.G., T.C.B., S.H.K., T.J.K., P.D.B., E.G., J.C.B.)
| | - Terence C Burns
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (J.N.S., I.F.P., D.H.P., D.H.B., N.N.L., C.G., T.C.B., S.H.K., T.J.K., P.D.B., E.G., J.C.B.)
| | - Sani H Kizilbash
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (J.N.S., I.F.P., D.H.P., D.H.B., N.N.L., C.G., T.C.B., S.H.K., T.J.K., P.D.B., E.G., J.C.B.)
| | - Janice K Laramy
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (J.K.L., W.F.E.)
| | | | - Timothy J Kaufmann
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (J.N.S., I.F.P., D.H.P., D.H.B., N.N.L., C.G., T.C.B., S.H.K., T.J.K., P.D.B., E.G., J.C.B.)
| | - Paul D Brown
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (J.N.S., I.F.P., D.H.P., D.H.B., N.N.L., C.G., T.C.B., S.H.K., T.J.K., P.D.B., E.G., J.C.B.)
| | | | - Evanthia Galanis
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (J.N.S., I.F.P., D.H.P., D.H.B., N.N.L., C.G., T.C.B., S.H.K., T.J.K., P.D.B., E.G., J.C.B.)
| | - Jan C Buckner
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (J.N.S., I.F.P., D.H.P., D.H.B., N.N.L., C.G., T.C.B., S.H.K., T.J.K., P.D.B., E.G., J.C.B.)
| | - William F Elmquist
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (J.N.S., I.F.P., D.H.P., D.H.B., N.N.L., C.G., T.C.B., S.H.K., T.J.K., P.D.B., E.G., J.C.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Saeedi M, Eslamifar M, Khezri K, Dizaj SM. Applications of nanotechnology in drug delivery to the central nervous system. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:666-675. [PMID: 30611991 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the researchers and drug designers have given growing attention to new nanotechnology strategies to improve drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS). Nanotechnology has a great potential to affect the treatment of neurological disorders, mainly Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, brain tumors, and stroke. With regard to neurodegeneration, several studies showed that nanomaterials have been successfully used for the treatments of CNS disorders. In this regard, nanocarriers have facilitated the targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics resulting in the efficient inhibition of disease progression in malignant brain tumors. Therefore, the most efficacious application of nanomaterials is the use of these substances in the treatment of CNS disease that enhances the overall effect of drug and highlights the importance of nano-therapeutics. This study was conducted to review the evidence on the applications of nanotechnology in designing drug delivery systems with the ability to cross through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in order to transfer the therapeutic agents to the CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Saeedi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Eslamifar
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran.
| | - Khadijeh Khezri
- Student Research Committee, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran..
| | - Solmaz Maleki Dizaj
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center and Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Su H, Lin Z, Peng W, Hu Z. Identification of potential biomarkers of lung adenocarcinoma brain metastases via microarray analysis of cDNA expression profiles. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:2228-2236. [PMID: 30675288 PMCID: PMC6341808 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases originating from lung adenocarcinoma (LAD) occur frequently. The aim of the current study was to assess potential biomarkers for the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma brain metastasis (LAD-BM) through the analysis of gene expression microarrays. The current study downloaded two gene expression datasets, GSE14108 and GSE10245, from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. From GSE14108 and GSE10245, 19 LAD-BM samples and 40 primary LAD samples were selected for analysis. To identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), the current study compared the two sample groups, using the limma R package. Subsequently, pathway enrichment analysis was conducted using the Cluster Profiler R package, and the construction of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was executed utilizing the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes database. The microRNA-target network was built using the TargetScore R package. Then, these networks were established and visualized using Cytoscape software. An array of 463 DEGs was identified in the LAD-BM samples, including 256 upregulated and 207 downregulated genes. Based on functional term enrichment analysis using the Gene Ontology database and signaling pathway enrichment analysis using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database, it was identified that the overlapping DEGs were primarily involved in chemokine-associated signal transduction, which may mediate lung cancer cell metastasis to the brain. Chemokine ligand 2, lysozyme, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), lysyl oxidase (LOX) and granzyme B were identified as potential biomarkers according to a topological analysis of the PPI networks. Two notable nodes, MMP-2 and LOX, appeared in the PPI network and were key points in the microRNA-target network, as they were regulated by hsa-let-7d. Many DEGs and microRNAs were regarded as prognostic biomarkers for lung adenocarcinoma metastasis in the current study. These DEGs were primarily associated with chemokine-mediated signaling pathways. In addition, MMP-2 and LOX were predicted to be targets of hsa-let-7d.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
| | - Weicheng Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Randall EC, Emdal KB, Laramy JK, Kim M, Roos A, Calligaris D, Regan MS, Gupta SK, Mladek AC, Carlson BL, Johnson AJ, Lu FK, Xie XS, Joughin BA, Reddy RJ, Peng S, Abdelmoula WM, Jackson PR, Kolluri A, Kellersberger KA, Agar JN, Lauffenburger DA, Swanson KR, Tran NL, Elmquist WF, White FM, Sarkaria JN, Agar NYR. Integrated mapping of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in a patient-derived xenograft model of glioblastoma. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4904. [PMID: 30464169 PMCID: PMC6249307 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07334-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic options for the treatment of glioblastoma remain inadequate despite concerted research efforts in drug development. Therapeutic failure can result from poor permeability of the blood-brain barrier, heterogeneous drug distribution, and development of resistance. Elucidation of relationships among such parameters could enable the development of predictive models of drug response in patients and inform drug development. Complementary analyses were applied to a glioblastoma patient-derived xenograft model in order to quantitatively map distribution and resulting cellular response to the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib. Mass spectrometry images of erlotinib were registered to histology and magnetic resonance images in order to correlate drug distribution with tumor characteristics. Phosphoproteomics and immunohistochemistry were used to assess protein signaling in response to drug, and integrated with transcriptional response using mRNA sequencing. This comprehensive dataset provides simultaneous insight into pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and indicates that erlotinib delivery to intracranial tumors is insufficient to inhibit EGFR tyrosine kinase signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Randall
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kristina B Emdal
- Department of Biological Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Janice K Laramy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Minjee Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Alison Roos
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, 13400 E. Shea Blvd.MCCRB 03-055, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - David Calligaris
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Michael S Regan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Shiv K Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Ann C Mladek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Brett L Carlson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Aaron J Johnson
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Fa-Ke Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - X Sunney Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Brian A Joughin
- Department of Biological Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Raven J Reddy
- Department of Biological Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Sen Peng
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Walid M Abdelmoula
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Pamela R Jackson
- Mathematical NeuroOncology Lab, Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, 5777 E. Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
| | - Aarti Kolluri
- Mathematical NeuroOncology Lab, Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, 5777 E. Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey N Agar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 412 TF (140 The Fenway), Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Kristin R Swanson
- Mathematical NeuroOncology Lab, Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, 5777 E. Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
| | - Nhan L Tran
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, 13400 E. Shea Blvd.MCCRB 03-055, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - William F Elmquist
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Forest M White
- Department of Biological Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Nathalie Y R Agar
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ni W, Chen W, Lu Y. Emerging findings into molecular mechanism of brain metastasis. Cancer Med 2018; 7:3820-3833. [PMID: 29992751 PMCID: PMC6089171 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metastasis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. Hence, the need to develop improved therapies to prevent and treat metastasis to the brain is becoming urgent. Recent studies in this area are bringing about some advanced progress on brain metastasis. It was concluded that the occurrence and poor prognosis of brain metastasis have been mostly attributed to the exclusion of anticancer drugs from the brain by the blood-brain barrier. And several highly potent new generation targeted drugs with enhanced CNS distribution have been developed constantly. However, the noted "seed and soil" hypothesis also suggests that the outcome of metastasis depends on the relationship between unique tumor cells and the specific organ microenvironment. Moreover, increasing studies in multiple tumor types demonstrated that brain metastasis has great molecular differences between primary tumors and extracranial metastasis to a large extent. Here, the authors summarized the most common malignancies that could lead to brain metastasis-lung cancer, breast cancer and melanoma and their related mutated factors. Only by comprehending a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms, more effective brain-specific therapies will be developed for brain metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Ni
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia MedicaSchool of PharmacyNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Wenxing Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia MedicaSchool of PharmacyNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of TumorNanjingChina
| | - Yin Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia MedicaSchool of PharmacyNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Prevention and Treatment of TumorNanjingChina
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tanner K. Perspective: The role of mechanobiology in the etiology of brain metastasis. APL Bioeng 2018; 2:031801. [PMID: 31069312 PMCID: PMC6324204 DOI: 10.1063/1.5024394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor latency and dormancy are obstacles to effective cancer treatment. In brain
metastases, emergence of a lesion can occur at varying intervals from diagnosis
and in some cases following successful treatment of the primary tumor. Genetic
factors that drive brain metastases have been identified, such as those involved
in cell adhesion, signaling, extravasation, and metabolism. From this wealth of
knowledge, vexing questions still remain; why is there a difference in strategy
to facilitate outgrowth and why is there a difference in latency? One missing
link may be the role of tissue biophysics of the brain microenvironment in
infiltrating cells. Here, I discuss the mechanical cues that may influence
disseminated tumor cells in the brain, as a function of age and disease. I
further discuss in vitro and in vivo
preclinical models such as 3D culture systems and zebrafish to study the role of
the mechanical environment in brain metastasis in an effort of providing novel
targeted therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kandice Tanner
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Choy C, Ansari KI, Neman J, Hsu S, Duenas MJ, Li H, Vaidehi N, Jandial R. Cooperation of neurotrophin receptor TrkB and Her2 in breast cancer cells facilitates brain metastases. Breast Cancer Res 2017; 19:51. [PMID: 28446206 PMCID: PMC5406906 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0844-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with primary breast cancer that is positive for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2+) have a high risk of developing metastases in the brain. Despite gains with systemic control of Her2+ disease using molecular therapies, brain metastases remain recalcitrant to therapeutic discovery. The clinical predilection of Her2+ breast cancer cells to colonize the brain likely relies on paracrine mechanisms. The neural niche poses unique selection pressures, and neoplastic cells that utilize the brain microenvironment may have a survival advantage. METHODS Tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB), Her2, and downstream targets were analyzed in primary breast cancer, breast-to-brain metastasis (BBM) tissues, and tumor-derived cell lines using quantitative real-time PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemical assessment. TrkB function on BBM was confirmed with intracranial, intracardiac, or mammary fat pad xenografts in non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mice. The function of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on cell proliferation and TrkB/Her2 signaling and interactions were confirmed using selective shRNA knockdown and selective inhibitors. The physical interaction of Her2-TrkB was analyzed using electron microscopy, co-immunoprecipitation, and in silico analysis. Dual targeting of Her2 and TrkB was analyzed using clinically utilized treatments. RESULTS We observed that patient tissues and cell lines derived from Her2+ human BBM displayed increased activation of TrkB, a neurotrophin receptor. BDNF, an extracellular neurotrophin, with roles in neuronal maturation and homeostasis, specifically binds to TrkB. TrkB knockdown in breast cancer cells led to decreased frequency and growth of brain metastasis in animal models, suggesting that circulating breast cancer cells entering the brain may take advantage of paracrine BDNF-TrkB signaling for colonization. In addition, we investigated a possible interaction between TrkB and Her2 receptors on brain metastatic breast cancer cells, and found that BDNF phosphorylated both its cognate TrkB receptor and the Her2 receptor in brain metastatic breast cancer cells. CONCLUSION Collectively, our findings suggest that heterodimerization of Her2 and TrkB receptors gives breast cancer cells a survival advantage in the brain and that dual inhibition of these receptors may hold therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Choy
- Division of Neurosurgery, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.,Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Khairul I Ansari
- Division of Neurosurgery, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Josh Neman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Sarah Hsu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Matthew J Duenas
- Division of Neurosurgery, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Hubert Li
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.,Department of Immunology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Nagarajan Vaidehi
- Department of Immunology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Rahul Jandial
- Division of Neurosurgery, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tang N, Guo J, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Wang Z. Greater efficacy of chemotherapy plus bevacizumab compared to chemo- and targeted therapy alone on non-small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastasis. Oncotarget 2016; 7:3635-44. [PMID: 26498354 PMCID: PMC4823133 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with brain metastasis is clinically challenging. This study retrospectively evaluated the efficacy of different adjuvant therapies for 776 cases of advanced NSCLCs with brain metastasis who treated with chemotherapy, chemotherapy plus bevacizumab, tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) alone, or supportive care. The median progression-free survival (mPFS) and median overall survival (mOS) of patients treated with chemotherapy plus bevacizumab were 8.5 and 10.5 months, respectively, which were better than those of patients treated with other three therapies(P < 0.01). For patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC, the efficacy of TKI treatment was not statistically better than that of chemotherapy plus bevacizumab but was significantly better than that of other therapies. Moreover, for patients with EGFR wild-type NSCLC, the mPFS and mOS after chemotherapy plus bevacizumab were greater than those with other two therapies (P < 0.01). The local response rate (RR)and disease control rate (DCR)with regimen including pemetrexed were greater than those with regimen including paclitaxel (P < 0.05). Chemotherapy plus bevacizumab was more effective for NSCLC patients with brain metastasis. Further studies will investigate the benefit of TKI alone for patients with EGFR-mutated. For patients with EGFR wild-type, chemotherapy plus bevacizumab did improve PFS and OS. Furthermore, regimens including pemetrexed led to a greater RR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Tang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhehai Wang
- Department of Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lowery FJ, Yu D. Brain metastasis: Unique challenges and open opportunities. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2016; 1867:49-57. [PMID: 27939792 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The metastasis of cancer to the central nervous system (CNS) remains a devastating clinical reality, carrying an estimated survival time of less than one year in spite of recent therapeutic breakthroughs for other disease contexts. Advances in brain metastasis research are hindered by a number of factors, including its complicated nature and the difficulty of modeling metastatic cancer growth in the unique brain microenvironment. In this review, we will discuss the clinical challenge, and compare the merits and limitations of the available models for brain metastasis research. Additionally, we will specifically address current knowledge on how brain metastases take advantage of the unique brain environment to benefit their own growth. Finally, we will explore the distinctive metabolic and chemical characteristics of the brain and how these paradoxically represent barriers to establishment of brain metastasis, but also provide ample supplies for metastatic cells' growth in the brain. We envision that multi-disciplinary innovative approaches will open opportunities for the field to make breakthroughs in tackling unique challenges of brain metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank J Lowery
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dihua Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tang N, Wang Z. Comparison of bevacizumab plus chemotherapy with chemotherapy alone in advanced non-small-lung cancer patients. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:4671-9. [PMID: 27536131 PMCID: PMC4973774 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s110339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Bevacizumab plus chemotherapy was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a first-line treatment for advanced nonsquamous, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in 2006. This study retrospectively compared the efficacy of bevacizumab plus chemotherapy with chemotherapy alone as the first-line and second-line treatment as well as the maintenance treatment for advanced NSCLC patients. A total of 1,352 patients were included and we analyzed the efficacy evaluation according to the criteria of the Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST), survival, and adverse reactions. The data showed that for bevacizumab plus chemotherapy as the first-line treatment, the median progression-free survival (mPFS) and median overall survival (mOS) were 11.5 and 17.0 months, respectively, compared to 7.0 and 14 months, respectively, in patients who received chemotherapy alone (P<0.01). With bevacizumab plus chemotherapy as maintenance treatment, the mPFS and mOS were 6.0 and 17.4 months, respectively, compared to 3.0 and 15.0 months, respectively, with chemotherapy alone (P<0.01). With bevacizumab plus chemotherapy as the second-line treatment, the mPFS was 3.0 months compared to only 2.0 months with chemotherapy alone (P<0.01). The overall responses to the different regimens showed that the remission rate with bevacizumab plus chemotherapy was higher than that with chemotherapy alone (31.8% vs 25.5%, P<0.05), although there was no statistical difference in the disease control rate with either first- or second-line treatment. In conclusion, chemotherapy plus bevacizumab as the first-line and maintenance treatment, led to better curative rates and tolerable adverse reactions compared with chemotherapy alone in advanced NSCLC patients. Bevacizumab combined with cytotoxic drugs was suitable as the second-line treatment for such patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Tang
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhehai Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hanibuchi M, Kim SJ, Fidler IJ, Nishioka Y. The molecular biology of lung cancer brain metastasis: an overview of current comprehensions and future perspectives. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2016; 61:241-53. [PMID: 25264041 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.61.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Brain metastases occur in 20-40% of patients with advanced malignancies and lung cancer is one of the most common causes of brain metastases. The occurrence of brain metastases is associated with poor prognosis and high morbidity in patients with advanced lung cancer, even after intensive multimodal therapy. Progress in treating brain metastases has been hampered by a lack of model systems, a lack of human tissue samples, and the exclusion of brain metastatic patients from many clinical trials. While the biology of brain metastasis is still poorly understood, it is encouraging to see more efforts are beginning to be directed toward the study of brain metastasis. During the multi-step process of metastasis, functional significance of gene expressions, changes in brain vasculature, abnormal secretion of soluble factors and activation of autocrine/paracrine signaling are considered to contribute to the brain metastasis development. A better understanding of the mechanism of this disease will help us to identify the appropriate therapeutic strategies, which leads to circumvent brain metastases. Recent findings on the biology of lung cancer brain metastases and translational leads identified by molecular studies are discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Hanibuchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
MacDiarmid JA, Langova V, Bailey D, Pattison ST, Pattison SL, Christensen N, Armstrong LR, Brahmbhatt VN, Smolarczyk K, Harrison MT, Costa M, Mugridge NB, Sedliarou I, Grimes NA, Kiss DL, Stillman B, Hann CL, Gallia GL, Graham RM, Brahmbhatt H. Targeted Doxorubicin Delivery to Brain Tumors via Minicells: Proof of Principle Using Dogs with Spontaneously Occurring Tumors as a Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151832. [PMID: 27050167 PMCID: PMC4822833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cytotoxic chemotherapy can be very effective for the treatment of cancer but toxicity on normal tissues often limits patient tolerance and often causes long-term adverse effects. The objective of this study was to assist in the preclinical development of using modified, non-living bacterially-derived minicells to deliver the potent chemotherapeutic doxorubicin via epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) targeting. Specifically, this study sought to evaluate the safety and efficacy of EGFR targeted, doxorubicin loaded minicells (designated EGFRminicellsDox) to deliver doxorubicin to spontaneous brain tumors in 17 companion dogs; a comparative oncology model of human brain cancers. Methodology/Principle Findings EGFRminicellsDox were administered weekly via intravenous injection to 17 dogs with late-stage brain cancers. Biodistribution was assessed using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Anti-tumor response was determined using MRI, and blood samples were subject to toxicology (hematology, biochemistry) and inflammatory marker analysis. Targeted, doxorubicin-loaded minicells rapidly localized to the core of brain tumors. Complete resolution or marked tumor regression (>90% reduction in tumor volume) were observed in 23.53% of the cohort, with lasting anti-tumor responses characterized by remission in three dogs for more than two years. The median overall survival was 264 days (range 49 to 973). No adverse clinical, hematological or biochemical effects were observed with repeated administration of EGFRminicellsDox (30 to 98 doses administered in 10 of the 17 dogs). Conclusions/Significance Targeted minicells loaded with doxorubicin were safely administered to dogs with late stage brain cancer and clinical activity was observed. These findings demonstrate the strong potential for clinical applications of targeted, doxorubicin-loaded minicells for the effective treatment of patients with brain cancer. On this basis, we have designed a Phase 1 clinical study of EGFR-targeted, doxorubicin-loaded minicells for effective treatment of human patients with recurrent glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Veronika Langova
- Small Animal Specialist Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dale Bailey
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Scott T. Pattison
- Cancer Therapeutics, EnGeneIC Pty Ltd, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stacey L. Pattison
- Cancer Therapeutics, EnGeneIC Pty Ltd, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Neil Christensen
- Small Animal Specialist Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Luke R. Armstrong
- Cancer Therapeutics, EnGeneIC Pty Ltd, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Marylia Costa
- Cancer Therapeutics, EnGeneIC Pty Ltd, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nancy B. Mugridge
- Cancer Therapeutics, EnGeneIC Pty Ltd, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ilya Sedliarou
- Cancer Therapeutics, EnGeneIC Pty Ltd, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicholas A. Grimes
- Cancer Therapeutics, EnGeneIC Pty Ltd, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Debra L. Kiss
- Cancer Therapeutics, EnGeneIC Pty Ltd, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bruce Stillman
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, United States of America
| | - Christine L. Hann
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gary L. Gallia
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Robert M. Graham
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Himanshu Brahmbhatt
- Cancer Therapeutics, EnGeneIC Pty Ltd, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kim DW, Mehra R, Tan DSW, Felip E, Chow LQM, Camidge DR, Vansteenkiste J, Sharma S, De Pas T, Riely GJ, Solomon BJ, Wolf J, Thomas M, Schuler M, Liu G, Santoro A, Sutradhar S, Li S, Szczudlo T, Yovine A, Shaw AT. Activity and safety of ceritinib in patients with ALK-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer (ASCEND-1): updated results from the multicentre, open-label, phase 1 trial. Lancet Oncol 2016; 17:452-463. [PMID: 26973324 PMCID: PMC5063047 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(15)00614-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ALK-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is sensitive to ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (ALK inhibitors) such as crizotinib, but resistance invariably develops, often with progression in the brain. Ceritinib is a more potent ALK inhibitor than crizotinib in vitro, crosses the blood-brain barrier in vivo, and shows clinical responses in patients with crizotinib-resistant disease. We aimed to assess whole-body activity of ceritinib in both ALK inhibitor-pretreated and ALK inhibitor-naive patients with ALK-rearranged NSCLC. METHODS ASCEND-1 was an open-label, phase 1 trial that recruited patients from 20 academic hospitals or cancer centres in 11 countries in Europe, North America, and Asia-Pacific. Eligible patients were aged 18 years or older with ALK-rearranged locally advanced or metastatic cancer that had progressed despite standard therapy (or for which no effective standard therapy existed), who had at least one measurable lesion at baseline. The primary objective (to determine the maximum tolerated dose) has been reported previously. This updated analysis includes all patients with ALK-rearranged NSCLC given oral ceritinib at the recommended dose of 750 mg/day in the dose-escalation and expansion phases. Here we report the secondary outcomes of overall response, duration of response, and progression-free survival, analysed in all patients who received at least one 750 mg dose of ceritinib. Exploratory analyses included retrospective analysis of intracranial activity by independent neuroradiologists, in patients with untreated or locally treated neurologically stable brain metastases at baseline. Safety was assessed in all patients who received at least one dose of ceritinib. This study is no longer recruiting patients; however, treatment and follow-up are ongoing. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01283516. FINDINGS Between Jan 24, 2011, and July 31, 2013, 255 patients were enrolled and received at least one dose of ceritinib 750 mg/day, of whom 246 had ALK-rearranged NSCLC. At data cutoff (April 14, 2014), median follow-up was 11·1 months (IQR 6·7-15·2) and 147 (60%) patients had discontinued treatment, 98 (40%) as a result of disease progression. An overall response was reported in 60 (72% [95% CI 61-82]) of 83 ALK inhibitor-naive patients and 92 (56% [49-64]) of 163 ALK inhibitor-pretreated patients. Median duration of response was 17·0 months (95% CI 11·3-non-estimable [NE]) in ALK inhibitor-naive patients and 8·3 months (6·8-9·7) in ALK inhibitor-pretreated patients. Median progression-free survival was 18·4 months (95% CI 11·1-NE) in ALK inhibitor-naive patients and 6·9 months (5·6-8·7) in ALK inhibitor-pretreated patients. Of 94 patients with retrospectively confirmed brain metastases and at least one post-baseline MRI or CT tumour assessment, intracranial disease control was reported in 15 (79% [95% CI 54-94]) of 19 ALK inhibitor-naive patients and in 49 (65% [54-76]) of 75 ALK inhibitor-pretreated patients. Of these 94 patients, 11 had measurable brain lesions and no previous radiotherapy to the brain, six of whom achieved a partial intracranial response. Serious adverse events were recorded in 117 (48%) of 246 patients. The most common grade 3-4 laboratory abnormalities were increased alanine aminotransferase (73 [30%] patients) and increased aspartate aminotransferase (25 [10%]). The most common grade 3-4 non-laboratory adverse events were diarrhoea and nausea, both of which occurred in 15 (6%) patients. Two on-treatment deaths during the study were deemed to be related to study drug by the investigators, one due to interstitial lung disease and one as a result of multiorgan failure that occurred in the context of infection and ischaemic hepatitis. INTERPRETATION The durable whole-body responses reported, together with the intracranial activity, support a clinical benefit for treatment with ceritinib in patients with ALK-rearranged NSCLC who have received crizotinib, or as an alternative to crizotinib. A confirmatory phase 2 clinical trial is ongoing to assess ceritinib activity in patients with ALK-rearranged NSCLC and brain or leptomeningeal metastases. FUNDING Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Wan Kim
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ranee Mehra
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sunil Sharma
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jürgen Wolf
- Centre for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Thomas
- Internistische Onkologie der Thoraxtumoren, Thoraxklinik im Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Schuler
- University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Siyu Li
- Novartis Pharma, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Alice T Shaw
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Discovery and characterization of a high-affinity and high-specificity peptide ligand LXY30 for in vivo targeting of α3 integrin-expressing human tumors. EJNMMI Res 2016; 6:18. [PMID: 26922417 PMCID: PMC4769701 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-016-0165-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background α3β1 integrin is overexpressed in several types of human cancer and is associated with poor prognosis, metastasis, and resistance to cancer treatment. We previously identified a cyclic peptide ligand LXY1 that specifically binds to the α3β1 integrin on human glioblastoma U-87MG cells. Here, we optimized LXY1 through one-bead one-compound combinatorial library screening and site-specific modifications to improve its in vivo binding property. Methods Three bead libraries were synthesized and whole-cell binding assays were performed. The binding capacity of individual peptide ligands against different tumor cells was determined by flow cytometry and confirmed by optical imaging. A complex joining biotinylated ligand with streptavidin-Cy5.5 was used for in vivo target imaging in both subcutaneous and orthotopic U-87MG xenograft mouse models. Results LXY30, a cyclic peptide with the sequence cdG-Phe(3,5-diF)-G-Hyp-NcR, emerged as the most potent and selective ligand for the α3 subunit of α3β1 integrin with improved in vitro and in vivo tumor-targeting effects compared to LXY1 in U-87MG cells. LXY30 is considerably stable in plasma as demonstrated in an in vitro stability study in 90 % human plasma. LXY30 also binds to several other known α3β1 integrin-expressing glioblastoma, lung, and breast cancer cell lines with various affinities. Conclusions Our data support further investigating the role of LXY30 as a human tumor-targeting peptide ligand for systemic and intracranial delivery of imaging agents and cancer therapeutics. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13550-016-0165-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
23
|
Tayyeb B, Parvin M. Pathogenesis of Breast Cancer Metastasis to Brain: a Comprehensive Approach to the Signaling Network. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 53:446-454. [PMID: 25465242 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-9023-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
There is a general consensus that breast cancer is a rising trend disease in the world. It is one of the most common cancer types and is the leading cause of death among women's cancers. There are several reasons for this high rate of mortality including metastasis which is responsible for about 90 % of cancer-related mortality. Therefore, recognition and understanding of metastatic process is important, and by considering the key role of pathophysiological route in metastasis as a multistep cascade of "invasion-metastasis," it might modify and improve our insight toward this complex phenomenon. Moreover, it can provide novel approaches for designing advanced targeted therapies. The present work aimed to review the published papers regarding molecular basis of metastatic process of breast cancer to brain metastasis, especially related genes and signaling network. Furthermore, the use of molecular aspects of metastatic breast cancer to brain was discussed in horizon of future treatment of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bahrami Tayyeb
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdipour Parvin
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Blanco VM, Chu Z, Vallabhapurapu SD, Sulaiman MK, Kendler A, Rixe O, Warnick RE, Franco RS, Qi X. Phosphatidylserine-selective targeting and anticancer effects of SapC-DOPS nanovesicles on brain tumors. Oncotarget 2015; 5:7105-18. [PMID: 25051370 PMCID: PMC4196187 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors, either primary (e.g., glioblastoma multiforme) or secondary (metastatic), remain among the most intractable and fatal of all cancers. We have shown that nanovesicles consisting of Saposin C (SapC) and dioleylphosphatidylserine (DOPS) are able to effectively target and kill cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. These actions are a consequence of the affinity of SapC-DOPS for phosphatidylserine, an acidic phospholipid abundantly present in the outer membrane of a variety of tumor cells and tumor-associated vasculature. In this study, we first characterize SapC-DOPS bioavailability and antitumor effects on human glioblastoma xenografts, and confirm SapC-DOPS specificity towards phosphatidylserine by showing that glioblastoma targeting is abrogated after in vivo exposure to lactadherin, which binds phosphatidylserine with high affinity. Second, we demonstrate that SapC-DOPS selectively targets brain metastases-forming cancer cells both in vitro, in co-cultures with human astrocytes, and in vivo, in mouse models of brain metastases derived from human breast or lung cancer cells. Third, we demonstrate that SapC-DOPS nanovesicles have cytotoxic activity against metastatic breast cancer cells in vitro, and prolong the survival of mice harboring brain metastases. Taken together, these results support the potential of SapC-DOPS for the diagnosis and therapy of primary and metastatic brain tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor M Blanco
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Zhengtao Chu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Subrahmanya D Vallabhapurapu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Mahaboob K Sulaiman
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ady Kendler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Olivier Rixe
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Georgia Regents University, GRU Cancer Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Ronald E Warnick
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati Brain Tumor Center, and Mayfield Clinic, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Robert S Franco
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Xiaoyang Qi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pishko GL, Muldoon LL, Pagel MA, Schwartz DL, Neuwelt EA. Vascular endothelial growth factor blockade alters magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers of vascular function and decreases barrier permeability in a rat model of lung cancer brain metastasis. Fluids Barriers CNS 2015; 12:5. [PMID: 25879723 PMCID: PMC4429592 DOI: 10.1186/2045-8118-12-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Blockade of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to promote vascular normalization and inhibit angiogenesis has been proposed for the treatment of brain metastases; however, vascular normalization has not been well-characterized in this disease. We investigated the effect of treatment with bevacizumab anti-VEGF antibody on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers of brain tumor vascular characteristics in comparison to small molecule delivery in a rat model of human lung cancer brain metastasis. Methods Athymic rats with A549 human lung adenocarcinoma intracerebral xenografts underwent MRI at 11.75 T before and one day after treatment with bevacizumab (n = 8) or saline control (n = 8) to evaluate tumor volume, free water content (edema), blood volume and vascular permeability (Ktrans). One day later, permeability to 14C-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) was measured in tumor and brain to assess the penetration of a small drug-like molecule. Results In saline control animals, tumor volume, edema and permeability increased over the two day assessment period. Compared to controls, bevacizumab treatment slowed the rate of tumor growth (P = 0.003) and blocked the increase in edema (P = 0.033), but did not alter tumor blood volume. Bevacizumab also significantly reduced Ktrans (P = 0.033) and AIB passive permeability in tumor (P = 0.04), but not to peritumoral tissue or normal brain. Post-treatment Ktrans correlated with AIB levels in the bevacizumab-treated rats but not in the saline controls. Conclusions The correlation of an MRI biomarker for decreased vascular permeability with decreased AIB concentration in tumor after antiangiogenic treatment suggests that bevacizumab partially restored the normal low permeability characteristics of the blood–brain barrier in a model of human lung cancer brain metastasis.
Collapse
|
26
|
Gooyit M, Song W, Mahasenan KV, Lichtenwalter K, Suckow MA, Schroeder VA, Wolter WR, Mobashery S, Chang M. O-phenyl carbamate and phenyl urea thiiranes as selective matrix metalloproteinase-2 inhibitors that cross the blood-brain barrier. J Med Chem 2013; 56:8139-50. [PMID: 24028490 DOI: 10.1021/jm401217d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Brain metastasis occurs in 20-40% of cancer patients. Treatment is mostly palliative, and the inability of most drugs to penetrate the brain presents one of the greatest challenges in the development of therapeutics for brain metastasis. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) plays important roles in invasion and vascularization of the central nervous system and represents a potential target for treatment of brain metastasis. Carbonate, O-phenyl carbamate, urea, and N-phenyl carbamate derivatives of SB-3CT, a selective and potent gelatinase inhibitor, were synthesized and evaluated. The O-phenyl carbamate and urea variants were selective and potent inhibitors of MMP-2. Carbamate 5b was metabolized to the potent gelatinase inhibitor 2, which was present at therapeutic concentrations in the brain. In contrast, phenyl urea 6b crossed the blood-brain barrier, however, higher doses would result in therapeutic brain concentrations. Carbamate 5b and urea 6b show potential for intervention of MMP-2-dependent diseases such as brain metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Major Gooyit
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Freimann Life Sciences Center and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|