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Xu Q, Li J, Yang Y, Zhuo L, Gao H, Jiang S, Li W. Prevalence and prognosis of malignancy in THSD7A-associated membranous nephropathy: a systematic literature review and clinical case study. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2355353. [PMID: 38785304 PMCID: PMC11132978 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2355353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to investigate the incidence and prognosis of malignancy in individuals with thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing 7A (THSD7A)-associated membranous nephropathy (MN). METHODS First, we performed a systematic literature review of prevalence of malignancy in THSD7A-associated MN. Then, we conducted a retrospective analysis of 454 patients diagnosed with MN through renal biopsy at our hospital between January 2016 and December 2020. We assessed the presence of serum anti-THSD7A antibodies and performed immunohistochemical staining of renal tissue for THSD7A. Subsequently, we followed patients with THSD7A-associated MN for a minimum of 3-5 years, collecting their clinical, pathological characteristics, and prognosis. Additionally, we conducted a literature review on patients with THSD7A-associated MN in conjunction with malignancy. RESULTS We identified a total of nine articles containing comprehensive data on THSD7A-associated MN and malignancy. Among 235 patients with THSD7A-positive MN, 36 individuals had concurrent malignancies, resulting in a malignancy prevalence of 13.3% (95% CI: 8.9-17.7%). In our center, we followed up with 15 patients diagnosed with THSD7A-associated MN and observed three cases of concomitant tumors: two cases of lung adenocarcinoma and one case of small cell lung cancer with multiple metastases. The prevalence of malignancy in our cohort was 20%. Notably, we detected positive THSD7A staining in both renal and lung cancer tissues in one patient with small cell lung cancer. CONCLUSIONS Patients with THSD7A-associated MN should undergo vigilant follow-up assessments, with a particular focus on actively seeking potential tumorigenic lesions to prevent misdiagnosis or oversight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Xu
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhuo
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Gao
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shimin Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenge Li
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
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Wu G, Fan Z, Li X. CENPA knockdown restrains cell progression and tumor growth in breast cancer by reducing PLA2R1 promoter methylation and modulating PLA2R1/HHEX axis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:27. [PMID: 38212546 PMCID: PMC11072086 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05063-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is a lethal malignancy affecting females worldwide. It has been reported that upregulated centromere protein A (CENPA) expression might indicate unfortunate prognosis and can function as a prognostic biomarker in breast cancer. This study aimed to investigate the accurate roles and downstream mechanisms of CENPA in breast cancer progression. METHODS CENPA protein levels in breast cancer tissues and cell lines were analyzed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry assays. We used gain/loss-of-function experiments to determine the potential effects of CENPA and phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R1) on breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Co-IP assay was employed to validate the possible interaction between CENPA and DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), as well as PLA2R1 and hematopoietically expressed homeobox (HHEX). PLA2R1 promoter methylation was determined using methylation-specific PCR assay. The biological capabilities of CENPA/PLA2R1/HHEX axis in breast cancer cells was determined by rescue experiments. In addition, CENPA-silenced MCF-7 cells were injected into mice, followed by measurement of tumor growth. RESULTS CENPA level was prominently elevated in breast cancer tissues and cell lines. Interestingly, CENPA knockdown and PLA2R1 overexpression both restrained breast cancer cell proliferation and migration, and enhanced apoptosis. On the contrary, CENPA overexpression displayed the opposite results. Moreover, CENPA reduced PLA2R1 expression through promoting DNMT1-mediated PLA2R1 promoter methylation. PLA2R1 overexpression could effectively abrogate CENPA overexpression-mediated augment of breast cancer cell progression. Furthermore, PLA2R1 interacted with HHEX and promoted HHEX expression. PLA2R1 knockdown increased the rate of breast cancer cell proliferation and migration but restrained apoptosis, which was abrogated by HHEX overexpression. In addition, CENPA silencing suppressed tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSION CENPA knockdown restrained breast cancer cell proliferation and migration and attenuated tumor growth in vivo through reducing PLA2R1 promoter methylation and increasing PLA2R1 and HHEX expression. We may provide a promising prognostic biomarker and novel therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wu
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhongkai Fan
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, Liaoning, China.
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, Liaoning, China.
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Zheng H, Zhang M, Gao D, Zhang X, Cai H, Cui Z, Gao Y, Lv Z. PLA2R1 Inhibits Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Proliferation and Migration via the FN1-Mediated ITGB1/FAK Axis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2720. [PMID: 37345058 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PLA2R1 is a novel gene that is aberrantly expressed in a variety of malignancies. However, the role and mechanism of PLA2R1 in thyroid cancer has not been elucidated. We aimed to uncover the underlying mechanism of PLA2R1 in thyroid cancer. We collected 115 clinical specimens, including 54 tumor tissues and 61 para-cancerous tissues, who underwent surgical treatment at Shanghai Tenth Hospital. Immunohistochemical staining was used to evaluate PLA2R1 expression in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) tissues. The thyroid cancer cell lines 8505c and FTC133 transfected with PLA2R1 overexpression or knockdown plasmids were used for CCK8 assays and a wound healing assay. Next, we conducted coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) experiments and western blotting to explore the underlying mechanism of PLA2R1 in regulating the growth of thyroid cancer. We discovered that the expression of PLA2R1 was lower in the tumor tissues than in para-cancerous tissues (χ2 = 37.0, p < 0.01). The overexpression of PLA2R1 significantly suppressed thyroid cancer cell proliferation and migration, and both of these effects were partially attenuated by the knockdown of PLA2R1. Furthermore, the in vivo growth of DTC could be alleviated by the knockdown of PLA2R1. The mechanistic study revealed that PLA2R1 competed with FN1 for binding to ITGB1, inhibiting the FAK axis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We speculate that PLA2R1 might be a promising marker and a novel therapeutic target for thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Mengyu Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Dingwei Gao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Haidong Cai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhijun Cui
- Department of Medicine Imaging, the Chongming Branch of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhongwei Lv
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
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Treaster S, Deelen J, Daane JM, Murabito J, Karasik D, Harris MP. Convergent genomics of longevity in rockfishes highlights the genetics of human life span variation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd2743. [PMID: 36630509 PMCID: PMC9833670 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add2743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Longevity is a defining, heritable trait that varies dramatically between species. To resolve the genetic regulation of this trait, we have mined genomic variation in rockfishes, which range in longevity from 11 to over 205 years. Multiple shifts in rockfish longevity have occurred independently and in a short evolutionary time frame, thus empowering convergence analyses. Our analyses reveal a common network of genes under convergent evolution, encompassing established aging regulators such as insulin signaling, yet also identify flavonoid (aryl-hydrocarbon) metabolism as a pathway modulating longevity. The selective pressures on these pathways indicate the ancestral state of rockfishes was long lived and that the changes in short-lived lineages are adaptive. These pathways were also used to explore genome-wide association studies of human longevity, identifying the aryl-hydrocarbon metabolism pathway to be significantly associated with human survival to the 99th percentile. This evolutionary intersection defines and cross-validates a previously unappreciated genetic architecture that associates with the evolution of longevity across vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Treaster
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joris Deelen
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9b, D-50931 Köln, Germany
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jacob M. Daane
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston TX, USA
| | - Joanne Murabito
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - David Karasik
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
- Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew Senior Life, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew P. Harris
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Li Y, Yu J, Wang M, Cui Z, Zhao MH. Anti-phospholipase A2 receptor antibodies directly induced podocyte damage in vitro. Ren Fail 2022; 44:304-313. [PMID: 35333675 PMCID: PMC8959519 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2022.2039705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pathogenesis of primary membranous nephropathy (MN) involves the antibodies against antigens on the cell surface of podocytes, with the majority of M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R), and a profound podocyte dysfunction. The effects of anti-PLA2R antibodies directly to the podocytes remain unclear. Methods Anti-PLA2R antibodies from patients with PLA2R-associated MN were affinity-purified using a column coupled with recombinant human PLA2R protein. Their effects on conditionally immortalized human podocytes were assessed by apoptosis assays, cellular calcium detection, wound healing assay, and immunofluorescent staining. Proteomics analysis was performed by LC-MS/MS and on PANTHER database. Results The stimulation by anti-PLA2R antibodies could induce early-stage apoptosis of podocytes (MFI of Annexin V = 104.3 ± 19.2 vs. 36.7 ± 7.6, p = 0.004). The increase of calcium concentration in podocytes (MFI = 3309.3 ± 363.6 vs. 1776.3 ± 212.7, p = 0.015) might attribute to the endoplasmic reticulum calcium efflux. The expression of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMK4) was also increased (MFI = 134.4 ± 9.8 vs. 105.3 ± 10.1, p = 0.011). Proteomics results suggested that anti-PLA2R antibody treatment led to damage on cellular structure, and produced functional disorders on protein binding, actin filament binding, and microtubule motor activity. The staining of F-actin on foot process was reduced (MFI = 27.3 ± 2.8 vs. 47.5 ± 1.0, p = 0.001) and the motility and adherence capacity of podocytes were reduced (number of migrated cells = 44.7 ± 3.1 vs. 53.3 ± 4.9, p = 0.001) after incubation with anti-PLA2R antibodies. Conclusion These data indicate that anti-PLA2R antibodies may directly induce podocyte damage independent of the complement system, which expands the mechanism of anti-PLA2R antibodies on MN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfen Li
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Juntao Yu
- Kintor Pharmaceutical Limited, Suzhou, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Cui
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Hui Zhao
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
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Ivanušec A, Šribar J, Križaj I. Secreted Phospholipases A 2 - not just Enzymes: Revisited. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:873-888. [PMID: 35002531 PMCID: PMC8741859 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.68093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted phospholipases A2 (sPLA2s) participate in a very broad spectrum of biological processes through their enzymatic activity and as ligands for membrane and soluble receptors. The physiological roles of sPLA2s as enzymes have been very well described, while their functions as ligands are still poorly known. Since the last overview of sPLA2-binding proteins (sPLA2-BPs) 10 years ago, several important discoveries have occurred in this area. New and more sensitive analytical tools have enabled the discovery of additional sPLA2-BPs, which are presented and critically discussed here. The structural diversity of sPLA2-BPs reveals sPLA2s as very promiscuous proteins, and we offer some structural explanations for this nature that makes these proteins evolutionarily highly advantageous. Three areas of physiological engagement of sPLA2-BPs have appeared most clearly: cellular transport and signalling, and regulation of the enzymatic activity of sPLA2s. Due to the multifunctionality of sPLA2s, they appear to be exceptional pharmacological targets. We reveal the potential to exploit interactions of sPLA2s with other proteins in medical terms, for the development of original diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. We conclude this survey by suggesting the priority questions that need to be answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrijan Ivanušec
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Šribar
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Igor Križaj
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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7
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Barrón-Gallardo CA, Garcia-Chagollán M, Morán-Mendoza AJ, Delgadillo-Cristerna R, Martínez-Silva MG, Aguilar-Lemarroy A, Jave-Suárez LF. Transcriptomic Analysis of Breast Cancer Patients Sensitive and Resistant to Chemotherapy: Looking for Overall Survival and Drug Resistance Biomarkers. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338211068965. [PMID: 34981997 PMCID: PMC8733364 DOI: 10.1177/15330338211068965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide breast cancer ranks first in mortality and incidence rates in women over 20 years old. Rather than one disease, breast cancer is a heterogeneous group of diseases that express distinct molecular profiles. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is an important therapeutic strategy for breast cancer patients independently of their molecular subtype, with the drawback of resistance development. In addition, chemotherapy has adverse effects that combined with resistance could contribute to lower overall survival. Although great efforts have been made to find diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for breast cancer and for response to targeted and immune therapy for this pathology, little has been explored regarding biomarkers of response to anthracyclines and taxanes based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. This work aimed to evaluate the molecular profile of patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that could be used as biomarkers of chemotherapy response and overall survival. Breast cancer patients who were candidates for neoadjuvant chemotherapy were enrolled in this study. After treatment and according to their pathological response, they were assigned as sensitive or resistant. To evaluate DEGs, Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia Gene and Genome (KEGG), and protein–protein interactions, RNA-seq information from all patients was obtained by next-generation sequencing. A total of 1985 DEGs were found, and KEGG analysis indicated a great number of DEGs in metabolic pathways, pathways in cancer, cytokine–cytokine receptor interactions, and neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions. A selection of 73 DEGs was used further for an analysis of overall survival using the METABRIC study and the ductal carcinoma dataset of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Nine DEGs correlated with overall survival, of which the subexpression of C1QTNF3, CTF1, OLFML3, PLA2R1, PODN, KRT15, HLA-A, and the overexpression of TUBB and TCP1 were found in resistant patients and related to patients with lower overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Barrón-Gallardo
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Mariel Garcia-Chagollán
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Luis F Jave-Suárez
- 37767Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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Zhao H, Zhu S, Guo T, Han M, Chen B, Qiao G, Wu Y, Yuan C, Liu J, Lu Z, Sun W, Wang T, Li F, Zhang Y, Hou F, Yue Y, Yang B. Whole-genome re-sequencing association study on yearling wool traits in Chinese fine-wool sheep. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6319907. [PMID: 34255028 PMCID: PMC8418636 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci associated with yearling wool traits of fine-wool sheep for optimizing marker-assisted selection and dissection of the genetic architecture of wool traits, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) based on the fixed and random model circulating probability unification (FarmCPU) for yearling staple length (YSL), yearling mean fiber diameter (YFD), yearling greasy fleece weight (YGFW), and yearling clean fleece rate (YCFR) by using the whole-genome re-sequenced data (totaling 577 sheep) from the following four fine-wool sheep breeds in China: Alpine Merino sheep (AMS), Chinese Merino sheep (CMS), Qinghai fine-wool sheep (QHS), and Aohan fine-wool sheep (AHS). A total of 16 SNPs were detected above the genome-wise significant threshold (P = 5.45E-09), and 79 SNPs were located above the suggestive significance threshold (P = 5.00E-07) from the GWAS results. For YFD and YGFW traits, 7 and 9 SNPs reached the genome-wise significance thresholds, whereas 10 and 12 SNPs reached the suggestive significance threshold, respectively. For YSL and YCFR traits, none of the SNPs reached the genome-wise significance thresholds, whereas 57 SNPs exceeded the suggestive significance threshold. We recorded 14 genes located at the region of ±50-kb near the genome-wise significant SNPs and 59 genes located at the region of ±50-kb near the suggestive significant SNPs. Meanwhile, we used the Average Information Restricted Maximum likelihood algorithm (AI-REML) in the “HIBLUP” package to estimate the heritability and variance components of the four desired yearling wool traits. The estimated heritability values (h2) of YSL, YFD, YGFW, and YCFR were 0.6208, 0.7460, 0.6758, and 0.5559, respectively. We noted that the genetic parameters in this study can be used for fine-wool sheep breeding. The newly detected significant SNPs and the newly identified candidate genes in this study would enhance our understanding of yearling wool formation, and significant SNPs can be applied to genome selection in fine-wool sheep breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchang Zhao
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Shaohua Zhu
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Mei Han
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Bowen Chen
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Guoyan Qiao
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Chao Yuan
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Jianbin Liu
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Zengkui Lu
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Weibo Sun
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Tianxiang Wang
- Gansu Provincial Sheep Breeding Technology Extension Station, Sunan, 734031, China
| | - Fanwen Li
- Gansu Provincial Sheep Breeding Technology Extension Station, Sunan, 734031, China
| | - Yajun Zhang
- Xinjiang Gongnaisi Breeding Sheep Farm, Xinyuan, 835808, China
| | - Fujun Hou
- Aohan Banner Breeding Sheep Farm, Chifeng, 024300, China
| | - Yaojing Yue
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Bohui Yang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Lanzhou, 730050, China
- Corresponding author:
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9
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Large contribution of copy number alterations in early stage of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Comput Biol Med 2021; 135:104584. [PMID: 34171638 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) accounts for approximately 85% of patients with thyroid cancer. Despite its indolent nature, progression to higher stages is expected in a subgroup of patients. Hence, genomic characterization of the early stages of PTC may help to identify this subgroup, leading to better clinical management. Here, we conducted a comprehensive mutational and somatic copy number alteration (SCNA) investigation on 277 stage one PTC from TCGA. SCNA analysis revealed amplification and deletion of several cancer related genes. We found amplification of 60 oncogenes (Oncs), from which 15 were recurrently observed. Deletion of 58 tumor suppressors (TSs) was also detected. MAPK, PI3K-Akt, Rap1 and Ras were the signaling pathways with large numbers of amplified Oncs. On the other hand, deleted TSs belonged mostly to cell cycle, PI3K-Akt, mTOR and cellular senescence pathways. This suggests that despite heterogeneity in SCNA events, the final results would be the activation/deactivation of a few cancer signaling pathways. Of note, despite large amounts of heterogeneity in stage one PTC, recurrent broad deletion on Chr22 was detected in 21 individuals, leading to deletion of several tumor suppressors. In parallel, the oncogenic/pathogenic mutations in the RTK-RAS and PI3k-Akt pathways were detected. However, no pathogenic mutation was identified in known tumor suppressor genes. In order to identify a potential subgroup of BRAF (V600E) positive patients, who might progress to higher stages, low frequency mutations accompanying BRAF (V600E) were also identified. In conclusion, our findings imply that SCNA have a substantial contribution to early stages of PTC. Experimental validation of the observed genomic alterations could help to stratify patients at the time of diagnosis, and to move toward precision medicine in PTC.
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Wu R, Guo S, Lai S, Pan G, Zhang L, Liu H. A stable gene set for prediction of prognosis and efficacy of chemotherapy in gastric cancer. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:684. [PMID: 34112138 PMCID: PMC8194165 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08444-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is a primary reason for cancer death in the world. At present, GC has become a public health issue urgently to be solved to. Prediction of prognosis is critical to the development of clinical treatment regimens. This work aimed to construct the stable gene set for guiding GC diagnosis and treatment in clinic. Methods A public microarray dataset of TCGA providing clinical information was obtained. Dimensionality reduction was carried out by selection operator regression on the stable prognostic genes discovered through the bootstrap approach as well as survival analysis. Findings A total of 2 prognostic models were built, respectively designated as stable gene risk scores of OS (SGRS-OS) and stable gene risk scores of PFI (SGRS-PFI) consisting of 18 and 21 genes. The SGRS set potently predicted the overall survival (OS) along with progression-free interval (PFI) by means of univariate as well as multivariate analysis, using the specific risk scores formula. Relative to the TNM classification system, the SGRS set exhibited apparently higher predicting ability. Moreover, it was suggested that, patients who had increased SGRS were associated with poor chemotherapeutic outcomes. Interpretation The SGRS set constructed in this study potentially serves as the efficient approach for predicting GC patient survival and guiding their treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08444-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Sixuan Guo
- The Second Clinical College, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shuhui Lai
- The First Clinical College, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guixing Pan
- Shangrao Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Shangrao, Jiangxi, China
| | - Linyi Zhang
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huanbing Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
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Yair S, Lee KM, Coop G. The timing of human adaptation from Neanderthal introgression. Genetics 2021; 218:iyab052. [PMID: 33787889 PMCID: PMC8128397 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyab052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Admixture has the potential to facilitate adaptation by providing alleles that are immediately adaptive in a new environment or by simply increasing the long-term reservoir of genetic diversity for future adaptation. A growing number of cases of adaptive introgression are being identified in species across the tree of life, however the timing of selection, and therefore the importance of the different evolutionary roles of admixture, is typically unknown. Here, we investigate the spatio-temporal history of selection favoring Neanderthal-introgressed alleles in modern human populations. Using both ancient and present-day samples of modern humans, we integrate the known demographic history of populations, namely population divergence and migration, with tests for selection. We model how a sweep placed along different branches of an admixture graph acts to modify the variance and covariance in neutral allele frequencies among populations at linked loci. Using a method based on this model of allele frequencies, we study previously identified cases of adaptive Neanderthal introgression. From these, we identify cases in which Neanderthal-introgressed alleles were quickly beneficial and other cases in which they persisted at low frequency for some time. For some of the alleles that persisted at low frequency, we show that selection likely independently favored them later on in geographically separated populations. Our work highlights how admixture with ancient hominins has contributed to modern human adaptation and contextualizes observed levels of Neanderthal ancestry in present-day and ancient samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan Yair
- Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kristin M Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Graham Coop
- Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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12
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Huna A, Griveau A, Vindrieux D, Jaber S, Flaman JM, Goehrig D, Azzi L, Médard JJ, Djebali S, Hernandez-Vargas H, Dante R, Payen L, Marvel J, Bertolino P, Aubert S, Dubus P, Bernard D. PLA2R1 promotes DNA damage and inhibits spontaneous tumor formation during aging. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:190. [PMID: 33594040 PMCID: PMC7887270 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03468-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although aging is a major risk factor for most types of cancers, it is barely studied in this context. The transmembrane protein PLA2R1 (phospholipase A2 receptor) promotes cellular senescence, which can inhibit oncogene-induced tumor initiation. Functions and mechanisms of action of PLA2R1 during aging are largely unknown. In this study, we observed that old Pla2r1 knockout mice were more prone to spontaneously develop a wide spectrum of tumors compared to control littermates. Consistently, these knockout mice displayed increased Parp1, a master regulator of DNA damage repair, and decreased DNA damage, correlating with large human dataset analysis. Forced PLA2R1 expression in normal human cells decreased PARP1 expression, induced DNA damage and subsequent senescence, while the constitutive expression of PARP1 rescued cells from these PLA2R1-induced effects. Mechanistically, PARP1 expression is repressed by a ROS (reactive oxygen species)-Rb-dependent mechanism upon PLA2R1 expression. In conclusion, our results suggest that PLA2R1 suppresses aging-induced tumors by repressing PARP1, via a ROS-Rb signaling axis, and inducing DNA damage and its tumor suppressive responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anda Huna
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Audrey Griveau
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - David Vindrieux
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sara Jaber
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Michel Flaman
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Delphine Goehrig
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Lamia Azzi
- INSERM U1053 Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Médard
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sophia Djebali
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Hector Hernandez-Vargas
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Robert Dante
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Léa Payen
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jacqueline Marvel
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Bertolino
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sébastien Aubert
- Institut de Pathologie, Centre de Biologie Pathologie, CHRU de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Dubus
- INSERM U1053 Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Cedex, France
- Plateau cellules tissus, CHU de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - David Bernard
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.
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13
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Malignancy-associated membranous nephropathy with PLA2R double-positive for glomeruli and carcinoma. CEN Case Rep 2021; 10:281-286. [PMID: 33393071 DOI: 10.1007/s13730-020-00556-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) is the most common primary target antigen of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (MN) although PLA2R antibodies are also reported to be present in malignancy-associated MN. However, a case of PLA2R-positive MN secondary to PLA2R-positive carcinoma has not been reported. A 26-year-old Japanese woman presented with general fatigue, fever, and nonproductive cough. Computed tomography demonstrated a left kidney mass with pathologic diagnosis of Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma (RCC). After the second time of administration with Sunitinib, the patients exhibited significant proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia. Renal biopsy revealed a diagnosis of diffuse MN secondary to RCC. Immunofluorescence staining showed granular patterns positive for immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgA, and C3c. PLA2R and IgG1-3 were positive, while IgG4 was negative. For the treatment of severe nephrotic syndrome, we attempted steroid therapy without any clinical improvement. Open nephrectomy was performed and surprisingly, RCC was stained for PLA2R with polarity for the basal side. At outpatient follow-up, 4 months after the operation, urinary protein had still persisted, although serum albumin was slightly increased. We report a case of PLA2R-positive MN secondary to PLA2R-positive RCC.
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14
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Clinical Significance of Expression Changes and Promoter Methylation of PLA2R1 in Tissues of Breast Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155453. [PMID: 32751713 PMCID: PMC7432085 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase A2 receptor 1 (PLA2R1) expression and its role in the initiation and progression of breast cancer are an unresolved issue. PLA2R1 was found to endorse several tumor suppressive responses, including cellular senescence and apoptosis. Previous in vitro studies demonstrated that DNA hypermethylation was highly associated with the epigenetic silencing of PLA2R1 in breast cancer cell lines. Our objective was to study the level of PLA2R1 mRNA expression and the methylation of its promoter in different histological grades and molecular subtypes of breast cancer. We performed bioinformatics analyses on available human breast cancer expression datasets to assess the PLA2R1 mRNA expression. We used qRT-PCR to evaluate the PLA2R1 mRNA expression and its promoter’s methylation in breast cancer tissue in comparison to breast fibroadenomas. Our results describe, for the first time, the expression of PLA2R1 and the methylation of its promoter in human breast cancer tissues. A significant downregulation of PLA2R1, together with hypermethylation of the promoter was detected in breast cancers of different histological grades and molecular subtypes when compared to benign breast tissues. PLA2R1 promoter hypermethylation was associated with aggressive subtypes of breast cancer. In conclusion, PLA2R1 promoter hypermethylation is a potentially useful diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and could serve as a possible therapeutic target in breast cancer.
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15
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Generation of a conditional transgenic mouse model expressing human Phospholipase A2 Receptor 1. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8190. [PMID: 32424163 PMCID: PMC7235081 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64863-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Phospholipase A2 Receptor 1 (PLA2R1) was first identified for its ability to bind some secreted PLA2s (sPLA2s). It belongs to the C-type lectin superfamily and it binds different types of proteins. It is likely a multifunctional protein that plays a role i) in inflammation and inflammatory diseases, ii) in cellular senescence, a mechanism participating in aging and age-related diseases including cancer, and iii) in membranous nephropathy (MN), a rare autoimmune kidney disease where PLA2R1 is the major autoantigen. To help study the role of PLA2R1 in these pathophysiological conditions, we have generated a versatile NeoR-hPLA2R1 conditional transgenic mice which will allow the specific expression of human PLA2R1 (hPLA2R1) in relevant organs and cells following Cre recombinase-driven excision of the NeoR-stop cassette flanked by LoxP sites. Proof-of-concept breeding of NeoR-hPLA2R1 mice with the ubiquitous adenoviral EIIa promoter-driven Cre mouse line resulted in the expected excision of the NeoR-stop cassette and the expression of hPLA2R1 in all tested tissues. These Tg-hPLA2R1 animals breed normally, with no reproduction or apparent growth defect. These models, especially the NeoR-hPLA2R1 conditional transgenic mouse line, will facilitate the future investigation of PLA2R1 functions in relevant pathophysiological contexts, including inflammatory diseases, age-related diseases and MN.
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16
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Griveau A, Wiel C, Ziegler DV, Bergo MO, Bernard D. The JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib delays premature aging phenotypes. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13122. [PMID: 32196928 PMCID: PMC7189991 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is caused by an LMNA mutation that results in the production of the abnormal progerin protein. Children with HGPS display phenotypes of premature aging and have an average lifespan of 13 years. We found earlier that the targeting of the transmembrane protein PLA2R1 overcomes senescence and improves phenotypes in a mouse model of progeria. PLA2R1 is regulating the JAK/STAT signaling, but we do not yet know whether targeting this pathway directly would influence cellular and in vivo progeria phenotypes. Here, we show that JAK1/2 inhibition with ruxolitinib rescues progerin‐induced cell cycle arrest, cellular senescence, and misshapen nuclei in human normal fibroblasts expressing progerin. Moreover, ruxolitinib administration reduces several premature aging phenotypes: bone fractures, bone mineral content, grip strength, and a trend to increase survival in a mouse model of progeria. Thus, we propose that ruxolitinib, an FDA‐approved drug, should be further evaluated as a drug candidate in HGPS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Griveau
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon Inserm U1052 CNRS UMR 5286 Centre Léon Bérard Université de Lyon Lyon France
| | - Clotilde Wiel
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition Karolinska Institutet Huddinge Sweden
| | - Dorian V. Ziegler
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon Inserm U1052 CNRS UMR 5286 Centre Léon Bérard Université de Lyon Lyon France
| | - Martin O. Bergo
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition Karolinska Institutet Huddinge Sweden
| | - David Bernard
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon Inserm U1052 CNRS UMR 5286 Centre Léon Bérard Université de Lyon Lyon France
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17
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Johnson AA, Stolzing A. The role of lipid metabolism in aging, lifespan regulation, and age-related disease. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e13048. [PMID: 31560163 PMCID: PMC6826135 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An emerging body of data suggests that lipid metabolism has an important role to play in the aging process. Indeed, a plethora of dietary, pharmacological, genetic, and surgical lipid‐related interventions extend lifespan in nematodes, fruit flies, mice, and rats. For example, the impairment of genes involved in ceramide and sphingolipid synthesis extends lifespan in both worms and flies. The overexpression of fatty acid amide hydrolase or lysosomal lipase prolongs life in Caenorhabditis elegans, while the overexpression of diacylglycerol lipase enhances longevity in both C. elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. The surgical removal of adipose tissue extends lifespan in rats, and increased expression of apolipoprotein D enhances survival in both flies and mice. Mouse lifespan can be additionally extended by the genetic deletion of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1, treatment with the steroid 17‐α‐estradiol, or a ketogenic diet. Moreover, deletion of the phospholipase A2 receptor improves various healthspan parameters in a progeria mouse model. Genome‐wide association studies have found several lipid‐related variants to be associated with human aging. For example, the epsilon 2 and epsilon 4 alleles of apolipoprotein E are associated with extreme longevity and late‐onset neurodegenerative disease, respectively. In humans, blood triglyceride levels tend to increase, while blood lysophosphatidylcholine levels tend to decrease with age. Specific sphingolipid and phospholipid blood profiles have also been shown to change with age and are associated with exceptional human longevity. These data suggest that lipid‐related interventions may improve human healthspan and that blood lipids likely represent a rich source of human aging biomarkers.
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18
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Altered Metabolism of Phospholipases, Diacylglycerols, Endocannabinoids, and N-Acylethanolamines in Patients with Mastocytosis. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:5836476. [PMID: 31355297 PMCID: PMC6636572 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5836476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mastocytosis is a condition characterized by the expansion and accumulation of mast cells (MCs) in various organs. The symptoms are related to the increased release of MC-derived mediators that exert local and distant effects. MCs are a source and target of phospholipase enzymes (PLs), which catalyze the cleavage of membrane phospholipids releasing lipid mediators (e.g., diacylglycerols (DAGs) and the endocannabinoid (EC) 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)). To date, there are no data on the role of these lipid mediators in mastocytosis. Here, we analyzed plasma levels of PLA2, PLC, DAG, ECs, and EC-related N-acylethanolamines in patients with mastocytosis. Methods In 23 patients with mastocytosis and 23 healthy individuals, we measured plasma PLA2 and PLC activities, DAG, 2-AG, anandamide (AEA), palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), and oleoylethanolamide (OEA). Results Plasma PLA2 and PLC activities were increased in mastocytosis patients compared to controls. Concentrations of DAG (18:1 20:4 and 18:0 20:4), two second messengers produced by PLC, were higher in mastocytosis compared to controls, whereas the concentrations of their metabolite, 2-AG, were not altered. AEA was decreased in mastocytosis patients compared to controls; by contrast, AEA congener, PEA, was increased. PLA2 and PLC activities were increased only in patients with mediator-related symptoms. Moreover, PLC activity was positively correlated with disease severity and tryptase concentrations. By contrast, AEA was negatively correlated with tryptase concentrations. Conclusions PLs and some lipid mediators are altered in patients with mastocytosis. Our results may pave the way for investigating the functions of these mediators in the pathophysiology of mastocytosis and provide new potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Camuzi D, de Amorim ÍSS, Ribeiro Pinto LF, Oliveira Trivilin L, Mencalha AL, Soares Lima SC. Regulation Is in the Air: The Relationship between Hypoxia and Epigenetics in Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040300. [PMID: 30939818 PMCID: PMC6523720 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is an inherent condition of tumors and contributes to cancer development and progression. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are the major transcription factors involved in response to low O2 levels, orchestrating the expression of hundreds of genes involved in cancer hallmarks’ acquisition and modulation of epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetics refers to inheritable mechanisms responsible for regulating gene expression, including genes involved in the hypoxia response, without altering the sequence of DNA bases. The main epigenetic mechanisms are DNA methylation, non-coding RNAs, and histone modifications. These mechanisms are highly influenced by cell microenvironment, such as O2 levels. The balance and interaction between these pathways is essential for homeostasis and is directly linked to cellular metabolism. Some of the major players in the regulation of HIFs, such as prolyl hydroxylases, DNA methylation regulators, and histone modifiers require oxygen as a substrate, or have metabolic intermediates as cofactors, whose levels are altered during hypoxia. Furthermore, during pathological hypoxia, HIFs’ targets as well as alterations in epigenetic patterns impact several pathways linked to tumorigenesis, such as proliferation and apoptosis, among other hallmarks. Therefore, this review aims to elucidate the intricate relationship between hypoxia and epigenetic mechanisms, and its crucial impact on the acquisition of cancer hallmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Camuzi
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro CEP 20231-050, Brazil.
| | - Ísis Salviano Soares de Amorim
- Laboratório de Biologia do Câncer (LABICAN), Departamento de Biofisica e Biometria (DBB), Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes (IBRAG), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro CEP 20511-010, Brazil.
| | - Luis Felipe Ribeiro Pinto
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro CEP 20231-050, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Trivilin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Espírito Santo CEP 29500-000, Brazil.
| | - André Luiz Mencalha
- Laboratório de Biologia do Câncer (LABICAN), Departamento de Biofisica e Biometria (DBB), Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes (IBRAG), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro CEP 20511-010, Brazil.
| | - Sheila Coelho Soares Lima
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro CEP 20231-050, Brazil.
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Griveau A, Wiel C, Le Calvé B, Ziegler DV, Djebali S, Warnier M, Martin N, Marvel J, Vindrieux D, Bergo MO, Bernard D. Targeting the phospholipase A2 receptor ameliorates premature aging phenotypes. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12835. [PMID: 30216637 PMCID: PMC6260922 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a lethal premature aging that recapitulates many normal aging characteristics. This disorder is caused by mutation in the LMNA gene leading to the production of progerin which induces misshapen nuclei, cellular senescence, and aging. We previously showed that the phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R1) promotes senescence induced by replicative, oxidative, and oncogenic stress but its role during progerin‐induced senescence and in progeria is currently unknown. Here, we show that knockdown of PLA2R1 prevented senescence induced by progerin expression in human fibroblasts and markedly delayed senescence of HGPS patient‐derived fibroblasts. Whole‐body knockout of Pla2r1 in a mouse model of progeria decreased some premature aging phenotypes, such as rib fracture and decreased bone content, together with decreased senescence marker. Progerin‐expressing human fibroblasts exhibited a high frequency of misshapen nuclei and increased farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS) expression compared to controls; knockdown of PLA2R1 reduced the frequency of misshapen nuclei and normalized FDPS expression. Pamidronate, a FDPS inhibitor, also reduced senescence and misshapen nuclei. Downstream of PLA2R1, we found that p53 mediated the progerin‐induced increase in FDPS expression and in misshapen nuclei. These results suggest that PLA2R1 mediates key premature aging phenotypes through a p53/FDPS pathway and might be a new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Griveau
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard; Université de Lyon; Lyon France
| | - Clotilde Wiel
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition; Karolinska Institutet; Huddinge Sweden
| | - Benjamin Le Calvé
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard; Université de Lyon; Lyon France
| | - Dorian V. Ziegler
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard; Université de Lyon; Lyon France
| | - Sophia Djebali
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon; Université de Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Lyon France
| | - Marine Warnier
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard; Université de Lyon; Lyon France
| | - Nadine Martin
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard; Université de Lyon; Lyon France
| | - Jacqueline Marvel
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon; Université de Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Lyon France
| | - David Vindrieux
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard; Université de Lyon; Lyon France
| | - Martin O. Bergo
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition; Karolinska Institutet; Huddinge Sweden
| | - David Bernard
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard; Université de Lyon; Lyon France
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21
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Menschikowski M, Jandeck C, Friedemann M, Nacke B, Hantsche S, Tiebel O, Sukocheva O, Hagelgans A. Identification of rare levels of methylated tumor DNA fragments using an optimized bias based pre-amplification-digital droplet PCR (OBBPA-ddPCR). Oncotarget 2018; 9:36137-36150. [PMID: 30546833 PMCID: PMC6281424 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The analysis of aberrant DNA methylations is used for the diagnosis of cancer as significant changes in the gene methylation pattern are often detected during early carcinogenesis. In this study, we evaluated the performance of a two-step method that combines pre-amplification with ddPCR technique. RESULTS By using ddPCR, the dependence of amplification efficiency for methylated and unmethylated DNA fragments on the relevant MgCl2 concentration and the annealing temperature was established in addition to the primer design. We found that the efficiency can be adjusted toward methylated sequences by using primers covering one to four CpG sites under appropriately selected MgCl2 concentration and annealing temperature. Applying a PCR bias between 85% and 95%, five copies of methylated tumor DNA fragments were detected against a background of 700,000 copies of unmethylated DNA fragments with a high signal-to-noise ratio. The analysis of serum samples from patients with prostate cancer showed a significantly improved performance of the new method in comparison with the MS-HRM technique, ddPCR alone, or ddPCR in combination with an unbiased pre-amplification using methylation-independent primers. CONCLUSIONS We define this method as an optimized bias-based pre-amplification-digital droplet PCR (OBBPA-ddPCR) technique. This novel method is recommended for the early detection of cancer-specific DNA methylation biomarkers in the form of a liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Menschikowski
- 1 Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Jandeck
- 1 Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Markus Friedemann
- 1 Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Brit Nacke
- 1 Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Saskia Hantsche
- 1 Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver Tiebel
- 1 Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Olga Sukocheva
- 2 School of Health Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Albert Hagelgans
- 1 Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Friedemann M, Nacke B, Hagelgans A, Jandeck C, Bechmann N, Ullrich M, Belter B, Neuber C, Sukocheva O, Pietzsch J, Menschikowski M. Diverse effects of phospholipase A2 receptor expression on LNCaP and PC-3 prostate cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2018; 9:35983-35996. [PMID: 30542512 PMCID: PMC6267604 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological and pathophysiological functions of the phospholipase A2 receptor 1 (PLA2R1) are still not completely understood. To elucidate PLA2R1’s function in prostate carcinoma, the receptor was ectopically overexpressed in LNCaP with silenced PLA2R1, and diminished in PC-3 cells with constitutively increased PLA2R1 expression relative to normal prostate epithelial cells. LNCaP cells were transfected to overexpress PLA2R1 (LNCaP-PLA2R1) and compared to control vector transfected cells (LNCaP-Ctrl). Alternatively, a CRISPR/Cas9-knockdown of PLA2R1 was achieved in PC-3 cells (PC-3 KD) and compared to the corresponding control-transfected cells (PC-3 Ctrl). The impact of PLA2R1 expression on proliferative and metastatic parameters was analysed in vitro. A pilot in vivo study addressed the effects of PLA2R1 in mice xenografted with transfected LNCaP and PC-3 cells. Cell viability/proliferation and motility were significantly increased in LNCaP-PLA2R1 and PC-3 Ctrl compared to LNCaP-Ctrl and PC-3 KD cells, respectively. However, levels of apoptosis, clonogenicity and cell invasion were reduced in LNCaP-PLA2R1 and PC-3 Ctrl cells. Gene expression analysis revealed an up-regulation of fibronectin 1 (FN1), TWIST homolog 1 (TWIST1), and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) in LNCaP-PLA2R1. In LNCaP xenografts, PLA2R1-dependent regulation of clonogenicity appeared to outweigh the receptor’s pro-oncogenic properties, resulting in decreased tumour growth, supporting the tumour-suppressive role of PLA2R1. Alternatively, PC-3 Ctrl xenografts exhibited faster tumour growth compared to PC-3 KD cells, suggesting a pro-oncogenic effect of endogenous PLA2R1 expression. The differential growth-regulatory effects of PLA2R1 may be mediated by FN1, TWIST1, and CDK6 expression, although further investigation is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Friedemann
- Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital Dresden, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Brit Nacke
- Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital Dresden, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Albert Hagelgans
- Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital Dresden, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Jandeck
- Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital Dresden, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicole Bechmann
- Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital Dresden, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Ullrich
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Birgit Belter
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christin Neuber
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Olga Sukocheva
- School of Health Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park 5042, Australia
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, 01328 Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mario Menschikowski
- Technische Universität Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital Dresden, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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23
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Menschikowski M, Jandeck C, Friedemann M, Richter S, Thiem D, Lange BS, Suttorp M. Identification and Quantification of Heterogeneously-methylated DNA Fragments Using Epiallele-sensitive Droplet Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction (EAST-ddPCR). Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2018; 15:299-312. [PMID: 29976635 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM DNA methylation plays an important role in the initiation and propagation of carcinogenesis; however, the role of heterogeneously methylated epialleles is currently not well studied, also due to the lack of sensitive, unbiased and high throughput methods. Here, a newly developed droplet digital PCR (ddPCR)-based method was evaluated regarding its ability to quantify such heterogeneously methylated epialleles with sufficient analytical sensitivity and specificity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Genomic DNA from blood leukocytes and bone marrow aspirate of an 8-year old male with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and from normal and malignant prostate cell lines were analysed using ddPCR. RESULTS By using these DNA samples, the specificity of an applied set of fluorescence-labeled probes was demonstrated as a proof of concept. CONCLUSION All individual heterogeneously-methylated epialleles were quantifiable by a set of fluorescence-labeled probes with complementary sequences to epialleles in a closed-tube and high-throughput manner. The new method named epiallele-sensitive droplet digital PCR (EAST-ddPCR) may give new insights in the generation and regulation of epialleles and may help in finding new biomarkers for the diagnosis of benign und malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Menschikowski
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital "Carl Gustav Carus", Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Jandeck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital "Carl Gustav Carus", Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Markus Friedemann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital "Carl Gustav Carus", Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susan Richter
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital "Carl Gustav Carus", Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dana Thiem
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital "Carl Gustav Carus", Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Björn Sönke Lange
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital "Carl Gustav Carus", Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Meinolf Suttorp
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital "Carl Gustav Carus", Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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24
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Loffredo S, Ferrara AL, Bova M, Borriello F, Suffritti C, Veszeli N, Petraroli A, Galdiero MR, Varricchi G, Granata F, Zanichelli A, Farkas H, Cicardi M, Lambeau G, Marone G. Secreted Phospholipases A 2 in Hereditary Angioedema With C1-Inhibitor Deficiency. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1721. [PMID: 30083168 PMCID: PMC6064723 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hereditary angioedema (HAE) caused by deficiency (type I) or dysfunction (type II) of the C1 inhibitor protein (C1-INH-HAE) is a disabling, potentially fatal condition characterized by recurrent episodes of swelling. We have recently found that patients with C1-INH-HAE have increased plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factors and angiopoietins (Angs), which have been associated with vascular permeability in several diseases. Among these and other factors, blood endothelial cells and vascular permeability can be modulated by extracellular or secreted phospholipases A2 (sPLA2s). Objective We sought to investigate the enzymatic activity and biological functions of sPLA2 in patients with C1-INH-HAE. Methods sPLA2s enzymatic activity was evaluated in the plasma from 109 adult patients with C1-INH-HAE and 68 healthy donors in symptom-free period and attacks. Plasma level of group IIA sPLA2 (hGIIA) protein was measured in selected samples. The effect of C1-INH-HAE plasma on endothelial permeability was examined in vitro using a vascular permeability assay. The role of hGIIA was determined using highly specific sPLA2 indole inhibitors. The effect of recombinant hGIIA on C1-INH activity was examined in vitro by functional assay. Results Plasma sPLA2 activity and hGIIA levels are increased in symptom-free C1-INH-HAE patients compared with controls. sPLA2 activity negatively correlates with C1-INH protein level and function. C1-INH-HAE plasma increases endothelial permeability in vitro, and this effect is partially reverted by a specific hGIIA enzymatic inhibitor. Finally, recombinant hGIIA inhibits C1-INH activity in vitro. Conclusion sPLA2 enzymatic activity (likely attributable to hGIIA), which is increased in C1-INH-HAE patients, can promote vascular permeability and impairs C1-INH activity. Our results may pave the way for investigating the functions of sPLA2s (in particular, hGIIA) in the pathophysiology of C1-INH-HAE and may inform the development of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Loffredo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Anne Lise Ferrara
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Bova
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Borriello
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy.,Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Chiara Suffritti
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Luigi Sacco Hospital Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Nóra Veszeli
- Hungarian Angioedema Center, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Angelica Petraroli
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Galdiero
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Francescopaolo Granata
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Zanichelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Luigi Sacco Hospital Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Henriette Farkas
- Hungarian Angioedema Center, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marco Cicardi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Luigi Sacco Hospital Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gérard Lambeau
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Research Council, Naples, Italy
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25
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Herrero MJ, Gitton Y. The untold stories of the speech gene, the FOXP2 cancer gene. Genes Cancer 2018; 9:11-38. [PMID: 29725501 PMCID: PMC5931254 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
FOXP2 encodes a transcription factor involved in speech and language acquisition. Growing evidence now suggests that dysregulated FOXP2 activity may also be instrumental in human oncogenesis, along the lines of other cardinal developmental transcription factors such as DLX5 and DLX6 [1-4]. Several FOXP familymembers are directly involved during cancer initiation, maintenance and progression in the adult [5-8]. This may comprise either a pro-oncogenic activity or a deficient tumor-suppressor role, depending upon cell types and associated signaling pathways. While FOXP2 is expressed in numerous cell types, its expression has been found to be down-regulated in breast cancer [9], hepatocellular carcinoma [8] and gastric cancer biopsies [10]. Conversely, overexpressed FOXP2 has been reported in multiple myelomas, MGUS (Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance), several subtypes of lymphomas [5,11], as well as in neuroblastomas [12] and ERG fusion-negative prostate cancers [13]. According to functional evidences reported in breast cancer [9] and survey of recent transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of different tumor biopsies, we postulate that FOXP2 dysregulation may play a main role throughout cancer initiation and progression. In some cancer conditions, FOXP2 levels are now considered as a critical diagnostic marker of neoplastic cells, and in many situations, they even bear strong prognostic value [5]. Whether FOXP2 may further become a therapeutic target is an actively explored lead. Knowledge reviewed here may help improve our understanding of FOXP2 roles during oncogenesis and provide cues for diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jesus Herrero
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Medical Center, NW, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yorick Gitton
- Sorbonne University, INSERM, CNRS, Vision Institute Research Center, Paris, France
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26
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PLA 2R binds to the annexin A2-S100A10 complex in human podocytes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6876. [PMID: 28761153 PMCID: PMC5537237 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07028-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) is a member of the mannose receptor family found in podocytes in human kidney. PLA2R is the target of the autoimmune disease, membranous nephropathy, characterised by production of anti-PLA2R autoantibodies which bind to the podocyte. However the function of PLA2R in health and in disease remains unclear. To gain insight into the molecular mechanisms of PLA2R function, we searched for its endogenous binding partners. Proteomic analysis identified annexinA2 as a potential interactor with the extracellular domains of PLA2R. We confirmed that PLA2R binds to annexinA2-S100A10 (A2t) complex with specific high affinity to the S100A10 component. The binding occured within the PLA2R NC3 fragment and was increased in acidic pH. Furthermore Ca2+ promoted the association of the PLA2R-A2t complex with phospholipid membranes in vitro. Within the podocyte, all three proteins were enriched in the plasma membrane and organelle membrane compartments. PLA2R co-localised with S100A10 at the cell surface and in extracellular vesicles. This novel interaction between PLA2R and the A2t complex offers insights into the role of PLA2R in podocytes and how autoantibodies might disrupt PLA2R function. The ability of podocytes to secrete vesicles containing PLA2R provides a route for engagement of PLA2R with the immune system.
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27
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Abstract
The phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) and thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing 7A (THSD7A) are the two major autoantigens in primary membranous nephropathy (MN), and define two molecular subclasses of this disease. Both proteins are large transmembrane glycoproteins expressed by the podocyte, and both induce IgG4-predominant humoral immune responses that produce circulating autoantibodies that can be used clinically for diagnostic and monitoring purposes. The biologic roles of these proteins remain speculative, although several features of THSD7A suggest a role in adhesion. PLA2R-associated MN was initially found to associate with risk alleles within HLA-DQA1, but subsequent studies have shifted the focus to the HLA-DRB locus. Three distinct humoral epitope-containing regions have been defined within the extracellular portion of PLA2R, and it appears that the number of targeted epitopes may determine disease severity. Although similar information is not yet available for THSD7A-associated MN, this form of MN may have a unique association with malignancy. Finally, it appears likely that other autoantigens in primary MN exist. Although protocols similar to those that identified PLA2R and THSD7A may be successful in the identification of novel antigenic targets in MN, newer techniques such as laser-capture mass spectrometry or protein arrays may be helpful as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence H Beck
- Renal Section, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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28
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The Molecular Basis of Toxins' Interactions with Intracellular Signaling via Discrete Portals. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9030107. [PMID: 28300784 PMCID: PMC5371862 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9030107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which microbial, plant or animal-secreted toxins exert their action provides the most important element for assessment of human health risks and opens new insights into therapies addressing a plethora of pathologies, ranging from neurological disorders to cancer, using toxinomimetic agents. Recently, molecular and cellular biology dissecting tools have provided a wealth of information on the action of these diverse toxins, yet, an integrated framework to explain their selective toxicity is still lacking. In this review, specific examples of different toxins are emphasized to illustrate the fundamental mechanisms of toxicity at different biochemical, molecular and cellular- levels with particular consideration for the nervous system. The target of primary action has been highlighted and operationally classified into 13 sub-categories. Selected examples of toxins were assigned to each target category, denominated as portal, and the modulation of the different portal’s signaling was featured. The first portal encompasses the plasma membrane lipid domains, which give rise to pores when challenged for example with pardaxin, a fish toxin, or is subject to degradation when enzymes of lipid metabolism such as phospholipases A2 (PLA2) or phospholipase C (PLC) act upon it. Several major portals consist of ion channels, pumps, transporters and ligand gated ionotropic receptors which many toxins act on, disturbing the intracellular ion homeostasis. Another group of portals consists of G-protein-coupled and tyrosine kinase receptors that, upon interaction with discrete toxins, alter second messengers towards pathological levels. Lastly, subcellular organelles such as mitochondria, nucleus, protein- and RNA-synthesis machineries, cytoskeletal networks and exocytic vesicles are also portals targeted and deregulated by other diverse group of toxins. A fundamental concept can be drawn from these seemingly different toxins with respect to the site of action and the secondary messengers and signaling cascades they trigger in the host. While the interaction with the initial portal is largely determined by the chemical nature of the toxin, once inside the cell, several ubiquitous second messengers and protein kinases/ phosphatases pathways are impaired, to attain toxicity. Therefore, toxins represent one of the most promising natural molecules for developing novel therapeutics that selectively target the major cellular portals involved in human physiology and diseases.
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29
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Fouladi F, Steffen KJ, Mallik S. Enzyme-Responsive Liposomes for the Delivery of Anticancer Drugs. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:857-868. [PMID: 28201868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes are nanocarriers that deliver the payloads at the target site, leading to therapeutic drug concentrations at the diseased site and reduced toxic effects in healthy tissues. Several approaches have been used to enhance the ability of the nanocarrier to target the specific tissues, including ligand-targeted liposomes and stimuli-responsive liposomes. Ligand-targeted liposomes exhibit higher uptake by the target tissue due to the targeting ligand attached to the surface, while the stimuli-responsive liposomes do not release their cargo unless they expose to an endogenous or exogenous stimulant at the target site. In this review, we mainly focus on the liposomes that are responsive to pathologically increased levels of enzymes at the target site. Enzyme-responsive liposomes release their cargo upon contact with the enzyme through several destabilization mechanisms: (1) structural perturbation in the lipid bilayer, (2) removal of a shielding polymer from the surface and increased cellular uptake, (3) cleavage of a lipopeptide or lipopolymer incorporated in the bilayer, and (4) activation of a prodrug in the liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Fouladi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University , Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Kristine J Steffen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University , Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Sanku Mallik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University , Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
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30
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Loffredo S, Borriello F, Iannone R, Ferrara AL, Galdiero MR, Gigantino V, Esposito P, Varricchi G, Lambeau G, Cassatella MA, Granata F, Marone G. Group V Secreted Phospholipase A 2 Induces the Release of Proangiogenic and Antiangiogenic Factors by Human Neutrophils. Front Immunol 2017; 8:443. [PMID: 28458672 PMCID: PMC5394767 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Secreted phospholipases A2 (sPLA2s) are extracellular enzymes that catalyze the release of free fatty acids and lysophospholipids from membrane phospholipids and also bind to different receptors (e.g., PLA2R1 or integrins). To date, 12 mammalian sPLA2s have been identified, which play a critical role in pathophysiological processes including inflammation and cancer. sPLA2s activate immune cells such as human neutrophils (PMNs) by enzymatic activity- or receptor-mediated mechanisms. In addition, human PMNs synthesize and store human group V (hGV) and human group X (hGX) sPLA2s in their granules, but only the former is released upon cellular activation. We investigated the effects of sPLA2s on the release of proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors by PMNs. We found that exogenous hGV and hGX sPLA2s induce the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, angiopoietin 1 (Ang1), and CXCL8/IL-8. Only hGV induces the secretion of the antiangiogenic isoform of VEGF-A, namely, VEGF-A165b. While the release of VEGF-A, Ang1, and CXCL8/IL-8 was likely mediated by hGV enzymatic activity and/or binding to PLA2R1 and heparan sulfate proteoglycans, the release of VEGF-A165b requires the interaction with αVβ3 and α4β1 integrins. We also provide evidence that endogenous hGV released by N-formyl-met-leu-phe (fMLF)-activated PMNs is involved in the release of angiogenic factors. The translational relevance of these data is supported by our findings that hGV expression is increased in human samples of lung cancer which are infiltrated by PMNs. Overall, our results suggest that the hGV-neutrophil axis may play a relevant role in the modulation of cancer-related inflammation and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Loffredo
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Stefania Loffredo, ; Gianni Marone,
| | - Francesco Borriello
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raffaella Iannone
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anne L. Ferrara
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria R. Galdiero
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Gigantino
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Esposito
- U.O.C. Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gerard Lambeau
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d’Azur, Valbonne Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Marco A. Cassatella
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francescopaolo Granata
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CNR Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Stefania Loffredo, ; Gianni Marone,
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31
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Menschikowski M, Hagelgans A, Nacke B, Jandeck C, Mareninova OA, Asatryan L, Siegert G. Epigenetic control of group V phospholipase A2 expression in human malignant cells. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:8097-105. [PMID: 26715269 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4670-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted phospholipases A2 (sPLA2) are suggested to play an important role in inflammation and tumorigenesis. Different mechanisms of epigenetic regulation are involved in the control of group IIA, III and X sPLA2s expression in cancer cells, but group V sPLA2 (GV-PLA2) in this respect has not been studied. Here, we demonstrate the role of epigenetic mechanisms in regulation of GV-PLA2 expression in different cell lines originating from leukaemia and solid cancers. In blood leukocytes from leukaemic patients, levels of GV-PLA2 transcripts were significantly lower in comparison to those from healthy individuals. Similarly, in DU-145 and PC-3 prostate and CAL-51 and MCF-7 mammary cancer cell lines, levels of GV-PLA2 transcripts were significantly lower in relation to those found in normal epithelial cells of prostate or mammary. By sequencing and methylation-specific high-resolution melting (MS-HRM) analyses of bisulphite-modified DNA, distinct CpG sites in the GV-PLA2 promoter region were identified that were differentially methylated in cancer cells in comparison to normal epithelial and endothelial cells. Spearman rank order analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between the methylation degree and the cellular expression of GV-PLA2 (r = -0.697; p = 0.01). The effects of demethylating agent (5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine) and histone deacetylase inhibitor (trichostatin A) on GV-PLA2 transcription in the analysed cells confirmed the importance of DNA methylation and histone modification in the regulation of the GV-PLA2 gene expression in leukaemic, prostate and mammary cancer cell lines. The exposure of tumour cells to human recombinant GV-PLA2 resulted in a reduced colony forming activity of MCF-7, HepG2 and PC-3 cells, but not of DU-145 cells suggesting a cell-type-dependent effect of GV-PLA2 on cell growth. In conclusion, our results suggest that epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone modification play an important role in downregulation of GV-PLA2 expression in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Menschikowski
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technical University of Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Albert Hagelgans
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technical University of Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Brit Nacke
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technical University of Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Jandeck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technical University of Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Olga A Mareninova
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Liana Asatryan
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, USC School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gabriele Siegert
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technical University of Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
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Menschikowski M, Hagelgans A, Nacke B, Jandeck C, Sukocheva O, Siegert G. Epigenetic control of phospholipase A2 receptor expression in mammary cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:971. [PMID: 26672991 PMCID: PMC4682251 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1937-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has recently been proposed that the M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R1) acts as a tumour suppressor in certain malignancies including mammary cancer. Considering that DNA methylation is an important regulator of gene transcription during carcinogenesis, in the current study we analyzed the PLA2R1 expression, PLA2R1 promoter methylation, and selected micro RNA (miRNA) levels in normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) and cancer cell lines. METHODS Levels of PLA2R1 and DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) specific mRNA were determined using real-time RT-PCR. Methylation specific-high resolution melting (MS-HRM) analysis was utilized to quantify the methylation degree of selected CpG sites localized in the promoter region of the PLA2R1 gene. Expression of miRNA was tested using miScript Primer Assay system. RESULTS Nearly complete methylation of the analyzed PLA2R1 promoter region along with PLA2R1 gene silencing was identified in MDA-MB-453 mammary cancer cells. In MCF-7 and BT-474 mammary cancer cell lines, a higher DNA methylation degree and reduced PLA2R1 expression were found in comparison with those in normal HMEC. Synergistic effects of demethylating agent (5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine) and histone deacetylase inhibitor (trichostatin A) on PLA2R1 transcription in MDA-MB-453 cells confirmed the importance of DNA methylation and histone modification in the regulation of the PLA2R1 gene expression in mammary cells. Furthermore, significant positive correlation between the expression of DNMT1 and PLA2R1 gene methylation and negative correlation between the cellular levels of hsa-mir-141, -181b, and -181d-1 and the expression of PLA2R1 were identified in the analyzed cells. Analysis of combined z-score of miR-23b, -154 and -302d demonstrated a strong and significant positive correlation with PLA2R1 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that (i) PLA2R1 expression in breast cancer cells is controlled by DNA methylation and histone modifications, (ii) hypermethylation of the PLA2R1 promoter region is associated with up-regulation of DNMT1, and (iii) hsa-miR-23b, -154, and -302d, as well as hsa-miR-141, -181b, and -181d-1 are potential candidates for post-transcriptional regulation of PLA2R1 expression in mammary cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Menschikowski
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty "Carl Gustav Carus", Technical University of Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Albert Hagelgans
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty "Carl Gustav Carus", Technical University of Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Brit Nacke
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty "Carl Gustav Carus", Technical University of Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Carsten Jandeck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty "Carl Gustav Carus", Technical University of Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Olga Sukocheva
- School of Health Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia.
| | - Gabriele Siegert
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty "Carl Gustav Carus", Technical University of Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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pH-Dependent recognition of apoptotic and necrotic cells by the human dendritic cell receptor DEC205. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:7237-42. [PMID: 26039988 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1505924112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells play important roles in regulating innate and adaptive immune responses. DEC205 (CD205) is one of the major endocytotic receptors on dendritic cells and has been widely used for vaccine generation against viruses and tumors. However, little is known about its structure and functional mechanism. Here we determine the structure of the human DEC205 ectodomain by cryoelectron microscopy. The structure shows that the 12 extracellular domains form a compact double ring-shaped conformation at acidic pH and become extended at basic pH. Biochemical data indicate that the pH-dependent conformational change of DEC205 is correlated with ligand binding and release. DEC205 only binds to apoptotic and necrotic cells at acidic pH, whereas live cells cannot be recognized by DEC205 at either acidic or basic conditions. These results suggest that DEC205 is an immune receptor that recognizes apoptotic and necrotic cells specifically through a pH-dependent mechanism.
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Inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, a novel facet in the pleiotropic activities of snake venom phospholipases A2. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115428. [PMID: 25522251 PMCID: PMC4270787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipases A2 represent the most abundant family of snake venom proteins. They manifest an array of biological activities, which is constantly expanding. We have recently shown that a protein bitanarin, isolated from the venom of the puff adder Bitis arietans and possessing high phospholipolytic activity, interacts with different types of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and with the acetylcholine-binding protein. To check if this property is characteristic to all venom phospholipases A2, we have studied the capability of these enzymes from other snakes to block the responses of Lymnaea stagnalis neurons to acetylcholine or cytisine and to inhibit α-bungarotoxin binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and acetylcholine-binding proteins. Here we present the evidence that phospholipases A2 from venoms of vipers Vipera ursinii and V. nikolskii, cobra Naja kaouthia, and krait Bungarus fasciatus from different snake families suppress the acetylcholine- or cytisine-elicited currents in L. stagnalis neurons and compete with α-bungarotoxin for binding to muscle- and neuronal α7-types of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, as well as to acetylcholine-binding proteins. As the phospholipase A2 content in venoms is quite high, under some conditions the activity found may contribute to the deleterious venom effects. The results obtained suggest that the ability to interact with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors may be a general property of snake venom phospholipases A2, which add a new target to the numerous activities of these enzymes.
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Quach ND, Arnold RD, Cummings BS. Secretory phospholipase A2 enzymes as pharmacological targets for treatment of disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 90:338-48. [PMID: 24907600 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) cleave phospholipids preferentially at the sn-2 position, liberating free fatty acids and lysophospholipids. They are classified into six main groups based on size, location, function, substrate specificity and calcium requirement. These classes include secretory PLA2 (sPLA2), cytosolic (cPLA2), Ca(2+)-independent (iPLA2), platelet activating factor acetylhydrolases (PAF-AH), lysosomal PLA2 (LyPLA2) and adipose specific PLA2 (AdPLA2). It is hypothesized that PLA2 can serve as pharmacological targets for the therapeutic treatment of several diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, immune disorders and cancer. Special emphasis has been placed on inhibitors of sPLA2 isoforms as pharmacological moieties, mostly due to the fact that these enzymes are activated during inflammatory events and because their expression is increased in several diseases. This review focuses on understanding how sPLA2 isoform expression is altered during disease progression and the possible therapeutic interventions to specifically target sPLA2 isoforms, including new approaches using nano-particulate-based strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhat D Quach
- Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Robert D Arnold
- Department of Drug Discovery & Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849-5503, United States
| | - Brian S Cummings
- Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States.
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