1
|
Yang L, Li P, Wang J, Liu H, Zheng H, Xin W, Zou D. Fine Mapping and Candidate Gene Analysis of Rice Grain Length QTL qGL9.1. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11447. [PMID: 37511217 PMCID: PMC10380290 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Grain length (GL) is one of the crucial determinants of rice yield and quality. However, there is still a shortage of knowledge on the major genes controlling the inheritance of GL in japonica rice, which severely limits the improvement of japonica rice yields. Here, we systemically measured the GL of 667 F2 and 1570 BC3F3 individuals derived from two cultivated rice cultivars, Pin20 and Songjing15, in order to identify the major genomic regions associated with GL. A novel major QTL, qGL9.1, was mapped on chromosome 9, which is associated with the GL, using whole-genome re-sequencing with bulked segregant analysis. Local QTL linkage analysis with F2 and fine mapping with the recombinant plant revealed a 93-kb core region on qGL9.1 encoding 15 protein-coding genes. Only the expression level of LOC_Os09g26970 was significantly different between the two parents at different stages of grain development. Moreover, haplotype analysis revealed that the alleles of Pin20 contribute to the optimal GL (9.36 mm) and GL/W (3.31), suggesting that Pin20 is a cultivated species carrying the optimal GL variation of LOC_Os09g26970. Furthermore, a functional-type mutation (16398989-bp, G>A) located on an exon of LOC_Os09g26970 could be used as a molecular marker to distinguish between long and short grains. Our experiments identified LOC_Os09g26970 as a novel gene associated with GL in japonica rice. This result is expected to further the exploration of the genetic mechanism of rice GL and improve GL in rice japonica varieties by marker-assisted selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luomiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jingguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hualong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hongliang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Wei Xin
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Detang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang F, Zha Z, He Y, Li J, Zhong Z, Xiao Q, Tan Z. Genome-Wide Re-Sequencing Data Reveals the Population Structure and Selection Signatures of Tunchang Pigs in China. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1835. [PMID: 37889708 PMCID: PMC10252034 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tunchang pig is one population of Hainan pig in the Hainan Province of China, with the characteristics of delicious meat, strong adaptability, and high resistance to diseases. To explore the genetic diversity and population structure of Tunchang pigs and uncover their germplasm characteristics, 10 unrelated Tunchang pigs were re-sequenced using the Illumina NovaSeq 150 bp paired-end platform with an average depth of 10×. Sequencing data from 36 individuals of 7 other pig breeds (including 4 local Chinese pig breeds (5 Jinhua, 5 Meishan, 5 Rongchang, and 6 Wuzhishan), and 3 commonly used commercial pig breeds (5 Duorc, 5 Landrace, and 5 Large White)) were downloaded from the NCBI public database. After analysis of genetic diversity and population structure, it has been found that compared to commercial pigs, Tunchang pigs have higher genetic diversity and are genetically close to native Chinese breeds. Three methods, FST, θπ, and XP-EHH, were used to detect selection signals for three breeds of pigs: Tunchang, Duroc, and Landrace. A total of 2117 significantly selected regions and 201 candidate genes were screened. Gene enrichment analysis showed that candidate genes were mainly associated with good adaptability, disease resistance, and lipid metabolism traits. Finally, further screening was conducted to identify potential candidate genes related to phenotypic traits, including meat quality (SELENOV, CBR4, TNNT1, TNNT3, VPS13A, PLD3, SRFBP1, and SSPN), immune regulation (CD48, FBL, PTPRH, GNA14, LOX, SLAMF6, CALCOCO1, IRGC, and ZNF667), growth and development (SYT5, PRX, PPP1R12C, and SMG9), reproduction (LGALS13 and EPG5), vision (SLC9A8 and KCNV2), energy metabolism (ATP5G2), cell migration (EPS8L1), and olfaction (GRK3). In summary, our research results provide a genomic overview of the genetic variation, genetic diversity, and population structure of the Tunchang pig population, which will be valuable for breeding and conservation of Tunchang pigs in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Qian Xiao
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (F.W.)
| | - Zhen Tan
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (F.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yuan B, Yuan C, Wang Y, Liu X, Qi G, Wang Y, Dong L, Zhao H, Li Y, Dong Y. Identification of genetic loci conferring seed coat color based on a high-density map in soybean. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:968618. [PMID: 35979081 PMCID: PMC9376438 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.968618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Seed coat color is a typical evolutionary trait. Identification of the genetic loci that control seed coat color during the domestication of wild soybean could clarify the genetic variations between cultivated and wild soybean. We used 276 F10 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from the cross between a cultivated soybean (JY47) and a wild soybean (ZYD00321) as the materials to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for seed coat color. We constructed a high-density genetic map using re-sequencing technology. The average distance between adjacent markers was 0.31 cM on this map, comprising 9,083 bin markers. We identified two stable QTLs (qSC08 and qSC11) for seed coat color using this map, which, respectively, explained 21.933 and 26.934% of the phenotypic variation. Two candidate genes (CHS3C and CHS4A) in qSC08 were identified according to the parental re-sequencing data and gene function annotations. Five genes (LOC100786658, LOC100801691, LOC100806824, LOC100795475, and LOC100787559) were predicted in the novel QTL qSC11, which, according to gene function annotations, might control seed coat color. This result could facilitate the identification of beneficial genes from wild soybean and provide useful information to clarify the genetic variations for seed coat color in cultivated and wild soybean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baoqi Yuan
- College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Soybean, Changchun, China
| | - Cuiping Yuan
- Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Soybean, Changchun, China
| | - Yumin Wang
- Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Soybean, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Crop Germplasm Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Guangxun Qi
- Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Soybean, Changchun, China
| | - Yingnan Wang
- Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Soybean, Changchun, China
| | - Lingchao Dong
- Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Soybean, Changchun, China
| | - Hongkun Zhao
- Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Soybean, Changchun, China
| | - Yuqiu Li
- Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Soybean, Changchun, China
| | - Yingshan Dong
- College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Soybean, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lian Y, Koch G, Bo D, Wang J, Nguyen HT, Li C, Lu W. The Spatial Distribution and Genetic Diversity of the Soybean Cyst Nematode, Heterodera glycines, in China: It Is Time to Take Measures to Control Soybean Cyst Nematode. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:927773. [PMID: 35783986 PMCID: PMC9242501 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.927773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The continuous evolution and spread of virulent forms of the soybean cyst nematode (SCN) driven by the environment and anthropogenic intervention is a serious threat to the soybean production worldwide, including China. Especially in China, the implemented measures to control SCN are insufficient for sustainable agricultural development yet. We summarized our knowledge about the spread and spatial distribution of SCN in China and the virulence diversity in the main soybean growing areas. To reveal the genetic relatedness and diversity of SCN populations, we re-sequenced 53 SCN genomes from the Huang-Huai Valleys, one of the two main soybean growing areas in China. We identified spreading patterns linked to the local agroecosystems and topographies. Moreover, we disclosed the first evidence for the selection of complex virulence in the field even under low selection pressure in an example from North Shanxi. SCN is present in all soybean growing areas in China but SCN susceptible cultivars are still largely grown indicating that SCN-related damage and financial loss have not received the attention they deserve yet. To prevent increasing yield losses and to improve the acceptance of resistant cultivars by the growers, we emphasized that it is time to accelerate SCN resistance breeding, planting resistant cultivars to a larger extent, and to support farmers to implement a wider crop rotation for sustainable development of the soybean production in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lian
- Henan Academy of Crops Molecular Breeding, National Centre for Plant Breeding, Zhengzhou Subcenter of National Soybean Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang Huaihai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crops Improvement, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Georg Koch
- National Centre for Plant Breeding, Xinxiang, China
| | - Dexin Bo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinshe Wang
- Henan Academy of Crops Molecular Breeding, National Centre for Plant Breeding, Zhengzhou Subcenter of National Soybean Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang Huaihai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crops Improvement, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Henry T. Nguyen
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Chun Li
- Henan Academy of Crops Molecular Breeding, National Centre for Plant Breeding, Zhengzhou Subcenter of National Soybean Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang Huaihai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crops Improvement, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weiguo Lu
- Henan Academy of Crops Molecular Breeding, National Centre for Plant Breeding, Zhengzhou Subcenter of National Soybean Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huang Huaihai Plains, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crops Improvement, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao H, Zhu S, Guo T, Han M, Chen B, Qiao G, Wu Y, Yuan C, Liu J, Lu Z, Sun W, Wang T, Li F, Zhang Y, Hou F, Yue Y, Yang B. Whole-genome re-sequencing association study on yearling wool traits in Chinese fine-wool sheep. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6319907. [PMID: 34255028 PMCID: PMC8418636 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci associated with yearling wool traits of fine-wool sheep for optimizing marker-assisted selection and dissection of the genetic architecture of wool traits, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) based on the fixed and random model circulating probability unification (FarmCPU) for yearling staple length (YSL), yearling mean fiber diameter (YFD), yearling greasy fleece weight (YGFW), and yearling clean fleece rate (YCFR) by using the whole-genome re-sequenced data (totaling 577 sheep) from the following four fine-wool sheep breeds in China: Alpine Merino sheep (AMS), Chinese Merino sheep (CMS), Qinghai fine-wool sheep (QHS), and Aohan fine-wool sheep (AHS). A total of 16 SNPs were detected above the genome-wise significant threshold (P = 5.45E-09), and 79 SNPs were located above the suggestive significance threshold (P = 5.00E-07) from the GWAS results. For YFD and YGFW traits, 7 and 9 SNPs reached the genome-wise significance thresholds, whereas 10 and 12 SNPs reached the suggestive significance threshold, respectively. For YSL and YCFR traits, none of the SNPs reached the genome-wise significance thresholds, whereas 57 SNPs exceeded the suggestive significance threshold. We recorded 14 genes located at the region of ±50-kb near the genome-wise significant SNPs and 59 genes located at the region of ±50-kb near the suggestive significant SNPs. Meanwhile, we used the Average Information Restricted Maximum likelihood algorithm (AI-REML) in the “HIBLUP” package to estimate the heritability and variance components of the four desired yearling wool traits. The estimated heritability values (h2) of YSL, YFD, YGFW, and YCFR were 0.6208, 0.7460, 0.6758, and 0.5559, respectively. We noted that the genetic parameters in this study can be used for fine-wool sheep breeding. The newly detected significant SNPs and the newly identified candidate genes in this study would enhance our understanding of yearling wool formation, and significant SNPs can be applied to genome selection in fine-wool sheep breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongchang Zhao
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Shaohua Zhu
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Mei Han
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Bowen Chen
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Guoyan Qiao
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Chao Yuan
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Jianbin Liu
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Zengkui Lu
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Weibo Sun
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Tianxiang Wang
- Gansu Provincial Sheep Breeding Technology Extension Station, Sunan, 734031, China
| | - Fanwen Li
- Gansu Provincial Sheep Breeding Technology Extension Station, Sunan, 734031, China
| | - Yajun Zhang
- Xinjiang Gongnaisi Breeding Sheep Farm, Xinyuan, 835808, China
| | - Fujun Hou
- Aohan Banner Breeding Sheep Farm, Chifeng, 024300, China
| | - Yaojing Yue
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Bohui Yang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Lanzhou, 730050, China
- Corresponding author:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu TH, Zhou JH, Zhao YY, Wei YJ, Chen F, Gong YF, Yuan Y, Huang LQ. [Genetic diversity of protopine-6-hydroxylase in three medicinal Papaver plants]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2021; 46:4111-4116. [PMID: 34467721 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20210522.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sanguinarine is the main active component of the Papaver plants, and protopine-6-hydroxylase(P6 H), involved in the sanguinarine biosynthetic pathway, can oxidize protopine to 6-hydroxyprotopine. The investigation on the diversity of P6 H genes in the medicinal Papaver plants contributes to the acquirement of P6 H with high activity to increase the biosynthesis of sanguinarine. Five P6 H genes in P. somniferum, P. orientale, and P. rhoeas were discovered based on the re-sequencing data of the Papaver species, followed by bioinformatics analysis. With the elongation factor 1α(EF-1α), which exhibits stable expression in the root and stem, as the internal reference gene, the transcription levels of P6H genes in roots and stems of the Papaver plants were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. As indicated by the re-sequencing results, there were two genotypes of P6H in P. somniferum and P. orientale, respectively, and only one in P. rhoeas. The bioinformatics analysis showed that the P6 H proteins of the three Papaver plants contained the conserved domain cl12078, which is the characteristic of p450 supergene family, and transmembrane regions. The existence of signal peptide remained verification. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR results revealed that the transcription level of P6 H in roots of P. somniferum was about 1.44 times of that in stems(α=0.05). The present study confirmed genetic diversity of P6 H in the three medicinal Papaver plants, which lays a basis for the research on the biosynthesis pathway and mechanism of sanguinarine in Papaver species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Hua Wu
- Academician Workstation, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nanchang 330004, China National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jun-Hui Zhou
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yu-Yang Zhao
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yu-Jie Wei
- Gansu Academy of Agri-Engineering Technology Wuwei 733000, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Gansu Academy of Agri-Engineering Technology Wuwei 733000, China
| | - Yong-Fu Gong
- Gansu Academy of Agri-Engineering Technology Wuwei 733000, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lu-Qi Huang
- Academician Workstation, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nanchang 330004, China National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang S, Yu Z, Qi X, Wang Z, Zheng Y, Ren H, Liang S, Zheng X. Construction of a High-Density Genetic Map and Identification of Leaf Trait-Related QTLs in Chinese Bayberry ( Myrica rubra). Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:675855. [PMID: 34194452 PMCID: PMC8238045 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.675855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra) is an economically important fruit tree that is grown in southern China. Owing to its over 10-year seedling period, the crossbreeding of bayberry is challenging. The characteristics of plant leaves are among the primary factors that control plant architecture and potential yields, making the analysis of leaf trait-related genetic factors crucial to the hybrid breeding of any plant. In the present study, molecular markers associated with leaf traits were identified via a whole-genome re-sequencing approach, and a genetic map was thereby constructed. In total, this effort yielded 902.11 Gb of raw data that led to the identification of 2,242,353 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 140 F1 individuals and parents (Myrica rubra cv. Biqizhong × Myrica rubra cv. 2012LXRM). The final genetic map ultimately incorporated 31,431 SNPs in eight linkage groups, spanning 1,351.85 cM. This map was then used to assemble and update previous scaffold genomic data at the chromosomal level. The genome size of M. rubra was thereby established to be 275.37 Mb, with 94.98% of sequences being assembled into eight pseudo-chromosomes. Additionally, 18 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with nine leaf and growth-related traits were identified. Two QTL clusters were detected (the LG3 and LG5 clusters). Functional annotations further suggested two chlorophyll content-related candidate genes being identified in the LG5 cluster. Overall, this is the first study on the QTL mapping and identification of loci responsible for the regulation of leaf traits in M. rubra, offering an invaluable scientific for future marker-assisted selection breeding and candidate gene analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xingjiang Qi
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Schilbert HM, Rempel A, Pucker B. Comparison of Read Mapping and Variant Calling Tools for the Analysis of Plant NGS Data. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:E439. [PMID: 32252268 PMCID: PMC7238416 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing technologies have rapidly developed during the past years and have become an essential tool in plant sciences. However, the analysis of genomic data remains challenging and relies mostly on the performance of automatic pipelines. Frequently applied pipelines involve the alignment of sequence reads against a reference sequence and the identification of sequence variants. Since most benchmarking studies of bioinformatics tools for this purpose have been conducted on human datasets, there is a lack of benchmarking studies in plant sciences. In this study, we evaluated the performance of 50 different variant calling pipelines, including five read mappers and ten variant callers, on six real plant datasets of the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana. Sets of variants were evaluated based on various parameters including sensitivity and specificity. We found that all investigated tools are suitable for analysis of NGS data in plant research. When looking at different performance metrics, BWA-MEM and Novoalign were the best mappers and GATK returned the best results in the variant calling step.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Marie Schilbert
- Genetics and Genomics of Plants, CeBiTec and Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Andreas Rempel
- Genetics and Genomics of Plants, CeBiTec and Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Graduate School DILS, Bielefeld Institute for Bioinformatics Infrastructure (BIBI), Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Boas Pucker
- Genetics and Genomics of Plants, CeBiTec and Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Molecular Genetics and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang H, Zaman QU, Huang W, Mei D, Liu J, Wang W, Ding B, Hao M, Fu L, Cheng H, Hu Q. QTL and Candidate Gene Identification for Silique Length Based on High-Dense Genetic Map in Brassica napus L. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:1579. [PMID: 31850044 PMCID: PMC6895753 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Silique length (SL) is an important yield trait and positively correlates with seeds per silique and seed weight. In the present study, two double haploid (DH) populations, established from crosses Zhongshuang11 × R11 (ZR) and R1 × R2 (RR), containing 280 and 95 DH lines, respectively, were used to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for SL. A high-dense genetic map from ZR population was constructed comprising 14,658 bins on 19 linkage groups, with map length of 2,198.85 cM and an average marker distance of 0.15 cM. Genetic linkage map from RR population was constructed by using 2,046 mapped markers anchored to 19 chromosomes with 2,217-cM map length and an average marker distance of 1.08 cM. Major QTL qSL_ZR_A09 and qSL_RR_A09b on A09 were identified from ZR and RR populations, respectively. Both QTL could be stably detected in four environments. QTL qSL_RR_A09b and qSL_ZR_A09 were located on 68.5-70.8 cM and 91.33-91.94 cM interval with R2 values of 14.99-39.07% and 15.00-20.36% in RR and ZR populations, respectively. Based on the physical positions of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers flanking qSL_ZR_A09 and gene annotation in Arabidopsis, 26 genes were identified with SNP/Indel variation between parents and two genes (BnaA09g41180D and BnaA09g41380D) were selected as the candidate genes. Expression analysis further revealed BnaA09g41180D, encoding homologs of Arabidopsis fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins (FLA3), as the most promising candidate gene for qSL_ZR_A09. The QTL identification and candidate gene analysis will provide new insight into the genomic regions controlling SL in Brassica napus as well as candidate genes underlying the QTL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Qamar U. Zaman
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Huang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Desheng Mei
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingli Ding
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengyu Hao
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Fu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongtao Cheng
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Hongtao Cheng ; Qiong Hu
| | - Qiong Hu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Biological Sciences and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Hongtao Cheng ; Qiong Hu
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jasim AA, Al-Bustan SA, Al-Kandari W, Al-Serri A, AlAskar H. Sequence Analysis of APOA5 Among the Kuwaiti Population Identifies Association of rs2072560, rs2266788, and rs662799 With TG and VLDL Levels. Front Genet 2018; 9:112. [PMID: 29686695 PMCID: PMC5900548 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Common variants of Apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) have been associated with lipid levels yet very few studies have reported full sequence data from various ethnic groups. The purpose of this study was to analyse the full APOA5 gene sequence to identify variants in 100 healthy Kuwaitis of Arab ethnicities and assess their association with variation in lipid levels in a cohort of 733 samples. Sanger method was used in the direct sequencing of the full 3.7 Kb APOA5 and multiple sequence alignment was used to identify variants. The complete APOA5 sequence in Kuwaiti Arabs has been deposited in GenBank (KJ401315). A total of 20 reported single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. Two novel SNPs were also identified: a synonymous 2197G>A polymorphism at genomic position 116661525 and a 3′ UTR 3222 C>T polymorphism at genomic position 116660500 based on human genome assembly GRCh37/hg:19. Five SNPs along with the two novel SNPs were selected for validation in the cohort. Association of those SNPs with lipid levels was tested and minor alleles of three SNPs (rs2072560, rs2266788, and rs662799) were found significantly associated with TG and VLDL levels. This is the first study to report the full APOA5 sequence and SNPs in an Arab ethnic group. Analysis of the variants identified and comparison to other populations suggests a distinctive genetic component in Arabs. The positive association observed for rs2072560 and rs2266788 with TG and VLDL levels confirms their role in lipid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anfal A Jasim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Suzanne A Al-Bustan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Wafa Al-Kandari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Ahmad Al-Serri
- Human Genetics Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Huda AlAskar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hu Z, Deng G, Mou H, Xu Y, Chen L, Yang J, Zhang M. A re-sequencing-based ultra-dense genetic map reveals a gummy stem blight resistance-associated gene in Cucumis melo. DNA Res 2017; 25:1-10. [PMID: 28985339 PMCID: PMC5824858 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsx033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The melon (Cucumis melo) genome and genetic maps with hundreds to thousands of single nucleotide polymorphism markers were recently released. However, a high-resolution genetic map was lacking. Gummy stem blight (Gsb) is a destructive disease responsible for considerable economic losses during melon production. We herein describe the development of an ultra-dense genetic map consisting of 12,932 recombination bin markers covering 1,818 cM, with an average distance of 0.17 cM between adjacent tags. A comparison of the genetic maps for melon, watermelon, and cucumber revealed chromosome-level syntenic relationships and recombination events among the three Cucurbitaceae species. Our genetic map was useful for re-anchoring the genome scaffolds of melon. More than 92% assembly was anchored to 12 pseudo-chromosomes and 90% of them were oriented. Furthermore, 1,135 recombination hotspots revealed an unbalanced recombination rate across the melon genome. Genetic analyses of the Gsb-resistant and -susceptible lines indicated the resistance phenotype is mediated by a single dominant gene. We identified Gsb-resistance gene candidates in a 108-kb region on pseudo-chromosome 4. Our findings verify the utility of an ultra-dense genetic map for mapping a gene of interest, and for identifying new disease resistant genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Hu
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Guancong Deng
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haipeng Mou
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuhui Xu
- Biomarker Technologies Corporation, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Li Chen
- Biomarker Technologies Corporation, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development & Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mingfang Zhang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development & Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Hangzhou 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li Y, Ruperao P, Batley J, Edwards D, Davidson J, Hobson K, Sutton T. Genome Analysis Identified Novel Candidate Genes for Ascochyta Blight Resistance in Chickpea Using Whole Genome Re-sequencing Data. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:359. [PMID: 28367154 PMCID: PMC5355423 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Ascochyta blight (AB) is a fungal disease that can significantly reduce chickpea production in Australia and other regions of the world. In this study, 69 chickpea genotypes were sequenced using whole genome re-sequencing (WGRS) methods. They included 48 Australian varieties differing in their resistance ranking to AB, 16 advanced breeding lines from the Australian chickpea breeding program, four landraces, and one accession representing the wild chickpea species Cicer reticulatum. More than 800,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. Population structure analysis revealed relatively narrow genetic diversity amongst recently released Australian varieties and two groups of varieties separated by the level of AB resistance. Several regions of the chickpea genome were under positive selection based on Tajima's D test. Both Fst genome- scan and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified a 100 kb region (AB4.1) on chromosome 4 that was significantly associated with AB resistance. The AB4.1 region co-located to a large QTL interval of 7 Mb∼30 Mb identified previously in three different mapping populations which were genotyped at relatively low density with SSR or SNP markers. The AB4.1 region was validated by GWAS in an additional collection of 132 advanced breeding lines from the Australian chickpea breeding program, genotyped with approximately 144,000 SNPs. The reduced level of nucleotide diversity and long extent of linkage disequilibrium also suggested the AB4.1 region may have gone through selective sweeps probably caused by selection of the AB resistance trait in breeding. In total, 12 predicted genes were located in the AB4.1 QTL region, including those annotated as: NBS-LRR receptor-like kinase, wall-associated kinase, zinc finger protein, and serine/threonine protein kinases. One significant SNP located in the conserved catalytic domain of a NBS-LRR receptor-like kinase led to amino acid substitution. Transcriptional analysis using qPCR showed that some predicted genes were significantly induced in resistant lines after inoculation compared to non-inoculated plants. This study demonstrates the power of combining WGRS data with relatively simple traits to rapidly develop "functional makers" for marker-assisted selection and genomic selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongle Li
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, AdelaideSA, Australia
| | - Pradeep Ruperao
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, BrisbaneQLD, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Batley
- School of Plant Biology and Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, CrawleyWA, Australia
| | - David Edwards
- School of Plant Biology and Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, CrawleyWA, Australia
| | - Jenny Davidson
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, UrrbraeSA, Australia
| | - Kristy Hobson
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, TamworthNSW, Australia
| | - Tim Sutton
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, AdelaideSA, Australia
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, UrrbraeSA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ishikawa R, Badenoch N, Miyagi K, Medoruma K, Osada T, Onishi M. Multi-lineages of Shiikuwasha ( Citrus depressa Hayata) evaluated by using whole chloroplast genome sequences and its bio-diversity in Okinawa, Japan. Breed Sci 2016; 66:490-498. [PMID: 27795674 PMCID: PMC5010300 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.15151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Shiikuwasha (Citrus depressa Hayata) is distributed from the South-west of the Japanese archipelago to Taiwan. In this study, re-sequencing against the orange (C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck) chloroplast genome was applied to one superior landrace of Shiikuwasha cultivated in Oku ward, Okinawa, Japan. The chloroplast genome of the landrace was estimated to comprise 160,118 bp, including 48 indels and 71 nucleotide substitutions against the reference genome. The presumptive chloroplast indels were confirmed by subsequent experiments, and these identified multiple maternal lineages among other landraces. Some of the orange SSR markers were available for genotyping of other superior landraces and were able to distinguish among them. These molecular markers were then applied for evaluation of genetic diversity among wild and cultivated Shiikuwasha accessions. Except for Oku ward, the cultivated populations were found to have lost their genetic diversity in comparison with wild populations. Groves in Oku ward maintained, or showed even higher genetic diversity than wild accessions in the surrounding areas by the force of villagers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Ishikawa
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University,
Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561,
Japan
| | - Nathan Badenoch
- Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University,
Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501,
Japan
| | - Kunimasa Miyagi
- Association of Shishigaki Network,
Naha, Okinawa 902-0071,
Japan
| | - Kaname Medoruma
- Okinawa prefectural Chūbu Agricultural Development Center, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Okinawa Prefecture,
Nago, Okinawa 904-2155,
Japan
| | - Toshiki Osada
- Research Institute of Humanity and Nature,
Kyoto, Kyoto 603-8047,
Japan
| | - Masayuki Onishi
- Research Center for Knowledge Science in Cultural Heritage, Doshisha University,
Kyoto, Kyoto 610-0394,
Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Thudi M, Khan AW, Kumar V, Gaur PM, Katta K, Garg V, Roorkiwal M, Samineni S, Varshney RK. Whole genome re-sequencing reveals genome-wide variations among parental lines of 16 mapping populations in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). BMC Plant Biol 2016; 16 Suppl 1:10. [PMID: 26822060 PMCID: PMC4895712 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0690-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the second most important grain legume cultivated by resource poor farmers in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. In order to harness the untapped genetic potential available for chickpea improvement, we re-sequenced 35 chickpea genotypes representing parental lines of 16 mapping populations segregating for abiotic (drought, heat, salinity), biotic stresses (Fusarium wilt, Ascochyta blight, Botrytis grey mould, Helicoverpa armigera) and nutritionally important (protein content) traits using whole genome re-sequencing approach. RESULTS A total of 192.19 Gb data, generated on 35 genotypes of chickpea, comprising 973.13 million reads, with an average sequencing depth of ~10 X for each line. On an average 92.18 % reads from each genotype were aligned to the chickpea reference genome with 82.17 % coverage. A total of 2,058,566 unique single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 292,588 Indels were detected while comparing with the reference chickpea genome. Highest number of SNPs were identified on the Ca4 pseudomolecule. In addition, copy number variations (CNVs) such as gene deletions and duplications were identified across the chickpea parental genotypes, which were minimum in PI 489777 (1 gene deletion) and maximum in JG 74 (1,497). A total of 164,856 line specific variations (144,888 SNPs and 19,968 Indels) with the highest percentage were identified in coding regions in ICC 1496 (21 %) followed by ICCV 97105 (12 %). Of 539 miscellaneous variations, 339, 138 and 62 were inter-chromosomal variations (CTX), intra-chromosomal variations (ITX) and inversions (INV) respectively. CONCLUSION Genome-wide SNPs, Indels, CNVs, PAVs, and miscellaneous variations identified in different mapping populations are a valuable resource in genetic research and helpful in locating genes/genomic segments responsible for economically important traits. Further, the genome-wide variations identified in the present study can be used for developing high density SNP arrays for genetics and breeding applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahendar Thudi
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India.
| | - Aamir W Khan
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Vinay Kumar
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Pooran M Gaur
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Krishnamohan Katta
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Vanika Garg
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Manish Roorkiwal
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Srinivasan Samineni
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India.
- The University of Western Australia (UWA), Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xing L, Zhang D, Song X, Weng K, Shen Y, Li Y, Zhao C, Ma J, An N, Han M. Genome-Wide Sequence Variation Identification and Floral-Associated Trait Comparisons Based on the Re-sequencing of the 'Nagafu No. 2' and 'Qinguan' Varieties of Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.). Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:908. [PMID: 27446138 PMCID: PMC4921462 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) is a commercially important fruit worldwide. Detailed information on genomic DNA polymorphisms, which are important for understanding phenotypic traits, is lacking for the apple. We re-sequenced two elite apple varieties, 'Nagafu No. 2' and 'Qinguan,' which have different characteristics. We identified many genomic variations, including 2,771,129 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 82,663 structural variations (SVs), and 1,572,803 insertion/deletions (INDELs) in 'Nagafu No. 2' and 2,262,888 SNPs, 63,764 SVs, and 1,294,060 INDELs in 'Qinguan.' The 'SNP,' 'INDEL,' and 'SV' distributions were non-random, with variation-rich or -poor regions throughout the genomes. In 'Nagafu No. 2' and 'Qinguan' there were 171,520 and 147,090 non-synonymous SNPs spanning 23,111 and 21,400 genes, respectively; 3,963 and 3,196 SVs in 3,431 and 2,815 genes, respectively; and 1,834 and 1,451 INDELs in 1,681 and 1,345 genes, respectively. Genetic linkage maps of 190 flowering genes associated with multiple flowering pathways in 'Nagafu No. 2,' 'Qinguan,' and 'Golden Delicious,' identified complex regulatory mechanisms involved in floral induction, flower bud formation, and flowering characteristics, which might reflect the genetic variation of the flowering genes. Expression profiling of key flowering genes in buds and leaves suggested that the photoperiod and autonomous flowering pathways are major contributors to the different floral-associated traits between 'Nagafu No. 2' and 'Qinguan.' The genome variation data provided a foundation for the further exploration of apple diversity and gene-phenotype relationships, and for future research on molecular breeding to improve apple and related species.
Collapse
|
16
|
Kim H, Caetano-Anolles K, Seo M, Kwon YJ, Cho S, Seo K, Kim H. Prediction of Genes Related to Positive Selection Using Whole-Genome Resequencing in Three Commercial Pig Breeds. Genomics Inform 2015; 13:137-45. [PMID: 26865845 PMCID: PMC4742324 DOI: 10.5808/gi.2015.13.4.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective sweep can cause genetic differentiation across populations, which allows for the identification of possible causative regions/genes underlying important traits. The pig has experienced a long history of allele frequency changes through artificial selection in the domestication process. We obtained an average of 329,482,871 sequence reads for 24 pigs from three pig breeds: Yorkshire (n = 5), Landrace (n = 13), and Duroc (n = 6). An average read depth of 11.7 was obtained using whole-genome resequencing on an Illumina HiSeq2000 platform. In this study, cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity and cross-population composite likelihood ratio tests were implemented to detect genes experiencing positive selection for the genome-wide resequencing data generated from three commercial pig breeds. In our results, 26, 7, and 14 genes from Yorkshire, Landrace, and Duroc, respectively were detected by two kinds of statistical tests. Significant evidence for positive selection was identified on genes ST6GALNAC2 and EPHX1 in Yorkshire, PARK2 in Landrace, and BMP6, SLA-DQA1, and PRKG1 in Duroc.These genes are reportedly relevant to lactation, reproduction, meat quality, and growth traits. To understand how these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related positive selection affect protein function, we analyzed the effect of non-synonymous SNPs. Three SNPs (rs324509622, rs80931851, and rs80937718) in the SLA-DQA1 gene were significant in the enrichment tests, indicating strong evidence for positive selection in Duroc. Our analyses identified genes under positive selection for lactation, reproduction, and meat-quality and growth traits in Yorkshire, Landrace, and Duroc, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- HyoYoung Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | | | - Minseok Seo
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Young-Jun Kwon
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seoae Cho
- C&K Genomics Inc., Seoul National University Research Park, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kangseok Seo
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Heebal Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.; C&K Genomics Inc., Seoul National University Research Park, Seoul 08826, Korea.; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang H, Jian J, Li X, Renshaw D, Clements J, Sweetingham MW, Tan C, Li C. Application of whole genome re-sequencing data in the development of diagnostic DNA markers tightly linked to a disease-resistance locus for marker-assisted selection in lupin (Lupinus angustifolius). BMC Genomics 2015; 16:660. [PMID: 26329386 PMCID: PMC4557927 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1878-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular marker-assisted breeding provides an efficient tool to develop improved crop varieties. A major challenge for the broad application of markers in marker-assisted selection is that the marker phenotypes must match plant phenotypes in a wide range of breeding germplasm. In this study, we used the legume crop species Lupinus angustifolius (lupin) to demonstrate the utility of whole genome sequencing and re-sequencing on the development of diagnostic markers for molecular plant breeding. RESULTS Nine lupin cultivars released in Australia from 1973 to 2007 were subjected to whole genome re-sequencing. The re-sequencing data together with the reference genome sequence data were used in marker development, which revealed 180,596 to 795,735 SNP markers from pairwise comparisons among the cultivars. A total of 207,887 markers were anchored on the lupin genetic linkage map. Marker mining obtained an average of 387 SNP markers and 87 InDel markers for each of the 24 genome sequence assembly scaffolds bearing markers linked to 11 genes of agronomic interest. Using the R gene PhtjR conferring resistance to phomopsis stem blight disease as a test case, we discovered 17 candidate diagnostic markers by genotyping and selecting markers on a genetic linkage map. A further 243 candidate diagnostic markers were discovered by marker mining on a scaffold bearing non-diagnostic markers linked to the PhtjR gene. Nine out from the ten tested candidate diagnostic markers were confirmed as truly diagnostic on a broad range of commercial cultivars. Markers developed using these strategies meet the requirements for broad application in molecular plant breeding. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that low-cost genome sequencing and re-sequencing data were sufficient and very effective in the development of diagnostic markers for marker-assisted selection. The strategies used in this study may be applied to any trait or plant species. Whole genome sequencing and re-sequencing provides a powerful tool to overcome current limitations in molecular plant breeding, which will enable plant breeders to precisely pyramid favourable genes to develop super crop varieties to meet future food demands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huaan Yang
- Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, 6151, Australia.
| | - Jianbo Jian
- Beijing Genome Institute - Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
| | - Xuan Li
- Beijing Genome Institute - Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
| | - Daniel Renshaw
- Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, 6151, Australia.
| | - Jonathan Clements
- Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, 6151, Australia.
| | - Mark W Sweetingham
- Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, 6151, Australia.
| | - Cong Tan
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, 6150, Australia.
| | - Chengdao Li
- Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, 6151, Australia.
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, 6150, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Al Chawa T, Ludwig KU, Fier H, Pötzsch B, Reich RH, Schmidt G, Braumann B, Daratsianos N, Böhmer AC, Schuencke H, Alblas M, Fricker N, Hoffmann P, Knapp M, Lange C, Nöthen MM, Mangold E. Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate: Increased burden of rare variants within Gremlin-1, a component of the bone morphogenetic protein 4 pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 100:493-8. [PMID: 24706492 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genes Gremlin-1 (GREM1) and Noggin (NOG) are components of the bone morphogenetic protein 4 pathway, which has been implicated in craniofacial development. Both genes map to recently identified susceptibility loci (chromosomal region 15q13, 17q22) for nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (nsCL/P). The aim of the present study was to determine whether rare variants in either gene are implicated in nsCL/P etiology. METHODS The complete coding regions, untranslated regions, and splice sites of GREM1 and NOG were sequenced in 96 nsCL/P patients and 96 controls of Central European ethnicity. Three burden and four nonburden tests were performed. Statistically significant results were followed up in a second case-control sample (n = 96, respectively). For rare variants observed in cases, segregation analyses were performed. RESULTS In NOG, four rare sequence variants (minor allele frequency < 1%) were identified. Here, burden and nonburden analyses generated nonsignificant results. In GREM1, 33 variants were identified, 15 of which were rare. Of these, five were novel. Significant p-values were generated in three nonburden analyses. Segregation analyses revealed incomplete penetrance for all variants investigated. CONCLUSION Our study did not provide support for NOG being the causal gene at 17q22. However, the observation of a significant excess of rare variants in GREM1 supports the hypothesis that this is the causal gene at chr. 15q13. Because no single causal variant was identified, future sequencing analyses of GREM1 should involve larger samples and the investigation of regulatory elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taofik Al Chawa
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Klinikverbund St. Antonius und St. Josef, Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dickins B, Rebolledo-Jaramillo B, Su MSW, Paul IM, Blankenberg D, Stoler N, Makova KD, Nekrutenko A. Controlling for contamination in re-sequencing studies with a reproducible web-based phylogenetic approach. Biotechniques 2014; 56:134-141. [PMID: 24641477 DOI: 10.2144/000114146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphism discovery is a routine application of next-generation sequencing technology where multiple samples are sent to a service provider for library preparation, subsequent sequencing, and bioinformatic analyses. The decreasing cost and advances in multiplexing approaches have made it possible to analyze hundreds of samples at a reasonable cost. However, because of the manual steps involved in the initial processing of samples and handling of sequencing equipment, cross-contamination remains a significant challenge. It is especially problematic in cases where polymorphism frequencies do not adhere to diploid expectation, for example, heterogeneous tumor samples, organellar genomes, as well as during bacterial and viral sequencing. In these instances, low levels of contamination may be readily mistaken for polymorphisms, leading to false results. Here we describe practical steps designed to reliably detect contamination and uncover its origin, and also provide new, Galaxy-based, readily accessible computational tools and workflows for quality control. All results described in this report can be reproduced interactively on the web as described at http://usegalaxy.org/contamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Dickins
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA.,Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA
| | - Boris Rebolledo-Jaramillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA.,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in BioSciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA
| | | | - Ian M Paul
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Daniel Blankenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA
| | - Nicholas Stoler
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in BioSciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA
| | | | - Anton Nekrutenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hirsch CD, Evans J, Buell CR, Hirsch CN. Reduced representation approaches to interrogate genome diversity in large repetitive plant genomes. Brief Funct Genomics 2014; 13:257-67. [PMID: 24395692 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elt051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Technology and software improvements in the last decade now provide methodologies to access the genome sequence of not only a single accession, but also multiple accessions of plant species. This provides a means to interrogate species diversity at the genome level. Ample diversity among accessions in a collection of species can be found, including single-nucleotide polymorphisms, insertions and deletions, copy number variation and presence/absence variation. For species with small, non-repetitive rich genomes, re-sequencing of query accessions is robust, highly informative, and economically feasible. However, for species with moderate to large sized repetitive-rich genomes, technical and economic barriers prevent en masse genome re-sequencing of accessions. Multiple approaches to access a focused subset of loci in species with larger genomes have been developed, including reduced representation sequencing, exome capture and transcriptome sequencing. Collectively, these approaches have enabled interrogation of diversity on a genome scale for large plant genomes, including crop species important to worldwide food security.
Collapse
|
21
|
Biselli C, Cavalluzzo D, Perrini R, Gianinetti A, Bagnaresi P, Urso S, Orasen G, Desiderio F, Lupotto E, Cattivelli L, Valè G. Improvement of marker-based predictability of Apparent Amylose Content in japonica rice through GBSSI allele mining. Rice (N Y) 2014; 7:1. [PMID: 26055995 PMCID: PMC3904453 DOI: 10.1186/1939-8433-7-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apparent Amylose Content (AAC), regulated by the Waxy gene, represents the key determinant of rice cooking properties. In occidental countries high AAC rice represents the most requested market class but the availability of molecular markers allowing specific selection of high AAC varieties is limited. RESULTS In this study, the effectiveness of available molecular markers in predicting AAC was evaluated in a collection of 127 rice accessions (125 japonica ssp. and 2 indica ssp.) characterized by AAC values from glutinous to 26%. The analyses highlighted the presence of several different allelic patterns identifiable by a few molecular markers, and two of them, i.e., the SNPs at intron1 and exon 6, were able to explain a maximum of 79.5% of AAC variation. However, the available molecular markers haplotypes did not provide tools for predicting accessions with AAC higher than 24.5%. To identify additional polymorphisms, the re-sequencing of the Waxy gene and 1kbp of the putative upstream regulatory region was performed in 21 genotypes representing all the AAC classes identified. Several previously un-characterized SNPs were identified and four of them were used to develop dCAPS markers. CONCLUSIONS The addition of the SNPs newly identified slightly increased the AAC explained variation and allowed the identification of a haplotype almost unequivocally associated to AAC higher than 24.5%. Haplotypes at the waxy locus were also associated to grain length and length/width (L/W) ratio. In particular, the SNP at the first intron, which identifies the Wxa and Wxb alleles, was associated with differences in the width of the grain, the L/W ratio and the length of the kernel, most likely as a result of human selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Biselli
- Rice Research Unit, CRA-Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, S.S. 11 to Torino, Km 2,5, 13100 Vercelli, Italy
- Genomics Research Centre, CRA-Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Via S. Protaso 302, 29017 Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Daniela Cavalluzzo
- Rice Research Unit, CRA-Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, S.S. 11 to Torino, Km 2,5, 13100 Vercelli, Italy
| | - Rosaria Perrini
- Rice Research Unit, CRA-Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, S.S. 11 to Torino, Km 2,5, 13100 Vercelli, Italy
| | - Alberto Gianinetti
- Genomics Research Centre, CRA-Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Via S. Protaso 302, 29017 Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Paolo Bagnaresi
- Genomics Research Centre, CRA-Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Via S. Protaso 302, 29017 Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Simona Urso
- Genomics Research Centre, CRA-Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Via S. Protaso 302, 29017 Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Gabriele Orasen
- Rice Research Unit, CRA-Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, S.S. 11 to Torino, Km 2,5, 13100 Vercelli, Italy
| | - Francesca Desiderio
- Genomics Research Centre, CRA-Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Via S. Protaso 302, 29017 Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Lupotto
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop Production, CRA-Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Roma, Italy
| | - Luigi Cattivelli
- Genomics Research Centre, CRA-Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Via S. Protaso 302, 29017 Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Giampiero Valè
- Rice Research Unit, CRA-Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, S.S. 11 to Torino, Km 2,5, 13100 Vercelli, Italy
- Genomics Research Centre, CRA-Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Via S. Protaso 302, 29017 Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Piacenza, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Martínez-Hernández A, Gutierrez-Malacatt H, Carrillo-Sánchez K, Saldaña-Alvarez Y, Rojas-Ochoa A, Crespo-Solis E, Aguayo-González A, Rosas-López A, Ayala-Sanchez JM, Aquino-Ortega X, Orozco L, Cordova EJ. Small MAF genes variants and chronic myeloid leukemia. Eur J Haematol 2013; 92:35-41. [PMID: 24118457 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is one of the most frequent hematological neoplasia worldwide. The abnormal accumulation of reactive oxygen species may be an important factor in CML development. The transcription factor NRF2 can regulate the transcription of a battery of antioxidant and detoxificant genes after heterodimerizing with small-Maf proteins. Although the participation of NRF2 in the development of chronic degenerative diseases has been thoroughly studied, the role of small-Maf genes has not been documented. We have identified polymorphisms in the three MAF genes (F, G and K) and assessed their association with CML. Over 266 subjects with CML and 399 unrelated healthy donors have been studied. After sequencing each MAF gene by Sanger technology, we found 17 variants in MAFF gene, eight in MAFG and seven in MAFK. In the case-control study, the homozygote genotype CC for the rs9610915 SNP of MAFF was significantly associated with CML. The frequency of the ACC haplotype from MAFK was significantly lower than controls. After stratification by gender, the ACC and GTG haplotypes were associated only with males with CML. These novel data suggest an association between MAFF and MAFG and the development of CML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Martínez-Hernández
- Immunogenomics and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, SS, México City, México
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kim H, Lee T, Park W, Lee JW, Kim J, Lee BY, Ahn H, Moon S, Cho S, Do KT, Kim HS, Lee HK, Lee CK, Kong HS, Yang YM, Park J, Kim HM, Kim BC, Hwang S, Bhak J, Burt D, Park KD, Cho BW, Kim H. Peeling back the evolutionary layers of molecular mechanisms responsive to exercise-stress in the skeletal muscle of the racing horse. DNA Res 2013; 20:287-98. [PMID: 23580538 PMCID: PMC3686434 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dst010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The modern horse (Equus caballus) is the product of over 50 million yrs of evolution. The athletic abilities of the horse have been enhanced during the past 6000 yrs under domestication. Therefore, the horse serves as a valuable model to understand the physiology and molecular mechanisms of adaptive responses to exercise. The structure and function of skeletal muscle show remarkable plasticity to the physical and metabolic challenges following exercise. Here, we reveal an evolutionary layer of responsiveness to exercise-stress in the skeletal muscle of the racing horse. We analysed differentially expressed genes and their co-expression networks in a large-scale RNA-sequence dataset comparing expression before and after exercise. By estimating genome-wide dN/dS ratios using six mammalian genomes, and FST and iHS using re-sequencing data derived from 20 horses, we were able to peel back the evolutionary layers of adaptations to exercise-stress in the horse. We found that the oldest and thickest layer (dN/dS) consists of system-wide tissue and organ adaptations. We further find that, during the period of horse domestication, the older layer (FST) is mainly responsible for adaptations to inflammation and energy metabolism, and the most recent layer (iHS) for neurological system process, cell adhesion, and proteolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongmin Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Jeong IS, Yoon UH, Lee GS, Ji HS, Lee HJ, Han CD, Hahn JH, An G, Kim TH. SNP-based analysis of genetic diversity in anther-derived rice by whole genome sequencing. Rice (N Y) 2013; 6:6. [PMID: 24280451 PMCID: PMC4883692 DOI: 10.1186/1939-8433-6-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anther culture has advantage to obtain a homozygous progeny by induced doubling of haploid chromosomes and to improve selection efficiency for invaluable agronomical traits. Therefore, anther culturing is widely utilized to breed new varieties and to induce genetic variations in several crops including rice. Genome sequencing technologies allow the detection of a massive number of DNA polymorphism such as SNPs and Indels between closely related cultivars. These DNA polymorphisms permit the rapid identification of genetic diversity among cultivars and genomic locations of heritable traits. To estimate sequence diversity derived from anther culturing, we performed whole-genome resequencing of five Korean rice accessions, including three anther culture lines (BLB, HY-04 and HY-08), their progenitor cultivar (Hwayeong), and an additional japonica cultivar (Dongjin). RESULTS A total of 1,165 × 106 raw reads were generated with over 58× coverage that detected 1,154,063 DNA polymorphisms between the Korean rice accessions and Nipponbare. We observed that in Hwayeong and its progenies, 0.64 SNP was found per one kb of Nipponbare genome, while Dongjin, bred by a conventional breeding method, had a lower number of SNPs (0.45 SNP/kb). Among 1,154,063 DNA polymorphisms, 29,269 non-synonymous SNPs located on 30,013 genes and these genes were functionally classified based on gene ontology (GO). We also analyzed line-specific SNPs which were estimated 1 ~ 3% of the total SNPs. The frequency of non-synonymous SNPs in each accession ranged from 26 SNPs in Hwayeong to 214 SNPs in HY-04. CONCLUSIONS The genetic difference we detected between the progenies derived from anther culture and their mother cultivar is due to somaclonal variation during tissue culture process, such as karyotype change, chromosome rearrangement, gene amplification and deletion, transposable element, and DNA methylation. Detection of genome-wide DNA polymorphisms by high-throughput sequencer enabled to identify sequence diversity derived from anther culturing and genomic locations of heritable traits. Furthermore, it will provide an invaluable resource to identify molecular markers and genes associated with diverse traits of agronomical importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- In-Seon Jeong
- />Rural Development Administration, Genomics Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Suwon, 441-707 Republic of Korea
| | - Ung-Han Yoon
- />Rural Development Administration, Genomics Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Suwon, 441-707 Republic of Korea
| | - Gang-Seob Lee
- />Rural Development Administration, Genomics Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Suwon, 441-707 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-So Ji
- />Rural Development Administration, Genomics Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Suwon, 441-707 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Lee
- />Rural Development Administration, Genomics Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Suwon, 441-707 Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Deok Han
- />Department of Biochemistry, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Ho Hahn
- />Rural Development Administration, Genomics Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Suwon, 441-707 Republic of Korea
| | - Gynheung An
- />Department of plant molecular systems biotechnology and Crop biotech institute, Kyung Hee university, Yongin, 446-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Ho Kim
- />Rural Development Administration, Genomics Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Suwon, 441-707 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Toda T, Toriyama K. Re-sequencing of mitochondrial genes in a standard rice cultivar Nipponbare. Rice (N Y) 2013; 6:2. [PMID: 24280589 PMCID: PMC5394982 DOI: 10.1186/1939-8433-6-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomic sequence of a rice cultivar Nipponbare has been often used as a reference sequence since a whole-genomic sequence was first determined in 2005 by the International Rice Genome Sequencing Project. As for mitochondrial genomic sequence of Nipponbare, two groups have deposited their sequences into DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank under the accession numbers BA000029 and DQ167400. However, there are 19 discrepancies in the nucleotide sequences of 7 genes between BA000029 and DQ167400. FINDINGS We performed PCR to amplify these 7 genes and to perform direct sequencing. Nucleotides of the discrepant sites were all identical to those in DQ167400.1. The sequence in BA000029.3 is thought to contain sequencing errors. CONCLUSION Nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial genes in BA000029.3 need to be updated using the data in this study when used as a reference genome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takushi Toda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 981-8555 Japan
| | - Kinya Toriyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 981-8555 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
The high-throughput - next generation sequencing (HT-NGS) technologies are currently the hottest topic in the field of human and animals genomics researches, which can produce over 100 times more data compared to the most sophisticated capillary sequencers based on the Sanger method. With the ongoing developments of high throughput sequencing machines and advancement of modern bioinformatics tools at unprecedented pace, the target goal of sequencing individual genomes of living organism at a cost of $1,000 each is seemed to be realistically feasible in the near future. In the relatively short time frame since 2005, the HT-NGS technologies are revolutionizing the human and animal genome researches by analysis of chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled to DNA microarray (ChIP-chip) or sequencing (ChIP-seq), RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), whole genome genotyping, genome wide structural variation, de novo assembling and re-assembling of genome, mutation detection and carrier screening, detection of inherited disorders and complex human diseases, DNA library preparation, paired ends and genomic captures, sequencing of mitochondrial genome and personal genomics. In this review, we addressed the important features of HT-NGS like, first generation DNA sequencers, birth of HT-NGS, second generation HT-NGS platforms, third generation HT-NGS platforms: including single molecule Heliscope™, SMRT™ and RNAP sequencers, Nanopore, Archon Genomics X PRIZE foundation, comparison of second and third HT-NGS platforms, applications, advances and future perspectives of sequencing technologies on human and animal genome research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Shekhar Pareek
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Institute of General and Molecular Biology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|