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Afaloniati H, Aindelis G, Spyridopoulou K, Lagou MK, Tsingotjidou A, Chlichlia K, Erdman SE, Poutahidis T, Angelopoulou K. Peri-weaning cholera toxin consumption suppresses chemically-induced carcinogenesis in mice. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:1097-1110. [PMID: 38095490 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal bacteria are known to have an impact on local and systemic immunity, and consequently either promote or suppress cancer development. Following the notion that perinatal bacterial exposure might confer immune system competency for life, we investigated whether early-life administration of cholera-toxin (CT), a protein exotoxin of the small intestine pathogenic bacterium Vibrio cholerae, may shape local and systemic immunity to impart a protective effect against tumor development in epithelia distantly located from the gut. For that, newborn mice were orally treated with low non-pathogenic doses of CT and later challenged with the carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA), known to cause mainly mammary, but also skin, lung and stomach cancer. Our results revealed that CT suppressed the overall incidence and multiplicity of tumors, with varying efficiencies among cancer types, and promoted survival. Harvesting mouse tissues at an earlier time-point (105 instead of 294 days), showed that CT does not prevent preneoplastic lesions per se but it rather hinders their evolution into tumors. CT pretreatment universally increased apoptosis in the cancer-prone mammary, lung and nonglandular stomach, and altered the expression of several cancer-related molecules. Moreover, CT had a long-term effect on immune system cells and factors, the most prominent being the systemic neutrophil decrease. Finally, CT treatment significantly affected gut bacterial flora composition, leading among others to a major shift from Clostridia to Bacilli class abundance. Overall, these results support the notion that early-life CT consumption is able to affect host's immune, microbiome and gene expression profiles toward the prevention of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hara Afaloniati
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Aindelis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus Dragana, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Katerina Spyridopoulou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus Dragana, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Maria K Lagou
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Tsingotjidou
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Katerina Chlichlia
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus Dragana, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Suzan E Erdman
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Theofilos Poutahidis
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Katerina Angelopoulou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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2
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Zhou Y, Liu X, Gao W, Luo X, Lv J, Wang Y, Liu D. The role of intestinal flora on tumor immunotherapy: recent progress and treatment implications. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23919. [PMID: 38223735 PMCID: PMC10784319 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy, specifically immune checkpoint inhibitors, has emerged as a promising approach for treating malignant tumors. The gut, housing approximately 70 % of the body's immune cells, is abundantly populated with gut bacteria that actively interact with the host's immune system. Different bacterial species within the intestinal flora are in a delicate equilibrium and mutually regulate each other. However, when this balance is disrupted, pathogenic microorganisms can dominate, adversely affecting the host's metabolism and immunity, ultimately promoting the development of disease. Emerging researches highlight the potential of interventions such as fecal microflora transplantation (FMT) to improve antitumor immune response and reduce the toxicity of immunotherapy. These remarkable findings suggest the major role of intestinal flora in the development of cancer immunotherapy and led us to the hypothesis that intestinal flora transplantation may be a new breakthrough in modifying immunotherapy side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Xin Luo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Junying Lv
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Duanrui Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
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Tamagawa H, Tamagawa A, Aoyama T, Hashimoto I, Maezawa Y, Hara K, Kato A, Kamiya N, Otani K, Numata M, Kazama K, Morita J, Tanabe M, Onuma S, Cho H, Sawazaki S, Ohshima T, Yukawa N, Mitsudo K, Saito A, Rino Y. Influence of the Oral Health Assessment Tool Score on Survival of Patients With Esophageal Cancer. In Vivo 2023; 37:2253-2259. [PMID: 37652503 PMCID: PMC10500491 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM We investigated the influence of the preoperative Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) score on the outcomes of patients with esophageal cancer after curative surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study included 90 patients with esophageal cancer who underwent curative surgery and who were screened with the OHAT between 2008 and 2021. The OHAT consists of eight categories with three possible scores. The risk factors for 5-year overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were identified. RESULTS Patients were divided into healthy (n=42) and unhealthy (n=48) groups. The OHAT score was identified as a significant risk factor for postoperative pneumonia (11.9% vs. 43.8%, p=0.001) and postoperative hospital stay (20.5 days vs. 50.1 days, p=0.042). The 5-year OS rate after surgery was 71.2% in the healthy group and 43.2% in the unhealthy group, which was a significant difference (p=0.015). A multivariate analysis showed that a high OHAT score was a significant independent factor for 5-year OS (p=0.034). CONCLUSION The OHAT score was a useful prognostic marker in patients who underwent curative surgery for esophageal cancer. To improve the oncological outcomes of patients with esophageal cancer, it is necessary to carefully plan perioperative oral/dental care using the OHAT score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tamagawa
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ayako Tamagawa
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toru Aoyama
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan;
| | - Itaru Hashimoto
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yukio Maezawa
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Hara
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Aya Kato
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Natsumi Kamiya
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuki Otani
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Numata
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kazama
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jyunya Morita
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mie Tanabe
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shizune Onuma
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Cho
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sho Sawazaki
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohshima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Norio Yukawa
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kenji Mitsudo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Aya Saito
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Rino
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
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Zhang S, Zhang W, Ren H, Xue R, Wang Z, Wang Z, Lv Q. Mendelian randomization analysis revealed a gut microbiota-mammary axis in breast cancer. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1193725. [PMID: 37680534 PMCID: PMC10482102 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1193725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Observational epidemiological studies suggested an association between the gut microbiota and breast cancer, but it remains unclear whether the gut microbiota causally influences the risk of breast cancer. We employed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate this association. Methods We used summary statistics of the gut microbiome from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 18,340 individuals in the MiBioGen study. GWAS summary statistics for overall breast cancer risk and hormone receptor subtype-specific analyses were obtained from the UK Biobank and FinnGen databases, totaling 400,000 individuals. The inverse variance-weighted (IVW) MR method was used to examine the causal relationship between the gut microbiome and breast cancer and its subtypes. Sensitivity analyses were conducted using maximum likelihood, MR-Egger, and MR pleiotropic residual sums and outliers methods. Results The IVW estimates indicated that an increased abundance of Genus_Sellimonas is causally associated with an increased risk of ER+ breast cancer [odds ratio (OR) = 1.09, p = 1.72E-04, false discovery rate (FDR) = 0.02], whereas an increased abundance of Genus_Adlercreutzia was protective against ER+ breast cancer (OR = 0.88, p = 6.62E-04, FDR = 0.04). For Her2+ breast cancer, an increased abundance of Genus_Ruminococcus2 was associated with a decreased risk (OR = 0.77, p = 4.91E-04, FDR = 0.04), whereas an increased abundance of Genus_Erysipelatoclostridium was associated with an increased risk (OR = 1.25, p = 6.58E-04, FDR = 0.04). No evidence of heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy was found. Conclusion Our study revealed a gut microbiota-mammary axis, providing important data supporting the potential use of the gut microbiome as a candidate target for breast cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent and Precision Pathology Diagnosis in Oncology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenchuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Haiyue Ren
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Rui Xue
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zitong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent and Precision Pathology Diagnosis in Oncology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qingjie Lv
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent and Precision Pathology Diagnosis in Oncology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Summer M, Ali S, Fiaz U, Tahir HM, Ijaz M, Mumtaz S, Mushtaq R, Khan R, Shahzad H, Fiaz H. Therapeutic and immunomodulatory role of probiotics in breast cancer: A mechanistic review. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:296. [PMID: 37486419 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03632-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer has become the most prevalent and noxious type of malignancy around the globe (Giaquinto et al., 2022). Multiple clinical strategies including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy have been in practice to manage breast cancer. Besides the protective roles of conventional remedial approaches, and non-reversible and deteriorative impacts like healthy cell damage, organ failure, etc., the world scientific community is in a continuous struggle to find some alternative biocompatible and comparatively safe solutions. Among novel breast cancer management/treatment options, the role of probiotics has become immensely important. The current review encompasses the prevalence statistics of breast cancer across the globe concerning developed and undeveloped counties, intestinal microbiota linkage with breast cancer, and association of breast microbiome with breast carcinoma. Furthermore, this review also narrates the role of probiotics against breast cancer and their mode of action. In Vivo and In Vitro studies under breast cancer research regarding probiotics are mechanistically explained. The current review systematically explains the immunomodulatory role of probiotics to prevent breast cancer. Last, but not the least, current review concludes the use of probiotics in the treatment of breast cancer through various mechanisms and future recommendations for molecular basis studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Summer
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Shaukat Ali
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Umaima Fiaz
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Tahir
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ijaz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shumaila Mumtaz
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Mushtaq
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Rida Khan
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Hafsa Shahzad
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Hashim Fiaz
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Ammer-ul-din Medical College Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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6
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Yuan X, Wang Z, Li C, Lv K, Tian G, Tang M, Ji L, Yang J. Bacterial biomarkers capable of identifying recurrence or metastasis carry disease severity information for lung cancer. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1007831. [PMID: 36187983 PMCID: PMC9523266 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1007831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Local recurrence and distant metastasis are the main causes of death in patients with lung cancer. Multiple studies have described the recurrence or metastasis of lung cancer at the genetic level. However, association between the microbiome of lung cancer tissue and recurrence or metastasis remains to be discovered. Here, we aimed to identify the bacterial biomarkers capable of distinguishing patients with lung cancer from recurrence or metastasis, and how it related to the severity of patients with lung cancer. Methods We applied microbiome pipeline to bacterial communities of 134 non-recurrence and non-metastasis (non-RM) and 174 recurrence or metastasis (RM) samples downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Co-occurrence network was built to explore the bacterial interactions in lung cancer tissue of RM and non-RM. Finally, the Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to evaluate the association between bacterial biomarkers and patient survival. Results Compared with non-RM, the bacterial community of RM had lower richness and higher Bray–Curtis dissimilarity index. Interestingly, the co-occurrence network of non-RM was more complex than RM. The top 500 genera in relative abundance obtained an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.72 when discriminating between RM and non-RM. There were significant differences in the relative abundances of Acidovorax, Clostridioides, Succinimonas, and Shewanella, and so on between RM and non-RM. These biomarkers played a role in predicting the survival of lung cancer patients and were significantly associated with lung cancer stage. Conclusion This study provides the first evidence for the prediction of lung cancer recurrence or metastasis by bacteria in lung cancer tissue. Our results highlights that bacterial biomarkers that distinguish RM and non-RM are also associated with patient survival and disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Yuan
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhina Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Emergency General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Changjun Li
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Changjun Li,
| | - Kebo Lv
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Geng Tian
- Geneis Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
- Qingdao Geneis Institute of Big Data Mining and Precision Medicine, Qingdao, China
| | - Min Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Ji
- Geneis Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
- Qingdao Geneis Institute of Big Data Mining and Precision Medicine, Qingdao, China
- Lei Ji,
| | - Jialiang Yang
- Geneis Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
- Qingdao Geneis Institute of Big Data Mining and Precision Medicine, Qingdao, China
- Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng, China
- Jialiang Yang,
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7
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Yang P, Wang Z, Peng Q, Lian W, Chen D. Comparison of the Gut Microbiota in Patients with Benign and Malignant Breast Tumors: A Pilot Study. Evol Bioinform Online 2021; 17:11769343211057573. [PMID: 34795472 PMCID: PMC8593289 DOI: 10.1177/11769343211057573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome plays diverse roles in many diseases and can potentially contribute to cancer development. Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. Thus, we investigated whether the gut microbiota differs between patients with breast carcinoma and those with benign tumors. The DNA of the fecal microbiota community was detected by Illumina sequencing and the taxonomy of 16S rRNA genes. The α-diversity and β-diversity analyses were used to determine richness and evenness of the gut microbiota. Gene function prediction of the microbiota in patients with benign and malignant carcinoma was performed using PICRUSt. There was no significant difference in the α-diversity between patients with benign and malignant tumors (P = 3.15e-1 for the Chao index and P = 3.1e-1 for the ACE index). The microbiota composition was different between the 2 groups, although no statistical difference was observed in β-diversity. Of the 31 different genera compared between the 2 groups, level of only Citrobacter was significantly higher in the malignant tumor group than that in benign tumor group. The metabolic pathways of the gut microbiome in the malignant tumor group were significantly different from those in benign tumor group. Furthermore, the study establishes the distinct richness of the gut microbiome in patients with breast cancer with different clinicopathological factors, including ER, PR, Ki-67 level, Her2 status, and tumor grade. These findings suggest that the gut microbiome may be useful for the diagnosis and treatment of malignant breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peidong Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Quanzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhitang Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Quanzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qingqin Peng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Quanzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Weibin Lian
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Quanzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Debo Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Quanzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
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LIU P, LIU M, LIU X, XUE M, JIANG Q, LEI H. Effect of α-linolenic acid (ALA) on proliferation of probiotics and its adhesion to colonic epithelial cells. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.71921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pan LIU
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, China
| | - Mo LIU
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, China
| | - Xiaogeng LIU
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, China
| | - Mei XUE
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, China
| | - Qian JIANG
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, China
| | - Hong LEI
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, China
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9
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Zhang J, Xia Y, Sun J. Breast and gut microbiome in health and cancer. Genes Dis 2021; 8:581-589. [PMID: 34291130 PMCID: PMC8278537 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiota plays essential roles in health and disease, in both the intestine and the extra-intestine. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota causes dysfunction in the intestine, which leads to inflammatory, immune, and infectious diseases. Dysbiosis is also associated with diseases beyond the intestine via microbial translocation or metabolisms. The in situ breast microbiome, which may be sourced from the gut through lactation and sexual contact, could be altered and cause breast diseases. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in understanding the interactions among the gut microbiome, breast microbiome, and breast diseases. We discuss the intestinal microbiota, microbial metabolites, and roles of microbiota in immune system. We emphasize the novel roles and mechanisms of the microbiome (both in situ and gastrointestinal sourced) and bacterial products in the development and progression of breast cancer. The intestinal microbial translocation suggests that the gut microbiome is translocated to the skin and subsequently to the breast tissue. The gut bacterial translocation is also due to the increased intestinal permeability. The breast and intestinal microbiota are important factors in maintaining healthy breasts. Micronutrition queuine (Q) is derived from a de novo synthesized metabolite in bacteria. All human cells use queuine and incorporate it into the wobble anticodon position of specific transfer RNAs. We have demonstrated that Q modification regulates genes critical in tight junctions and migration in human breast cancer cells and a breast tumor model. We further discuss the challenges and future perspectives that can move the field forward for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of breast diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilei Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Yinglin Xia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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10
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Shen W, Tang D, Deng Y, Li H, Wang T, Wan P, Liu R. Association of gut microbiomes with lung and esophageal cancer: a pilot study. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:128. [PMID: 34212246 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03086-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota, especially human pathogens, has been shown to be involved in the occurrence and development of cancer. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and lung cancer are two malignant cancers, and their relationship with gut microbiota is still unclear. Virulence factor database (VFDB) is an integrated and comprehensive online resource for curating information about human pathogens. Here, based on VFDB database, we analyzed the differences of bacteria at genus level in the gut of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, lung cancer, and healthy controls. We proposed the possible cancer-associated bacteria in gut and put forward their possible effects. Apart from this, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and analysis of similarities (ANSOIM) suggested that some bacteria in the gut can be used as potential biomarkers to screen esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and lung cancer, and their effectiveness was preliminary verified. The relative abundance of Klebsiella and Streptococcus can be used to distinguish patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and lung cancer from healthy controls. The absolute abundance of Klebsiella can further distinguish patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma from patients with lung cancer. In particular, the relative abundance of Fusobacterium can directly distinguish between patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and healthy controls. Additionally, the absolute abundance of Haemophilus can distinguish lung cancer from healthy controls. Our study provided a new way based on VFDB database to explore the relationship between gut microbiota and cancer, and initially proposed a feasible cancer screening method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Environment Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Derong Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, 223300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yali Deng
- Key Laboratory of Environment Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Huilin Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Tian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ping Wan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Gatarek P, Kaluzna-Czaplinska J. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in human health. EXCLI JOURNAL 2021; 20:301-319. [PMID: 33746664 PMCID: PMC7975634 DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-3239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Due to numerous links between trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and various disorders and diseases, this topic is very popular and is often taken up by researchers. TMAO is a low molecular weight compound that belongs to the class of amine oxides. It is formed by the process of oxidation of trimethylamine (TMA) by the hepatic flavin monooxygenases (FMO1 and FMO3). TMAO is mainly formed from nutritional substrates from the metabolism of phosphatidylcholine/choline, carnitine, betaine, dimethylglycine, and ergothioneine by intestinal microflora in the colon. Its level is determined by many factors, such as age, gender, diet, intestinal microflora composition, kidney function, and also liver flavin monooxygenase activity. Many studies report a positive relationship between the level of TMAO concentration and the development of various diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and cardiorenal disorders, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, ischemic stroke, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, and chronic kidney disease, and also diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, cancers (stomach, colon), as well as neurological disorders. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge on the effects of TMAO on human health, the relationship between TMAO and intestinal microbiota, the role of TMAO in different diseases, and current analytical techniques used in TMAO determination in body fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Gatarek
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Kaluzna-Czaplinska
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
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Qiu Q, Lin Y, Ma Y, Li X, Liang J, Chen Z, Liu K, Huang Y, Luo H, Huang R, Luo L. Exploring the Emerging Role of the Gut Microbiota and Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 11:612202. [PMID: 33488618 PMCID: PMC7817884 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.612202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex ecosystem, which includes many different types of cells, abnormal vascular systems, and immunosuppressive cytokines. TME serves an important function in tumor tolerance and escapes from immune surveillance leading to tumor progression. Indeed, there is increasing evidence that gut microbiome is associated with cancer in a variety of ways, as specific microbial signatures are known to promote cancer development and influence safety, tolerability, and efficacy of therapies. Studies over the past five years have shown that the composition of the intestinal microbiota has a significant impact on the efficacy of anticancer immunosurveillance, which contribute to the therapeutic activity of cancer immunotherapies based on targeting cytotoxic T lymphocyte protein 4 (CTLA-4) or programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)-programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis. In this review, we mainly discuss the impact of TME on cancer and immunotherapy through immune-related mechanisms. We subsequently discuss the influence of gut microbiota and its metabolites on the host immune system and the formation of TME. In addition, this review also summarizes the latest research on the role of gut microbiota in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Qiu
- Graduate School, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yuqi Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yucui Ma
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Animal Experiment Center, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Juan Liang
- Graduate School, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhiyan Chen
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Kaifeng Liu
- The First Clinical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yuge Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hui Luo
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Riming Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianxiang Luo
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, China
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Simin J, Fornes R, Liu Q, Olsen RS, Callens S, Engstrand L, Brusselaers N. Antibiotic use and risk of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:1825-1832. [PMID: 32968205 PMCID: PMC7722751 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01082-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is understudied whether the posed association of oral antibiotics with colorectal cancer (CRC) varies between antibiotic spectrums, colorectal continuum, and if a non-linear dose-dependent relationship is present. DESIGN Three electronic databases and a trial platform were searched for all relevant studies, from inception until February 2020, without restrictions. Random-effects meta-analyses provided pooled effect-sizes (ES) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Dose-response analyses modelling the relationship between number of days exposed to antibiotics and CRC risk were extended to non-linear multivariable random-effects models. RESULTS Of 6483 identified publications ten were eligible, including 4.1 million individuals and over 73,550 CRC cases. The pooled CRC risk was increased among individuals who ever-used antibiotics (ES = 1.17, 95%CI 1.05-1.30), particularly for broad-spectrum antibiotics (ES = 1.70, 95%CI 1.26-2.30), but not for narrow-spectrum antibiotic (ES = 1.11, 95% 0.93-1.32). The dose-response analysis did not provide strong evidence of any particular dose-response association, and the risk patterns were rather similar for colon and rectal cancer. DISCUSSION The antibiotic use associated CRC risk seemingly differs between broad- and narrow-spectrum antibiotics, and possibly within the colorectal continuum. It remains unclear whether this association is causal, requiring more mechanistic studies and further clarification of drug-microbiome interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Simin
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum kvarter 8A. Solnavägen 9, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), SE-171 21, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Romina Fornes
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum kvarter 8A. Solnavägen 9, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), SE-171 21, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qing Liu
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum kvarter 8A. Solnavägen 9, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), SE-171 21, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Renate Slind Olsen
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum kvarter 8A. Solnavägen 9, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steven Callens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lars Engstrand
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum kvarter 8A. Solnavägen 9, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), SE-171 21, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nele Brusselaers
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum kvarter 8A. Solnavägen 9, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), SE-171 21, Stockholm, Sweden
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Fujiwara N, Kitamura N, Yoshida K, Yamamoto T, Ozaki K, Kudo Y. Involvement of Fusobacterium Species in Oral Cancer Progression: A Literature Review Including Other Types of Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176207. [PMID: 32867334 PMCID: PMC7504605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation caused by infections has been suggested to be one of the most important cause of cancers. It has recently been shown that there is correlation between intestinal bacteria and cancer development including metastasis. As over 700 bacterial species exist in an oral cavity, it has been concerning that bacterial infection may cause oral cancer. However, the role of bacteria regarding tumorigenesis of oral cancer remains unclear. Several papers have shown that Fusobacterium species deriving the oral cavities, especially, play a crucial role for the development of colorectal and esophageal cancer. F. nucleatum is a well-known oral bacterium involved in formation of typical dental plaque on human teeth and causing periodontal diseases. The greatest characteristic of F. nucleatum is its ability to adhere to various bacteria and host cells. Interestingly, F. nucleatum is frequently detected in oral cancer tissues. Moreover, detection of F. nucleatum is correlated with the clinical stage of oral cancer. Although the detailed mechanism is still unclear, Fusobacterium species have been suggested to be associated with cell adhesion, tumorigenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, inflammasomes, cell cycle, etc. in oral cancer. In this review, we introduce the reports focused on the association of Fusobacterium species with cancer development and progression including oral, esophageal, and colon cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Fujiwara
- Department of Oral Health Care Promotion, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan; (N.F.); (K.O.)
- Department of Oral Biology & Diagnostic Sciences, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Naoya Kitamura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku 783-8505, Japan; (N.K.); (T.Y.)
| | - Kaya Yoshida
- Department of Oral Health Care Education, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan;
| | - Tetsuya Yamamoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku 783-8505, Japan; (N.K.); (T.Y.)
| | - Kazumi Ozaki
- Department of Oral Health Care Promotion, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan; (N.F.); (K.O.)
| | - Yasusei Kudo
- Department of Oral Bioscience, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-88-633-7325
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Simin J, Tamimi RM, Engstrand L, Callens S, Brusselaers N. Antibiotic use and the risk of breast cancer: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105072. [PMID: 32679181 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oral antibiotics are posed as a possible risk factor for breast cancer. Evidence is insufficient to determine whether the choice of antibiotic class could effect this potential association, and non-linearity has not been studied. We aimed to fill these important knowledge gaps. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and a trial registry were searched from inception until January 2020, without any restrictions. Additionally, extensive manual searches were undertaken. Random-effects meta-analyses provided pooled risk estimates with 95 % confidence intervals (CI). Dose-response analyses modeling the relationship between number of antibiotic prescriptions and breast cancer risk were extended to non-linear models. Heterogeneity, publication bias and small-study effects were assessed. RESULTS Of 7805 identified publications ten were eligible, including 3,719,383 individuals and 84,485 breast cancer cases. The pooled breast cancer risk was modestly increased among individuals who ever used antibiotics (relative risk RR = 1.18, 95 %CI 1.08-1.29), also after excluding the last year prior diagnosis. This excess risk was seen among penicillin (RR = 1.09, 95 %CI 1.01-1.18), tetracycline (RR = 1.13, 95 %CI 1.04-1.24) and nitrofuran users (RR = 1.26, 95 %CI 1.05-1.52), whilst nitroimidazole and metronidazole use (RR = 1.05, 95 %CI 1.00-1.11) indicated for marginal association. No apparent association was found for other antibiotics. Data suggested for a non-linear dose-dependent relationship, with a seemingly protective effect after at least 35 prescriptions. However, these findings might partly be explained by limited power of dose-response analyses. CONCLUSIONS The association of antibiotics with breast cancer risk appears to differ between the various antibiotic classes. Whether this association is causal remains unclear, requiring further clarification and mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Simin
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Dept. of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum Kvarter 8A, Tomtebodavägen 16, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), SE-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lars Engstrand
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Dept. of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum Kvarter 8A, Tomtebodavägen 16, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), SE-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steven Callens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
| | - Nele Brusselaers
- Centre for Translational Microbiome Research (CTMR), Dept. of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum Kvarter 8A, Tomtebodavägen 16, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), SE-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden
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Microbial Alterations and Risk Factors of Breast Cancer: Connections and Mechanistic Insights. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051091. [PMID: 32354130 PMCID: PMC7290701 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer-related mortality remains high worldwide, despite tremendous advances in diagnostics and therapeutics; hence, the quest for better strategies for disease management, as well as the identification of modifiable risk factors, continues. With recent leaps in genomic technologies, microbiota have emerged as major players in most cancers, including breast cancer. Interestingly, microbial alterations have been observed with some of the established risk factors of breast cancer, such as obesity, aging and periodontal disease. Higher levels of estrogen, a risk factor for breast cancer that cross-talks with other risk factors such as alcohol intake, obesity, parity, breastfeeding, early menarche and late menopause, are also modulated by microbial dysbiosis. In this review, we discuss the association between known breast cancer risk factors and altered microbiota. An important question related to microbial dysbiosis and cancer is the underlying mechanisms by which alterations in microbiota can support cancer progression. To this end, we review the involvement of microbial metabolites as effector molecules, the modulation of the metabolism of xenobiotics, the induction of systemic immune modulation, and altered responses to therapy owing to microbial dysbiosis. Given the association of breast cancer risk factors with microbial dysbiosis and the multitude of mechanisms altered by dysbiotic microbiota, an impaired microbiome is, in itself, an important risk factor.
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Yadav M, Mandeep, Shukla P. Probiotics of Diverse Origin and Their Therapeutic Applications: A Review. J Am Coll Nutr 2019; 39:469-479. [PMID: 31765283 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2019.1691957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The increased awareness about the harmful effects of excessive use of antibiotics has created an interest in probiotics due to its beneficial effects on gut microbiota. These advantages of probiotics have attracted researchers to find out effects on human metabolism and their role in the treatment of diverse types of diseases or disorders. Additionally, they are clinically used as biocontrol agents in the treatment of mental disorders, anticancer agents and in decreasing the threat of necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants. In this review, we have focused on various kinds of probiotics and various nondairy substrates for their production. We have also included the importance of probiotics in the treatment of metabolic disorders, type II diabetes and infectious diseases. Furthermore, this review emphasizes applications of probiotics originated from different organisms. Their future health perspectives are discussed to gain insight into their applications.KEY TEACHING POINTSThe global market of probiotics is enormously rising day by day due to its highly beneficial effect on human microbiota.Additionally, these are used as biocontrol agents; mental disorders prevent cancer and decrease the threat of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in premature infants.This review focuses on various kinds of sources of probiotics and various non-dairy substrates for the production of probiotics.The importance of probiotics in the treatment of metabolic disorders, type II diabetes control, cancer and treatment of infectious diseases are also described.It emphasizes diversified probiotics and their applications in various human health aspects and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Yadav
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Mandeep
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Varian BJ, Poutahidis T, Haner G, Hardas A, Lau V, Erdman SE. Consuming cholera toxin counteracts age-associated obesity. Oncotarget 2019; 10:5497-5509. [PMID: 31565184 PMCID: PMC6756858 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past forty years there has been an inexplicable increase in chronic inflammatory disorders, including obesity. One theory, the ‘hygiene hypothesis’, involves dysregulated immunity arising after too few beneficial early life microbe exposures. Indeed, earlier studies have shown that gut microbe-immune interactions contribute to smoldering inflammation, adiposity, and weight gain. Here we tested a safe and well-established microbe-based immune adjuvant to restore immune homeostasis and counteract inflammation-associated obesity in animal models. We found that consuming Vibrio cholerae exotoxin subunit B (ctB) was sufficient to inhibit age-associated obesogenic outcomes in wild type mice, including reduced crown-like structures (CLS) and granulomatous necrosis histopathology in fat depots. Administration of cholera toxin reduced weight gain irrespective of age during administration; however, exposure during youth imparted greater slenderizing effects when compared with animals receiving ctB for the first time during adulthood. Beneficial effects were transplantable to other obesity-prone animals using immune cells alone, demonstrating an immune-mediated mechanism. Taken together, we concluded that oral vaccination with cholera toxin B helps stimulate health-protective immune responses that counteract age-associated obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard J Varian
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Theofilos Poutahidis
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.,Department of infectious Diseases and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Gordon Haner
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Alex Hardas
- Department of infectious Diseases and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Vanessa Lau
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Susan E Erdman
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
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Zhao R, Cheng N, Nakata PA, Zhao L, Hu Q. Consumption of polysaccharides from Auricularia auricular modulates the intestinal microbiota in mice. Food Res Int 2019; 123:383-392. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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20
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Zhao R, Hu Q, Ma G, Su A, Xie M, Li X, Chen G, Zhao L. Effects of Flammulina velutipes polysaccharide on immune response and intestinal microbiota in mice. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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21
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Ranjbar S, Seyednejad SA, Azimi H, Rezaeizadeh H, Rahimi R. Emerging Roles of Probiotics in Prevention and Treatment of Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of Their Therapeutic Potential. Nutr Cancer 2019; 71:1-12. [PMID: 30686054 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1557221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. Need for novel preventive and curative approaches with more safety than the present one seems inevitable. This review is devoted to potentially favorable role of probiotics in prevention and treatment of breast cancer as well as their alleviating role regarding chemotherapy-induced side effects. Literature was searched for human, animal, and in vitro studies about the role of probiotics in breast cancer. In vitro studies showed that probiotic intervention induces cancer cells apoptosis and inhibits their proliferation. In animal models, treatment with probiotics inhibited tumor growth and reduced tumor size; also, the immunomodulatory, antiangiogenesis and antimetastatic activities of probiotics were illustrated. Human studies showed that intake of Lactobacillus casei shirota reduced the breast cancer incidence and consumption of fermented milk products and yogurt was inversely associated with breast cancer incidence; however, no study regarding the curative role of probiotics in breast cancer is available. Studies on the effect of probiotics on chemotherapy-induced side effects in breast cancer were contradictory but showed potential for more investigation. Probiotics seem to have a potential role in both prevention and treatment of breast cancer. However, more clinical studies are needed to elucidate their efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheyda Ranjbar
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Seyed Afshin Seyednejad
- b Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Haniye Azimi
- b Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Hossein Rezaeizadeh
- c Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Roja Rahimi
- d Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,e Evidence-Based Medicine Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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22
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Mohammed H, Varoni EM, Cochis A, Cordaro M, Gallenzi P, Patini R, Staderini E, Lajolo C, Rimondini L, Rocchetti V. Oral Dysbiosis in Pancreatic Cancer and Liver Cirrhosis: A Review of the Literature. Biomedicines 2018; 6:biomedicines6040115. [PMID: 30544974 PMCID: PMC6316311 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6040115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human body is naturally colonized by a huge number of different commensal microbial species, in a relatively stable equilibrium. When this microbial community undergoes dysbiosis at any part of the body, it interacts with the innate immune system and results in a poor health status, locally or systemically. Research studies show that bacteria are capable of significantly influencing specific cells of the immune system, resulting in many diseases, including a neoplastic response. Amongst the multiple different types of diseases, pancreatic cancer and liver cirrhosis were significantly considered in this paper, as they are major fatal diseases. Recently, these two diseases were shown to be associated with increased or decreased numbers of certain oral bacterial species. These findings open the way for a broader perception and more specific investigative studies, to better understand the possible future treatment and prevention. This review aims to describe the correlation between oral dysbiosis and both pancreatic cancer and liver cirrhotic diseases, as well as demonstrating the possible diagnostic and treatment modalities, relying on the oral microbiota, itself, as prospective, simple, applicable non-invasive approaches to patients, by focusing on the state of the art. PubMed was electronically searched, using the following key words: "oral microbiota" and "pancreatic cancer" (PC), "liver cirrhosis", "systemic involvement", and "inflammatory mediators". Oral dysbiosis is a common problem related to poor oral or systemic health conditions. Oral pathogens can disseminate to distant body organs via the local, oral blood circulation, or pass through the gastrointestinal tract and enter into the systemic circulation. Once oral pathogens reach an organ, they modify the immune response and stimulate the release of the inflammatory mediators, this results in a disease. Recent studies have reported a correlation between oral dysbiosis and the increased risk of pancreatic and liver diseases and provided evidence of the presence of oral pathogens in diseased organs. The profound impact that microbial communities have on human health, provides a wide domain towards precisely investigating and clearly understanding the mechanism of many diseases, including cancer. Oral microbiota is an essential contributor to health status and imbalance in this community was correlated to oral and systemic diseases. The presence of elevated numbers of certain oral bacteria, particularly P. gingivalis, as well as elevated levels of blood serum antibodies, against this bacterial species, was associated with a higher risk of pancreatic cancer and liver cirrhosis incidence. Attempts are increasingly directed towards investigating the composition of oral microbiome as a simple diagnostic approach in multiple diseases, including pancreatic and liver pathosis. Moreover, treatment efforts are concerned in the recruitment of microbiota, for remedial purposes of the aforementioned and other different diseases. Further investigation is required to confirm and clarify the role of oral microbiota in enhancing pancreatic and liver diseases. Improving the treatment modalities requires an exertion of more effort, especially, concerning the microbiome engineering and oral microbiota transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Mohammed
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy.
- Fondazione Novara Sviluppo, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Elena Maria Varoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Surgery and Dentistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy.
| | - Andrea Cochis
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy.
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Massimo Cordaro
- Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Gallenzi
- Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Romeo Patini
- Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Edoardo Staderini
- Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Carlo Lajolo
- Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Lia Rimondini
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy.
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Rocchetti
- Fondazione Novara Sviluppo, 28100 Novara, Italy.
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy.
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23
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van Elsland D, Neefjes J. Bacterial infections and cancer. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201846632. [PMID: 30348892 PMCID: PMC6216254 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201846632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections are estimated to contribute to 20% of all human tumours. These are mainly caused by viruses, which explains why a direct bacterial contribution to cancer formation has been largely ignored. While epidemiological data link bacterial infections to particular cancers, tumour formation is generally assumed to be solely caused by the ensuing inflammation responses. Yet, many bacteria directly manipulate their host cell in various phases of their infection cycle. Such manipulations can affect host cell integrity and can contribute to cancer formation. We here describe how bacterial surface moieties, bacterial protein toxins and bacterial effector proteins can induce host cell DNA damage, and thereby can interfere with essential host cell signalling pathways involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation and immune signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne van Elsland
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques Neefjes
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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24
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Diosgenin promotes antitumor immunity and PD-1 antibody efficacy against melanoma by regulating intestinal microbiota. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1039. [PMID: 30305604 PMCID: PMC6179990 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1099-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Diosgenin, a natural steroidal saponin, can exert antitumor effect by regulating immune function and improving intestinal microbiota. The response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy is associated with intestinal microbiota and effector T cells in tumor microenvironment. We hypothesize that the modulation of diosgenin on intestinal microbiota can facilitate antitumor immunity and the therapeutic efficacy of PD-1 antibody. In melanoma-bearing C57BL/6 mice, we observed that the anti-melanoma effect of diosgenin relied more on antitumor immunity than direct tumor inhibition activity evidenced by obvious CD4+/CD8+ T-cell infiltration and IFN-γ expression in tumor tissues, and it could improve the compositions of intestinal microbiota. Antibiotics impaired the therapeutic efficacy and immunity responses of diosgenin through disturbing intestinal microbiota, indicating the importance of intestinal microbiota in diosgenin’s in vivo antitumor activity. More importantly, the combined administration of PD-1 antibody with diosgenin aggravated the tumor necrosis and apoptosis by eliciting augmented T-cell responses. Taken together, diosgenin can be used as a microecological regulator to induce antitumor immunity and improve the efficacy of immune checkpoint antibody, making it more suitable for the treatment of malignant tumors.
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25
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Hu L, Zhou C, Li H, Zhang M, Xu W. Instantaneous Response of Bacteria to External Stimuli Monitored by Syringe Spray Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2018; 90:11417-11422. [PMID: 30170494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Microbial adaptation to environmental stress involves complex adaptations of bacteria. Many such responses are transient and dynamic. However, monitoring the dynamic responses of live bacteria to stimulations at the molecular level remain a challenge. This work describes the development of syringe spray mass spectrometry (MS) method that allows direct analyses of molecules released by the bacteria in responses to external stimuli with second level time resolution. We report the application of this technique to visualize the dynamic release of small molecules from Escherichia coli ( E. coli) under ethanol and isopropanol treatments. With the unique time-resolved capability, detailed destruction process of alcohol on bacteria cell wall could be observed. Compared to other ethanol concentrations, 75% ethanol showed stronger damages to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and peptidoglycan located on E. coli cell wall. Furthermore, isopropanol showed stronger liposolubility and permeability, and an equilibrium could be achieved in a much shorter time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Hu
- School of Life Science , Beijing Institute of Technology , No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street , Haidian District, Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Chuangui Zhou
- School of Life Science , Beijing Institute of Technology , No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street , Haidian District, Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Hang Li
- School of Life Science , Beijing Institute of Technology , No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street , Haidian District, Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Mei Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica , Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Life Science , Beijing Institute of Technology , No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street , Haidian District, Beijing 100081 , China
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26
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Ling ZA, Zhang LJ, Ye ZH, Dang YW, Chen G, Li RL, Zeng JJ. Immunohistochemical distribution of FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in colorectal cancer patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:1841-1854. [PMID: 31938291 PMCID: PMC6958190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Background: Recent studies have focused on less invasive methods for diagnosing and predicting survival outcomes for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Objective: We studied the role of the transcription factor forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) in the tumorigenesis of CRC and investigated its prognostic value in survival outcome estimates. Methods: FOXP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cell levels in CRC and adjacent tissues were measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and compared statistically. A literature search was conducted on FOXP3+ Treg cell density and survival rates, including overall survival, disease-free survival, and cancer-specific survival. Meta-analyses were then performed to determine the prognostic value of FOXP3+ Treg cell levels in CRC patients. Results: FOXP3+ Treg cells were increased in CRC tissues over adjacent controls according to the IHC results (t = 14.321; P < 0.001) and cell densities in cases with metastases were higher than those without metastasis (P < 0.05). Cases with serosal infiltration showed higher FOXP3+ Treg cell densities compared to cases without infiltration (P < 0.05) and cell densities in cases differentiated to a lower degree than in cases showing a medium to high degree of differentiation (P < 0.05). Moreover, meta-analysis found a high FOXP3+ Treg cells density in CRC tissues (standardized mean differences = 0.30 [95% CI: 0.03-0.57]), which was correlated with better overall patient survival outcome (hazard ratio = 0.749 [95% CI: 0.648-0.867]). Conclusions: Increased FOXP3+ Treg cells may be an effective marker for tumorigenesis and clinical prognostic evaluation for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-An Ling
- Department of Emergency, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Li-Jie Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Ye
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yi-Wu Dang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ruo-Lin Li
- Department of Scientific Research, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zeng
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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27
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Subramaniam S, Fletcher C. Trimethylamine N-oxide: breathe new life. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:1344-1353. [PMID: 28745401 PMCID: PMC5866995 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Association between elevated levels of systemic trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and increased risk for adverse cardiovascular events have been proposed in recent years. Increasing experimental and clinical evidence in the last decade has implicated TMAO as an important contributor to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. TMAO, the oxygenated product of trimethylamine (TMA), belongs to the class of amine oxides. Most of the TMA derived from the metabolism of choline and L-carnitine by gut bacteria is absorbed into the bloodstream and gets rapidly oxidized to TMAO by the hepatic enzyme, flavin-containing monooxgenase-3. Here, we discussed the biosynthesis of TMAO and clinical studies that have assessed TMAO as a biomarker for various cardiovascular and other diseases such as kidney failure, thrombosis, atherosclerosis, obesity, diabetes and cancer. We also summarized the interaction of TMAO with synthetic and traditional molecules that together affect circulating TMAO levels. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Spotlight on Small Molecules in Cardiovascular Diseases. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.8/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Subramaniam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, McAllister Heart InstituteUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Craig Fletcher
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, McAllister Heart InstituteUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
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28
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Zou S, Fang L, Lee MH. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota in promoting the development of colorectal cancer. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2018; 6:1-12. [PMID: 29479437 PMCID: PMC5806407 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/gox031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal microbiome, containing at least 100 trillion bacteria, resides in the mucosal surface of human intestine. Recent studies show that perturbations in the microbiota may influence physiology and link to a number of diseases, including colon tumorigenesis. Colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most common cancer, is the disease resulting from multi-genes and multi-factors, but the mechanistic details between gut microenvironment and CRC remain poorly characterized. Thanks to new technologies such as metagenome sequencing, progress in large-scale analysis of the genetic and metabolic profile of gut microbial has been possible, which has facilitated studies about microbiota composition, taxonomic alterations and host interactions. Different bacterial species and their metabolites play critical roles in the development of CRC. Also, microbiota is important in the inflammatory response and immune processes deregulation during the development and progression of CRC. This review summarizes current studies regarding the association between gastrointestinal microbiota and the development of CRC, which provides insights into the therapeutic strategy of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaomin Zou
- Research Institute of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510020, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510020, China
| | - Lekun Fang
- Research Institute of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510020, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510020, China
| | - Mong-Hong Lee
- Research Institute of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510020, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510020, China
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29
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Lozano VL, Defarge N, Rocque LM, Mesnage R, Hennequin D, Cassier R, de Vendômois JS, Panoff JM, Séralini GE, Amiel C. Sex-dependent impact of Roundup on the rat gut microbiome. Toxicol Rep 2017; 5:96-107. [PMID: 29854581 PMCID: PMC5977165 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We have examined the long-term effects of Roundup on rat gut microbiota. 141 bacteria families were identified by a high-throughput sequencing approach. Roundup caused an alteration of the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio. An environmental concentration of Roundup has a sex-dependent impact on rat gut microbiome.
A growing body of research suggests that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota induced by environmental pollutants, such as pesticides, could have a role in the development of metabolic disorders. We have examined the long-term effects of 3 doses of the Roundup(R) herbicide (made of glyphosate and formulants) on the gut microbiota in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. A total of 141 bacteria families were identified by a 16S sequencing analysis approach. An OPLS-DA analysis revealed an increased Bacteroidetes family S24-7 and a decreased Lactobacillaceae in 8 out of the 9 females treated with 3 different doses of R (n = 3, for each dose). These effects were confirmed by repetitive sequence-based PCR fingerprinting showing a clustering of treated females. A culture-based method showed that R had a direct effect on rat gut microbiota. Cultivable species showed different sensitivities to R, including the presence of a high tolerant or resistant strain identified as Escherichia coli by 16S rRNA sequencing. The high tolerance of this E. Coli strain was explained by the absence of the EPSPS gene (coding glyphosate target enzyme) as shown by DNA amplification. Overall, these gut microbiome disturbances showed a substantial overlap with those associated with liver dysfunction in other studies. In conclusion, we revealed that an environmental concentration of R (0.1 ppb) and other two concentrations (400 ppm and 5,000 ppm) have a sex-dependent impact on rat gut microbiome composition and thus warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica L Lozano
- University of Caen Normandy (UCN), UR ABTE, EA 4651 Boulevard Maréchal Juin, CS 14032 Caen Cedex 5, France.,Network on Risks, Quality and Sustainable Environment MRSH, University of Caen Normandy, Esplanade de la Paix, CS 14032, Caen Cedex 5, France
| | - Nicolas Defarge
- CRIIGEN, 81 rue Monceau, 75008 Paris, France.,University of Caen Normandy (UCN), Esplanade de la Paix, CS 14032, Caen Cedex 5, France
| | - Louis-Marie Rocque
- AdGène Laboratoire, 1 Rue des Conquérants, CS 14220, Thury-Harcourt, France.,CRIIGEN, 81 rue Monceau, 75008 Paris, France
| | - Robin Mesnage
- CRIIGEN, 81 rue Monceau, 75008 Paris, France.,Gene Expression and Therapy Group, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, 8th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Didier Hennequin
- University of Caen Normandy (UCN), UR ABTE, EA 4651 Boulevard Maréchal Juin, CS 14032 Caen Cedex 5, France
| | - Renaud Cassier
- AdGène Laboratoire, 1 Rue des Conquérants, CS 14220, Thury-Harcourt, France
| | | | - Jean-Michel Panoff
- University of Caen Normandy (UCN), UR ABTE, EA 4651 Boulevard Maréchal Juin, CS 14032 Caen Cedex 5, France.,CRIIGEN, 81 rue Monceau, 75008 Paris, France.,University of Caen Normandy (UCN), Esplanade de la Paix, CS 14032, Caen Cedex 5, France.,Network on Risks, Quality and Sustainable Environment MRSH, University of Caen Normandy, Esplanade de la Paix, CS 14032, Caen Cedex 5, France
| | - Gilles-Eric Séralini
- University of Caen Normandy (UCN), UR ABTE, EA 4651 Boulevard Maréchal Juin, CS 14032 Caen Cedex 5, France.,CRIIGEN, 81 rue Monceau, 75008 Paris, France.,Network on Risks, Quality and Sustainable Environment MRSH, University of Caen Normandy, Esplanade de la Paix, CS 14032, Caen Cedex 5, France
| | - Caroline Amiel
- University of Caen Normandy (UCN), UR ABTE, EA 4651 Boulevard Maréchal Juin, CS 14032 Caen Cedex 5, France.,CRIIGEN, 81 rue Monceau, 75008 Paris, France.,Network on Risks, Quality and Sustainable Environment MRSH, University of Caen Normandy, Esplanade de la Paix, CS 14032, Caen Cedex 5, France
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30
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Functional analysis of Cullin 3 E3 ligases in tumorigenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1869:11-28. [PMID: 29128526 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cullin 3-RING ligases (CRL3) play pivotal roles in the regulation of various physiological and pathological processes, including neoplastic events. The substrate adaptors of CRL3 typically contain a BTB domain that mediates the interaction between Cullin 3 and target substrates to promote their ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. The biological implications of CRL3 adaptor proteins have been well described where they have been found to play a role as either an oncogene, tumor suppressor, or can mediate either of these effects in a context-dependent manner. Among the extensively studied CRL3-based E3 ligases, the role of the adaptor protein SPOP (speckle type BTB/POZ protein) in tumorigenesis appears to be tissue or cellular context dependent. Specifically, SPOP acts as a tumor suppressor via destabilizing downstream oncoproteins in many malignancies, especially in prostate cancer. However, SPOP has largely an oncogenic role in kidney cancer. Keap1, another well-characterized CRL3 adaptor protein, likely serves as a tumor suppressor within diverse malignancies, mainly due to its specific turnover of its downstream oncogenic substrate, NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2). In accordance with the physiological role the various CRL3 adaptors exhibit, several pharmacological agents have been developed to disrupt its E3 ligase activity, therefore blocking its potential oncogenic activity to mitigate tumorigenesis.
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31
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Erdman SE, Poutahidis T. Gut microbiota modulate host immune cells in cancer development and growth. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 105:28-34. [PMID: 27840315 PMCID: PMC5831246 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence shows that microbe interactions with the host immune system impact diverse aspects of cancer development and treatment. As a result, exciting new opportunities exist for engineering diets and microbe cocktails to lower cancer risks with fewer adverse clinical effects than traditional strategies. Microbe-based therapies may ultimately be used to reinforce host immune balance and extinguish cancer for generations to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Erdman
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Theofilos Poutahidis
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
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32
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Stroncek DF, Butterfield LH, Cannarile MA, Dhodapkar MV, Greten TF, Grivel JC, Kaufman DR, Kong HH, Korangy F, Lee PP, Marincola F, Rutella S, Siebert JC, Trinchieri G, Seliger B. Systematic evaluation of immune regulation and modulation. J Immunother Cancer 2017; 5:21. [PMID: 28331613 PMCID: PMC5359947 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-017-0223-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies are showing promising clinical results in a variety of malignancies. Monitoring the immune as well as the tumor response following these therapies has led to significant advancements in the field. Moreover, the identification and assessment of both predictive and prognostic biomarkers has become a key component to advancing these therapies. Thus, it is critical to develop systematic approaches to monitor the immune response and to interpret the data obtained from these assays. In order to address these issues and make recommendations to the field, the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer reconvened the Immune Biomarkers Task Force. As a part of this Task Force, Working Group 3 (WG3) consisting of multidisciplinary experts from industry, academia, and government focused on the systematic assessment of immune regulation and modulation. In this review, the tumor microenvironment, microbiome, bone marrow, and adoptively transferred T cells will be used as examples to discuss the type and timing of sample collection. In addition, potential types of measurements, assays, and analyses will be discussed for each sample. Specifically, these recommendations will focus on the unique collection and assay requirements for the analysis of various samples as well as the high-throughput assays to evaluate potential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Stroncek
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room 3C720, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Lisa H Butterfield
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Michael A Cannarile
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Madhav V Dhodapkar
- Department of Hematology & Immunobiology, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, Box 208021, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
| | - Tim F Greten
- GI-Malignancy Section, Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10 Room 12 N226, 9000 Rockville, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Jean Charles Grivel
- Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medical and Research Center, PO Box 26999, Al Luqta Street, Doha, Qatar
| | - David R Kaufman
- Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 1000, UG 3CD28, North Wales, PA 19454 USA
| | - Heidi H Kong
- Dermatology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, MSC 1908, Bethesda, MD 20892-1908 USA
| | - Firouzeh Korangy
- GI-Malignancy Section, Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10 Room 12 N226, 9000 Rockville, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Peter P Lee
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010 USA
| | - Francesco Marincola
- Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medical and Research Center, PO Box 26999, Al Luqta Street, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sergio Rutella
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, Nottingham, NG11 8NS UK
| | - Janet C Siebert
- CytoAnalytics, 3500 South Albion Street, Cherry Hills Village, CO 80113 USA
| | - Giorgio Trinchieri
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 37/Room 4146, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 2, Halle, Germany
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33
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Gastrointestinal microbiome and breast cancer: correlations, mechanisms and potential clinical implications. Breast Cancer 2016; 24:220-228. [PMID: 27709424 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-016-0734-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal microbiome plays as a symbiont which provides protection effect against invading pathogens, aids in the immune system development, nutrient reclamation and absorption as well as molecule breakdown. And it may avert carcinogenesis through these biological activities. By now, studies have been carried out to elaborate the association between gastrointestinal microbiome and breast cancer. It has been implicated that breast cancer was substantially associated with estrogen-dependent and estrogen-independent functions of gastrointestinal microbiome. Evidence from animal experiments also confirmed mammary tumor-related changes in microbial community. The possible mechanisms involve estrogen metabolism, immune regulation, obese status and so forth. Based on the current evidence, cues on future management strategies of breast cancer such as antibiotics and dietary interventions are proposed. In conclusion, large-scale clinical studies and bench-based researches are needed to validate the associations and elaborate the mechanisms, so as to reduce the risk of breast cancer and improve the outcomes of those already diagnosed.
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34
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Poutahidis T, Erdman SE. Commensal bacteria modulate the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Lett 2016; 380:356-8. [PMID: 26739062 PMCID: PMC4942371 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been recently shown that gut microbes modulate whole host immune and hormonal factors impacting the fate of distant preneoplastic lesions toward malignancy or regression. This raises the possibility that the tumor microenvironment interacts with broader systemic microbial-immune networks. These accumulated findings suggest novel therapeutic opportunities for holobiont engineering in emerging tumor microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theofilos Poutahidis
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece 54124
| | - Susan E Erdman
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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35
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Nakada-Tsukui K, Nozaki T. Immune Response of Amebiasis and Immune Evasion by Entamoeba histolytica. Front Immunol 2016; 7:175. [PMID: 27242782 PMCID: PMC4863898 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite and the causative agent of amebiasis. It is estimated approximately 1% of humans are infected with E. histolytica, resulting in an estimate of 100,000 deaths annually. Clinical manifestations of amebic infection range widely from asymptomatic to severe symptoms, including dysentery and extra-intestinal abscesses. Like other infectious diseases, it is assumed that only ~20% of infected individuals develop symptoms, and genetic factors of both the parasite and humans as well as the environmental factors, e.g., microbiota, determine outcome of infection. There are multiple essential steps in amebic infection: degradation of and invasion into the mucosal layer, adherence to the intestinal epithelium, invasion into the tissues, and dissemination to other organs. While the mechanisms of invasion and destruction of the host tissues by the amebae during infection have been elucidated at the molecular levels, it remains largely uncharacterized how the parasite survive in the host by evading and attacking host immune system. Recently, the strategies for immune evasion by the parasite have been unraveled, including immunomodulation to suppress IFN-γ production, elimination of immune cells and soluble immune mediators, and metabolic alterations against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species to fend off the attack from immune system. In this review, we summarized the latest knowledge on immune reaction and immune evasion during amebiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Nakada-Tsukui
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Nozaki
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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36
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