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Liu MJ, Zhao Y, Li QT, Lei XY, He KY, Guo JR, Yang JY, Yan ZH, Wu DH, Zhang L, Jian YP, Xu ZX. HMGA1 promotes the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by elevating TKT-mediated upregulation of pentose phosphate pathway. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:541. [PMID: 39080260 PMCID: PMC11289123 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06933-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) possesses a poor prognosis and treatment outcome. Dysregulated metabolism contributes to unrestricted growth of multiple cancers. However, abnormal metabolism, such as highly activated pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) in the progression of ESCC remains largely unknown. Herein, we report that high-mobility group AT-hook 1 (HMGA1), a structural transcriptional factor involved in chromatin remodeling, promoted the development of ESCC by upregulating the PPP. We found that HMGA1 was highly expressed in ESCC. Elevated HMGA1 promoted the malignant phenotype of ESCC cells. Conditional knockout of HMGA1 markedly reduced 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO)-induced esophageal tumorigenesis in mice. Through the metabolomic analysis and the validation assay, we found that HMGA1 upregulated the non-oxidative PPP. With the transcriptome sequencing, we identified that HMGA1 upregulated the expression of transketolase (TKT), which catalyzes the reversible reaction in non-oxidative PPP to exchange metabolites with glycolytic pathway. HMGA1 knockdown suppressed the PPP by downregulating TKT, resulting in the reduction of nucleotides in ESCC cells. Overexpression of HMGA1 upregulated PPP and promoted the survival of ESCC cells by activating TKT. We further characterized that HMGA1 promoted the transcription of TKT by interacting with and enhancing the binding of transcription factor SP1 to the promoter of TKT. Therapeutics targeting TKT with an inhibitor, oxythiamine, reduced HMGA1-induced ESCC cell proliferation and tumor growth. Together, in this study, we identified a new role of HMGA1 in ESCCs by upregulating TKT-mediated activation of PPP. Our results provided a new insight into the role of HMGA1/TKT/PPP in ESCC tumorigenesis and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jie Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Qiu-Tong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Lei
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Kai-Yue He
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Jin-Rong Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Jing-Yu Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Dan-Hui Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Yong-Ping Jian
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China.
| | - Zhi-Xiang Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China.
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Sun Y, Guo G, Zhang Y, Chen X, Lu Y, Hong R, Xiong J, Li J, Hu X, Wang S, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Yang X, Nan Y, Huang Q. IKBKE promotes the ZEB2-mediated EMT process by phosphorylating HMGA1a in glioblastoma. Cell Signal 2024; 116:111062. [PMID: 38242271 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
IKBKE (Inhibitor of Nuclear Factor Kappa-B Kinase Subunit Epsilon) is an important oncogenic protein in a variety of tumors, which can promote tumor growth, proliferation, invasion and drug resistance, and plays a critical regulatory role in the occurrence and progression of malignant tumors. HMGA1a (High Mobility Group AT-hook 1a) functions as a cofactor for proper transcriptional regulation and is highly expressed in multiple types of tumors. ZEB2 (Zinc finger E-box Binding homeobox 2) exerts active functions in epithelial mesenchymal transformation (EMT). In our current study, we confirmed that IKBKE can increase the proliferation, invasion and migration of glioblastoma cells. We then found that IKBKE can phosphorylate HMGA1a at Ser 36 and/or Ser 44 sites and inhibit the degradation process of HMGA1a, and regulate the nuclear translocation of HMGA1a. Crucially, we observed that HMGA1a can regulate ZEB2 gene expression by interacting with ZEB2 promoter region. Hence, HMGA1a was found to promote the ZEB2-related metastasis. Consequently, we demonstrated that IKBKE can exert its oncogenic functions via the IKBKE/HMGA1a/ZEB2 signalling axis, and IKBKE may be a prominent biomarker for the treatment of glioblastoma in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Gaochao Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Cerebrovascular Disease Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xingjie Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yalin Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Rujun Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jinbiao Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jiabo Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xue Hu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, China
| | - Shuaishuai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Cerebrovascular Disease Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Zhimeng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, China
| | - Xuejun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Yang Nan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300052, China.
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3
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Cheng C, Yao H, Li H, Liu J, Liu Z, Wu Y, Zhu L, Hu H, Fang Z, Wu L. Blockade of the deubiquitinating enzyme USP48 degrades oncogenic HMGA2 and inhibits colorectal cancer invasion and metastasis. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:1624-1643. [PMID: 38572092 PMCID: PMC10985028 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
HMGA2, a pivotal transcription factor, functions as a versatile regulator implicated in the progression of diverse aggressive malignancies. In this study, mass spectrometry was employed to identify ubiquitin-specific proteases that potentially interact with HMGA2, and USP48 was identified as a deubiquitinating enzyme of HMGA2. The enforced expression of USP48 significantly increased HMGA2 protein levels by inhibiting its degradation, while the deprivation of USP48 promoted HMGA2 degradation, thereby suppressing tumor invasion and metastasis. We discovered that USP48 undergoes SUMOylation at lysine 258, which enhances its binding affinity to HMGA2. Through subsequent phenotypic screening of small molecules, we identified DUB-IN-2 as a remarkably potent pharmacological inhibitor of USP48. Interestingly, the small-molecule inhibitor targeting USP48 induces destabilization of HMGA2. Clinically, upregulation of USP48 or HMGA2 in cancerous tissues is indicative of poor prognosis for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Collectively, our study not only elucidates the regulatory mechanism of DUBs involved in HMGA2 stability and validates USP48 as a potential therapeutic target for CRC, but also identifies DUB-IN-2 as a potent inhibitor of USP48 and a promising candidate for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Hanhui Yao
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Heng Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
- Department of Comprehensive Surgery, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, West District of the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- Anhui Provincial Hospital Health Management Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Zhengyi Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Hejie Hu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Zhengdong Fang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
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Farhana A, Alsrhani A, Alghsham RS, Derafa W, Khan YS, Rasheed Z. Gold Nanoparticles Downregulate IL-6 Expression/Production by Upregulating microRNA-26a-5p and Deactivating the RelA and NF-κBp50 Transcription Pathways in Activated Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1404. [PMID: 38338683 PMCID: PMC10855246 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the modulation of pathogenic genes by binding to their mRNA sequences' 3' untranslated regions (3'UTR). Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is known to promote cancer progression and treatment resistance. In this study, we aimed to explore the therapeutic effects of gold nanoparticles (GNP) against IL-6 overexpression and the modulation of miRNA-26a-5p in breast cancer (BC) cells. GNP were synthesized using the trisodium citrate method and characterized through UV-Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). To predict the binding of miR-26a-5p in the IL-6 mRNA's 3'UTR, we utilized bioinformatics algorithms. Luciferase reporter clone assays and anti-miRNA-26a-5p transfection were employed to validate the binding of miR26a-5p in the IL-6 mRNA's 3'UTR. The activity of RelA and NF-κBp50 was assessed and confirmed using Bay 11-7082. The synthesized GNP were spherical with a mean size of 28.3 nm, exhibiting high stability, and were suitable for BC cell treatment. We found that miR-26a-5p directly regulated IL-6 overexpression in MCF-7 cells activated with PMA. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with GNP resulted in the inhibition of IL-6 overexpression and secretion through the increase of miR26a-5p. Furthermore, GNP deactivated NF-κBp65/NF-κBp50 transcription activity. The newly engineered GNP demonstrated safety and showed promise as a therapeutic approach for reducing IL-6 overexpression. The GNP suppressed IL-6 overexpression and secretion by deactivating NF-κBp65/NF-κBp50 transcription activity and upregulating miR-26a-5p expression in activated BC cells. These findings suggest that GNP have potential as a therapeutic intervention for BC by targeting IL-6 expression and associated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Farhana
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah Alsrhani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ruqaih S. Alghsham
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (R.S.A.); (Z.R.)
| | - Wassila Derafa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, Aljouf 72388, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Yusuf Saleem Khan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Zafar Rasheed
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (R.S.A.); (Z.R.)
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5
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Ouyang X, Li K, Wang J, Zhu W, Yi Q, Zhong J. HMGA2 promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression and is associated with tumor resistance and poor prognosis. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1271080. [PMID: 38304037 PMCID: PMC10830841 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1271080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), as one of the most prevalent malignancies in the head and neck region, still lacks a complete understanding of its pathogenesis. Presently, radiotherapy, concurrent chemoradiotherapy, and targeted therapy stand as the primary modalities for treating NPC. With advancements in medicine, the cure rates for nasopharyngeal carcinoma have been steadily increasing. Nevertheless, recurrence and metastasis persist as the primary reasons for treatment failure. Consequently, a profound exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying the occurrence and progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, along with the exploration of corresponding therapeutic approaches, becomes particularly imperative in the quest for comprehensive solutions to combat this disease. High mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) is a pivotal protein capable of altering chromatin structure, regulating gene expression, and influencing transcriptional activity. In the realm of cancer research, HMGA2 exhibits widespread dysregulation, playing a crucial role in nearly all malignant tumors. It is implicated in various tumorigenic processes, including cell cycle regulation, cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, tumor invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. Additionally, HMGA2 serves as a molecular marker and an independent prognostic factor in certain malignancies. Recent studies have increasingly unveiled the critical role of HMGA2 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), particularly in promoting malignant progression, correlating with tumor resistance, and serving as an independent adverse prognostic factor. This review focuses on elucidating the oncogenic role of HMGA2 in NPC, suggesting its potential association with chemotherapy resistance in NPC, and proposing its candidacy as an independent factor in nasopharyngeal carcinoma prognosis assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kangxin Li
- Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Weijian Zhu
- Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qiang Yi
- Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jinghua Zhong
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
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Zhao C, Li X, Pan X, Xu J, Jiang R, Li Y. LINC02532 by Mediating miR-541-3p/HMGA1 Axis Exerts a Tumor Promoter in Breast cancer. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00995-6. [PMID: 38030946 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00995-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The newly discovered LINC02532 is abnormally expressed in a variety of cancers and promotes cancer progression. The research proposed to discover the biological and molecular mechanisms of LINC02532 in breast cancer (BCa). In the resected BCa tissue samples and adjacent normal tissues, LINC02532, miR-541-3p, and High Mobility Group A1 (HMGA1) levels were determined. Cell function experiments were carried out on the premise of cell transfection with relevant plasmids. Based on that, the influence of LINC02532, miR-541-3p, and HMGA1 on MCF-7 cell activities (proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle, and apoptosis) was determined, as well as on EMT. Additionally, animal experiments were allowed to support cell experimental conclusions on LINC02532. Finally, the mechanistic network of LINC02532, miR-541-3p, and HMGA1 was identified. It was BCa tissues highly expressing LINC02532 and HMGA1, while lowly expressing miR-541-3p. Functionally, LINC02532 depletion repressed the activities and EMT process of MCF-7 cells. Silencing LINC02532 delayed tumor growth in mice. In terms of mechanism, LINC02532 mainly existed in the cytoplasm and could mediate HMGA1 expression by absorbing miR-541-3p. The findings offer new insights into the molecular mechanisms of LINC02532 in BCa and, more importantly, new strategies for the clinical treatment of BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChunMing Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan City, 250021, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan City, 250021, Shandong Province, China
| | - XueQiang Pan
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan City, 250021, Shandong Province, China
| | - JiaWen Xu
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan City, 250021, Shandong Province, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan City, 250021, Shandong Province, China.
| | - YuYang Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan City, 250021, Shandong Province, China.
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Mori M, Ghirga F, Amato B, Secco L, Quaglio D, Romeo I, Gambirasi M, Bergamo A, Covaceuszach S, Sgarra R, Botta B, Manfioletti G. Selection of Natural Compounds with HMGA-Interfering Activities and Cancer Cell Cytotoxicity. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:32424-32431. [PMID: 37720761 PMCID: PMC10500574 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
HMGA proteins are intrinsically disordered (ID) chromatin architectural factors characterized by three DNA binding domains (AT-hooks) that allow them to bind into the DNA minor groove of AT-rich stretches. HMGA are functionally involved in regulating transcription, RNA processing, DNA repair, and chromatin remodeling and dynamics. These proteins are highly expressed and play essential functions during embryonic development. They are almost undetectable in adult tissues but are re-expressed at high levels in all cancers where they are involved in neoplastic transformation and cancer progression. We focused on identifying new small molecules capable of binding into the minor groove of AT-rich DNA sequences that could compete with HMGA for DNA binding and, thus, potentially interfere with their activities. Here, a docking-based virtual screening of a unique high diversity in-house library composed of around 1000 individual natural products identified 16 natural compounds as potential minor groove binders that could inhibit the interaction between HMGA and DNA. To verify the ability of these selected compounds to compete with HMGA proteins, we screened them using electrophoretic mobility shift assays. We identified Sorocein C, a Diels-Alder (D-A)-type adducts, isolated from Sorocea ilicifolia and Sorocea bonplandii with an HMGA/DNA-displacing activity and compared its activity with that of two structurally related compounds, Sorocein A and Sorocein B. All these compounds showed a cytotoxicity effect on cancer cells, suggesting that the Sorocein-structural family may provide new and yet unexplored chemotypes for the development of minor groove binders to be evaluated as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Mori
- Department
of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Francesca Ghirga
- Department
of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza-University
of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Beatrice Amato
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Luca Secco
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Deborah Quaglio
- Department
of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza-University
of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Isabella Romeo
- Department
of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza-University
of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Marta Gambirasi
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Alberta Bergamo
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Sonia Covaceuszach
- Institute
of Crystallography, National Research Council, Trieste Outstation, Basovizza, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Riccardo Sgarra
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Bruno Botta
- Department
of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza-University
of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
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Greco M, Mirabelli M, Salatino A, Accattato F, Aiello V, Brunetti FS, Chiefari E, Pullano SA, Fiorillo AS, Foti DP, Brunetti A. From Euglycemia to Recent Onset of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Proof-of-Concept Study on Circulating microRNA Profiling Reveals Distinct, and Early microRNA Signatures. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2443. [PMID: 37510186 PMCID: PMC10377827 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13142443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim-Alterations in circulating microRNA (miRNA) expression patterns are thought to be involved in the early stages of prediabetes, as well as in the progression to overt type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and its vascular complications. However, most research findings are conflicting, in part due to differences in miRNA extraction and normalization methods, and in part due to differences in the study populations and their selection. This cross-sectional study seeks to find new potentially useful biomarkers to predict and/or diagnose T2D by investigating the differential expression patterns of circulating miRNAs in the serum of patients with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and new-onset T2D, with respect to euglycemic controls, using a high-throughput 384-well array and real-time PCR. Methods-Thirty subjects, aged 45-65 years, classified into three matched groups (of 10 participants each) according to their glycometabolic status, namely (1) healthy euglycemic controls, (2) patients with IFG and (3) patients with new-onset, uncomplicated T2D (<2 years since diagnosis) were enrolled. Circulating miRNAs were extracted from blood serum and profiled through real-time PCR on a commercial 384 well-array, containing spotted forward primers for 372 miRNAs. Data analysis was performed by using the online data analysis software GeneGlobe and normalized by the global Ct mean method. Results-Of the 372 analyzed miRNAs, 33 showed a considerably different expression in IFG and new-onset T2D compared to healthy euglycemic controls, with 2 of them down-regulated and 31 up-regulated. Stringent analysis conditions, using a differential fold regulation threshold ≥ 10, revealed that nine miRNAs (hsa-miR-3610, hsa-miR-3200-5p, hsa-miR-4651, hsa-miR-3135b, hsa-miR-1281, hsa-miR-4301, hsa-miR-195-5p, hsa-miR-523-5p and hsa-let-7a-5p) showed a specific increase in new-onset T2D patients compared to IFG patients, suggesting their possible role as early biomarkers of progression from prediabetes to T2D. Moreover, by conventional fold regulation thresholds of ±2, hsa-miR-146a-5p was down-regulated and miR-1225-3p up-regulated in new-onset T2D patients only. Whereas hsa-miR-146a-5p has a well-known role in glucose metabolism, insulin resistance and T2D complications, no association between hsa-miR-1225-3p and T2D has been previously reported. Bioinformatic and computational analysis predict a role of hsa-miR-1225-3p in the pathogenesis of T2D through the interaction with MAP3K1 and HMGA1. Conclusions-The outcomes of this study could aid in the identification and characterization of circulating miRNAs as potential novel biomarkers for the early diagnosis of T2D and may serve as a proof-of-concept for future mechanistic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Greco
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Mirabelli
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alessandro Salatino
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Accattato
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Aiello
- Department of Precision Medicine, Vanvitelli University, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco S Brunetti
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Eusebio Chiefari
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Salvatore A Pullano
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonino S Fiorillo
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniela P Foti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Brunetti
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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9
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Chang X, Liu J, Yang Q, Gao Y, Ding X, Zhao J, Li Y, Liu Z, Li Z, Wu Y, Zuo D. Targeting HMGA1 contributes to immunotherapy in aggressive breast cancer while suppressing EMT. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 212:115582. [PMID: 37146833 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is an obstacle to the clinical treatment of aggressive breast cancer (BC). Studies have shown that high mobility group A1 (HMGA1) is abnormally expressed in various cancers and mediates tumor proliferation and metastasis. Here, we provided more evidence that HMGA1 mediated epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in aggressive BC. More importantly, HMGA1 knockdown enhanced antitumor immunity and improved the response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy by upregulating programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. Simultaneously, we revealed a novel mechanism by which HMGA1 and PD-L1 were regulated by the PD-L1/HMGA1/Wnt/β-catenin negative feedback loop in aggressive BC. Taken together, we believe that HMGA1 can serve as a target for the dual role of anti-metastasis and enhancing immunotherapeutic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jingang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116033, China
| | - Xiaofei Ding
- Department of pharmacology, School of Medicine, Taizhou University, 1139 Shi-Fu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Junjun Zhao
- Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116033, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zengqiang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yingliang Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Daiying Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China.
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10
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Effect of isolated grandivittin from Ferulago trifida Boiss. (Apiaceae) on the proliferation and apoptosis of human lung cancer A549 cells. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023:10.1007/s00210-023-02419-3. [PMID: 36786818 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02419-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the deadliest cancers in the world. Introducing new promising agents can help the chemotherapeutic management of cancer. In the knowledge of oncology, plants are of special interest as a rich source of new antineoplastic and chemotherapeutic agents. Grandivittin (GRA) is one of the main constituents of Ferulago trifida Boiss. with established medicinal, phytochemical, and pharmacological properties. This study aimed to isolate and evaluate the antineoplastic potential of grandivittin and its underlying mechanisms in human lung cancer A549 cells. The viability of the A549 cells after being treated with 0.1, 0.4, 0.7, 1, and 1.3 mM of GRA for three following days was measured using the MTT method. The early apoptosis and late apoptosis were assessed by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis through annexin V/PI staining. The expression of apoptotic agents' genes (caspase 3, caspase 9, Bcl2, Bax, and P53) was evaluated by the RT-PCR method. GRA increased apoptotic cells and decreased cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner, in which only 50% of cells survived at a dose of 0.7 mM. The expression of Bax, P53, caspase 3, and caspase 9 genes in the A549 cells was significantly upregulated after GRA treatment compared to control cells (P < 0.05). On the other hand, Bcl2 was significantly downregulated after GRA treatment (P < 0.05). The results indicated that GRA can activate cell death in A549 lung carcinoma cells by inducing both DNA toxicity p53 and cascade-dependent pathways. Therefore, GRA may be a potential new therapeutic agent for the treatment of lung cancer.
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11
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HMGA1 Regulates the Expression of Replication-Dependent Histone Genes and Cell-Cycle in Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010594. [PMID: 36614035 PMCID: PMC9820469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the primary cause of cancer mortality in women and the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype characterized by poor differentiation and high proliferative properties. High mobility group A1 (HMGA1) is an oncogenic factor involved in the onset and progression of the neoplastic transformation in BC. Here, we unraveled that the replication-dependent-histone (RD-HIST) gene expression is enriched in BC tissues and correlates with HMGA1 expression. We explored the role of HMGA1 in modulating the RD-HIST genes expression in TNBC cells and show that MDA-MB-231 cells, depleted of HMGA1, express low levels of core histones. We show that HMGA1 participates in the activation of the HIST1H4H promoter and that it interacts with the nuclear protein of the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated locus (NPAT), the coordinator of the transcription of the RD-HIST genes. Moreover, we demonstrate that HMGA1 silencing increases the percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase both in TNBC and epirubicin resistant TNBC cells. Moreover, HMGA1 silencing causes an increase in epirubicin IC50 both in parental and epirubicin resistant cells thus suggesting that targeting HMGA1 could affect the efficacy of epirubicin treatment.
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12
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Hu Q, Zhang N, Sui T, Li G, Wang Z, Liu M, Zhu X, Huang B, Lu J, Li Z, Zhang Y. Anti-hsa-miR-59 alleviates premature senescence associated with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome in mice. EMBO J 2022; 42:e110937. [PMID: 36382717 PMCID: PMC9811625 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022110937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a lethal premature aging disorder without an effective therapeutic regimen. Because of their targetability and influence on gene expression, microRNAs (miRNAs) are attractive therapeutic tools to treat diseases. Here we identified that hsa-miR-59 (miR-59) was markedly upregulated in HGPS patient cells and in multiple tissues of an HGPS mouse model (LmnaG609G/G609G ), which disturbed the interaction between RNAPII and TFIIH, resulting in abnormal expression of cell cycle genes by targeting high-mobility group A family HMGA1 and HMGA2. Functional inhibition of miR-59 alleviated the cellular senescence phenotype of HGPS cells. Treatment with AAV9-mediated anti-miR-59 reduced fibrosis in the quadriceps muscle, heart, and aorta, suppressed epidermal thinning and dermal fat loss, and yielded a 25.5% increase in longevity of LmnaG609G/G609G mice. These results identify a new strategy for the treatment of HGPS and provide insight into the etiology of HGPS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianying Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE)Northeast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Na Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE)Northeast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Tingting Sui
- The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Guanlin Li
- The Institute of Genetics and CytologyNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Zhiyao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE)Northeast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Mingyue Liu
- The Institute of Genetics and CytologyNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Xiaojuan Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE)Northeast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Baiqu Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE)Northeast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Jun Lu
- The Institute of Genetics and CytologyNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Zhanjun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Animal ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE)Northeast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
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13
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Wang L, Zhang J, Xia M, Liu C, Zu X, Zhong J. High Mobility Group A1 (HMGA1): Structure, Biological Function, and Therapeutic Potential. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:4414-4431. [PMID: 35864955 PMCID: PMC9295051 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.72952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
High mobility group A1 (HMGA1) is a nonhistone chromatin structural protein characterized by no transcriptional activity. It mainly plays a regulatory role by modifying the structure of DNA. A large number of studies have confirmed that HMGA1 regulates genes related to tumours in the reproductive system, digestive system, urinary system and haematopoietic system. HMGA1 is rare in adult cells and increases in highly proliferative cells such as embryos. After being stimulated by external factors, it will produce effects through the Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/Akt, Hippo and MEK/ERK pathways. In addition, HMGA1 also affects the ageing, apoptosis, autophagy and chemotherapy resistance of cancer cells, which are linked to tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of HMGA1 in cancer progression and discuss the potential clinical application of targeted HMGA1 therapy, indicating that targeted HMGA1 is of great significance in the diagnosis and treatment of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, PR China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Xia
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, PR China.,Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, PR China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, First School of Clinical Medicine, University of Southern Medical, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuyu Zu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, PR China.,Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, PR China
| | - Jing Zhong
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, PR China.,Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, PR China
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14
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Zambelli A, Sgarra R, De Sanctis R, Agostinetto E, Santoro A, Manfioletti G. Heterogeneity of triple-negative breast cancer: understanding the Daedalian labyrinth and how it could reveal new drug targets. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:557-573. [PMID: 35638300 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2084380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is considered the most aggressive breast cancer subtype with the least favorable outcomes. However, recent research efforts have generated an enhanced knowledge of the biology of the disease and have provided a new, more comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted ecosystem that underpins TNBC. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors illustrate the principal biological characteristics of TNBC, the molecular driver alterations, targetable genes, and the biomarkers of immune engagement that have been identified across the subgroups of TNBC. Accordingly, the authors summarize the landscape of the innovative and investigative biomarker-driven therapeutic options in TNBC that emerge from the unique biological basis of the disease. EXPERT OPINION The therapeutic setting of TNBC is rapidly evolving. An enriched understanding of the tumor spatial and temporal heterogeneity and the surrounding microenvironment of this complex disease can effectively support the development of novel and tailored opportunities of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Zambelli
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, IRCCS - Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Humanitas Cancer Center, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Sgarra
- Department of Life sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Rita De Sanctis
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, IRCCS - Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Humanitas Cancer Center, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Agostinetto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institut Jules Bordet and l'Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B), Brussels, Belgium and Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Armando Santoro
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, IRCCS - Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Humanitas Cancer Center, Milan, Italy
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15
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Sgubin M, Pegoraro S, Pellarin I, Ros G, Sgarra R, Piazza S, Baldassarre G, Belletti B, Manfioletti G. HMGA1 positively regulates the microtubule-destabilizing protein stathmin promoting motility in TNBC cells and decreasing tumour sensitivity to paclitaxel. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:429. [PMID: 35504904 PMCID: PMC9065117 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04843-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
High Mobility Group A1 (HMGA1) is an architectural chromatin factor involved in the regulation of gene expression and a master regulator in Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). In TNBC, HMGA1 is overexpressed and coordinates a gene network that controls cellular processes involved in tumour development, progression, and metastasis formation. Here, we find that the expression of HMGA1 and of the microtubule-destabilizing protein stathmin correlates in breast cancer (BC) patients. We demonstrate that HMGA1 depletion leads to a downregulation of stathmin expression and activity on microtubules resulting in decreased TNBC cell motility. We show that this pathway is mediated by the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27kip1 (p27). Indeed, the silencing of HMGA1 expression in TNBC cells results both in an increased p27 protein stability and p27-stathmin binding. When the expression of both HMGA1 and p27 is silenced, we observe a significant rescue in cell motility. These data, obtained in cellular models, were validated in BC patients. In fact, we find that patients with high levels of both HMGA1 and stathmin and low levels of p27 have a statistically significant lower survival probability in terms of relapse-free survival (RFS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) with respect to the patient group with low HMGA1, low stathmin, and high p27 expression levels. Finally, we show in an in vivo xenograft model that depletion of HMGA1 chemo-sensitizes tumour cells to paclitaxel, a drug that is commonly used in TNBC treatments. This study unveils a new interaction among HMGA1, p27, and stathmin that is critical in BC cell migration. Moreover, our data suggest that taxol-based treatments may be more effective in reducing the tumour burden when tumour cells express low levels of HMGA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Sgubin
- grid.5133.40000 0001 1941 4308Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy ,grid.418321.d0000 0004 1757 9741Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Silvia Pegoraro
- grid.5133.40000 0001 1941 4308Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ilenia Pellarin
- grid.418321.d0000 0004 1757 9741Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Gloria Ros
- grid.5133.40000 0001 1941 4308Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy ,grid.5970.b0000 0004 1762 9868Present Address: International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Area of Neuroscience Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Riccardo Sgarra
- grid.5133.40000 0001 1941 4308Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvano Piazza
- grid.425196.d0000 0004 1759 4810International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gustavo Baldassarre
- grid.418321.d0000 0004 1757 9741Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Barbara Belletti
- grid.418321.d0000 0004 1757 9741Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Guidalberto Manfioletti
- grid.5133.40000 0001 1941 4308Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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16
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De Feo A, Pazzaglia L, Ciuffarin L, Mangiagli F, Pasello M, Simonetti E, Pellegrini E, Ferrari C, Bianchi G, Spazzoli B, Scotlandi K. miR-214-3p Is Commonly Downregulated by EWS-FLI1 and by CD99 and Its Restoration Limits Ewing Sarcoma Aggressiveness. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071762. [PMID: 35406534 PMCID: PMC8997046 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ewing’s sarcoma (EWS), the second most frequent primary tumor of bone in the pediatric population, is a very aggressive, undifferentiated mesenchymal malignancy with a high tendency to develop lung and/or bone metastasis. The prognosis of patients with metastasis remains dismal, and new strategies are needed to control the dissemination of EWS cells. EWS is driven by alterations induced by the EWS-FLI1 chimera which acts as an aberrant transcriptional factor that induces the complete reprograming of the gene expression. EWS cells are also characterized by high expression of CD99, a cell surface molecule that interacts with EWS-FLI1 to sustain EWS malignancy. This study shows that miR-214-3p is a common mediator of EWS-FLI1 and CD99, and we report that miR-214-3p acts as on oncosuppressor in EWS. MiR-214-3p is constitutively repressed in cell lines and clinical samples but is re-expressed after the silencing of EWS-FLI1 and/or CD99. The restoration of miR-214-3p limits EWS cell growth and migration and represses the expression of its target HMGA1, supporting the potential role of this miRNA as a marker of tumor aggressiveness. Abstract Ewing’s sarcoma (EWS), an aggressive pediatric bone and soft-tissue sarcoma, has a very stable genome with very few genetic alterations. Unlike in most cancers, the progression of EWS appears to depend on epigenetic alterations. EWS–FLI1 and CD99, the two hallmarks of EWS, are reported to severely impact the malignancy of EWS cells, at least partly by regulating the expression of several types of non-coding RNAs. Here, we identify miR-214-3p as a common mediator of either EWS-FLI1 or CD99 by in silico analysis. MiR-214-3p expression was lower in EWS cells and in clinical samples than in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and this miRNA was barely expressed in metastatic lesions. Silencing of EWS-FLI1 or CD99 restored the expression of miR-214-3p, leading to a reduced cell growth and migration. Mechanistically, miR-214-3p restoration inhibits the expression of the high-mobility group AT-hook 1 (HMGA1) protein, a validated target of miR-214-3p and a major regulator of the transcriptional machinery. The decrease in HMGA1 expression reduced the growth and the migration of EWS cells. Taken together, our results support that the miR-214-3p is constitutively repressed by both EWS-FLI1 and CD99 because it acts as an oncosuppressor limiting the dissemination of EWS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra De Feo
- SSD Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.P.); (L.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (E.S.); (E.P.); (C.F.)
- Correspondence: (A.D.F.); (K.S.); Tel.: +39-051-6366760 (K.S.); +39-051-6366937 (A.D.F.); Fax: +39-051-6366763 (A.D.F. & K.S.)
| | - Laura Pazzaglia
- SSD Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.P.); (L.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (E.S.); (E.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Lisa Ciuffarin
- SSD Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.P.); (L.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (E.S.); (E.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Fabio Mangiagli
- SSD Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.P.); (L.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (E.S.); (E.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Michela Pasello
- SSD Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.P.); (L.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (E.S.); (E.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Elisa Simonetti
- SSD Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.P.); (L.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (E.S.); (E.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Evelin Pellegrini
- SSD Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.P.); (L.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (E.S.); (E.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Cristina Ferrari
- SSD Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.P.); (L.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (E.S.); (E.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Bianchi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Third Orthopaedic Clinic and Traumatology, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (G.B.); (B.S.)
| | - Benedetta Spazzoli
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Third Orthopaedic Clinic and Traumatology, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (G.B.); (B.S.)
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- SSD Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (L.P.); (L.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (E.S.); (E.P.); (C.F.)
- Correspondence: (A.D.F.); (K.S.); Tel.: +39-051-6366760 (K.S.); +39-051-6366937 (A.D.F.); Fax: +39-051-6366763 (A.D.F. & K.S.)
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17
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HMGA1 Has Predictive Value in Response to Chemotherapy in Gastric Cancer. Curr Oncol 2021; 29:56-67. [PMID: 35049679 PMCID: PMC8774981 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a serious health problem worldwide. Although its incidence is decreasing, the five-year survival rate remains low. Thus, it is essential to identify new biomarkers that could promote better diagnosis and treatment of patients with gastric cancer. High-mobility group AT-hook 1 (HMGA1) is a non-histone, chromatin-binding protein that has been found overexpressed in several tumor types. It has been correlated with invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance, leading to worse patient survival. The aim of this work was to evaluate the clinical value of HMGA1 in gastric cancer. HMGA1 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in a single hospital series (n = 323) of gastric adenocarcinoma cases (stages I to IV) with clinicopathological and treatment data. In this series, HMGA1 expression showed no significant relevance as a prognostic biomarker. Nevertheless, a significantly better overall survival was observed in cases with high levels of HMGA1 when they were treated with chemotherapy, compared to the nontreated ones, implying that they can benefit more from treatment than patients with low expression of HMGA1. We thereby show for the first time that HMGA1 expression has a substantial value as a biomarker of response to chemotherapy in gastric cancer.
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18
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Chung YH, Qian Q, Huang HY, Chiu WT, Yang CS, Tzeng SF. The Nuclear Function of IL-33 in Desensitization to DNA Damaging Agent and Change of Glioma Nuclear Structure. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:713336. [PMID: 34744630 PMCID: PMC8565524 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.713336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma, the most common subtype of primary brain tumor, is an aggressive and highly invasive neurologically tumor among human cancers. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is considered as a dual functional cytokine, an alarmin upon tissue damage and a nuclear chromatin-associated protein. Despite that, IL-33 is known to foster the formation of the inflammatory tumor microenvironment and facilitate glioma progression, evidence showing nuclear IL-33 function is still poor. In this study using lentivirus-mediated IL-33 gene knockdown (IL33KD) and IL-33 overexpression (IL33oe) in rat C6 glioma cells and human glioma cell lines (U251MG and U87MG), we found that IL33oe-glioma cells had resistance to the insults of the alkylating agent, temozolomide (TMZ), possibly because of the increased expression of DNA repair genes (i.e., BRCA1, BRCA2, Rad51, FANCB, and FANCD) in IL33oe-glioma cells. Alternatively, examination of glioma nuclear shape from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging analysis and immunofluorescence for histone protein H2A staining showed that IL33KD attenuated the abnormal cancerous nuclear characteristic, such as indentation, long clefts, and multiple nucleoids. Yet, IL33oe promoted the changes in glioma nuclear shapes, such as the formation of multiple lobes. We further found that histone proteins, H2A and H3, were reduced in IL33KD glioma cells. The non-histone DNA-binding nucleoproteins, the high mobility group A1 (HMGA1) and HMGA2, were also downregulated by IL33KD. In contrast, IL33oe increased H2A and H3 proteins and HMGA1 and HMGA2 in glioma cells. Altogether, the upregulation of nuclear IL-33 expression was along with an increase in the expression of DNA repair genes, contributing to the desensitization of glioma cells to DNA damaging agents. Moreover, nuclear IL-33 proteins in cooperation with chromatin-associated proteins regulate glioma nuclear structure, which might be crucial for glioma progression and malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Chung
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Qiu Qian
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ying Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tai Chiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Shi Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fen Tzeng
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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19
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Li D, Cao Y, Wang J, Yang H, Liu W, Cui J, Wu W. Regulatory effect between HMGA2 and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the carcinogenesis of sporadic colorectal tubular adenoma. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:849. [PMID: 34733367 PMCID: PMC8561620 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the high incidence of colorectal cancer worldwide, the underlying molecular mechanisms have been extensively investigated. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a key role in the carcinogenesis of colorectal adenoma. In addition, the high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) protein, which is involved in several biological processes, such as proliferation, differentiation, transformation and metastasis, is expressed at significantly high levels in colorectal cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. Currently, the role of HMGA2 in the carcinogenesis of sporadic colorectal tubular adenoma remains unclear. The downstream Wnt/β-catenin signaling molecule, T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancing factor (TCF/LEF), shares a similar domain with HMGA2, which enhances β-catenin transcriptional activity and TCF/LEF binding. Thus, the present study investigated the association between HMGA2 and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and their role in the carcinogenesis of sporadic colorectal tubular adenoma via immunohistochemistry, siRNA, quantitative PCR and western blot analyses. The results demonstrated that the positive rate of HMGA2 expression gradually increased during tumor progression. Furthermore, HMGA2 expression was positively correlated with Wnt/β-catenin signaling protein expression [Wnt, β-catenin, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and cyclin D1], suggesting its involvement in the carcinogenesis of sporadic colorectal tubular adenoma and its potential to synergistically interact with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. HMGA2 knockdown in the human colorectal cancer cell line, HCT 116 decreased β-catenin expression and its downstream targets, CDK4 and cyclin D1. Furthermore, silencing of Wnt or β-catenin decreased HMGA2 expression. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest the coordinated regulation of HMGA2 and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the carcinogenesis of sporadic colorectal tubular adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Cao
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Weina Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Jinfeng Cui
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Wenxin Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
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20
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Insulin Resistance and Cancer: In Search for a Causal Link. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011137. [PMID: 34681797 PMCID: PMC8540232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a condition which refers to individuals whose cells and tissues become insensitive to the peptide hormone, insulin. Over the recent years, a wealth of data has made it clear that a synergistic relationship exists between IR, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cancer. Although the underlying mechanism(s) for this association remain unclear, it is well established that hyperinsulinemia, a hallmark of IR, may play a role in tumorigenesis. On the other hand, IR is strongly associated with visceral adiposity dysfunction and systemic inflammation, two conditions which favor the establishment of a pro-tumorigenic environment. Similarly, epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA, in IR states, have been often associated with tumorigenesis in numerous types of human cancer. In addition to these observations, it is also broadly accepted that gut microbiota may play an intriguing role in the development of IR-related diseases, including type 2 diabetes and cancer, whereas potential chemopreventive properties have been attributed to some of the most commonly used antidiabetic medications. Herein we provide a concise overview of the most recent literature in this field and discuss how different but interrelated molecular pathways may impact on tumor development.
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21
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Gundlach JP, Hauser C, Schlegel FM, Willms A, Halske C, Röder C, Krüger S, Röcken C, Becker T, Kalthoff H, Trauzold A. Prognostic significance of high mobility group A2 (HMGA2) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: malignant functions of cytoplasmic HMGA2 expression. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:3313-3324. [PMID: 34302528 PMCID: PMC8484217 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03745-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE HMGA2 has frequently been found in benign as well as malignant tumors and a significant association between HMGA2 overexpression and poor survival in different malignancies was described. In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), nuclear HMGA2 expression is associated with tumor dedifferentiation and presence of lymph node metastasis. Nevertheless, the impact of HMGA2 occurrence in other cell compartments is unknown. METHODS Intracellular distribution of HMGA2 was analyzed in PDAC (n = 106) and peritumoral, non-malignant ducts (n = 28) by immunohistochemistry. Findings were correlated with clinico-pathological data. Additionally, intracellular HMGA2 presence was studied by Western blotting of cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of cultured cells. RESULTS HMGA2 was found in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus of cultured cells. In human tumor tissue, HMGA2 was also frequently found in the cytoplasm and the nucleus of tumor cells, however, nuclear staining was generally stronger. Direct comparison from tumor tissue with corresponding non-neoplastic peritumoral tissue revealed significantly stronger expression in tumors (p = 0.003). Of note, the nuclear staining was significantly stronger in lymph node metastatic cell nuclei compared to primary tumor cell nuclei (p = 0.049). Interestingly, cytoplasmic staining positively correlated with lymph vessel (p = 0.004) and venous invasion (p = 0.046). CONCLUSION HMGA2 is a prognostic marker in PDAC. Firstly, we found a positive correlation for cytoplasmic HMGA2 expression with lympho-vascular invasion and, secondly, we found a significantly stronger nuclear expression of HMGA2 in cancer-positive lymph node nuclei compared to primary tumor cell nuclei. So far, the role of cytoplasmic HMGA2 is nearly unknown, however, our data lend support to the hypothesis that cytoplasmic HMGA2 expression is involved in nodal spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Paul Gundlach
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral-, Thoracic-, Transplantation- and Pediatric-Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building C, 24105, Kiel, Germany.,Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building U30, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Charlotte Hauser
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral-, Thoracic-, Transplantation- and Pediatric-Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building C, 24105, Kiel, Germany.,Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building U30, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Franka Maria Schlegel
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building U30, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna Willms
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building U30, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christine Halske
- Department of Pathology, UKSH, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building U33, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Röder
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building U30, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sandra Krüger
- Department of Pathology, UKSH, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building U33, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Röcken
- Department of Pathology, UKSH, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building U33, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Becker
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral-, Thoracic-, Transplantation- and Pediatric-Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building C, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Holger Kalthoff
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building U30, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna Trauzold
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral-, Thoracic-, Transplantation- and Pediatric-Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building C, 24105, Kiel, Germany. .,Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building U30, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
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22
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Zhu M, Wang Y, Wang F, Li L, Qiu X. CircFBXL5 promotes the 5-FU resistance of breast cancer via modulating miR-216b/HMGA2 axis. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:384. [PMID: 34281530 PMCID: PMC8287742 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02088-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been confirmed to be relevant to the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance of breast cancer. Nevertheless, how and whether circRNA F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 5 (circFBXL5) regulates the 5-FU resistance of breast cancer is uncertain. This study aims to explore the function and mechanism of circFBXL5 in the 5-FU resistance of breast cancer. Methods Thirty nine paired breast cancer and normal tissues were harvested. circFBXL5, microRNA-216b (miR-216b) and high-mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) abundances were examined via quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction or western blot. Cell viability, 5-FU resistance, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were tested via cell counting kit-8 assay, wound healing analysis, transwell analysis, and flow cytometry. The relationship of miR-216b and circFBXL5 or HMGA2 was tested via dual-luciferase reporter analysis and RNA pull-down assay. The impact of circFBXL5 on breast cancer tumor growth in vivo was analyzed via xenograft model. Results circFBXL5 was highly expressed in breast cancer tissues and cells, and was more upregulated in 5-FU-resistant breast cancer cells. Function experiments showed that circFBXL5 knockdown inhibited the 5-FU resistance of breast cancer by inhibiting cell migration, invasion and promoting apoptosis. In the terms of mechanism, miR-216b could be sponged by circFBXL5, and its inhibitor could also reverse the influence of circFBXL5 silencing on the 5-FU resistance of breast cancer cells. In addition, HMGA2 was a target of miR-216b, and its overexpression also reversed the regulation of miR-216b overexpression on the 5-FU resistance of breast cancer. Furthermore, circFBXL5 interference declined breast cancer tumor growth in xenograft model. Conclusion Our data showed that circFBXL5 could promote the 5-FU resistance of breast cancer by regulating miR-216b/HMGA2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhi Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jianshe Dong Lu, Erqi District , Zhengzhou City, 450052 , Henan Province , China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jianshe Dong Lu, Erqi District , Zhengzhou City, 450052 , Henan Province , China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jianshe Dong Lu, Erqi District , Zhengzhou City, 450052 , Henan Province , China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jianshe Dong Lu, Erqi District , Zhengzhou City, 450052 , Henan Province , China
| | - Xinguang Qiu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jianshe Dong Lu, Erqi District, Zhengzhou City, 450052, Henan Province, China.
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23
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Chen HH, Zhang TN, Wu QJ, Huang XM, Zhao YH. Circular RNAs in Lung Cancer: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. Front Oncol 2021; 11:664290. [PMID: 34295810 PMCID: PMC8290158 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.664290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and carries with it the greatest mortality rate, with 5-year survival rates varying from 4–17% depending on stage and geographical differences. For decades, researchers have studied disease mechanisms, occurrence rates and disease development, however, the mechanisms underlying disease progression are not yet fully elucidated, thus an increased understanding of disease pathogenesis is key to developing new strategies towards specific disease diagnoses and targeted treatments. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNA widely expressed in eukaryotic cells, and participate in various biological processes implicated in human disease. Recent studies have indicated that circRNAs both positively and negatively regulate lung cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis. Additionally, circRNAs could be promising biomarkers and targets for lung cancer therapies. This review systematically highlights recent advances in circRNA regulatory roles in lung cancer, and sheds light on their use as potential biomarkers and treatment targets for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Huan Chen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tie-Ning Zhang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Pediatric, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qi-Jun Wu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin-Mei Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Hong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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24
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Ruiz-Narváez EA. Genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes and its shared genetic component with low birth weight in African Americans. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2021; 24:326-332. [PMID: 33883416 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent large-scale multiancestry efforts has contributed to our knowledge of the hereditary basis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The present review will summarize findings of the genetic basis of T2D in African Americans, a population group with a disproportionate burden of this disease. RECENT FINDINGS To date, >400 risk genetic variants have been found to be associated with the risk of T2D across populations of different ancestries. Although these findings are based on primarily European-ancestry populations, most of the identified loci show similar associations in African Americans. Ancestry-specific analyses including genome-wide associations studies (GWAS) in African Americans, Africans; as well as admixture mapping scans in African Americans have identified additional risk variants and genomic loci associate with the risk of T2D. These efforts have also uncovered new genetic links between low birth weight and T2D. In particular, admixture mapping approaches have identified a shared genetic ancestry component of both phenotypic traits in African Americans. SUMMARY Recent findings have helped us to better understand the genetic basis of T2D in African Americans. Of particular interest are new genetic discoveries linking low birth weight and T2D, two conditions with a much higher prevalence in African Americans compared to U.S. whites. Continuing work, including large-scale sequencing efforts would add to our knowledge of the genetic architecture of T2D in African Americans, as well as genetic links with other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A Ruiz-Narváez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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25
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Yoo Y, Park SY, Jo EB, Choi M, Lee KW, Hong D, Lee S, Lee CR, Lee Y, Um JY, Park JB, Seo SW, Choi YL, Kim S, Lee SG, Choi M. Overexpression of Replication-Dependent Histone Signifies a Subset of Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma with Increased Aggressiveness. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133122. [PMID: 34206586 PMCID: PMC8269115 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposarcoma (LPS) is an adult soft tissue malignancy that arises from fat tissue, where well-differentiated (WD) and dedifferentiated (DD) forms are the most common. DDLPS represents the progression of WDLPS into a more aggressive high-grade and metastatic form. Although a few DNA copy-number amplifications are known to be specifically found in WD- or DDLPS, systematic genetic differences that signify subtype determination between WDLPS and DDLPS remain unclear. Here, we profiled the genome and transcriptome of 38 LPS tumors to uncover the genetic signatures of subtype differences. Replication-dependent histone (RD-HIST) mRNAs were highly elevated and their regulation was disrupted in a subset of DDLPS, increasing cellular histone molecule levels, as measured using RNA-seq (the averaged fold change of 53 RD-HIST genes between the DD and WD samples was 10.9) and immunohistochemistry. The change was not observed in normal tissues. Integrated whole-exome sequencing, RNA-seq, and methylation analyses revealed that the overexpressed HMGA2 (the fold change between DD and WD samples was 7.3) was responsible for the increased RD-HIST level, leading to aberrant cell proliferation. Therefore, HMGA2-mediated elevation of RD-HISTs were crucial events in determining the aggressiveness of DDLPS, which may serve as a biomarker for prognosis prediction for liposarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Yoo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (Y.Y.); (S.L.); (C.-R.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Sang-Yoon Park
- Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.-Y.P.); (M.C.); (J.-Y.U.)
| | - Eun Byeol Jo
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea;
| | - Minji Choi
- Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.-Y.P.); (M.C.); (J.-Y.U.)
| | - Kyo Won Lee
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (K.W.L.); (J.B.P.)
| | - Doopyo Hong
- Sarcoma Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul 06351, Korea;
| | - Sangmoon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (Y.Y.); (S.L.); (C.-R.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Cho-Rong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (Y.Y.); (S.L.); (C.-R.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Youngha Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (Y.Y.); (S.L.); (C.-R.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jae-Young Um
- Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.-Y.P.); (M.C.); (J.-Y.U.)
| | - Jae Berm Park
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (K.W.L.); (J.B.P.)
| | - Sung Wook Seo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea;
| | - Yoon-La Choi
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea;
| | - Sungjoo Kim
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea; (K.W.L.); (J.B.P.)
- GenNbio, Seoul 08340, Korea
| | - Seok-Geun Lee
- Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.-Y.P.); (M.C.); (J.-Y.U.)
- Correspondence: (S.-G.L.); (M.C.); Tel.: +82-2-961-2355 (S.-G.L.); +82-2-740-8912 (M.C.)
| | - Murim Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (Y.Y.); (S.L.); (C.-R.L.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (S.-G.L.); (M.C.); Tel.: +82-2-961-2355 (S.-G.L.); +82-2-740-8912 (M.C.)
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26
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Shen YJ, Mishima Y, Shi J, Sklavenitis-Pistofidis R, Redd RA, Moschetta M, Manier S, Roccaro AM, Sacco A, Tai YT, Mercier F, Kawano Y, Su NK, Berrios B, Doench JG, Root DE, Michor F, Scadden DT, Ghobrial IM. Progression signature underlies clonal evolution and dissemination of multiple myeloma. Blood 2021; 137:2360-2372. [PMID: 33150374 PMCID: PMC8085483 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020005885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Clonal evolution drives tumor progression, dissemination, and relapse in multiple myeloma (MM), with most patients dying of relapsed disease. This multistage process requires tumor cells to enter the circulation, extravasate, and colonize distant bone marrow (BM) sites. Here, we developed a fluorescent or DNA-barcode clone-tracking system on MM PrEDiCT (progression through evolution and dissemination of clonal tumor cells) xenograft mouse model to study clonal behavior within the BM microenvironment. We showed that only the few clones that successfully adapt to the BM microenvironment can enter the circulation and colonize distant BM sites. RNA sequencing of primary and distant-site MM tumor cells revealed a progression signature sequentially activated along human MM progression and significantly associated with overall survival when evaluated against patient data sets. A total of 28 genes were then computationally predicted to be master regulators (MRs) of MM progression. HMGA1 and PA2G4 were validated in vivo using CRISPR-Cas9 in the PrEDiCT model and were shown to be significantly depleted in distant BM sites, indicating their role in MM progression and dissemination. Loss of HMGA1 and PA2G4 also compromised the proliferation, migration, and adhesion abilities of MM cells in vitro. Overall, our model successfully recapitulates key characteristics of human MM disease progression and identified potential new therapeutic targets for MM.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/antagonists & inhibitors
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Bone Marrow/metabolism
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- CRISPR-Cas Systems
- Cell Adhesion
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Clonal Evolution
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- HMGA1a Protein/antagonists & inhibitors
- HMGA1a Protein/genetics
- HMGA1a Protein/metabolism
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, SCID
- Multiple Myeloma/genetics
- Multiple Myeloma/metabolism
- Multiple Myeloma/pathology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/metabolism
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Prognosis
- RNA-Binding Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Survival Rate
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jia Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Yuji Mishima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jiantao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (SIBCB), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Romanos Sklavenitis-Pistofidis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Robert A Redd
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Michele Moschetta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Salomon Manier
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Aldo M Roccaro
- ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Clinical Research Development and Phase I Unit, CREA Laboratory, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonio Sacco
- ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Clinical Research Development and Phase I Unit, CREA Laboratory, Brescia, Italy
| | - Yu-Tzu Tai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Francois Mercier
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Yawara Kawano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nang Kham Su
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Brianna Berrios
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - John G Doench
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - David E Root
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Franziska Michor
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; and
| | - David T Scadden
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Irene M Ghobrial
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
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Fiscon G, Pegoraro S, Conte F, Manfioletti G, Paci P. Gene network analysis using SWIM reveals interplay between the transcription factor-encoding genes HMGA1, FOXM1, and MYBL2 in triple-negative breast cancer. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:1569-1586. [PMID: 33835503 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Among breast cancer subtypes, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive with the worst prognosis and the highest rates of metastatic disease. To identify TNBC gene signatures, we applied the network-based methodology implemented by the SWIM software to gene expression data of TNBC patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. SWIM enables to predict key (switch) genes within the co-expression network, whose perturbations in expression pattern and abundance may contribute to the (patho)biological phenotype. Here, SWIM analysis revealed an interesting interplay between the genes encoding the transcription factors HMGA1, FOXM1, and MYBL2, suggesting a potential cooperation among these three switch genes in TNBC development. The correlative nature of this interplay in TNBC was assessed by in vitro experiments, demonstrating how they may actually modulate the expression of each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Fiscon
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "Antonio Ruberti", National Research Council, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione per la Medicina Personalizzata, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Federica Conte
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "Antonio Ruberti", National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paola Paci
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "Antonio Ruberti", National Research Council, Rome, Italy.,Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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28
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Baumann C, Zhang X, De La Fuente R. Loss of CBX2 induces genome instability and senescence-associated chromosomal rearrangements. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:152063. [PMID: 32870972 PMCID: PMC7594495 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201910149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The polycomb group protein CBX2 is an important epigenetic reader involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. While CBX2 overexpression occurs in a wide range of human tumors, targeted deletion results in homeotic transformation, proliferative defects, and premature senescence. However, its cellular function(s) and whether it plays a role in maintenance of genome stability remain to be determined. Here, we demonstrate that loss of CBX2 in mouse fibroblasts induces abnormal large-scale chromatin structure and chromosome instability. Integrative transcriptome analysis and ATAC-seq revealed a significant dysregulation of transcripts involved in DNA repair, chromocenter formation, and tumorigenesis in addition to changes in chromatin accessibility of genes involved in lateral sclerosis, basal transcription factors, and folate metabolism. Notably, Cbx2−/− cells exhibit prominent decondensation of satellite DNA sequences at metaphase and increased sister chromatid recombination events leading to rampant chromosome instability. The presence of extensive centromere and telomere defects suggests a prominent role for CBX2 in heterochromatin homeostasis and the regulation of nuclear architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Baumann
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.,Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.,Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Rabindranath De La Fuente
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.,Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
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29
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Wang Q, Wang G, Xu X, Chen Z. miR-760 mediated the proliferation and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by regulating HMGA2. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 222:153420. [PMID: 33887625 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of our study was to investigate the roles of miR-760 and its potential mechanisms in HCC. METHODS The functions of miR-760 were identified and measured by MTT, colony formation, transwell, and flow cytometry assays. Luciferase assay was applied to verify the direct binding of miR-760 on HMGA2 3'untranslated region (3'UTR). Then, in vitro experiment was used to investigate the biological effects of miR-760 and HMGA2. Luciferase and ChIP assays were used to detect the validity of SP1 binding sites on the miR-760 promoter. RESULTS We demonstrated that miR-760 overexpression suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in HCC. Besides, HMGA2 was demonstrated as a direct target gene of miR-760. Furthermore, we found that methylation may result in the downregulation of miR-760, and SP1 could inhibit the transcription of miR-760. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that SP1/miR-760/HMGA2 may serve as a molecular regulatory axis for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quhui Wang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital Affiliated With Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The 4th Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng, 224000, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China; Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
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30
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Jung Y, Lee HS, Ha JM, Jin SY, Kum HJ, Vafaeinik F, Ha HK, Song SH, Kim CD, Bae SS. Modulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype by High Mobility Group AT-Hook 1. J Lipid Atheroscler 2021; 10:99-110. [PMID: 33537257 PMCID: PMC7838509 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2021.10.1.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of high mobility group AT-hook 1 (HMGA1) on the phenotyptic change of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Methods Gene silencing and overexpression of HMGA1 were introduced to evaluate the effect of HMGA1 expression on the phenotypic change of VSMCs. Marker gene expression of VSMCs was measured by promoter assay, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and western blot analysis. Common left carotid artery ligation model was used to establish in vivo neointima formation. Results HMGA1 was expressed strongly in the synthetic type of VSMCs and significantly downregulated during the differentiation of VSMCs. Silencing of HMGA1 in the synthetic type of VSMCs enhanced the expression of contractile marker genes thereby enhanced angiotensin II (Ang II)-dependent contraction, however, significantly suppressed proliferation and migration. Stimulation of contractile VSMCs with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) enhanced HMGA1 expression concomitant with the downregulation of marker gene expression which was blocked significantly by the silencing of HMGA1. Silencing of HMGA1 retained the Ang II-dependent contractile function, which was curtailed by PDGF stimulation, however, overexpression of HMGA1 in the contractile type of VSMCs suppressed marker gene expression. Proliferation and migration were enhanced significantly by the overexpression of HMGA1. Furthermore, the Ang II-dependent contraction was reduced significantly by the overexpression of HMGA1. Finally, the expression of HMGA1 was enhanced significantly in the ligated artery, especially in the neointima area. Conclusion HMGA1 plays an essential role in the phenotypic modulation of VSMCs. Therefore, paracrine factors such as PDGF may affect vascular remodeling through the regulation of HMGA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoojin Jung
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hae Sun Lee
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jung Min Ha
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Seo Yeon Jin
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Kum
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Farzaneh Vafaeinik
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hong Koo Ha
- Department of Urology, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Heon Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Chi Dae Kim
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center for Vessel-Associated Disease, Medical Research Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
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31
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Ma WG, Shi SM, Chen L, Lou G, Feng XL. SP1-induced lncRNA FOXD3-AS1 contributes to tumorigenesis of cervical cancer by modulating the miR-296-5p/HMGA1 pathway. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:235-248. [PMID: 32959937 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have drawn growing attention due to their regulatory roles in various diseases, including tumors. Recently, lncRNA FOXD3 antisense RNA 1 (FOXD3-AS1) was shown to be overexpressed in colon adenocarcinoma and glioma, exerting oncogenic functions. However, its expression and effects in cervical cancer (CC) remained unknown. In this research, our group first reported that the levels of FOXD3-AS1 were distinctly elevated in CC samples and cell lines. The distinct upregulation of FOXD3-AS1 was associated with lymphatic invasion, distant metastasis, and International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, and also predicted poor clinical results of CC patients. Next, transcription factor SP1 was demonstrated to resulting in the upregulation of FOXD3-AS1 in CC. Functional assays indicated that knockdown of FOXD3-AS1 distinctly suppressed CC progression via affecting cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, and metastasis. Moreover, mechanistic studies suggested that FOXD3-AS1 acted as an endogenous sponge by directly binding miR-296-5p, resulting in the suppression of miR-296-5p. In addition, we also reported that high mobility group A, a direct target of miR-296-5p, could mediate the tumor-promotive effects that FOXD3-AS1 displayed. Overall, our present study might help to lead a better understanding of the pathogenesis of CC, provide a novel possible tumor biomarker, and probe the feasibility of lncRNA-directed treatments for CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Guang Ma
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Si-Mao Shi
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ge Lou
- Department of Gynecology, The Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Feng
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Li G, Luo W, Wang B, Qian C, Ye Y, Li Y, Zhang S. HMGA1 Induction of miR-103/107 Forms a Negative Feedback Loop to Regulate Autophagy in MPTP Model of Parkinson's Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 14:620020. [PMID: 33536877 PMCID: PMC7847849 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.620020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy dysfunction has been directly linked with the onset and progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD), but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. High-mobility group A1 (HMGA1), well-known chromatin remodeling proteins, play pivotal roles in diverse biological processes and diseases. Their function in neural cell death in PD, however, have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we report that HMGA1 is highly induced during dopaminergic cell death in vitro and mice models of PD in vivo. Functional studies using genetic knockdown of endogenous HMGA1 show that HMGA1 signaling inhibition accelerates neural cell death, at least partially through aggravating MPP+-induced autophagic flux reduction resulting from partial block in autophagic flux at the terminal stages, indicating a novel potential neuroprotective role for HMGA1 in dopaminergic neurons death. MicroRNA-103/107 (miR-103/107) family, which is highly expressed in neuron, coordinately ensures proper end-stage autophagy. We further illustrate that MPP+/1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced HMGA1 elevation counterparts the effect of miR-103/107 downregulation by directly binding to their promoters, respectively, sustaining their expression in MPP+-damaged MN9D cells and modulates autophagy through CDK5R1/CDK5 signaling pathway. We also find that HMGA1 is a direct target of miR-103/107 family. Thus, our results suggest that HMGA1 forms a negative feedback loop with miR-103/107-CDK5R1/CDK5 signaling to regulate the MPP+/MPTP-induced autophagy impairment and neural cell death. Collectively, we identify a paradigm for compensatory neuroprotective HMGA1 signaling in dopaminergic neurons that could have important therapeutic implications for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The National Key Clinical Specialty, Department of Neurosurgery, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wanxian Luo
- Department of Medicine Ultrasonics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoyan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The National Key Clinical Specialty, Department of Neurosurgery, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Qian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The National Key Clinical Specialty, Department of Neurosurgery, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongyi Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuantao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shizhong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The National Key Clinical Specialty, Department of Neurosurgery, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Stewart GL, Sage AP, Enfield KSS, Marshall EA, Cohn DE, Lam WL. Deregulation of a Cis-Acting lncRNA in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer May Control HMGA1 Expression. Front Genet 2021; 11:615378. [PMID: 33505435 PMCID: PMC7831742 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.615378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have long been implicated in cancer-associated phenotypes. Recently, a class of lncRNAs, known as cis-acting, have been shown to regulate the expression of neighboring protein-coding genes and may represent undiscovered therapeutic action points. The chromatin architecture modification gene HMGA1 has recently been described to be aberrantly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, the mechanisms mediating the expression of HMGA1 in LUAD remain unknown. Here we investigate the deregulation of a putative cis-acting lncRNA in LUAD, and its effect on the oncogene HMGA1. Methods LncRNA expression was determined from RNA-sequencing data of tumor and matched non-malignant tissues from 36 LUAD patients. Transcripts with significantly deregulated expression were identified and validated in a secondary LUAD RNA-seq dataset (TCGA). SiRNA-mediated knockdown of a candidate cis-acting lncRNA was performed in BEAS-2B cells. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to observe the effects of lncRNA knockdown on the expression of HMGA1. Results We identified the lncRNA RP11.513I15.6, which we refer to as HMGA1-lnc, neighboring HMGA1 to be significantly downregulated in both LUAD cohorts. Conversely, we found HMGA1 significantly overexpressed in LUAD and anticorrelated with HMGA1-lnc. In vitro experiments demonstrated siRNA-mediated inhibition of HMGA1-lnc in immortalized non-malignant lung epithelial cells resulted in a significant increase in HMGA1 gene expression. Conclusion Our results suggest that HMGA1-lnc is a novel cis-acting lncRNA that negatively regulates HMGA1 gene expression in lung cells. Further characterization of this regulatory mechanism may advance our understanding of the maintenance of lung cancer phenotypes and uncover a novel therapeutic intervention point for tumors driven by HMGA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg L Stewart
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Adam P Sage
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Katey S S Enfield
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Erin A Marshall
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David E Cohn
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wan L Lam
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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34
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Liang C, Niu J, Wang X, Zhang ZS, Yang RH, Yao X, Liu FY, Li WQ, Pei SH, Sun H, Wang CJ, Fang D, Xie SQ. P300-dependent acetylation of histone H3 is required for epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated high-mobility group protein A2 transcription in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2020; 112:679-690. [PMID: 33164305 PMCID: PMC7894021 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
High‐mobility group protein A2 (HMGA2) is highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and contributes to tumor metastasis and poor patient survival. However, the molecular mechanism through which HMGA2 is transcriptionally regulated in HCC cells remains largely unclear. Here, we showed that the expression HMGA2 was upregulated in HCC, and that elevated HMGA2 could promote tumor metastasis. Incubation of HCC cells with epidermal growth factor (EGF) could promote the expression of HMGA2 mRNA and protein. Mechanistic studies suggested that EGF can phosphorylate p300 at Ser1834 residue through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in HCC cells. Knockdown of p300 can reverse EGF‐induced HMGA2 expression and histone H3‐K9 acetylation, whereas a phosphorylation‐mimic p300 S1834D mutant can stimulate HMGA2 expression as well as H3‐K9 acetylation in HCC cells. Furthermore, we identified that p300‐mediated H3‐K9 acetylation participates in EGF‐induced HMGA2 expression in HCC. In addition, the levels of H3‐K9 acetylation positively correlated with the expression levels of HMGA2 in a chemically induced HCC model in rats and human HCC specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liang
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jie Niu
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhan-Sheng Zhang
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Ruo-Han Yang
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xin Yao
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Fan-Ye Liu
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wen-Qi Li
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shu-Hua Pei
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Hua Sun
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Chao-Jie Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Dong Fang
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Song-Qiang Xie
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Institute of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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35
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Qin C, Jin L, Li J, Zha W, Ding H, Liu X, Zhu X. Long Noncoding RNA LINC02163 Accelerates Malignant Tumor Behaviors in Breast Cancer by Regulating the MicroRNA-511-3p/HMGA2 Axis. Oncol Res 2020; 28:483-495. [PMID: 32571448 PMCID: PMC7751230 DOI: 10.3727/096504020x15928179818438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Long intergenic nonprotein-coding RNA 02163 (LINC02163) has been reported to be upregulated and work as an oncogene in gastric cancer. The aims of the present study were to determine the expression profile and clinical value of LINC02163 in breast cancer. Additionally, the detailed functions of LINC02163 in breast cancer were explored, and relevant molecular events were elucidated. In this study, LINC02163 was upregulated in breast cancer, and its expression level was closely associated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage. Patients with breast cancer presenting high LINC02163 expression exhibited shorter overall survival than those presenting low LINC02163 expression. Knockdown of LINC02163 resulted in a decrease in breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and an increase in cell apoptosis in vitro. In addition, silencing of LINC02163 impeded breast cancer tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistic investigation revealed that LINC02163 served as a competing endogenous RNA for microRNA-511-3p (miR-511-3p) and consequently upregulated the expression of the high-mobility group A2 (HMGA2), a downstream target of miR-511-3p. Intriguingly, miR-511-3p inhibition and HMGA2 restoration counteracted the effects of LINC02163 deficiency on the malignant properties of breast cancer cells. LINC02163 exerts cancer-promoting effects during the initiation and progression of breast cancer via regulation of the miR-511-3p/HMGA2 axis. Our findings add to our understanding of the roles of the LINC02163/miR-511-3p/HMGA2 pathway as a regulator of breast cancer pathogenesis and may be useful in the development of lncRNA-directed cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Qin
- *Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- †Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong Medical College, Yancheng City No. 1 People’s Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Linfang Jin
- *Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- ‡Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University (Wuxi Fourth People’s Hospital), Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jia Li
- *Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- §Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Wenzhang Zha
- †Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong Medical College, Yancheng City No. 1 People’s Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Huiming Ding
- †Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong Medical College, Yancheng City No. 1 People’s Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorong Liu
- *Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- ¶Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xun Zhu
- *Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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Napoli M, Li X, Ackerman HD, Deshpande AA, Barannikov I, Pisegna MA, Bedrosian I, Mitsch J, Quinlan P, Thompson A, Rajapakshe K, Coarfa C, Gunaratne PH, Marchion DC, Magliocco AM, Tsai KY, Flores ER. Pan-cancer analysis reveals TAp63-regulated oncogenic lncRNAs that promote cancer progression through AKT activation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5156. [PMID: 33056990 PMCID: PMC7561725 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18973-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The most frequent genetic alterations across multiple human cancers are mutations in TP53 and the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, two events crucial for cancer progression. Mutations in TP53 lead to the inhibition of the tumour and metastasis suppressor TAp63, a p53 family member. By performing a mouse-human cross species analysis between the TAp63 metastatic mammary adenocarcinoma mouse model and models of human breast cancer progression, we identified two TAp63-regulated oncogenic lncRNAs, TROLL-2 and TROLL-3. Further, using a pan-cancer analysis of human cancers and multiple mouse models of tumour progression, we revealed that these two lncRNAs induce the activation of AKT to promote cancer progression by regulating the nuclear to cytoplasmic translocation of their effector, WDR26, via the shuttling protein NOLC1. Our data provide preclinical rationale for the implementation of these lncRNAs and WDR26 as therapeutic targets for the treatment of human tumours dependent upon mutant TP53 and/or the PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Napoli
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Hayley D Ackerman
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Avani A Deshpande
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Ivan Barannikov
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Marlese A Pisegna
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Isabelle Bedrosian
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jürgen Mitsch
- Advanced Data Analysis Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.,School of Computer Sciences University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Philip Quinlan
- Advanced Data Analysis Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.,School of Computer Sciences University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Alastair Thompson
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Preethi H Gunaratne
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77004, USA
| | - Douglas C Marchion
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Anthony M Magliocco
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Kenneth Y Tsai
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Department of Tumour Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA. .,Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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Pegoraro S, Ros G, Sgubin M, Petrosino S, Zambelli A, Sgarra R, Manfioletti G. Targeting the intrinsically disordered architectural High Mobility Group A (HMGA) oncoproteins in breast cancer: learning from the past to design future strategies. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:953-969. [PMID: 32970506 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1814738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most difficult breast cancer subtype to treat because of its heterogeneity and lack of specific therapeutic targets. High Mobility Group A (HMGA) proteins are chromatin architectural factors that have multiple oncogenic functions in breast cancer, and they represent promising molecular therapeutic targets for this disease. AREAS COVERED We offer an overview of the strategies that have been exploited to counteract HMGA oncoprotein activities at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. We also present the possibility of targeting cancer-associated factors that lie downstream of HMGA proteins and discuss the contribution of HMGA proteins to chemoresistance. EXPERT OPINION Different strategies have been exploited to counteract HMGA protein activities; these involve interfering with their nucleic acid binding properties and the blocking of HMGA expression. Some approaches have provided promising results. However, some unique characteristics of the HMGA proteins have not been exploited; these include their extensive protein-protein interaction network and their intrinsically disordered status that present the possibility that HMGA proteins could be involved in the formation of proteinaceous membrane-less organelles (PMLO) by liquid-liquid phase separation. These unexplored characteristics could open new pharmacological avenues to counteract the oncogenic contributions of HMGA proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pegoraro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste , Trieste, Italy
| | - Gloria Ros
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste , Trieste, Italy
| | - Michela Sgubin
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste , Trieste, Italy
| | - Sara Petrosino
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste , Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Sgarra
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste , Trieste, Italy
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Chromatin Architectural Factors as Safeguards against Excessive Supercoiling during DNA Replication. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124504. [PMID: 32599919 PMCID: PMC7349988 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Key DNA transactions, such as genome replication and transcription, rely on the speedy translocation of specialized protein complexes along a double-stranded, right-handed helical template. Physical tethering of these molecular machines during translocation, in conjunction with their internal architectural features, generates DNA topological strain in the form of template supercoiling. It is known that the build-up of transient excessive supercoiling poses severe threats to genome function and stability and that highly specialized enzymes—the topoisomerases (TOP)—have evolved to mitigate these threats. Furthermore, due to their intracellular abundance and fast supercoil relaxation rates, it is generally assumed that these enzymes are sufficient in coping with genome-wide bursts of excessive supercoiling. However, the recent discoveries of chromatin architectural factors that play important accessory functions have cast reasonable doubts on this concept. Here, we reviewed the background of these new findings and described emerging models of how these accessory factors contribute to supercoil homeostasis. We focused on DNA replication and the generation of positive (+) supercoiling in front of replisomes, where two accessory factors—GapR and HMGA2—from pro- and eukaryotic cells, respectively, appear to play important roles as sinks for excessive (+) supercoiling by employing a combination of supercoil constrainment and activation of topoisomerases. Looking forward, we expect that additional factors will be identified in the future as part of an expanding cellular repertoire to cope with bursts of topological strain. Furthermore, identifying antagonists that target these accessory factors and work synergistically with clinically relevant topoisomerase inhibitors could become an interesting novel strategy, leading to improved treatment outcomes.
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The Mammalian High Mobility Group Protein AT-Hook 2 (HMGA2): Biochemical and Biophysical Properties, and Its Association with Adipogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103710. [PMID: 32466162 PMCID: PMC7279267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian high-mobility-group protein AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) is a small DNA-binding protein and consists of three “AT-hook” DNA-binding motifs and a negatively charged C-terminal motif. It is a multifunctional nuclear protein directly linked to obesity, human height, stem cell youth, human intelligence, and tumorigenesis. Biochemical and biophysical studies showed that HMGA2 is an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) and could form homodimers in aqueous buffer solution. The “AT-hook” DNA-binding motifs specifically bind to the minor groove of AT-rich DNA sequences and induce DNA-bending. HMGA2 plays an important role in adipogenesis most likely through stimulating the proliferative expansion of preadipocytes and also through regulating the expression of transcriptional factor Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) at the clonal expansion step from preadipocytes to adipocytes. Current evidence suggests that a main function of HMGA2 is to maintain stemness and renewal capacity of stem cells by which HMGA2 binds to chromosome and lock chromosome into a specific state, to allow the human embryonic stem cells to maintain their stem cell potency. Due to the importance of HMGA2 in adipogenesis and tumorigenesis, HMGA2 is considered a potential therapeutic target for anticancer and anti-obesity drugs. Efforts are taken to identify inhibitors targeting HMGA2.
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Heilmann T, Vondung F, Borzikowsky C, Krüger S, Elessawy M, Alkatout I, Wenners A, Bauer M, Klapper W, Röcken C, Maass N, Schem C, Trauzold A. Cytoplasmic levels of high mobility group A2 determine survival prognoses in breast cancer patients. Int J Biol Markers 2020; 35:20-28. [PMID: 32394766 DOI: 10.1177/1724600820917990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High mobility group A proteins are involved in chromatin remodeling, thereby influencing multiple fundamental biological processes. HMGA2 has been linked to oncogenic traits among a variety of malignancies. OBJECTIVE To determine the prognostic implications of subcellular distribution patterns of HMGA2 in breast cancer. METHODS Nuclear and cytoplasmic HMGA2 was evaluated in 342 breast cancer specimens and matched with clinico-pathological parameters. RESULTS Overall and cytoplasmic, but not nuclear, levels of HMGA2 correlated with better survival prognoses in our collective (hazard ratio (HR) 0.34, P = 0.001 and HR 0.34, P < 0.001, respectively). The protective effect of cytoplasmic HMGA2 persisted in the Luminal A and triple negative breast cancer subgroups. Evaluating Luminal A and B subgroups jointly, only cytoplasmic, but not overall or nuclear HMGA2 levels were associated with better survival (HR 0.42, 95% confidence interval 0.21, 0.86, P = 0.017), irrespective of tumor size and node status. The addition of HMGA2 overall and cytoplasmic scores strengthened the prognostic selectivity in a model of conventional breast cancer risk factors. No predictive significance with regard to endocrine or chemoendocrine therapies was observed. CONCLUSION Unexpectedly, we found a favorable survival probability upon overall levels of HMGA2 in our breast cancer collective, which was predominantly determined by the presence of HMGA2 in the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Heilmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Florian Vondung
- Department of Pathology, General Pathology and Hematopathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Borzikowsky
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sandra Krüger
- Department of Pathology, General Pathology and Hematopathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mohamed Elessawy
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Alkatout
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | - Wolfram Klapper
- Department of Pathology, General Pathology and Hematopathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Röcken
- Department of Pathology, General Pathology and Hematopathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nicolai Maass
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Anna Trauzold
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Zhu WJ, Yan Y, Zhang JW, Tang YD, Han B. Effect and Mechanism of miR-26a-5p on Proliferation and Apoptosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:3013-3022. [PMID: 32431544 PMCID: PMC7200261 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s237752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of miR-26a-5p on proliferation and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Methods RT-PCR was used to analyze the expression of miR-26a-5p in HCC cells and its targeted gene HMGA2 mRNA determined by biological information prediction. The rate of proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, and expression levels of related proteins of HCC cells overexpressing miR-26a-5p or those after knocking down HMGA2 expression were detected by MTT, invasion and apoptosis rate tests. Moreover, the apoptosis-promoting protein bax was upregulated and the anti-apoptosis-related protein Bcl-2 was downregulated. Results RT-qPCR results showed that the level of miR-26a-5p was downregulated in HCC tissues and cells, and the expression of HMGA2 was upregulated; besides, the expression of miR-26a-5p and HMGA2 was negatively correlated; miR-26a-5p was correlated with tumor diameter, differentiation degree, TNM staging and lymph node metastasis. Cell tests confirmed that miR-26a-5p functioned in tumor suppression, including inhibiting cell proliferation and invasion in two hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines and promoting apoptosis. Bioinformatics prediction and subsequent experiments proved that HMGA2 was the direct target of miR-26a-5p; moreover, after knocking down HMGA2 expression in HCC cells, cell proliferation and invasion ability were significantly inhibited, and apoptosis rate increased significantly. Conclusion miR-26a-5p can inhibit the proliferation and invasion of HCC cells and promote their apoptosis by directly targeting HMGA2. Abnormal decrease of miR-26a-5p and increase of its target HMGA2 are important factors that may participate in the occurrence and development of HCC. miR-26a-5p may be a new potential target for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Zhu
- Abdominal Ultrasonic Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Yan
- Oncology Department, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiu-Wei Zhang
- Abdominal Ultrasonic Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Dong Tang
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Han
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
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HMGA1-pseudogene7 transgenic mice develop B cell lymphomas. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7057. [PMID: 32341372 PMCID: PMC7184748 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62974-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently identified and characterized two pseudogenes (HMGA1P6 and HMGA1P7) of the HMGA1 gene, which has a critical role in malignant cell transformation and cancer progression. HMGA1P6 and HMGAP17 act as microRNA decoy for HMGA1 and other cancer-related genes upregulating their protein levels. We have previously shown that they are upregulated in several human carcinomas, and their expression positively correlates with a poor prognosis and an advanced cancer stage. To evaluate in vivo oncogenic activity of HMGA1 pseudogenes, we have generated a HMGA1P7 transgenic mouse line overexpressing this pseudogene. By a mean age of 12 months, about 50% of the transgenic mice developed splenomegaly and accumulation of lymphoid cells in several body compartments. For these mice FACS and immunohistochemical analyses suggested the diagnosis of B-cell lymphoma that was further supported by clonality analyses and RNA expression profile of the pathological tissues of the HMGA1P7 transgenic tissues. Therefore, these results clearly demonstrate the oncogenic activity of HMGA1 pseudogenes in vivo.
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Mediterranean Diet Nutrients to Turn the Tide against Insulin Resistance and Related Diseases. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041066. [PMID: 32290535 PMCID: PMC7230471 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR), defined as an attenuated biological response to circulating insulin, is a fundamental defect in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), and is also linked to a wide spectrum of pathological conditions, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cognitive impairment, endothelial dysfunction, chronic kidney disease (CKD), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and some endocrine tumors, including breast cancer. In obesity, the unbalanced production of pro- and anti-inflammatory adipocytokines can lead to the development of IR and its related metabolic complications, which are potentially reversible through weight-loss programs. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), characterized by high consumption of extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO), nuts, red wine, vegetables and other polyphenol-rich elements, has proved to be associated with greater improvement of IR in obese individuals, when compared to other nutritional interventions. Also, recent studies in either experimental animal models or in humans, have shown encouraging results for insulin-sensitizing nutritional supplements derived from MedDiet food sources in the modulation of pathognomonic traits of certain IR-related conditions, including polyunsaturated fatty acids from olive oil and seeds, anthocyanins from purple vegetables and fruits, resveratrol from grapes, and the EVOO-derived, oleacein. Although the pharmacological properties and clinical uses of these functional nutrients are still under investigation, the molecular mechanism(s) underlying the metabolic benefits appear to be compound-specific and, in some cases, point to a role in gene expression through an involvement of the nuclear high-mobility group A1 (HMGA1) protein.
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High Mobility Group A (HMGA): Chromatin Nodes Controlled by a Knotty miRNA Network. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030717. [PMID: 31979076 PMCID: PMC7038092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
High mobility group A (HMGA) proteins are oncofoetal chromatin architectural factors that are widely involved in regulating gene expression. These proteins are unique, because they are highly expressed in embryonic and cancer cells, where they play a relevant role in cell proliferation, stemness, and the acquisition of aggressive tumour traits, i.e., motility, invasiveness, and metastatic properties. The HMGA protein expression levels and activities are controlled by a connected set of events at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels. In fact, microRNA (miRNA)-mediated RNA stability is the most-studied mechanism of HMGA protein expression modulation. In this review, we contribute to a comprehensive overview of HMGA-targeting miRNAs; we provide detailed information regarding HMGA gene structural organization and a comprehensive evaluation and description of HMGA-targeting miRNAs, while focusing on those that are widely involved in HMGA regulation; and, we aim to offer insights into HMGA-miRNA mutual cross-talk from a functional and cancer-related perspective, highlighting possible clinical implications.
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HMGA Genes and Proteins in Development and Evolution. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020654. [PMID: 31963852 PMCID: PMC7013770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
HMGA (high mobility group A) (HMGA1 and HMGA2) are small non-histone proteins that can bind DNA and modify chromatin state, thus modulating the accessibility of regulatory factors to the DNA and contributing to the overall panorama of gene expression tuning. In general, they are abundantly expressed during embryogenesis, but are downregulated in the adult differentiated tissues. In the present review, we summarize some aspects of their role during development, also dealing with relevant studies that have shed light on their functioning in cell biology and with emerging possible involvement of HMGA1 and HMGA2 in evolutionary biology.
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Ros G, Pegoraro S, De Angelis P, Sgarra R, Zucchelli S, Gustincich S, Manfioletti G. HMGA2 Antisense Long Non-coding RNAs as New Players in the Regulation of HMGA2 Expression and Pancreatic Cancer Promotion. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1526. [PMID: 32010621 PMCID: PMC6978849 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Natural antisense long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are regulatory RNAs transcribed from the opposite strand of either protein coding or non-coding genes, able to modulate their own sense gene expression. Hence, their dysregulation can lead to pathologic processes. Cancer is a complex class of diseases determined by the aberrant expression of a variety of factors, among them, the oncofetal chromatin architectural proteins High Mobility Group A (HMGA) modulate several cancer hallmarks. Thus, we decided to investigate the presence of natural antisense lncRNAs in HMGA1 and HMGA2 loci, and their possible involvement in gene expression regulation. Methods: We used FANTOM5 data resources, FANTOM-CAT genome browser and Zenbu visualization tool, which employ 1,829 human CAGE and RNA-sequencing libraries, to determine expression, ontology enrichment, and dynamic regulation of natural antisense lncRNAs in HMGA1 and HMGA2 loci. We then performed qRT-PCR in different cancer cell lines to validate the existence of HMGA2-AS1 transcripts. We depleted HMGA2-AS1 transcripts with siRNAs and investigated HMGA2 expression by qRT-PCR and western blot analyses. Moreover, we evaluated cell viability and migration by MTS and transwell assays, and EMT markers by qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence. Furthermore, we used bioinformatics approaches to evaluate HMGA2 and HMGA2-AS1 correlation and overall survival in tumor patients. Results: We found the presence of a promoter-associated lncRNA (CATG00000088127.1) in the HMGA1 gene and three antisense genes (RPSAP52, HMGA2-AS1, and RP11-366L20.3) in the HMGA2 gene. We studied the uncharacterized HMGA2-AS1 transcripts, validating their existence in cancer cell lines and observing a positive correlation between HMGA2 and HMGA2-AS1 expression in a cancer-derived patient dataset. We showed that HMGA2-AS1 transcripts positively modulate HMGA2 expression and migration properties of PANC1 cells through HMGA2. In addition, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that high level of HMGA2-AS1 is a negative prognostic factor in pancreatic cancer patients. Conclusions: Our results describe novel antisense lncRNAs associated with HMGA1 and HMGA2 genes. In particular, we demonstrate that HMGA2-AS1 is involved in the regulation of its own sense gene expression, mediating tumorigenesis. Thus, we highlight a new layer of complexity in the regulation of HMGA2 expression, providing new potential targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Ros
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvia Pegoraro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo De Angelis
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Riccardo Sgarra
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvia Zucchelli
- Department of Health Sciences, Center for Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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Parisi S, Piscitelli S, Passaro F, Russo T. HMGA Proteins in Stemness and Differentiation of Embryonic and Adult Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E362. [PMID: 31935816 PMCID: PMC6981681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
HMGA1 and HMGA2 are chromatin architectural proteins that do not have transcriptional activity per se, but are able to modify chromatin structure by interacting with the transcriptional machinery and thus negatively or positively regulate the transcription of several genes. They have been extensively studied in cancer where they are often found to be overexpressed but their functions under physiologic conditions have still not been completely addressed. Hmga1 and Hmga2 are expressed during the early stages of mouse development, whereas they are not detectable in most adult tissues. Hmga overexpression or knockout studies in mouse have pointed to a key function in the development of the embryo and of various tissues. HMGA proteins are expressed in embryonic stem cells and in some adult stem cells and numerous experimental data have indicated that they play a fundamental role in the maintenance of stemness and in the regulation of differentiation. In this review, we discuss available experimental data on HMGA1 and HMGA2 functions in governing embryonic and adult stem cell fate. Moreover, based on the available evidence, we will aim to outline how HMGA expression is regulated in different contexts and how these two proteins contribute to the regulation of gene expression and chromatin architecture in stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Parisi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy (F.P.); (T.R.)
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Zhang W, Zhao H, Chen K, Huang Y. Overexpressing of POU2F2 accelerates fracture healing via regulating HMGA1/Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 84:491-499. [PMID: 31782345 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1695574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the role of POU2F2 (POU class 2 homeobox 2) in fracture healing, 30 rats with femoral fracture were randomly grouped into three groups: FF group, LV-POU2F2 group and LV-scramble group. Rats were injected with PBS, lentivirus expressing POU2F2 or scramble lentivirus once a week for 4 weeks. Results showed that overexpressing of POU2F2 promoted fracture healing and callus growth. Besides, overexpressing of POU2F2 promoted protein and mRNA expression of Col10a1, Runx2, Osterix, and Osteocalcin. High Mobility Group AT-hook 1 (HMGA1) is a non-histone protein participating in chromatin remodeling of cells. Western blotting manifested HMGA1/Wnt/β-catenin pathway was activated in POU2F2 group. Moreover, in-vitro study of hMSCs cells supported the above data. In conclusion, POU2F2 promotes fracture healing via activating the HMGA1/Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanke Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzhou Wujin People's Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Clinical Implications of Extracellular HMGA1 in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235950. [PMID: 31779212 PMCID: PMC6928815 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The unconventional secretion of proteins is generally caused by cellular stress. During the tumorigenesis, tumor cells experience high levels of stress, and the secretion of some theoretically intracellular proteins is activated. Once in the extracellular space, these proteins play different paracrine and autocrine roles and could represent a vulnerability of cancer. One of these proteins is the high mobility group A1 (HMGA1), which is frequently overexpressed in tumors and presents a low expression in normal adult tissues. We have recently described that HMGA1 establishes an autocrine loop in invasive triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. The secretion of HMGA1 and its binding to the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) mediates the migration, invasion, and metastasis of TNBC cells and predicts the onset of metastasis in these patients. In this review, we summarized different strategies to exploit the novel tumorigenic phenotype mediated by extracellular HMGA1. We envisioned future clinical applications where the association between its change in subcellular localization and breast cancer progression could be used to predict tumor aggressiveness and guide treatment decisions. Furthermore, we proposed that targeting extracellular HMGA1 as monotherapy using monoclonal antibodies, or in combination with chemotherapy and other targeted therapies, could bring new therapeutic options for TNBC patients.
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The transcribed pseudogene RPSAP52 enhances the oncofetal HMGA2-IGF2BP2-RAS axis through LIN28B-dependent and independent let-7 inhibition. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3979. [PMID: 31484926 PMCID: PMC6726650 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11910-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
One largely unknown question in cell biology is the discrimination between inconsequential and functional transcriptional events with relevant regulatory functions. Here, we find that the oncofetal HMGA2 gene is aberrantly reexpressed in many tumor types together with its antisense transcribed pseudogene RPSAP52. RPSAP52 is abundantly present in the cytoplasm, where it interacts with the RNA binding protein IGF2BP2/IMP2, facilitating its binding to mRNA targets, promoting their translation by mediating their recruitment on polysomes and enhancing proliferative and self-renewal pathways. Notably, downregulation of RPSAP52 impairs the balance between the oncogene LIN28B and the tumor suppressor let-7 family of miRNAs, inhibits cellular proliferation and migration in vitro and slows down tumor growth in vivo. In addition, high levels of RPSAP52 in patient samples associate with a worse prognosis in sarcomas. Overall, we reveal the roles of a transcribed pseudogene that may display properties of an oncofetal master regulator in human cancers.
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