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Zou S, Chen S, Rao G, Zhang G, Ma M, Peng B, Du X, Huang W, Lin W, Tian Y, Fu X. Extrachromosomal circular MiR-17-92 amplicon promotes HCC. Hepatology 2024; 79:79-95. [PMID: 37125628 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Extrachromosomal circular DNAs (eccDNAs) are prevalent in cancer genomes and emerge as a class of crucial yet less characterized oncogenic drivers. However, the structure, composition, genome-wide frequency, and contribution of eccDNAs in HCC, one of the most fatal and prevalent cancers, remain unexplored. In this study, we provide a comprehensive characterization of eccDNAs in human HCC and demonstrate an oncogenic role of microRNA (miRNA)-17-92-containing eccDNAs in tumor progression. APPROACH AND RESULTS Using the circle-sequencing method, we identify and characterize more than 230,000 eccDNAs from 4 paired samples of HCC tumor and adjacent nontumor liver tissues. EccDNAs are highly enriched in HCC tumors, preferentially originate from certain chromosomal hotspots, and are correlated with differential gene expression. Particularly, a series of eccDNAs carrying the miRNA-17-92 cluster are validated by outward PCR and Sanger sequencing. Quantitative PCR analyses reveal that miRNA-17-92-containing eccDNAs, along with the expression of their corresponding miRNAs, are elevated in HCC tumors and associated with poor outcomes and the age of HCC patients. More intriguingly, exogenous expression of artificial DNA circles harboring the miR-17-92 cluster, which is synthesized by the ligase-assisted minicircle accumulation method, can significantly accelerate HCC cell proliferation and migration. CONCLUSIONS These findings delineate the genome-wide eccDNAs profiling of HCC and highlight the functional significance of miRNA-containing eccDNAs in tumorigenesis, providing insight into HCC pathogenesis and cancer therapy, as well as eccDNA and miRNA biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailan Zou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shihan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guocheng Rao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guixiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery and Gastric Cancer Center, Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Meilin Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Boqiang Peng
- Department of General Surgery and Gastric Cancer Center, Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao Du
- Department of General Surgery and Gastric Cancer Center, Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of General Surgery, Yaan People's Hospital, Yaan, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Huang
- West China Centre of Excellence for Pancreatitis, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Weiqiang Lin
- International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianghui Fu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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2
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Fatma H, Siddique HR. AURORA KINASE A and related downstream molecules: A potential network for cancer therapy. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 134:115-145. [PMID: 36858732 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Aurora-A kinase (AURKA) belongs to the serine/threonine kinase family specific to cell division. In normal cells, activation of the AURKA protein is essential for regulating chromosomal segregation and centrosome maturation. The physiological concentration of AURKA accumulation has utmost importance during cell division. AURKA starts accumulating during the S phase of the cell cycle, gets functionally activated during the G2/M phase, attaches to the microtubule, and gets degraded during mitotic exit. Overexpression of AURKA could lead to deregulated cell cycle division, which is intrinsic to numerous cancers. Moreover, dysregulated AURKA affects various downstream molecules that aid in cancer pathogenesis. AURKA phosphorylates its substrates, including oncoproteins, transcriptional factors, tumor suppressor proteins, or other kinases central to various oncogenic signaling pathways critical to cancer. Considering the central role of AURKA in cell proliferation and tumorigenesis, targeting AURKA can be a novel alternative to cancer management. Several AURKA inhibitors have shown promising responses against different cancers either as a single agent or combined with various therapies. This chapter briefly discusses the role of AURKA and its downstream molecules in cancer vis-à-vis the role of AURKA inhibitor in chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homa Fatma
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hifzur R Siddique
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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3
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The Adaptability of Chromosomal Instability in Cancer Therapy and Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010245. [PMID: 36613695 PMCID: PMC9820635 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Variation in chromosome structure is a central source of DNA damage and DNA damage response, together representinga major hallmark of chromosomal instability. Cancer cells under selective pressure of therapy use DNA damage and DNA damage response to produce newfunctional assets as an evolutionary mechanism. Recent efforts to understand DNA damage/chromosomal instability and elucidate its role in initiation or progression of cancer have also disclosed its vulnerabilities represented by inappropriate DNA damage response, chromatin changes, andinflammation. Understanding these vulnerabilities can provide important clues for predicting treatment response and for the development of novel strategies that prevent the emergence of therapy resistant tumors.
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4
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Carlsson MJ, Vollmer AS, Demuth P, Heylmann D, Reich D, Quarz C, Rasenberger B, Nikolova T, Hofmann TG, Christmann M, Fuhlbrueck JA, Stegmüller S, Richling E, Cartus AT, Fahrer J. p53 triggers mitochondrial apoptosis following DNA damage-dependent replication stress by the hepatotoxin methyleugenol. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:1009. [PMID: 36446765 PMCID: PMC9708695 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05446-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most frequent tumor entities worldwide, which is causally linked to viral infection, fatty liver disease, life-style factors and food-borne carcinogens, particularly aflatoxins. Moreover, genotoxic plant toxins including phenylpropenes are suspected human liver carcinogens. The phenylpropene methyleugenol (ME) is a constituent of essential oils in many plants and occurs in herbal medicines, food, and cosmetics. Following its uptake, ME undergoes Cytochrome P450 (CYP) and sulfotransferase 1A1 (SULT1A1)-dependent metabolic activation, giving rise to DNA damage. However, little is known about the cellular response to the induced DNA adducts. Here, we made use of different SULT1A1-proficient cell models including primary hepatocytes that were treated with 1'-hydroxymethyleugenol (OH-ME) as main phase I metabolite. Firstly, mass spectrometry showed a concentration-dependent formation of N2-MIE-dG as major DNA adduct, strongly correlating with SULT1A1 expression as attested in cells with and without human SULT1A1. ME-derived DNA damage activated mainly the ATR-mediated DNA damage response as shown by phosphorylation of CHK1 and histone 2AX, followed by p53 accumulation and CHK2 phosphorylation. Consistent with these findings, the DNA adducts decreased replication speed and caused replication fork stalling. OH-ME treatment reduced viability particularly in cell lines with wild-type p53 and triggered apoptotic cell death, which was rescued by pan-caspase-inhibition. Further experiments demonstrated mitochondrial apoptosis as major cell death pathway. ME-derived DNA damage caused upregulation of the p53-responsive genes NOXA and PUMA, Bax activation, and cytochrome c release followed by caspase-9 and caspase-3 cleavage. We finally demonstrated the crucial role of p53 for OH-ME triggered cell death as evidenced by reduced pro-apoptotic gene expression, strongly attenuated Bax activation and cell death inhibition upon genetic knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of p53. Taken together, our study demonstrates for the first time that ME-derived DNA damage causes replication stress and triggers mitochondrial apoptosis via the p53-Bax pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max J. Carlsson
- grid.7645.00000 0001 2155 0333Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Anastasia S. Vollmer
- grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Rudolf Buchheim Institute of Pharmacology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany ,grid.411544.10000 0001 0196 8249Present Address: Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Demuth
- grid.7645.00000 0001 2155 0333Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Daniel Heylmann
- grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Rudolf Buchheim Institute of Pharmacology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Diana Reich
- grid.410607.4Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Caroline Quarz
- grid.7645.00000 0001 2155 0333Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Birgit Rasenberger
- grid.410607.4Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Teodora Nikolova
- grid.410607.4Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas G. Hofmann
- grid.410607.4Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Christmann
- grid.410607.4Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Julia A. Fuhlbrueck
- grid.7645.00000 0001 2155 0333Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Simone Stegmüller
- grid.7645.00000 0001 2155 0333Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Elke Richling
- grid.7645.00000 0001 2155 0333Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Alexander T. Cartus
- grid.7645.00000 0001 2155 0333Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Jörg Fahrer
- grid.7645.00000 0001 2155 0333Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany ,grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Rudolf Buchheim Institute of Pharmacology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany ,grid.410607.4Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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5
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Chen B, Yang Z, Lang Z, Tao Q, Zhang R, Zhan Y, Xu X, Zhu K, Zheng J, Yu Z, Yu S. M6A-related lncRNAs predict clinical outcome and regulate the tumor immune microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:867. [PMID: 35941582 PMCID: PMC9361634 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09925-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
LncRNA N6-methylandenosine (m6A) modification has been shown to be associated with the constitution of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and tumorigenesis. It's essential to understand the mechanisms of lncRNA m6A modification in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and identify relative prognostic predictors to guide therapy and explore potential therapeutic targets. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to identify m6A-related lncRNAs in 374 patients with HCC. Unsupervised cluster analysis of the potential m6A-related lncRNA-based HCC subtypes was conducted, followed by the concurrent analysis of their relationship with TME characteristics, immune checkpoints, immune features, and prognosis through single sample gene set enrichment analysis and ESTIMATE algorithm. Cox regression analyses were performed to screen prognostic m6A-related lncRNA, construct an m6A-related lncRNA signature (m6A-RLRS), and establish an integrated nomogram for the prognosis of patients with HCC. We identified 61 m6A-related lncRNAs and two HCC subtypes defined by consensus cluster of m6A-related lncRNAs with distinct clinical features. Progression-free survival (PFS), three TME-related scores, 15 immune-associated gene sets, and two immune checkpoints expression were found to be significantly different among the two subtypes. Twenty-five prognostic m6A-related lncRNAs were determined, four of which were included to establish an m6A-RLRS with favorable discrimination, and the signature was validated in the validation set and an independent FAHWMU cohort (n = 60). Furthermore, a novel nomogram combining signature and clinical predictors was generated with a C-index of 0.703, and an original ceRNA regulatory network consisting of 9 lncRNAs, 28 miRNAs, and 75 target mRNAs was constructed. Finally, the differential expression of four m6A-related lncRNA was verified by qRT-PCR. In conclusion, m6A-related lncRNA prognostic signature and molecular subtype contributes to accurately predict the prognosis of HCC and provide potential novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.2 fuxue lane, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Zhichao Lang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Qiqi Tao
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Yating Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xuantong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Jianjian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Zhengping Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.2 fuxue lane, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Suhui Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No.2 fuxue lane, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Das B, Toraman S. Deep transfer learning for automated liver cancer gene recognition using spectrogram images of digitized DNA sequences. Biomed Signal Process Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2021.103317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Patil S, Jahagirdar S, Khot M, Sengupta K. Studying the Role of Chromosomal Instability (CIN) in GI Cancers Using Patient-derived Organoids. J Mol Biol 2021; 434:167256. [PMID: 34547328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is associated with the initiation and progression of gastrointestinal (GI) tract cancers. Cancers of the GI tract are typically characterized by altered chromosome numbers. While the dynamics of CIN have been extensively characterized in 2D monolayer cell cultures derived from GI tumors, the tumor microenvironment and 3D tumor architecture also contribute to the progression of CIN, which is not captured in 2D cell culture systems. To overcome these limitations, self-organizing cellular structures that retain organ-specific 3D architecture, namely organoids, have been derived from various tissues of the GI tract. Organoids derived from normal tissue and patient tumors serve as a useful paradigm to study the crosstalk between tumor cells in the context of a tissue microenvironment and its impact on chromosomal stability. Such a paradigm, therefore, has a considerable advantage over 2D cell culture systems in drug screening and personalized medicine. Here, we review the importance of patient-derived tumor organoids (PDTOs) as a model to study CIN in cancers of the GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalaka Patil
- Chromosome Biology Lab (CBL), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India. https://twitter.com/@ShalakaPatil11
| | - Sanika Jahagirdar
- Chromosome Biology Lab (CBL), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India. https://twitter.com/@SanikaJag
| | - Maithilee Khot
- Chromosome Biology Lab (CBL), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India. https://twitter.com/@MaithileeKhot
| | - Kundan Sengupta
- Chromosome Biology Lab (CBL), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India.
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Hao J, Peng Q, Wang K, Yu G, Pan Y, Du X, Hu N, Zhang X, Qin Y, Li H. Antitumor Effect of Lenvatinib Combined with Alisertib in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Targeting the DNA Damage Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6613439. [PMID: 34337035 PMCID: PMC8324353 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6613439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
METHODS Immunohistochemical staining, sequencing, and genetic analysis of liver cancer tissues were performed. The antitumor efficacy of single-agent or combination treatment was measured by cell counting kit-8 assay and colony formation assays. Their antiproliferative and apoptosis activity is evaluated by cell cycle analyses and wound healing assays. The DNA-related proteins were also measured by Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. The HepG2 xenograft model was used to detect the effects of lenvatinib-alisertib on the antitumor activity. RESULTS AURKA was found to be upregulated in HCC tissues (77.3%, 17/22). Combined alisertib and lenvatinib treatment significantly enhanced the inhibition of proliferation and migration in HepG2 and Hep3B cell lines compared to single-agent treatments (all Ps < 0.01). Alisertib alone or in combination with lenvatinib demonstrated a significant increase in the percentage of super-G2 cells (lenvatinib 1 μM vs. lenvatinib 1 μM + alisertib 0.1 μM 8.84 ± 0.84 vs. 34.0 ± 1.54, P < 0.001). Discontinuous spindles and missegregated chromosomes in HCC cells treated with alisertib in combination with lenvatinib were observed. We further revealed that combined treatment inhibited the expression of DNA damage pathway proteins compared to those of single-agent treatments. In nude mice, combined administration of alisertib combined with lenvatinib significantly enhanced the suppression of tumor growth and induced apoptosis (all Ps < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence for the possible use of alisertib in combination with lenvatinib in the treatment of HCC for better therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Hao
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qizhen Peng
- Department of Radiology, Tungwah Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Dongguan, 523000 Guangdong, China
| | - Keruo Wang
- Department of Diagnostics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Ge Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yi Pan
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xiaoling Du
- Department of Diagnostics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Na Hu
- Department of Diagnostics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xuening Zhang
- Department of Radiology Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yu Qin
- Department of Diagnostics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Huikai Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300070, China
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9
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Gao S, Gang J, Yu M, Xin G, Tan H. Computational analysis for identification of early diagnostic biomarkers and prognostic biomarkers of liver cancer based on GEO and TCGA databases and studies on pathways and biological functions affecting the survival time of liver cancer. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:791. [PMID: 34238253 PMCID: PMC8268589 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08520-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver cancer is the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the fourth most common cause of cancer death. The purpose of this work is to find new diagnostic biomarkers or prognostic biomarkers and explore the biological functions related to the prognosis of liver cancer. METHODS GSE25097 datasets were firstly obtained and compared with TCGA LICA datasets and an analysis of the overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was conducted. Cytoscape was used to screen out the Hub Genes among the DEGs. ROC curve analysis was used to screen the Hub Genes to determine the genes that could be used as diagnostic biomarkers. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards model screened genes associated with prognosis biomarkers, and further Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was performed on the prognosis genes to explore the mechanism affecting the survival and prognosis of liver cancer patients. RESULTS 790 DEGs and 2162 DEGs were obtained respectively from the GSE25097 and TCGA LIHC data sets, and 102 Common DEGs were identified by overlapping the two DEGs. Further screening identified 22 Hub Genes from 102 Common DEGs. ROC and survival curves were used to analyze these 22 Hub Genes and it was found that there were 16 genes with a value of AUC > 90%. Among these, the expression levels of ESR1,SPP1 and FOSB genes were closely related to the survival time of liver cancer patients. Three common pathways of ESR1, FOBS and SPP1 genes were identified along with seven common pathways of ESR1 and SPP1 genes and four common pathways of ESR1 and FOSB genes. CONCLUSIONS SPP1, AURKA, NUSAP1, TOP2A, UBE2C, AFP, GMNN, PTTG1, RRM2, SPARCL1, CXCL12, FOS, DCN, SOCS3, FOSB and PCK1 can be used as diagnostic biomarkers for liver cancer, among which FOBS and SPP1 genes can also be used as prognostic biomarkers. Activation of the cell cycle-related pathway, pancreas beta cells pathway, and the estrogen signaling pathway, while on the other hand inhibition of the hallmark heme metabolism pathway, hallmark coagulation pathway, and the fat metabolism pathway may promote prognosis in liver cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyong Gao
- Drug Engineering and Technology Research Center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, Heilongjiang, China.
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Prevention and Antitumor Drugs, Harbin, 150076, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Jian Gang
- Drug Engineering and Technology Research Center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Prevention and Antitumor Drugs, Harbin, 150076, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Drug Engineering and Technology Research Center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Prevention and Antitumor Drugs, Harbin, 150076, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guosong Xin
- Drug Engineering and Technology Research Center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Prevention and Antitumor Drugs, Harbin, 150076, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Huixin Tan
- Department of pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medicine University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
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10
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Ma YS, Liu JB, Wu TM, Fu D. New Therapeutic Options for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Control 2021; 27:1073274820945975. [PMID: 32799550 PMCID: PMC7791453 DOI: 10.1177/1073274820945975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common lethal diseases in the world, has a 5-year survival rate of only 7%. Hepatocellular carcinoma has no symptoms in the early stage but obvious symptoms in the late stage, leading to delayed diagnosis and reduced treatment efficacy. In recent years, as the scope of HCC research has increased in depth, the clinical development and application of molecular targeted drugs and immunotherapy drugs have brought new breakthroughs in HCC treatment. Targeted therapy drugs for HCC have high specificity, allowing them to selectively kill tumor cells and minimize damage to normal tissues. At present, these targeted drugs are mainly classified into 3 categories: small molecule targeted drugs, HCC antigen-specific targeted drugs, and immune checkpoint targeted drugs. This article reviews the latest research progress on the targeted drugs for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shui Ma
- Cancer Institute, 377323Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China.,Department of Radiology, 12485The Forth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, 12476Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Bin Liu
- Cancer Institute, 377323Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Ting-Miao Wu
- Department of Radiology, 12485The Forth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Da Fu
- Cancer Institute, 377323Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China.,Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, 12476Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Lulli M, Del Coco L, Mello T, Sukowati C, Madiai S, Gragnani L, Forte P, Fanizzi FP, Mazzocca A, Rombouts K, Galli A, Carloni V. DNA Damage Response Protein CHK2 Regulates Metabolism in Liver Cancer. Cancer Res 2021; 81:2861-2873. [PMID: 33762357 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-3134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Defective mitosis with chromosome missegregation can have a dramatic effect on genome integrity by causing DNA damage, activation of the DNA damage response (DDR), and chromosomal instability. Although this is an energy-dependent process, mechanisms linking DDR to cellular metabolism are unknown. Here we show that checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2), a central effector of DDR, regulates cellular energy production by affecting glycolysis and mitochondrial functions. Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) had increased CHK2 mRNA in blood, which was associated with elevated tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) metabolites. CHK2 controlled expression of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and intervened with mitochondrial functions. DNA damage and CHK2 promoted SDH activity marked by increased succinate oxidation through the TCA cycle; this was confirmed in a transgenic model of HCC with elevated DNA damage. Mitochondrial analysis identified CHK2-controlled expression of SDH as key in sustaining reactive oxygen species production. Cells with DNA damage and elevated CHK2 relied significantly on glycolysis for ATP production due to dysfunctional mitochondria, which was abolished by CHK2 knockdown. This represents a vulnerability created by the DNA damage response that could be exploited for development of new therapies. SIGNIFICANCE: This study uncovers a link between a central effector of DNA damage response, CHK2, and cellular metabolism, revealing potential therapeutic strategies for targeting hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Lulli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", General Pathology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Del Coco
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Tommaso Mello
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Gastroenterology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Caecilia Sukowati
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA repair, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Stefania Madiai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Gragnani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paolo Forte
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Gastroenterology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Fanizzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB), Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Mazzocca
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| | - Krista Rombouts
- University College London (UCL) Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Galli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Gastroenterology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Vinicio Carloni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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12
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MicroRNA-497-5p Is Downregulated in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Associated with Tumorigenesis and Poor Prognosis in Patients. Int J Genomics 2021; 2021:6670390. [PMID: 33816607 PMCID: PMC7987441 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6670390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been demonstrated to exhibit important regulatory roles in multiple malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). hsa-miR-497-5p was reported to involve in cancer progression and poor prognosis in many kinds of tumors. However, the expression and its clinical significance of hsa-miR-497-5p in HCC remain unclear. Methods In the present study, we investigated the expression of hsa-miR-497-5p in HCC and analyzed the correction of clinical features with prognosis. The expression levels of hsa-miR-497-5p and potential target genes were analyzed in HCC and adjacent noncancerous tissues using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to analyze hsa-miR-497-5p levels in 328 HCC tissues and 30 paired adjacent noncancer tissues. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of patients with HCC were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. Results The hsa-miR-497-5p expression levels were decreased, and its target genes ACTG1, CSNK1D, PPP1CC, and BIRC5 were upregulated in HCC tissues compared with normal tissues. Lower levels of hsa-miR-497-5p expression and higher levels of the four target genes were significantly associated with higher tumor diameter. Moreover, patients with lower hsa-miR-497-5p expression and higher target genes levels had shorter OS. Conclusion The expression levels of hsa-miR-497-5p may play an important regulatory role in HCC and are closely correlated with HCC progression and poor prognosis in patients. The hsa-miR-497-5p may be a specific therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.
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13
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Liu W, Xu W, Chen Y, Gu L, Sun X, Qu Y, Zhang H, Liu X, Huang H. Elevated double-strand break repair protein RAD50 predicts poor prognosis in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: A study based on Chinese high-risk cohorts. J Cancer 2020; 11:5941-5952. [PMID: 32922536 PMCID: PMC7477405 DOI: 10.7150/jca.46703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Increasing evidence indicates that RAD50, which is involved in the repair process of DNA double-strand break (DSB), is also involved in cancer outcomes. However, its role in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. This study was designed to investigate the expression of RAD50 and its prognostic value in HBV-related HCC patients. Methods: 107 and 100 patients with HBV-related HCC from the Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University of Nationalities (AHYMUN) and the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University (AHNU), respectively, were enrolled in the study. The distribution of the categorical clinical-pathological data and the levels of RAD50 expression were compared with a χ2 test. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of RAD50 was performed. A partial likelihood test based on univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis was developed to address the influence of independent factors on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). The Oncomine online database was used to analyse and validate the differential expression of RAD50. The Kaplan-Meier method and a log-rank test were performed to assess the influence of RAD50 on survival at different levels. Results: RAD50 was highly expressed in HCC tissues compared to normal tissues and was significantly correlated with OS in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort. The validation analysis indicated that significantly increased levels of RAD50 were expressed in HCC tissues in the two independent cohorts. In addition, HCC patients with elevated RAD50 expression levels showed poor OS and DFS in the AHYMUN cohort and decreased OS and DFS in the AHNTU cohort. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study reveals that elevated RAD50 expression is significantly correlated with cancer progression and poor survival in HBV-related HCC patients. These data suggest that RAD50 may act as an oncogene and may serve as a promising target for the therapy of HBV-related HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangrui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi, 533000, China.,Clinical College of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, 533000, China
| | - Wenhao Xu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 20032, China
| | - Yuyan Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Liugen Gu
- Gastroenterology Department, Second affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Xiaolei Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 20032, China
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 20032, China
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Haineng Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Guangxi, 533000, China.,Clinical College of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, 533000, China
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14
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Ma YS, Chu KJ, Ling CC, Wu TM, Zhu XC, Liu JB, Yu F, Li ZZ, Wang JH, Gao QX, Yi B, Wang HM, Gu LP, Li L, Tian LL, Shi Y, Jiang XQ, Fu D, Zhang XW. Long Noncoding RNA OIP5-AS1 Promotes the Progression of Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Regulating the hsa-miR-26a-3p/EPHA2 Axis. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 21:229-241. [PMID: 32585630 PMCID: PMC7321793 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have suggested that dysregulated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) contributed to the development and progression of many cancers. lncRNA OIP5 antisense RNA 1 (OIP5-AS1) has been reported to be increased in several cancers. However, the roles of OIP5-AS1 in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) remain to be investigated. In this study, we demonstrated that OIP5-AS1 was upregulated in LIHC tissue specimens and its overexpression was associated with the poor survival of patients with LIHC. Furthermore, loss-of function experiments indicated that OIP5-AS1 promoted cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, binding sites between OIP5-AS1 and hsa-miR-26a-3p as well as between hsa-miR-26a-3p and EPHA2 were confirmed by luciferase assays. Finally, a rescue assay was performed to prove the effect of the OIP5-AS1/hsa-miR-26a-3p/EPHA2 axis on LIHC cell biological behaviors. Based on all of the above findings, our results suggested that OIP5-AS1 promoted LIHC cell proliferation and invasion via regulating the hsa-miR-26a-3p/EPHA2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shui Ma
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China; Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Kai-Jian Chu
- Department of Biliary Tract Surgery I, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chang-Chun Ling
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ting-Miao Wu
- Department of Radiology, The Forth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Xu-Chao Zhu
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ji-Bin Liu
- Cancer Institute, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong 226631, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Zhi-Zhen Li
- Department of Biliary Tract Surgery I, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jing-Han Wang
- Department of Biliary Tract Surgery I, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qing-Xiang Gao
- Department of Biliary Tract Surgery I, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Bin Yi
- Department of Biliary Tract Surgery I, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hui-Min Wang
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Li-Peng Gu
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Liu Li
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Lin-Lin Tian
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Jiang
- Department of Biliary Tract Surgery I, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Da Fu
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China; Department of Radiology, The Forth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Xiong-Wen Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
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15
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Contributions of DNA Damage to Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051666. [PMID: 32121304 PMCID: PMC7084447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of neurodegenerative disease. Its typical pathology consists of extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and intracellular tau neurofibrillary tangles. Mutations in the APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 genes increase Aβ production and aggregation, and thus cause early onset or familial AD. Even with this strong genetic evidence, recent studies support AD to result from complex etiological alterations. Among them, aging is the strongest risk factor for the vast majority of AD cases: Sporadic late onset AD (LOAD). Accumulation of DNA damage is a well-established aging factor. In this regard, a large amount of evidence reveals DNA damage as a critical pathological cause of AD. Clinically, DNA damage is accumulated in brains of AD patients. Genetically, defects in DNA damage repair resulted from mutations in the BRAC1 and other DNA damage repair genes occur in AD brain and facilitate the pathogenesis. Abnormalities in DNA damage repair can be used as diagnostic biomarkers for AD. In this review, we discuss the association, the causative potential, and the biomarker values of DNA damage in AD pathogenesis.
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16
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Stein T, Ran G, Bohmer M, Sharbati S, Einspanier R. Expression profiling of key pathways in rat liver after a one-year feeding trial with transgenic maize MON810. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18915. [PMID: 31831783 PMCID: PMC6908735 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55375-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In a recent one-year feeding study, we observed no adverse effects on tissue level in organs of rats fed with the genetically-modified maize MON810. Here, we assessed RNA expression levels of 86 key genes of the apoptosis-, NF-кB-, DNA-damage response (DDR)-, and unfolded-protein response (UPR) pathways by RT-qPCR in the rat liver. Male and female rats were fed either with 33% MON810 (GMO), isogenic- (ISO), or conventional maize (CONV) and RNAs were quantified from eight rats from each of the six feeding groups. Only Birc2 transcript showed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) consistent difference of ≥1.5-fold between the GMO and ISO groups in both sexes. Unsupervised cluster analysis showed a strong separation of male and female rats, but no clustering of the feeding groups. Individual analysis of the pathways did not show any clustering of the male or female feeding groups either, though transcript levels of UPR pathway-associated genes caused some clustering of the male GMO and CONV feeding group samples. These differences were not seen between the GMO and ISO control or within the female cohort. Our data therefore does not support an adverse effect on rat liver RNA expression through the long-term feeding of MON810 compared to isogenic control maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Stein
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Guangyao Ran
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Liquor Making Engineering, Moutai Institute, Luban Avenue, 564507, Renhuai, China
| | - Marc Bohmer
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany
- SGS Institute Fresenius GmbH, Life Sciences Services, Tegeler Weg 33, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Soroush Sharbati
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Einspanier
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
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