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Singh S, Bianchi L, Korganbayev S, Namakshenas P, Melnik R, Saccomandi P. Non-Fourier Bioheat Transfer Analysis in Brain Tissue During Interstitial Laser Ablation: Analysis of Multiple Influential Factors. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:967-981. [PMID: 38236341 PMCID: PMC11252202 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03433-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
This work presents the dual-phase lag-based non-Fourier bioheat transfer model of brain tissue subjected to interstitial laser ablation. The finite element method has been utilized to predict the brain tissue's temperature distributions and ablation volumes. A sensitivity analysis has been conducted to quantify the effect of variations in the input laser power, treatment time, laser fiber diameter, laser wavelength, and non-Fourier phase lags. Notably, in this work, the temperature-dependent thermal properties of brain tissue have been considered. The developed model has been validated by comparing the temperature obtained from the numerical and ex vivo brain tissue during interstitial laser ablation. The ex vivo brain model has been further extended to in vivo settings by incorporating the blood perfusion effects. The results of the systematic analysis highlight the importance of considering temperature-dependent thermal properties of the brain tissue, non-Fourier behavior, and microvascular perfusion effects in the computational models for accurate predictions of the treatment outcomes during interstitial laser ablation, thereby minimizing the damage to surrounding healthy tissue. The developed model and parametric analysis reported in this study would assist in a more accurate and precise prediction of the temperature distribution, thus allowing to optimize the thermal dosage during laser therapy in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundeep Singh
- Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Leonardo Bianchi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Sanzhar Korganbayev
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Pouya Namakshenas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Roderick Melnik
- MS2Discovery Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Paola Saccomandi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20156, Milan, Italy.
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Bini F, Pica A, Marinozzi F, Giusti A, Leoncini A, Trimboli P. Model-Optimizing Radiofrequency Parameters of 3D Finite Element Analysis for Ablation of Benign Thyroid Nodules. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1210. [PMID: 37892940 PMCID: PMC10604455 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10101210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiofrequency (RF) ablation represents an efficient strategy to reduce the volume of thyroid nodules. In this study, a finite element model was developed with the aim of optimizing RF parameters, e.g., input power and treatment duration, in order to achieve the target volume reduction rate (VRR) for a thyroid nodule. RF ablation is modelled as a coupled electro-thermal problem wherein the electric field is applied to induce tissue heating. The electric problem is solved with the Laplace equation, the temperature distribution is estimated with the Pennes bioheat equation, and the thermal damage is evaluated using the Arrhenius equation. The optimization model is applied to RF electrode with different active tip lengths in the interval from 5 mm to 40 mm at the 5 mm step. For each case, we also explored the influence of tumour blood perfusion rate on RF ablation outcomes. The model highlights that longer active tips are more efficient as they require lesser power and shorter treatment time to reach the target VRR. Moreover, this condition is characterized by a reduced transversal ablation zone. In addition, a higher blood perfusion increases the heat dispersion, requiring a different combination of RF power and time treatment to achieve the target VRR. The model may contribute to an improvement in patient-specific RF ablation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano Bini
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.M.)
| | - Andrada Pica
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Franco Marinozzi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.M.)
| | - Alessandro Giusti
- Dalle Mole Institute for Artificial Intelligence (IDSIA), Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), The University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), 6900 Lugano, Switzerland;
| | - Andrea Leoncini
- Servizio di Radiologia e Radiologia Interventistica, Istituto di Imaging della Svizzera Italiana (IIMSI), Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), 6900 Lugano, Switzerland;
| | - Pierpaolo Trimboli
- Clinic of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Lugano Regional Hospital, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
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Wu J, Zhan T, Sun H, Wang F. The Application Value of SMI Technology and Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in the Differential Diagnosis of Benign and Malignant Thyroid Nodules. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2022; 2022:6157026. [PMID: 36082066 PMCID: PMC9436616 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6157026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid disease has always been a common and frequent disease in clinical medicine, and its disease detection rate has been increasing year by year. Thyroid diseases are mainly divided into two categories: thyroid diseases treated by medical treatment and thyroid diseases treated by surgery. Thyroid cancer has also become one of the most common malignant secretory tumor diseases today. Ultrasound examination is a commonly used method for diagnosing thyroid diseases. During the diagnosis process, doctors need to observe the characteristics of ultrasound images and combine professional knowledge and clinical experience to give the patient's disease status. With the improvement of people's living standards and health awareness, thyroid disease has become an important issue that plagues the health of Chinese residents. Therefore, people and medical workers are paying more attention to thyroid disease. In recent years, various ultrasound technologies have been applied in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules and have played an important role in the diagnosis. This article aims to study the application value of SMI technology (ultra-microvascular imaging technology) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the differential diagnosis of thyroid benign and malignant nodules. It conducts diagnostic experiments and analysis on some cases of benign and malignant thyroid nodules through the use of SMI diagnostic methods and contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination methods. And the ROC curve was used to calculate the sensitivity of SMI technology and ultrasound for the identification and diagnosis of thyroid benign and malignant nodules, and the results were 0.83 and 0.81, respectively. It is concluded that SMI technology and contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination have good diagnostic efficiency and application value for the identification and diagnosis of thyroid benign and malignant nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahuan Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154000, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tian Zhan
- Department of Neurology, 970 Hospital of Yantai Joint Logistics Support Force, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Honggang Sun
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154000, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Fanbo Wang
- Physical Diagnosis Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154000, Heilongjiang, China
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Nazmdeh H, Vahabi M, Nazari MA. Finite element modeling of Non-Fourier heat transfer in a cancerous tissue with an injected fat layer during hyperthermia treatment. J Therm Biol 2021; 100:103073. [PMID: 34503810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hyperthermia technique has received much attention over the last decade being less invasive among the others. Laser therapy is among the most commonly investigated types of ablative hyperthermia for treatment of cancer. In this method an external heat source provided by a laser fiber leads the cancerous tissue to the necrosis stage. For its simulation a cylindrical geometry of a breast tissue containing a tumor is acted upon by a Gaussian form of laser radiation. Then the feasibility of a fat layer injection around the tumor during the therapy is investigated numerically. In order to consider the finite speed of heat transfer, dual phase lag (DPL) model is implemented for prediction of the thermal results. The therapy is addressed with and without the presence of a fat layer around the breast tumor. Results show that the temperature in the tumor increases up to 15 % by the injection of a fat layer. Also, the presence of a fat layer around the tumor shows that the irreversible ablation happens at a faster rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Nazmdeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Vahabi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ali Nazari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Namakshenas P, Mojra A. Optimization of polyethylene glycol-based hydrogel rectal spacer for focal laser ablation of prostate peripheral zone tumor. Phys Med 2021; 89:104-113. [PMID: 34364254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2021.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Focal Laser ablation therapy is a technique that exposes the prostate tumor to hyperthermia ablation and eradicates cancerous cells. However, due to the excessive heating generated by laser irradiation, there is a possibility of damage to the adjacent healthy tissues. This paper through in silico study presents a novel approach to reduce collateral effects due to heating by the placement of polyethylene glycol (PEG) spacer between the rectum and tumor during laser irradiation. The PEG spacer thickness is optimized to reduce the undesired damage at common laser power used in the clinical trials. Our study also encompasses novelty by conducting the thermal analysis based on the porous structure of prostate tumor. METHODS The thermal parameters and two thermal phase lags between the temperature gradient and the heat flux, are determined by considering the vascular network of prostate tumor. The Nelder-Mead algorithm is applied to find the minimum thickness of the PEG spacer. RESULTS In the absence of the spacer, the predicted results for the laser power of 4 W, 8 W, and 12 W show that the temperature of the rectum rises up to 58.6 °C, 80.4 °C, and 101.1 °C, while through the insertion of 2.59 mm, 4 mm, and 4.9 mm of the PEG spacer, it dramatically reduces below 42 °C. CONCLUSIONS The results can be used as a guideline to ablate the prostate tumors while avoiding undesired damage to the rectal wall during laser irradiation, especially for the peripheral zone tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouya Namakshenas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Mojra
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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A numerical investigation into the magnetic nanoparticles hyperthermia cancer treatment injection strategies. Biocybern Biomed Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Eltejaei I, Balavand M, Mojra A. Numerical analysis of non-Fourier thermal response of lung tissue based on experimental data with application in laser therapy. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 199:105905. [PMID: 33360608 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The thermal therapy is a minimally invasive technique used as an alternative approach to conventional cancer treatments. There is an increasing concern about the accuracy of the thermal simulation during the process of tumor ablation. This study is aimed at investigating the effect of finite speed of heat propagation in the biological lung tissue, experimentally and numerically. METHODS In the experimental study, a boundary heat flux is applied to the lung tissue specimens and the temperature variation is measured during a transient heat transfer procedure. In the numerical study, a code is developed based on the finite volume method to solve the classical bio-heat transfer, the Cattaneo and Vernotte, and the Dual-phase-lag (DPL) equations. The thermal response of tissue during the experiments is compared with the predictions of the three heat transfer models. RESULTS It is found that the trend of temperature variation by the DPL model resembles the experimental results. The experimental observation in parallel with the numerical results reveals that the accumulated thermal energy diffuses to the surrounding tissue with a slower rate in comparison with the conventional bio-heat transfer model. The DPL model is implemented to study the temperature elevation in the laser irradiation to lung tissue in the presence of gold nanoparticles (GNPs). It is concluded that the extent of the necrotic tumoral region and the area of the damaged healthy tissue are reduced, when the non-Fourier heat transfer is taken into account. CONCLUSIONS Results show that considering the phase lags is crucial in planning for an effective thermal treatment, in which the cancerous tissue is ablated and the surrounding tissues are preserved from irreversible thermal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Eltejaei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Balavand
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Mojra
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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Namakshenas P, Mojra A. Microstructure-based non-Fourier heat transfer modeling of HIFU treatment for thyroid cancer. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 197:105698. [PMID: 32798975 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES High intensity focused ultrasound is an emerging non-invasive technique for the thermal ablation of cancer. Modeling of high intensity focused ultrasound as a method to induce hyperthermia, by considering non-equilibrium convective heat transfer has been under-represented in the previous studies. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to study the effect of blood vessels during high intensity focused ultrasound ablation of thyroid cancer. In addition, high intensity focused ultrasound modeling was greatly improved by considering non-Fourier heat transfer. METHODS The modified dual-phase-lag model was used for the modeling of heat transfer in thyroid cancer during the ultrasound irradiation. The model parameters were linked with the tissue's microstructure parameters. Meanwhile, an interfacial convective heat transfer was considered between the blood vessels and the extravascular matrix. The extent of the vascular region was determined using the field emission scanning electron microscopy images. The non-linear Westervelt equation was solved for the sound wave to determine the heat source for the induced hyperthermia treatment. RESULTS Referring to the acoustic results, sharp-wave ripples were observed due to the inclusion of notable amplitudes of excited harmonics. The thermal results showed a maximum temperature rise of 25.08°C and 51.47°C at the powers of 5 W and 10 W using the modified dual-phase-lag model, while the Pennes model predicted a temperature rise of 28.77°C and 55.5°C at the same powers. It was also concluded that a constant blood temperature, overestimates the dissipated energy and the temperature reduction during the cooling period, as a 15% deviation in the tumor temperature was observed from the non-equilibrium state at 10.65 s exposure and 10 W power. Eventually, the calculation of the ablated volumes indicated that the volumes were up to 4.5 times larger by the Pennes model compared to the modified dual-phase-lag model. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded from the results that there should be a serious concern on the high intensity focused ultrasound modeling based on the parameters of blood vessels. Based on the thermal maps, the cancerous tissue should be exposed to a higher energy level of ultrasound waves in order to cause the desired damage against the estimated energy level predicted by the Pennes model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouya Namakshenas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, 15 Pardis St., Tehran 1991943344, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Mojra
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, 15 Pardis St., Tehran 1991943344, Iran.
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