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Liu X, Gong Y, Jiang Z, Stevens T, Li W. Flexible high-density microelectrode arrays for closed-loop brain-machine interfaces: a review. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1348434. [PMID: 38686330 PMCID: PMC11057246 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1348434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Flexible high-density microelectrode arrays (HDMEAs) are emerging as a key component in closed-loop brain-machine interfaces (BMIs), providing high-resolution functionality for recording, stimulation, or both. The flexibility of these arrays provides advantages over rigid ones, such as reduced mismatch between interface and tissue, resilience to micromotion, and sustained long-term performance. This review summarizes the recent developments and applications of flexible HDMEAs in closed-loop BMI systems. It delves into the various challenges encountered in the development of ideal flexible HDMEAs for closed-loop BMI systems and highlights the latest methodologies and breakthroughs to address these challenges. These insights could be instrumental in guiding the creation of future generations of flexible HDMEAs, specifically tailored for use in closed-loop BMIs. The review thoroughly explores both the current state and prospects of these advanced arrays, emphasizing their potential in enhancing BMI technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Yan Gong
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Zebin Jiang
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Trevor Stevens
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Wen Li
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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Sriraam N, Srinivasulu A, Prakash VS. Wireless CardioS framework for continuous ECG acquisition. J Med Eng Technol 2023; 47:201-216. [PMID: 37910047 DOI: 10.1080/03091902.2023.2267116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
A first-level textile-based electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring system referred to as "CardioS" (cardiac sensor) for continuous health monitoring applications is proposed in this study to address the demand for resource-constrained environments. and the signal quality assessment of a wireless CardioS was studied. The CardioS consists of a Lead-I ECG signal recorded wirelessly using silver-plated nylon woven (Ag-NyW) dry textile electrodes to compare the results of wired wearable Ag-NyW textile electrode-based ECG acquisition system and CardioS. The effect of prolonged usage of Ag-NyW dry electrodes on electrode impedance was tested in the current work. In addition, electrode half-cell potential was measured to validate the range of Ag-NyW dry electrodes for ECG signal acquisition. Further, the quality of signals recorded by the proposed wireless CardioS framework was evaluated and compared with clinical disposable (Ag-AgCl Gel) electrodes. The signal quality was assessed in terms of mean magnitude coherence spectra, signal cross-correlation, signal-to-noise-band ratio (Sband/Nband), crest factor, low and high band powers and power spectral density. The experimental results showed that the impedance was increased by 2.5-54.6% after six weeks of continuous usage. This increased impedance was less than 1 MΩ/cm2, as reported in the literature. The half-cell potential of the Ag-NyW textile electrode obtained was 80 mV, sufficient to acquire the ECG signal from the human body. All the fidelity parameters measured by Ag-NyW textile electrodes were correlated with standard disposable electrodes. The cardiologists validated all the measurements and confirmed that the proposed framework exhibited good performance for ECG signal acquisition from the five healthy subjects. As a result of its low-cost architecture, the proposed CardioS framework can be used in resource-constrained environments for ECG monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sriraam
- Center for Medical Electronics and Computing, MS Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India
- Department of Medical Electronics Engineering, MS Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India
| | | | - V S Prakash
- Department of Cardiology, M.S. Ramaiah Medical College and Hospitals, Bangalore, India
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Sharma R, Kumar S, Bhawna, Gupta A, Dheer N, Jain P, Singh P, Kumar V. An Insight of Nanomaterials in Tissue Engineering from Fabrication to Applications. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 19:927-960. [PMID: 35661124 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-022-00459-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a research domain that deals with the growth of various kinds of tissues with the help of synthetic composites. With the culmination of nanotechnology and bioengineering, tissue engineering has emerged as an exciting domain. Recent literature describes its various applications in biomedical and biological sciences, such as facilitating the growth of tissue and organs, gene delivery, biosensor-based detection, etc. It deals with the development of biomimetics to repair, restore, maintain and amplify or strengthen several biological functions at the level of tissue and organs. Herein, the synthesis of nanocomposites based on polymers, along with their classification as conductive hydrogels and bioscaffolds, is comprehensively discussed. Furthermore, their implementation in numerous tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications is also described. The limitations of tissue engineering are also discussed here. The present review highlights and summarizes the latest progress in the tissue engineering domain directed at functionalized nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.,Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Bhawna
- Department of Chemistry, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.,Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Akanksha Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
| | - Neelu Dheer
- Department of Chemistry, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Pallavi Jain
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Delhi NCR Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prashant Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India. .,Special Centre for Nano Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi, India.
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Kolanowska A, Herman AP, Jędrysiak RG, Boncel S. Carbon nanotube materials for electrocardiography. RSC Adv 2021; 11:3020-3042. [PMID: 35424207 PMCID: PMC8693996 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08679g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as 1D nanomaterials of excellent physicochemical characteristics bring hope to compete and eventually conquer traditional solutions in electrocardiography - one of the most powerful and non-invasive diagnostic tools in cardiac disorders. Our review tracks (from 2008) the development of CNTs as critical components in the systems where CNTs serve mainly as electroconductive fillers hence enable recording electrocardiographs (ECG). The characteristics of the CNT-based ECG systems - mainly to-skin electrodes and in a few cases wiring - covers their electrical and mechanical performance (adhesivity, flexibility, elasticity) and qualitative biocompatibility. By comprehensive analysis of the state-of-art in this field, we intend to indicate the most important challenges for the CNT (and other) materials to be applied in scale-up solution for electrocardiography in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kolanowska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, NanoCarbon Group Bolesława Krzywoustego 4 44-100 Gliwice Poland +48 32 237 20 94 +48 32 237 12 72
| | - Artur P Herman
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, NanoCarbon Group Bolesława Krzywoustego 4 44-100 Gliwice Poland +48 32 237 20 94 +48 32 237 12 72
- Department of Semiconductor Materials Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Rafał G Jędrysiak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, NanoCarbon Group Bolesława Krzywoustego 4 44-100 Gliwice Poland +48 32 237 20 94 +48 32 237 12 72
| | - Sławomir Boncel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, NanoCarbon Group Bolesława Krzywoustego 4 44-100 Gliwice Poland +48 32 237 20 94 +48 32 237 12 72
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