1
|
Zheng H, Jin S, Li T, Ying W, Ying B, Chen D, Ning J, Zheng C, Li Y, Li C, Chen C, Li X, Gao H. Metabolomics reveals sex-specific metabolic shifts and predicts the duration from positive to negative in non-severe COVID-19 patients during recovery process. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:1863-1873. [PMID: 33841749 PMCID: PMC8021501 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic profiling in COVID-19 patients has been associated with disease severity, but there is no report on sex-specific metabolic changes in discharged survivors. Herein we used an integrated approach of LC-MS-and GC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics to analyze plasma metabolic characteristics in men and women with non-severe COVID-19 at both acute period and 30 days after discharge. The results demonstrate that metabolic alterations in plasma of COVID-19 patients during the recovery and rehabilitation process were presented in a sex specific manner. Overall, the levels of most metabolites were increased in COVID-19 patients after the cure relative to acute period. The major plasma metabolic changes were identified including fatty acids in men and glycerophosphocholines and carbohydrates in women. In addition, we found that women had shorter length of hospitalization than men and metabolic characteristics may contribute to predict the duration from positive to negative in non-severe COVID-19 patients. Collectively, this study shed light on sex-specific metabolic shifts in non-severe COVID-19 patients during the recovery process, suggesting a sex bias in prognostic and therapeutic evaluations based on metabolic profiling.
Collapse
Key Words
- ALT, Alanine aminotransferase
- AP, Acute period (AP)
- APTT, Activated partial thromboplastin time
- BCAAs, Branched‐chain amino acids
- BP, Blood platelet
- CA, Carbamide
- COVID-19
- COVID-19, Novel coronavirus disease 2019
- CRP, C-reactive protein
- DAA, Dehydroascorbic acid
- DD, D-dimer
- DP, Diastolic pressure
- FIB, Fibrinogen
- FP, Follow-up period
- Fatty acid
- GPCs, Glycerophosphocholines
- HGB, Hemoglobin
- LY, Lymphocyte
- Metabolism
- NG, Neutrophilic granulocyte
- NK, Natural killer
- PCT, Procalcitonin
- PLS-DA, Partial least squares-discriminant analysis
- PLSR, Partial least squares regression
- PT, Prothrombin time
- PTC, Phosphatidylcholine
- RDW, Red cell distribution width
- RR, Respiratory rate
- S1P, Sphingosine-1-phosphate
- SARS-CoV
- Sex difference
- TBL, Total B lymphocyte
- TTL, Total T lymphocyte
- WBC, White blood cell
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325015, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Shengwei Jin
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Ting Li
- Clinical Research Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Weiyang Ying
- Department of Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Binyu Ying
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou 325015, China
| | - Jie Ning
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Chanfan Zheng
- Clinical Research Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yuping Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325015, China
| | - Chen Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Chengshui Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325015, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hongchang Gao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325015, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
McFarlin BK, Venable AS, Carpenter KC, Henning AL, Ogenstad S. Oral Supplementation with Baker's Yeast Beta Glucan Is Associated with Altered Monocytes, T Cells and Cytokines following a Bout of Strenuous Exercise. Front Physiol 2017; 8:786. [PMID: 29104540 PMCID: PMC5654840 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise and physical labor in extreme environmental conditions causes transient decreases in immune cell and cytokine concentrations, likely increasing the susceptibility to opportunistic infection. Baker's yeast beta glucan (BYBG) has been previously demonstrated to be an effective countermeasure in athletes, but its effectiveness in individuals of average fitness under similar physical stress is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine if 10 days of oral supplementation with BYBG could modify previously observed suppression of monocytes, T cells, circulating and whole blood LPS-stimulated cytokines due to strenuous exercise. Venous blood samples were collected from 109 healthy volunteers prior to, immediately after, 2 and 4 h post-exercise. Monocyte and T cell concentration, cell-surface receptor expression and serum and LPS-stimulated cytokines were assessed. BYBG significantly (P < 0.05) altered total and classic monocyte concentration and expression of CD38, CD80, CD86, TLR2, and TLR4 on monocyte subsets. BYBG also significantly increased CD4+ and CD8+ T cell concentration and the exercise response of CCR7+/CD45RA- central memory (TCM) cells. Likewise, BYBG significantly (P < 0.05) altered serum IFN-γ and IL-2, and LPS-stimulated IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-7. Taken together these data support the hypothesis that oral BYBG supplementation modulates the expected exercise response for individuals of average fitness. This may result in a decrease in susceptibility to opportunistic infections after strenuous exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian K McFarlin
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of KHPR, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Adam S Venable
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of KHPR, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | | | - Andrea L Henning
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of KHPR, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li H, Gu L, Zhong Y, Chen Y, Zhang L, Zhang AR, Sobol RW, Chen T, Li J. Administration of polysaccharide from Panax notoginseng prolonged the survival of H22 tumor-bearing mice. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:3433-41. [PMID: 27354815 PMCID: PMC4907734 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s79427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polysaccharides from various sources are being considered potential sources for the treatment of liver cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of polysaccharide isolated from Panax notoginseng (PPN) on the proliferation of H22 liver cancer cells and the survival of the tumor-bearing mice transplanted with H22 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Polysaccharide from PPN was added to the culture medium of mouse hepatoma H22 cells at different doses. Cell proliferation was assayed with a standard MTT assay. Survival rates of tumor-bearing mice were recorded. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were assayed by flow cytometry. Serum interleukin-2 levels in peripheral blood were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Polysaccharide from PPN inhibited the growth of H22 cells and significantly prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice. The increase in activated CD4(+) T-cells and the elevation of serum interleukin-2 may contribute to the antitumor activity of PPN. CONCLUSION PPN has potential antitumor activity for the treatment of liver cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyu Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Longlong Gu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
- Haiyuan College, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhong
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yajuan Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Annie R Zhang
- Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Robert W Sobol
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Tong Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
- Yunnan Panax notoginseng (Burk) F.H. Chen Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Baker's yeast β-glucan supplementation increases monocytes and cytokines post-exercise: implications for infection risk? Br J Nutr 2012; 109:478-86. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114512001407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Strenuous aerobic exercise is known to weaken the immune system, and while many nutritional supplements have been proposed to boost post-exercise immunity, few are known to be effective. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether 10 d of supplementation with a defined source of baker's yeast β-glucan (BG, Wellmune WGP®) could minimise post-exercise immunosuppression. Recreationally active men and women (n 60) completed two 10 d trial conditions using a cross-over design with a 7 d washout period: placebo (rice flour) and baker's yeast BG (250 mg/d of β-1,3/1,6-glucans derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae) before a bout of cycling (49 ± 6 min) in a hot (38 ± 2°C), humid (45 ± 2 % relative humidity) environment. Blood was collected at baseline (before supplement), pre- (PRE), post- (POST) and 2 h (2H) post-exercise. Total and subset monocyte concentration was measured by four-colour flow cytometry. Plasma cytokine levels and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cytokine production were measured using separate multiplex assays. Total (CD14+) and pro-inflammatory monocyte concentrations (CD14+/CD16+) were significantly greater at POST and 2H (P< 0·05) with BG supplementation. BG supplementation boosted LPS-stimulated production of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) at PRE and POST (P< 0·05). Plasma IL-4, IL-5 and IFN-γ concentrations were greater at 2H following BG supplementation. It appears that 10 d of supplementation with BG increased the potential of blood leucocytes for the production of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5 and IFN-γ. The key findings of the present study demonstrate that BG may have potential to alter immunity following a strenuous exercise session.
Collapse
|
5
|
Bobovčák M, Kuniaková R, Gabriž J, Majtán J. Effect of Pleuran (β-glucan from Pleurotus ostreatus) supplementation on cellular immune response after intensive exercise in elite athletes. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2011; 35:755-62. [PMID: 21164546 DOI: 10.1139/h10-070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Excessive and exhausting physical loads depress the immune system. Carbohydrate consumption may minimize the postexercise suppression of the innate immune system. β-Glucan is a well-known immunomodulator, with positive effects on the functioning of immunocompetent cells. The goal of this study was to determine whether β-glucan dietary supplementation from the mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus decreases the suppressed immune system responses induced by short-term high-intensity exercise in humans. In this double-blind pilot study, 20 elite athletes were randomized to β-glucan (n = 9) or placebo (n = 11) groups; these groups consumed 100 mg of β-glucan (Imunoglukan) or placebo supplements, respectively, once a day for 2 months. Venous whole blood was collected before and after 2 months of supplementation (baseline), both immediately and 1 h after (recovery period) a 20-min intensive exercise bout at the end of the supplementation period. The blood samples were used to measure the cell counts of leukocytes, erythrocyte, and lymphocytes; subpopulations of lymphocytes, granulocytes, and monocytes; and natural killer (NK) cell activity (NKCA). A 28% reduction in NKCA (p < 0.01) below the baseline value was observed in the placebo group during the recovery period, whereas no significant reduction in NKCA was found in the β-glucan group. In addition, no significant decrease in NK cell count was measured in the β-glucan group during the recovery period. Immune cell counts did not differ significantly between the groups. These results indicate that insoluble β-glucan supplementation from P. ostreatus may play a role in modulating exercise-induced changes in NKCA in intensively training athletes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marián Bobovčák
- Clinical Laboratory of Institute for Respiratory Disease, 5983 Nova Polianka-High Tatras, Slovakia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Murphy EA, Davis JM, Carmichael MD, Mayer EP, Ghaffar A. Benefits of oat β-glucan and sucrose feedings on infection and macrophage antiviral resistance following exercise stress. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2009; 297:R1188-94. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00396.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Oat β-glucan can counteract the exercise-induced increased risk for upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) in mice, which is at least partly mediated by its effects on lung macrophages. Substantial evidence in humans indicates that carbohydrate-containing sports drinks can offset the decreased immune function associated with stressful exercise. However, no studies in animals or humans have directly examined their effects on URTI using a controlled virus-challenge model. We examined the effects of sucrose feedings alone and in combination with oat β-glucan on susceptibility to infection and on macrophage antiviral resistance in mice following stressful exercise. These effects were also examined in rested, nonimmunocompromised control mice. Mice were assigned to one of four groups: H2O (water), sucrose (S), oat β-glucan (OβG), and sucrose + oat β-glucan (S+OβG). OβG and S treatments consisted of a solution of 50% OβG and 6% sucrose, respectively, and were administered in drinking water for 10 consecutive days. Exercise consisted of a treadmill run to fatigue performed on three consecutive days. Mice were then intranasally inoculated with a standardized dose of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and monitored for morbidity and mortality for 21 days. Additional mice were used to determine macrophage antiviral resistance. In the exercise experiment, S, OβG, and S+OβG all reduced morbidity ( P < 0.05), while only S+OβG reduced mortality ( P < 0.05). Macrophage antiviral resistance was also increased in S, OβG, and S+OβG treatments ( P < 0.05). In resting controls, S and S+OβG reduced morbidity and mortality ( P < 0.05) and showed a trend toward increased macrophage antiviral resistance. There was no significant additive effect of S and OβG in either control or exercised animals. These data extend our previous work on the benefits of oat β-glucan to show that sucrose feedings have similar effects on susceptibility to respiratory infection and macrophage antiviral resistance in both resting controls and following exercise stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E. Angela Murphy
- Division of Applied Physiology, Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia; and
| | - J. Mark Davis
- Division of Applied Physiology, Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia; and
| | - Martin D. Carmichael
- Division of Applied Physiology, Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia; and
| | - Eugene P. Mayer
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Abdul Ghaffar
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
McFarlin BK, Hutchison AT, Kueht ML. Knowledge of carbohydrate consumption does not alter natural killer cell activity following an acute bout of high-intensity aerobic exercise. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2008; 33:1007-12. [DOI: 10.1139/h08-076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate consumption during strenuous aerobic exercise reportedly minimizes post-exercise suppression of the innate immune system. One of the most common measurements of innate immunity is natural killer cell activity (NKCA). It is not known whether actual carbohydrate consumption or merely the knowledge of carbohydrate consumption mediates alteration in NKCA. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine if knowledge of carbohydrate beverage could result in alteration of RPE and NKCA, independent of actual carbohydrate intake. We recruited 11 male and female endurance athletes and randomly assigned them to either a correct or false knowledge of carbohydrate intake, such that in the false group, subjects were informed that they were receiving the carbohydrate beverage (CHO), but actually received a placebo (PLA) beverage. CHO and PLA beverages were matched to be similar in taste and appearance. Subjects completed 60 min of cycle ergometry (74% of VO2 peak). Venous blood samples were collected before (PRE), immediately after (POST), and 2 h after (2H) exercise and used to determine plasma glucose concentration, leukocyte total and differential counts, and NKCA. Data were statistically analyzed using a 3-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) (p < 0.05). We did not find a significant effect of knowledge of drink type on leukocyte count, leukocyte differential, or NKCA. Drink type did not significantly alter leukocyte total, differential counts, or NKCA. There was a significant effect of exercise on NKCA. Knowledge of drink type does not alter innate immunity following exercise as assessed by leukocyte counts and NKCA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian K. McFarlin
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-6015, USA
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, St. Mary’s University, San Antonio, TX 78228, USA
| | - Alexander T. Hutchison
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-6015, USA
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, St. Mary’s University, San Antonio, TX 78228, USA
| | - Michael L. Kueht
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-6015, USA
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, St. Mary’s University, San Antonio, TX 78228, USA
| |
Collapse
|