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Rivera-Lara L, Videtta W, Calvillo E, Mejia-Mantilla J, March K, Ortega-Gutierrez S, Obrego GC, Paranhos JE, Suarez JI. Reducing the incidence and mortality of traumatic brain injury in Latin America. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2023; 49:2381-2388. [PMID: 36637481 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-022-02214-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a considerable portion of the global injury burden. The incidence of TBI will continue to increase in view of an increase in population density, an aging population, and the increased use of motor vehicles, motorcycles, and bicycles. The most common causes of TBI are falls and road traffic injuries. Deaths related to road traffic injury are three times higher in low-and middle-income countries (LMIC) than in high-income countries (HIC). The Latin American Caribbean region has the highest incidence of TBI worldwide, primarily caused by road traffic injuries. Data from HIC indicates that road traffic injuries can be successfully prevented through concerted efforts at the national level, with coordinated and multisector responses to the problem. Such actions require implementation of proven measures to address the safety of road users and the vehicles themselves, road infrastructure, and post-crash care. In this review, we focus on the epidemiology of TBI in Latin America and the implementation of solutions and preventive measures to decrease mortality and long-term disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Rivera-Lara
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Center for Academic Medicine, Stanford University, 453 Quarry Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
| | - Walter Videtta
- Department of National Hospital, Alejandro Posadas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eusebia Calvillo
- Departments of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | | | - Karen March
- Clinical Development at Integra Life Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Jorge E Paranhos
- Santa Casa da Misericordia de São João del Rey, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jose I Suarez
- Departments of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
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2
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Sides TR, Nelson JC, Nwachukwu KN, Boston J, Marshall SA. The Influence of Arsenic Co-Exposure in a Model of Alcohol-Induced Neurodegeneration in C57BL/6J Mice. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1633. [PMID: 38137081 PMCID: PMC10741530 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Both excessive alcohol consumption and exposure to high levels of arsenic can lead to neurodegeneration, especially in the hippocampus. Co-exposure to arsenic and alcohol can occur because an individual with an Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is exposed to arsenic in their drinking water or food or because of arsenic found directly in alcoholic beverages. This study aims to determine if co-exposure to alcohol and arsenic leads to worse outcomes in neurodegeneration and associated mechanisms that could lead to cell death. To study this, mice were exposed to a 10-day gavage model of alcohol-induced neurodegeneration with varying doses of arsenic (0, 0.005, 2.5, or 10 mg/kg). The following were examined after the last dose of ethanol: (1) microglia activation assessed via immunohistochemical detection of Iba-1, (2) reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) using a colorimetric assay, (3) neurodegeneration using Fluoro-Jade® C staining (FJC), and 4) arsenic absorption using ICP-MS. After exposure, there was an additive effect of the highest dose of arsenic (10 mg/kg) in the dentate gyrus of alcohol-induced FJC+ cells. This additional cell loss may have been due to the observed increase in microglial reactivity or increased arsenic absorption following co-exposure to ethanol and arsenic. The data also showed that arsenic caused an increase in CYP2E1 expression and ROS/RNS production in the hippocampus which could have independently contributed to increased neurodegeneration. Altogether, these findings suggest a potential cyclical impact of co-exposure to arsenic and ethanol as ethanol increases arsenic absorption but arsenic also enhances alcohol's deleterious effects in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tori R. Sides
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; (T.R.S.); (J.C.N.); (K.N.N.); (J.B.)
| | - James C. Nelson
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; (T.R.S.); (J.C.N.); (K.N.N.); (J.B.)
| | - Kala N. Nwachukwu
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; (T.R.S.); (J.C.N.); (K.N.N.); (J.B.)
- Integrated Biosciences PhD Program, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Jhana Boston
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; (T.R.S.); (J.C.N.); (K.N.N.); (J.B.)
| | - S. Alex Marshall
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; (T.R.S.); (J.C.N.); (K.N.N.); (J.B.)
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3
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Lai JQ, Chen XR, Lin S, Chen CN, Zheng XX. Progress in research on the role of clinical nutrition in treating traumatic brain injury affecting the neurovascular unit. Nutr Rev 2023; 81:1051-1062. [PMID: 36409999 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurovascular unit (NVU) is composed of neurons, glial cells, and blood vessels. NVU dysfunction involves the processes of neuroinflammation, and microcirculatory disturbances, as well as neuronal injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Traditional anti-inflammatory drugs have limited efficacy in improving the prognosis of TBI. Thus, treatments that target NVU dysfunction may provide a breakthrough. A large number of clinical studies have shown that the nutritional status of patients with TBI was closely related to their conditions and prognoses. Nutrient complexes and complementary therapies for the treatment of TBI are therefore being implemented in many preclinical studies. Importantly, the mechanism of action for this treatment may be related to repair of NVU dysfunction by ensuring adequate omega-3 fatty acids, curcumin, resveratrol, apigenin, vitamins, and minerals. These nutritional supplements hold promise for translation to clinical therapy. In addition, dietary habits also play an important role in the rehabilitation of TBI. Poor dietary habits may worsen the pathology and prognosis of TBI. Adjusting dietary habits, especially with a ketogenic diet, may improve outcomes in patients with TBI. This article discusses the impact of clinical nutrition on NVU dysfunction after TBI, focusing on nutritional complexes and dietary habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Qing Lai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China. Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiang-Rong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China. Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shu Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China. Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China. Neuroendocrinology Group, Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Chun-Nuan Chen
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xuan-Xuan Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
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4
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Whitehead B, Velazquez-Cruz R, Albowaidey A, Zhang N, Karelina K, Weil ZM. Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Induces Time- and Sex-Dependent Cerebrovascular Dysfunction and Stroke Vulnerability. J Neurotrauma 2023; 40:578-591. [PMID: 36322789 PMCID: PMC9986031 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) produces subtle cerebrovascular impairments that persist over time and promote increased ischemic stroke vulnerability. We recently established a role for vascular impairments in exacerbating stroke outcomes 1 week after TBI, but there is a lack of research regarding long-term impacts of mTBI-induced vascular dysfunction, as well as a significant need to understand how mTBI promotes stroke vulnerability in both males and females. Here, we present data using a mild closed head TBI model and an experimental stroke occurring either 7 or 28 days later in both male and female mice. We report that mTBI induces larger stroke volumes 7 days after injury, however, this increased vulnerability to stroke persists out to 28 days in female but not male mice. Importantly, mTBI-induced changes in blood-brain barrier permeability, intravascular coagulation, angiogenic factors, total vascular area, and glial expression were differentially altered across time and by sex. Taken together, these data suggest that mTBI can result in persistent cerebrovascular dysfunction and increased susceptibility to worsened ischemic outcomes, although these dysfunctions occur differently in male and female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey Whitehead
- Department of Neuroscience and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Ruth Velazquez-Cruz
- Department of Neuroscience and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Ali Albowaidey
- Department of Neuroscience and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Kate Karelina
- Department of Neuroscience and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Zachary M. Weil
- Department of Neuroscience and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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Rogers EA, Beauclair T, Thyen A, Shi R. Utilizing novel TBI-on-a-chip device to link physical impacts to neurodegeneration and decipher primary and secondary injury mechanisms. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11838. [PMID: 35821510 PMCID: PMC9276772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14937-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While clinical observations have confirmed a link between the development of neurodegenerative diseases and traumatic brain injuries (TBI), there are currently no treatments available and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In response, we have developed an in vitro pendulum trauma model capable of imparting rapid acceleration injuries to neuronal networks grown on microelectrode arrays within a clinically relevant range of g forces, with real-time electrophysiological and morphological monitoring. By coupling a primary physical insult with the quantification of post-impact levels of known biochemical pathological markers, we demonstrate the capability of our system to delineate and investigate the primary and secondary injury mechanisms leading to post-impact neurodegeneration. Specifically, impact experiments reveal significant, force-dependent increases in the pro-inflammatory, oxidative stress marker acrolein at 24 h post-impact. The elevation of acrolein was augmented by escalating g force exposures (30–200 g), increasing the number of rapidly repeated impacts (4–6 s interval, 3, 5 and 10×), and by exposing impacted cells to 40 mM ethanol, a known comorbidity of TBI. The elevated levels of acrolein following multiple impacts could be reduced by increasing time-intervals between repeated hits. In addition, we show that conditioned media from maximally-impacted cultures can cause cellular acrolein elevation when introduced to non-impact, control networks, further solidifying acrolein’s role as a diffusive-factor in post-TBI secondary injuries. Finally, morphological data reveals post-impact acrolein generation to be primarily confined to soma, with some emergence in cellular processes. In conclusion, this novel technology provides accurate, physical insults with a unique level of structural and temporal resolution, facilitating the investigation of post-TBI neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmond A Rogers
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,Center for Paralysis Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Timothy Beauclair
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,Center for Paralysis Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Andrew Thyen
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46033, USA
| | - Riyi Shi
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA. .,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA. .,Center for Paralysis Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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6
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Oliverio R, Fitzgerald J, Velazquez-Cruz R, Whitehead B, Karelina K, Weil ZM. Ovarian Steroids Mediate Sex Differences in Alcohol Reward After Brain Injury in Mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:907552. [PMID: 35801094 PMCID: PMC9253769 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.907552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intoxication is a leading risk factor for injury, and TBI increases the risk for later alcohol misuse, especially when the injury is sustained in childhood. Previously, we modeled this pattern in mice, wherein females injured at postnatal day 21 drank significantly more than uninjured females, while we did not see this effect in males. However, the biological underpinnings of this sex difference have remained elusive. In this study, we utilize this preclinical model and traditional endocrine manipulations to assess the effect of perinatal sex steroids on post-injury ethanol response. We found that perinatal androgen administration and adult ovariectomy prevented the development of conditioned place preference to ethanol in females, while there was not an effect of gonadectomy either developmental time point on the severity of axonal degeneration. Finally, although TBI increased the number of microglia in males, there was no corresponding effect of gonadectomy, which suggests that males exhibit prolonged neuroinflammation after brain injury irrespective of circulating sex steroids. Taken together, our results indicate a potential role for ovarian sex steroids in the development of greater alcohol preference after a juvenile TBI in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Oliverio
- Department of Neuroscience and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
- *Correspondence: Robin Oliverio,
| | - Julie Fitzgerald
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ruth Velazquez-Cruz
- Department of Neuroscience and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Bailey Whitehead
- Department of Neuroscience and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Kate Karelina
- Department of Neuroscience and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Zachary M. Weil
- Department of Neuroscience and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
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7
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Liu R, Li H, Deng J, Wu Q, Liao C, Xiao Q, Chang Q. QKI 6 ameliorates CIRI through promoting synthesis of triglyceride in neuron and inhibiting neuronal apoptosis associated with SIRT1-PPARγ-PGC-1α axis. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e2271. [PMID: 34227244 PMCID: PMC8413718 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stroke induced by ischemia of brain remains high incidence and death rate. The study wanted to confirm the effects of Quaking 6 (QKI 6) on the protection role in neurons of rat model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI). MATERIAL AND METHODS The rat model with CIRI induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion was well established and rat neurons were isolated to characterize the effects of QKI 6 mediated by sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) on synthesis of triglyceride in neuron and neuronal apoptosis via activation of SIRT1-peroxisome proliferater-activated receptor (PPAR)γ- peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator (PGC)-1α signaling pathway. RESULTS The expression levels of SIRT1 or QKI 6, and acetylation level of QKI 6 were decreased in neurons of rat model with CIRI. QKI 6 deacetylated and mediated by SIRT1 that contributed to suppressing the progression of neuronal apoptosis in rat through promoting synthesis of triglyceride in vivo and in vitro via SIRT1-PPARγ-PGC-1α signaling pathway, then inhibiting CIRI. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated SIRT1 deacetylates QKI 6, the RNA-binding protein, that affects significantly the synthesis of triglyceride in neurons of CIRI rat model. Moreover, it activated transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) through post-transcriptional regulation of the expression of PPARγ, and further enhanced synthesis of triglyceride, thereby restrained the progression of neural apoptosis and CIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Hongzeng Li
- Department of Gerontology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jingyuan Deng
- Department of Encephalology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Qunqiang Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Chunhua Liao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Qun Xiao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Qi Chang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The 150th Central Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Luoyang, PR China
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Zhang H, Xia Y, Wang F, Luo M, Yang K, Liang S, An S, Wu S, Yang C, Chen D, Xu M, Cai M, To KKW, Fu L. Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Mediates Alcohol-Induced Colorectal Cancer Immune Escape through Stabilizing PD-L1 Expression. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2003404. [PMID: 34026438 PMCID: PMC8132160 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the great success of immunotherapy in a small subset of cancer patients, most colorectal cancer (CRC) patients do not respond to programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD-1) blockade immunotherapy. There is an urgent medical need to elucidate how cancer cells evade immune response and to develop novel means to boost the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this study, alcohol induces ligand programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD-L1) expression of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. Alcohol exposure is shown to induce aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) expression that is a crucial enzyme involved in alcohol metabolism, and low level of lymphocytes infiltration in the murine CRC model and patients. Intriguingly, ALDH2 and PD-L1 protein expression are positively correlated in tumor tissues from the CRC patients. Mechanistically, ALDH2 stabilizes PD-L1 protein expression by physically interacting with the intracellular segment of PD-L1 and inhibiting its proteasome-dependent degradation mediated by an E3 ubiquitin ligase Speckle Type POZ Protein (SPOP). Importantly, inhibition of ALDH2 reduces PD-L1 protein in CRC cells and promotes tumor-infiltrating T cells (TILs) infiltration, presumably leading to the significant potentiation of anti-PD-1 antibody efficacy in a mouse CT26 CRC model. The findings highlight a crucial role played by ALDH2 to facilitate alcohol-mediated tumor escape from immunity surveillance and promote tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Esophageal Cancer InstituteGuangzhou510060China
| | - Yuhui Xia
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Esophageal Cancer InstituteGuangzhou510060China
| | - Fang Wang
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Esophageal Cancer InstituteGuangzhou510060China
| | - Min Luo
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Esophageal Cancer InstituteGuangzhou510060China
| | - Ke Yang
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Esophageal Cancer InstituteGuangzhou510060China
| | - Shaobo Liang
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Esophageal Cancer InstituteGuangzhou510060China
| | - Sainan An
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Esophageal Cancer InstituteGuangzhou510060China
| | - Shaocong Wu
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Esophageal Cancer InstituteGuangzhou510060China
| | - Chuan Yang
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Esophageal Cancer InstituteGuangzhou510060China
| | - Da Chen
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Esophageal Cancer InstituteGuangzhou510060China
| | - Meng Xu
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Esophageal Cancer InstituteGuangzhou510060China
| | - Muyan Cai
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Esophageal Cancer InstituteGuangzhou510060China
| | - Kenneth K. W. To
- School of PharmacyFaculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Liwu Fu
- Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Esophageal Cancer InstituteGuangzhou510060China
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Abstract
A major feature of neurodegeneration is disruption of central nervous system homeostasis, during which microglia play diverse roles. In the central nervous system, microglia serve as the first line of immune defense and function in synapse pruning, injury repair, homeostasis maintenance, and regulation of brain development through scavenging and phagocytosis. Under pathological conditions or various stimulations, microglia proliferate, aggregate, and undergo a variety of changes in cell morphology, immunophenotype, and function. This review presents the features of microglia, especially their diversity and ability to change dynamically, and reinterprets their role as sensors for multiple stimulations and as effectors for brain aging and neurodegeneration. This review also summarizes some therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative diseases that target microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Zhu Jin
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ze-Yong Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Lin Jin
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Information and Electronic Engineering; National Centers for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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10
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Efficacy of Deep Brain Stimulation on the Improvement of the Bladder Functions in Traumatic Brain Injured Rats. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10110850. [PMID: 33198259 PMCID: PMC7698168 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10110850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are a prime public health challenge with a high incidence of mortality, and also reflect severe economic impacts. One of their severe symptoms is bladder dysfunction. Conventional therapeutic methods are not effective in managing bladder dysfunction. Henceforth, a research endeavor was attempted to explore a new therapeutic approach for bladder dysfunction through deep brain stimulation (DBS) procedures in a TBI animal model. Methods: TBI in this animal model was induced by the weight-drop method. All rats with an induced TBI were housed for 4 weeks to allow severe bladder dysfunction to develop. Subsequently, an initial urodynamic measurement, the simultaneous recording of cystometric (CMG) and external urethral sphincter electromyography (EUS-EMG) activity was conducted to evaluate bladder function. Further, standard DBS procedures with varying electrical stimulation parameters were executed in the target area of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg). Simultaneously, urodynamic measurements were re-established to compare the effects of DBS interventions on bladder functions. Results: From the variable combinations of electrical stimulation, DBS at 50 Hz and 2.0 V, significantly reverted the voiding efficiency from 39% to 69% in TBI rats. Furthermore, MRI studies revealed the precise localization of the DBS electrode in the target area. Conclusions: The results we obtained showed an insightful understanding of PPTg-DBS and its therapeutic applications in alleviating bladder dysfunction in rats with a TBI. Hence, the present study suggests that PPTg-DBS is an effective therapeutic strategy for treating bladder dysfunction.
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11
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Ton ST, Adamczyk NS, Gerling JP, Vaagenes IC, Wu JY, Hsu K, O’Brien TE, Tsai SY, Kartje GL. Dentate Gyrus Proliferative Responses After Traumatic Brain Injury and Binge Alcohol in Adult Rats. Neurosci Insights 2020; 15:2633105520968904. [PMID: 33241218 PMCID: PMC7672731 DOI: 10.1177/2633105520968904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury is a significant public health issue that results in serious disability in survivors. Traumatic brain injury patients are often intoxicated with alcohol when admitted to the hospital; however, it is not clear how acute intoxication affects recovery from a traumatic brain injury. Our group has previously shown that binge alcohol prior to traumatic brain injury resulted in long-term impairment in a fine sensorimotor task that was correlated with a decreased proliferative and neuroblast response from the subventricular zone. However, whether binge alcohol prior to traumatic brain injury affects the proliferative response in the hippocampal dentate gyrus is not yet known. METHODS Male rats underwent binge alcohol (3 g/kg/day) by gastric gavage for 3 days prior to traumatic brain injury. Cell proliferation was labeled by BrdU injections following traumatic brain injury. Stereological quantification and immunofluorescence confocal analysis of BrdU+ cells in the hippocampal dorsal dentate gyrus was performed at 24 hours, 1 week and 6 weeks post traumatic brain injury. RESULTS We found that either traumatic brain injury alone or binge alcohol alone significantly increased dentate gyrus proliferation at 24 hours and 1 week. However, a combined binge alcohol and traumatic brain injury regimen resulted in decreased dentate gyrus proliferation at 24 hours post-traumatic brain injury. At the 6 week time point, binge alcohol overall reduced the number of BrdU+ cells. Furthermore, more BrdU+ cells were found in the dentate hilar region of alcohol traumatic brain injury compared to vehicle traumatic brain injury groups. The location and double-labeling of these mismigrated BrdU+ cells was consistent with hilar ectopic granule cells. CONCLUSION The results from this study showed that pre-traumatic brain injury binge alcohol impacts the injury-induced proliferative response in the dentate gyrus in the short-term and may affect the distribution of newly generated cells in the dentate gyrus in the long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Son T Ton
- Research Service, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL, USA
| | | | - Jack P Gerling
- Research Service, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, USA
| | - Ian C Vaagenes
- Research Service, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, USA
| | - Joanna Y Wu
- Research Service, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, USA
| | - Kevin Hsu
- Research Service, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, USA
| | - Timothy E O’Brien
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, and Institute of Environmental Sustainability, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shih-Yen Tsai
- Research Service, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, USA
| | - Gwendolyn L Kartje
- Research Service, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL, USA
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12
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Traumatic brain injury and the misuse of alcohol, opioids, and cannabis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 157:195-243. [PMID: 33648670 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), most often classified as concussion, is caused by biomechanical forces to the brain resulting in short- or long-term impairment in brain function. TBI resulting from military combat, sports, violence, falls, and vehicular accidents is a major cause of long-term physical, cognitive, and psychiatric dysfunction. Psychiatric disorders associated with TBI include depression, anxiety, and substance use disorder, all having significant implications for post-TBI recovery and rehabilitation. This chapter reviews the current preclinical and clinical literature describing the bidirectional relationship between TBI and misuse of three commonly abused drugs: alcohol, opioids, and cannabis. We highlight the influence of each of these drugs on the incidence of TBI, as well as trends in their use after TBI. Furthermore, we discuss factors that may underlie post-injury substance use. Understanding the complex relationship between TBI and substance misuse will enhance the clinical treatment of individuals suffering from these two highly comorbid conditions.
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13
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Mira RG, Lira M, Quintanilla RA, Cerpa W. Alcohol consumption during adolescence alters the hippocampal response to traumatic brain injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 528:514-519. [PMID: 32505350 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Binge drinking is the consumption of large volumes of alcohol in short periods and exerts its effects on the central nervous system, including the hippocampus. We have previously shown that binge drinking alters mitochondrial dynamics and induces neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of adolescent rats. Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), is regularly linked to alcohol consumption and share mechanisms of brain damage. In this context, we hypothesized that adolescent binge drinking could prime the development of brain damage generated by mTBI. We found that alcohol binge drinking induced by the "drinking in the dark" (DID) paradigm increases oxidative damage and astrocyte activation in the hippocampus of adolescent mice. Interestingly, adolescent animals submitted to DID showed decreased levels of mitofusin 2 that controls mitochondrial dynamics. When mTBI was evaluated as a second challenge, hippocampi from animals previously submitted to DID showed a reduction in dendritic spine number and a different spine profile. Mitochondrial performance could be compromised by alterations in mitochondrial fission in DID-mTBI animals. These data suggest that adolescent alcohol consumption can modify the progression of mTBI pathophysiology. We propose that mitochondrial impairment and oxidative damage could act as priming factors, modifying predisposition against mTBI effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo G Mira
- Laboratorio de función y patología neuronal, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Investigación y Estudio del Consumo de Alcohol en Adolescentes (CIAA), Santiago, Chile
| | - Matías Lira
- Laboratorio de función y patología neuronal, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo A Quintanilla
- Centro de Investigación y Estudio del Consumo de Alcohol en Adolescentes (CIAA), Santiago, Chile; Laboratorio de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Waldo Cerpa
- Laboratorio de función y patología neuronal, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Investigación y Estudio del Consumo de Alcohol en Adolescentes (CIAA), Santiago, Chile; Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile.
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14
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Weil ZM, Karelina K, Corrigan JD. Does pediatric traumatic brain injury cause adult alcohol misuse: Combining preclinical and epidemiological approaches. Exp Neurol 2019; 317:284-290. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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15
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Bodnar CN, Roberts KN, Higgins EK, Bachstetter AD. A Systematic Review of Closed Head Injury Models of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice and Rats. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:1683-1706. [PMID: 30661454 PMCID: PMC6555186 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.6127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild TBI (mTBI) is a significant health concern. Animal models of mTBI are essential for understanding mechanisms, and pathological outcomes, as well as to test therapeutic interventions. A variety of closed head models of mTBI that incorporate different aspects (i.e., biomechanics) of the mTBI have been reported. The aim of the current review was to compile a comprehensive list of the closed head mTBI rodent models, along with the common data elements, and outcomes, with the goal to summarize the current state of the field. Publications were identified from a search of PubMed and Web of Science and screened for eligibility following PRISMA guidelines. Articles were included that were closed head injuries in which the authors classified the injury as mild in rats or mice. Injury model and animal-specific common data elements, as well as behavioral and histological outcomes, were collected and compiled from a total of 402 articles. Our results outline the wide variety of methods used to model mTBI. We also discovered that female rodents and both young and aged animals are under-represented in experimental mTBI studies. Our findings will aid in providing context comparing the injury models and provide a starting point for the selection of the most appropriate model of mTBI to address a specific hypothesis. We believe this review will be a useful starting place for determining what has been done and what knowledge is missing in the field to reduce the burden of mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen N. Bodnar
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Kelly N. Roberts
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Emma K. Higgins
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Adam D. Bachstetter
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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16
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Animal models of binge drinking, current challenges to improve face validity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 106:112-121. [PMID: 29738795 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Binge drinking (BD), i.e., consuming a large amount of alcohol in a short period of time, is an increasing public health issue. Though no clear definition has been adopted worldwide the speed of drinking seems to be a keystone of this behavior. Developing relevant animal models of BD is a priority for gaining a better characterization of the neurobiological and psychobiological mechanisms underlying this dangerous and harmful behavior. Until recently, preclinical research on BD has been conducted mostly using forced administration of alcohol, but more recent studies used scheduled access to alcohol, to model more voluntary excessive intakes, and to achieve signs of intoxications that mimic the human behavior. The main challenges for future research are discussed regarding the need of good face validity, construct validity and predictive validity of animal models of BD.
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17
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Karelina K, Nicholson S, Weil ZM. Minocycline blocks traumatic brain injury-induced alcohol consumption and nucleus accumbens inflammation in adolescent male mice. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 69:532-539. [PMID: 29395778 PMCID: PMC6698899 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use is a well characterized risk factor for traumatic brain injury (TBI); however, emerging clinical and experimental research suggests that TBI may also be an independent risk factor for the development of alcohol use disorders. In particular, TBIs incurred early in life predict the development of problem alcohol use and increase vulnerability to neuroinflammation as a consequence of alcohol use. Critically, the neuroinflammatory response to alcohol, mediated in large part by microglia, may also function as a driver of further alcohol use. Here, we tested the hypothesis that TBI increases alcohol consumption through microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. Mice were injured as juveniles and alcohol consumption and preference were assessed in a free-choice voluntary drinking paradigm in adolescence. TBI increased alcohol consumption; however, treatment with minocycline, an inhibitor of microglial activation, reduced alcohol intake in TBI mice to sham levels. Moreover, a single injection of ethanol (2 g/kg) significantly increased microglial activation in the nucleus accumbens and microglial expression of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β in TBI, but not sham or minocycline-treated, mice. Our data implicate TBI-induced microglial activation as a possible mechanism for the development of alcohol use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Karelina
- Department of Neuroscience, Group in Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Samuel Nicholson
- Department of Neuroscience, Group in Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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18
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Borniger JC, Ungerleider K, Zhang N, Karelina K, Magalang UJ, Weil ZM. Repetitive Brain Injury of Juvenile Mice Impairs Environmental Enrichment-Induced Modulation of REM Sleep in Adulthood. Neuroscience 2018; 375:74-83. [PMID: 29432885 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are a common and costly ongoing public health concern. Injuries that occur during childhood development can have particularly profound and long-lasting effects. One common consequence and potential mediator of negative outcomes of TBI is sleep disruption which occurs in a substantial proportion of TBI patients. These individuals report greater incidences of insomnia and sleep fragmentation combined with a greater overall sleep requirement meaning that many patients are chronically sleep-deprived. We sought to develop an animal model of developmental TBI-induced sleep dysfunction. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that early (postnatal day 21), repeated closed head injuries in Swiss-Webster mice, would impair basal and homeostatic sleep responses in adulthood. Further, we asked whether environmental enrichment (EE), a manipulation that improves functional recovery following TBI and has been shown to alter sleep physiology, would prevent TBI-induced sleep dysfunction and alter sleep-modulatory peptide expression. In contrast to our hypothesis, the mild, repeated head injury that we used did not significantly alter basal or homeostatic sleep responses in mice housed in standard laboratory conditions. Sham-injured mice housed in enriched environments exhibited enhanced rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and expression of the REM-promoting peptide pro-melanin-concentrating hormone, an effect that was not apparent in TBI mice housed in enriched environments. Thus, TBI blocked the REM-enhancing effects of EE. This work has important implications for the management and rehabilitation of the TBI patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy C Borniger
- Department of Neuroscience, Behavioral Neuroendocrinology Group, Neuroscience Research Institute, Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kyra Ungerleider
- Department of Neuroscience, Behavioral Neuroendocrinology Group, Neuroscience Research Institute, Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Behavioral Neuroendocrinology Group, Neuroscience Research Institute, Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kate Karelina
- Department of Neuroscience, Behavioral Neuroendocrinology Group, Neuroscience Research Institute, Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ulysses J Magalang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Zachary M Weil
- Department of Neuroscience, Behavioral Neuroendocrinology Group, Neuroscience Research Institute, Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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19
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Chandrasekar A, Aksan B, Heuvel FO, Förstner P, Sinske D, Rehman R, Palmer A, Ludolph A, Huber-Lang M, Böckers T, Mauceri D, Knöll B, Roselli F. Neuroprotective effect of acute ethanol intoxication in TBI is associated to the hierarchical modulation of early transcriptional responses. Exp Neurol 2018; 302:34-45. [PMID: 29306704 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol intoxication is a risk factor for traumatic brain injury (TBI) but clinical evidence suggests that it may actually improve the prognosis of intoxicated TBI patients. We have employed a closed, weight-drop TBI model of different severity (2cm or 3cm falling height), preceded (-30min) or followed (+20min) by ethanol administration (5g/Kg). This protocol allows us to study the interaction of binge ethanol intoxication in TBI, monitoring behavioral changes, histological responses and the transcriptional regulation of a series of activity-regulated genes (immediate early genes, IEGs). We demonstrate that ethanol pretreatment before moderate TBI (2cm) significantly reduces neurological impairment and accelerates recovery. In addition, better preservation of neuronal numbers and cFos+cells was observed 7days after TBI. At transcriptional level, ethanol reduced the upregulation of a subset of IEGs encoding for transcription factors such as Atf3, c-Fos, FosB, Egr1, Egr3 and Npas4 but did not affect the upregulation of others (e.g. Gadd45b and Gadd45c). While a subset of IEGs encoding for effector proteins (such as Bdnf, InhbA and Dusp5) were downregulated by ethanol, others (such as Il-6) were unaffected. Notably, the majority of genes were sensitive to ethanol only when administered before TBI and not afterwards (the exceptions being c-Fos, Egr1 and Dusp5). Furthermore, while severe TBI (3cm) induced a qualitatively similar (but quantitatively larger) transcriptional response to moderate TBI, it was no longer sensitive to ethanol pretreatment. Thus, we have shown that a subset of the TBI-induced transcriptional responses were sensitive to ethanol intoxication at the instance of trauma (ultimately resulting in beneficial outcomes) and that the effect of ethanol was restricted to a certain time window (pre TBI treatment) and to TBI severity (moderate). This information could be critical for the translational value of ethanol in TBI and for the design of clinical studies aimed at disentangling the role of ethanol intoxication in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bahar Aksan
- Dept. of Neurobiology, IZN, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Philip Förstner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Germany
| | - Daniela Sinske
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Germany
| | | | - Annette Palmer
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, Ulm University, Germany
| | | | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, Ulm University, Germany
| | - Tobias Böckers
- Dept. of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Germany
| | - Daniela Mauceri
- Dept. of Neurobiology, IZN, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Knöll
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Germany
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20
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Karelina K, Gaier KR, Weil ZM. Traumatic brain injuries during development disrupt dopaminergic signaling. Exp Neurol 2017; 297:110-117. [PMID: 28802560 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) sustained during peri-adolescent development produce lasting neuro-behavioral changes that render individuals at an increased risk for developing substance abuse disorders. Experimental and clinical evidence of a prolonged period of hypodopaminergia after TBI have been well documented, but the effect of juvenile TBI on dopaminergic dysfunction and its relationship with substance abuse have not been investigated. In order to determine the effect of juvenile brain injury on dopaminergic signaling, female mice were injured at 21days of age and then beginning seven weeks later were assessed for behavioral sensitization to amphetamine, a drug that increases synaptic dopamine availability. Together with a histological analysis of tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine transporter, and dopamine D2 receptor expression, our data are indicative of a persistent state of hypodopaminergia well into adulthood after a juvenile TBI. Further, mice that sustained a juvenile TBI exhibited a significantly reduced activation of cFos in the urocortin-positive cells of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus in response to ethanol administration. Taken together, these data provide strong evidence for the vulnerability of juveniles to the development of lasting neuro-behavioral problems following TBI, and indicate a role of injury-induced hypodopaminergia as a risk factor for substance abuse later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Karelina
- Department of Neuroscience, Group in Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Kristopher R Gaier
- Department of Neuroscience, Group in Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Zachary M Weil
- Department of Neuroscience, Group in Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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21
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Weil ZM, Karelina K. Traumatic Brain Injuries during Development: Implications for Alcohol Abuse. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:135. [PMID: 28775682 PMCID: PMC5517445 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injuries are strongly related to alcohol intoxication as by some estimates half or more of all brain injuries involve at least one intoxicated individual. Additionally, there is mounting evidence that traumatic brain injuries can themselves serve as independent risk factors for the development of alcohol use disorders, particularly when injury occurs during juvenile or adolescent development. Here, we will review the epidemiological and experimental evidence for this phenomenon and discuss potential psychosocial mediators including attenuation of negative affect and impaired decision making as well as neurochemical mediators including disruption in the glutamatergic, GABAergic, and dopaminergic signaling pathways and increases in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary M Weil
- Behavioral Neuroendocrinology Group, Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbus, OH, United States
| | - Kate Karelina
- Behavioral Neuroendocrinology Group, Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbus, OH, United States
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