1
|
Cleland NRW, Potter GJ, Buck C, Quang D, Oldham D, Neal M, Saviola A, Niemeyer CS, Dobrinskikh E, Bruce KD. Altered metabolism and DAM-signatures in female brains and microglia with aging. Brain Res 2024; 1829:148772. [PMID: 38244754 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Despite Alzheimer's disease (AD) disproportionately affecting women, the mechanisms remain elusive. In AD, microglia undergo 'metabolic reprogramming', which contributes to microglial dysfunction and AD pathology. However, how sex and age contribute to metabolic reprogramming in microglia is understudied. Here, we use metabolic imaging, transcriptomics, and metabolic assays to probe age- and sex-associated changes in brain and microglial metabolism. Glycolytic and oxidative metabolism in the whole brain was determined using Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM). Young female brains appeared less glycolytic than male brains, but with aging, the female brain became 'male-like.' Transcriptomic analysis revealed increased expression of disease-associated microglia (DAM) genes (e.g., ApoE, Trem2, LPL), and genes involved in glycolysis and oxidative metabolism in microglia from aged females compared to males. To determine whether estrogen can alter the expression of these genes, BV-2 microglia-like cell lines, which abundantly express DAM genes, were supplemented with 17β-estradiol (E2). E2 supplementation resulted in reduced expression of DAM genes, reduced lipid and cholesterol transport, and substrate-dependent changes in glycolysis and oxidative metabolism. Consistent with the notion that E2 may suppress DAM-associated factors, LPL activity was elevated in the brains of aged female mice. Similarly, DAM gene and protein expression was higher in monocyte-derived microglia-like (MDMi) cells derived from middle-aged females compared to age-matched males and was responsive to E2 supplementation. FLIM analysis of MDMi from young and middle-aged females revealed reduced oxidative metabolism and FAD+ with age. Overall, our findings show that altered metabolism defines age-associated changes in female microglia and suggest that estrogen may inhibit the expression and activity of DAM-associated factors, which may contribute to increased AD risk, especially in post-menopausal women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R W Cleland
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Garrett J Potter
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Courtney Buck
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Daphne Quang
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dean Oldham
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mikaela Neal
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Anthony Saviola
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Christy S Niemeyer
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Evgenia Dobrinskikh
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - Kimberley D Bruce
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hou Y, Caldwell JZK, Lathia JD, Leverenz JB, Pieper AA, Cummings J, Cheng F. Microglial immunometabolism endophenotypes contribute to sex difference in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:1334-1349. [PMID: 37985399 PMCID: PMC10916937 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The molecular mechanisms that contribute to sex differences, in particular female predominance, in Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevalence, symptomology, and pathology, are incompletely understood. METHODS To address this problem, we investigated cellular metabolism and immune responses ("immunometabolism endophenotype") across AD individuals as a function of sex with diverse clinical diagnosis of cognitive status at death (cogdx), Braak staging, and Consortium to Establish a Registry for AD (CERAD) scores using human cortex metabolomics and transcriptomics data from the Religious Orders Study / Memory and Aging Project (ROSMAP) cohort. RESULTS We identified sex-specific metabolites, immune and metabolic genes, and pathways associated with the AD diagnosis and progression. We identified female-specific elevation in glycerophosphorylcholine and N-acetylglutamate, which are AD inflammatory metabolites involved in interleukin (IL)-17 signaling, C-type lectin receptor, interferon signaling, and Toll-like receptor pathways. We pinpointed distinct microglia-specific immunometabolism endophenotypes (i.e., lipid- and amino acid-specific IL-10 and IL-17 signaling pathways) between female and male AD subjects. In addition, female AD subjects showed evidence of diminished excitatory neuron and microglia communications via glutamate-mediated immunometabolism. DISCUSSION Our results point to new understanding of the molecular basis for female predominance in AD, and warrant future independent validations with ethnically diverse patient cohorts to establish a likely causal relationship of microglial immunometabolism in the sex differences in AD. HIGHLIGHTS Sex-specific immune metabolites, gene networks and pathways, are associated with Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and disease progression. Female AD subjects exhibit microglial immunometabolism endophenotypes characterized by decreased glutamate metabolism and elevated interleukin-10 pathway activity. Female AD subjects showed a shift in glutamate-mediated cell-cell communications between excitatory neurons to microglia and astrocyte.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Hou
- Genomic Medicine InstituteCleveland ClinicLerner Research InstituteClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Jessica Z. K. Caldwell
- Department of Molecular MedicineCleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
- Lou Ruvo Center for Brain HealthCleveland ClinicNeurological InstituteLas VegasNevadaUSA
| | - Justin D. Lathia
- Department of Molecular MedicineCleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic ScienceCleveland ClinicLerner Research InstituteClevelandOhioUSA
| | - James B. Leverenz
- Lou Ruvo Center for Brain HealthCleveland ClinicNeurological InstituteClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Andrew A. Pieper
- Brain Health Medicines CenterHarrington Discovery InstituteUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical CenterClevelandOhioUSA
- Department of PsychiatryCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
- Geriatric PsychiatryGRECCLouis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical CenterClevelandOhioUSA
- Institute for Transformative Molecular MedicineSchool of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
- Department of NeurosciencesSchool of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
- Department of PathologySchool of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Jeffrey Cummings
- Chambers‐Grundy Center for Transformative NeuroscienceDepartment of Brain HealthSchool of Integrated Health SciencesUniversity of Nevada Las VegasLas VegasNevadaUSA
| | - Feixiong Cheng
- Genomic Medicine InstituteCleveland ClinicLerner Research InstituteClevelandOhioUSA
- Department of Molecular MedicineCleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bellingacci L, Canonichesi J, Sciaccaluga M, Megaro A, Mazzocchetti P, Di Mauro M, Costa C, Di Filippo M, Pettorossi VE, Tozzi A. Locally Synthetized 17-β-Estradiol Reverses Amyloid-β-42-Induced Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation Deficits. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1377. [PMID: 38338656 PMCID: PMC10855267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyloid beta 1-42 (Aβ42) aggregates acutely impair hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic transmission, and 17β-estradiol is crucial for hippocampal LTP. We tested whether boosting the synthesis of neural-derived 17β-estradiol (nE2) saves hippocampal LTP by the neurotoxic action of Aβ42. Electrophysiological recordings were performed to measure dentate gyrus (DG) LTP in rat hippocampal slices. Using a pharmacological approach, we tested the ability of nE2 to counteract the LTP impairment caused by acute exposure to soluble Aβ42 aggregates. nE2 was found to be required for LTP in DG under physiological conditions. Blockade of steroid 5α-reductase with finasteride, by increasing nE2 synthesis from testosterone (T), completely recovered LTP in slices treated with soluble Aβ42 aggregates. Modulation of the glutamate N-methyl-D aspartate receptor (NMDAR) by memantine effectively rescued the LTP deficit observed in slices exposed to Aβ42, and memantine prevented LTP reduction observed under the blocking of nE2 synthesis. nE2 is able to counteract Aβ42-induced synaptic dysfunction. This effect depends on a rapid, non-genomic mechanism of action of nE2, which may share a common pathway with glutamate NMDAR signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alessandro Tozzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06156 Perugia, Italy; (L.B.); (J.C.); (M.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chu J, Zhang W, Liu Y, Gong B, Ji W, Yin T, Gao C, Liangwen D, Hao M, Chen C, Zhuang J, Gao J, Yin Y. Biomaterials-based anti-inflammatory treatment strategies for Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:100-115. [PMID: 37488851 PMCID: PMC10479833 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.374137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The current therapeutic drugs for Alzheimer's disease only improve symptoms, they do not delay disease progression. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new effective drugs. The underlying pathogenic factors of Alzheimer's disease are not clear, but neuroinflammation can link various hypotheses of Alzheimer's disease; hence, targeting neuroinflammation may be a new hope for Alzheimer's disease treatment. Inhibiting inflammation can restore neuronal function, promote neuroregeneration, reduce the pathological burden of Alzheimer's disease, and improve or even reverse symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. This review focuses on the relationship between inflammation and various pathological hypotheses of Alzheimer's disease; reports the mechanisms and characteristics of small-molecule drugs (e.g., nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, neurosteroids, and plant extracts); macromolecule drugs (e.g., peptides, proteins, and gene therapeutics); and nanocarriers (e.g., lipid-based nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, and inorganic nanoparticles) in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The review also makes recommendations for the prospective development of anti-inflammatory strategies based on nanocarriers for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianjian Chu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital) of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weicong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Clinical Pharmacy Innovation Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baofeng Gong
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital) of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbo Ji
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital) of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Yin
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital) of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital) of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Danqi Liangwen
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital) of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengqi Hao
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital) of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuimin Chen
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Zhuang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital) of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - You Yin
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital) of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cleland NRW, Potter GJ, Buck C, Quang D, Oldham D, Neal M, Saviola A, Niemeyer CS, Dobrinskikh E, Bruce KD. Altered Metabolism and DAM-signatures in Female Brains and Microglia with Aging. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.28.569104. [PMID: 38076915 PMCID: PMC10705419 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.28.569104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite Alzheimer's disease (AD) disproportionately affecting women, the mechanisms remain elusive. In AD, microglia undergo 'metabolic reprogramming', which contributes to microglial dysfunction and AD pathology. However, how sex and age contribute to metabolic reprogramming in microglia is understudied. Here, we use metabolic imaging, transcriptomics, and metabolic assays to probe age-and sex-associated changes in brain and microglial metabolism. Glycolytic and oxidative metabolism in the whole brain was determined using Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM). Young female brains appeared less glycolytic than male brains, but with aging, the female brain became 'male-like.' Transcriptomic analysis revealed increased expression of disease-associated microglia (DAM) genes (e.g., ApoE, Trem2, LPL), and genes involved in glycolysis and oxidative metabolism in microglia from aged females compared to males. To determine whether estrogen can alter the expression of these genes, BV-2 microglia-like cell lines, which abundantly express DAM genes, were supplemented with 17β-estradiol (E2). E2 supplementation resulted in reduced expression of DAM genes, reduced lipid and cholesterol transport, and substrate-dependent changes in glycolysis and oxidative metabolism. Consistent with the notion that E2 may suppress DAM-associated factors, LPL activity was elevated in the brains of aged female mice. Similarly, DAM gene and protein expression was higher in monocyte-derived microglia-like (MDMi) cells derived from middle-aged females compared to age-matched males and was responsive to E2 supplementation. FLIM analysis of MDMi from young and middle-aged females revealed reduced oxidative metabolism and FAD+ with age. Overall, our findings show that altered metabolism defines age-associated changes in female microglia and suggest that estrogen may inhibit the expression and activity of DAM-associated factors, which may contribute to increased AD risk, especially in post-menopausal women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R W Cleland
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Garrett J Potter
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Courtney Buck
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Daphne Quang
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Dean Oldham
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Mikaela Neal
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Anthony Saviola
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Christy S. Niemeyer
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Evgenia Dobrinskikh
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - Kimberley D. Bruce
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Platholi J, Marongiu R, Park L, Yu F, Sommer G, Weinberger R, Tower W, Milner TA, Glass MJ. Hippocampal glial inflammatory markers are differentially altered in a novel mouse model of perimenopausal cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1280218. [PMID: 38035277 PMCID: PMC10684955 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1280218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia is often characterized by age-dependent cerebrovascular pathology, neuroinflammation, and cognitive deficits with notable sex differences in risk, disease onset, progression and severity. Women bear a disproportionate burden of dementia, and the onset of menopause (i.e., perimenopause) may be a critical period conferring increased susceptibility. However, the contribution of early ovarian decline to the neuroinflammatory processes associated with cerebrovascular dementia risks, particularly at the initial stages of pathology that may be more amenable to proactive intervention, is unknown. To better understand the influence of early ovarian failure on dementia-associated neuroinflammation we developed a model of perimenopausal cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), an important contributor to dementia. For this, accelerated ovarian failure (AOF) was induced by 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD) treatment to isolate early-stage ovarian failure comparable to human perimenopause (termed "peri-AOF") in transgenic SWDI mice expressing human vasculotropic mutant amyloid beta (Aβ) precursor protein, that were also tested at an early stage of amyloidosis. We found that peri-AOF SWDI mice showed increased astrocyte activation accompanied by elevated Aβ in select regions of the hippocampus, a brain system involved in learning and memory that is severely impacted during dementia. However, although SWDI mice showed signs of increased hippocampal microglial activation and impaired cognitive function, this was not further affected by peri-AOF. In sum, these results suggest that elevated dysfunction of key elements of the neurovascular unit in select hippocampal regions characterizes the brain pathology of mice at early stages of both CAA and AOF. However, neurovascular unit pathology may not yet have passed a threshold that leads to further behavioral compromise at these early periods of cerebral amyloidosis and ovarian failure. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the hormonal dysregulation associated with perimenopause onset represents a stage of emerging vulnerability to dementia-associated neuropathology, thus providing a selective window of opportunity for therapeutic intervention prior to the development of advanced pathology that has proven difficult to repair or reverse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jimcy Platholi
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
- Anesthesiology Department, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Roberta Marongiu
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
- Neurological Surgery Department, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Genetic Medicine Department, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, United States
| | - Laibaik Park
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Fangmin Yu
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Garrett Sommer
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rena Weinberger
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - William Tower
- Neurological Surgery Department, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Teresa A. Milner
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
- Harold and Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Michael J. Glass
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu Y, Yang W, Xue J, Chen J, Liu S, Zhang S, Zhang X, Gu X, Dong Y, Qiu P. Neuroinflammation: The central enabler of postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115582. [PMID: 37748409 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The proportion of advanced age patients undergoing surgical procedures is on the rise owing to advancements in surgical and anesthesia technologies as well as an overall aging population. As a complication of anesthesia and surgery, older patients frequently suffer from postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), which may persist for weeks, months or even longer. POCD is a complex pathological process involving multiple pathogenic factors, and its mechanism is yet unclear. Potential theories include inflammation, deposition of pathogenic proteins, imbalance of neurotransmitters, and chronic stress. The identification, prevention, and treatment of POCD are still in the exploratory stages owing to the absence of standardized diagnostic criteria. Undoubtedly, comprehending the development of POCD remains crucial in overcoming the illness. Neuroinflammation is the leading hypothesis and a crucial component of the pathological network of POCD and may have complex interactions with other mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the possible ways in which surgery and anesthesia cause neuroinflammation and investigate the connection between neuroinflammation and the development of POCD. Understanding these mechanisms may likely ensure that future treatment options of POCD are more effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning province, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning province, China
| | - Jinqi Xue
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning province, China
| | - Juntong Chen
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Shiqing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shijie Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xi Gu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning province, China.
| | - Youjing Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Peng Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang W, Chen H, Ding L, Huang J, Zhang M, Liu Y, Ma R, Zheng S, Gong J, Piña‐Crespo JC, Zhang Y. Microglial targeted therapy relieves cognitive impairment caused by Cntnap4 deficiency. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2023; 3:20220160. [PMID: 37933376 PMCID: PMC10624376 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20220160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Contactin-associated protein-like 4 (Cntnap4) is critical for GABAergic transmission in the brain. Impaired Cntnap4 function is implicated in neurological disorders, such as autism; however, the role of Cntnap4 on memory processing is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that hippocampal Cntnap4 deficiency in female mice manifests as impaired cognitive function and synaptic plasticity. The underlying mechanisms may involve effects on the pro-inflammatory response resulting in dysfunctional GABAergic transmission and activated tryptophan metabolism. To efficiently and accurately inhibit the pro-inflammatory reaction, we established a biomimetic microglial nanoparticle strategy to deliver FDA-approved PLX3397 (termed MNPs@PLX). We show MNPs@PLX successfully penetrates the blood brain barrier and facilitates microglial-targeted delivery of PLX3397. Furthermore, MNPs@PLX attenuates cognitive decline, dysfunctional synaptic plasticity, and pro-inflammatory response in female heterozygous Cntnap4 knockout mice. Together, our findings show loss of Cntnap4 causes pro-inflammatory cognitive decline that is effectively prevented by supplementation with microglia-specific inhibitors; thus validating the targeting of microglial function as a therapeutic intervention in neurocognitive disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Zhang
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Function and HealthSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- School of Life SciencesWestlake UniversityHangzhouChina
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and BiomedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Huaqing Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene and Antibody TherapyCenter for Biotechnology and BiomedicineState Key Laboratory of Chemical OncogenomicsState Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and TechnologyInstitute of Biopharmaceutical and Health EngineeringShenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Liuyan Ding
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Function and HealthSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Function and HealthSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Mengran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Function and HealthSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- School of Life SciencesWestlake UniversityHangzhouChina
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and BiomedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Runfang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Function and HealthSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- School of Life SciencesWestlake UniversityHangzhouChina
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and BiomedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Shaohui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Function and HealthSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- School of Life SciencesWestlake UniversityHangzhouChina
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and BiomedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Junwei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Function and HealthSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Juan C. Piña‐Crespo
- Degenerative Diseases ProgramCenter for Genetic Disorders and Aging ResearchSanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Function and HealthSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- School of Life SciencesWestlake UniversityHangzhouChina
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and BiomedicineHangzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ocañas SR, Ansere VA, Kellogg CM, Isola JVV, Chucair-Elliott AJ, Freeman WM. Chromosomal and gonadal factors regulate microglial sex effects in the aging brain. Brain Res Bull 2023; 195:157-171. [PMID: 36804773 PMCID: PMC10810555 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Biological sex contributes to phenotypic sex effects through genetic (sex chromosomal) and hormonal (gonadal) mechanisms. There are profound sex differences in the prevalence and progression of age-related brain diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. Inflammation of neural tissue is one of the most consistent age-related phenotypes seen with healthy aging and disease. The pro-inflammatory environment of the aging brain has primarily been attributed to microglial reactivity and adoption of heterogeneous reactive states dependent upon intrinsic (i.e., sex) and extrinsic (i.e., age, disease state) factors. Here, we review sex effects in microglia across the lifespan, explore potential genetic and hormonal molecular mechanisms of microglial sex effects, and discuss currently available models and methods to study sex effects in the aging brain. Despite recent attention to this area, significant further research is needed to mechanistically understand the regulation of microglial sex effects across the lifespan, which may open new avenues for sex informed prevention and treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Ocañas
- Genes & Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Victor A Ansere
- Genes & Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Collyn M Kellogg
- Genes & Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jose V V Isola
- Aging & Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Ana J Chucair-Elliott
- Genes & Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Willard M Freeman
- Genes & Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Oklahoma City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mishra P, Davies DA, Albensi BC. The Interaction Between NF-κB and Estrogen in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1515-1526. [PMID: 36512265 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03152-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Post-menopausal women are at a higher risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) than males. The higher rates of AD in women are associated with the sharp decline in the estrogen levels after menopause. Estrogen has been shown to downregulate inflammatory cytokines in the central nervous system (CNS), which has a neuroprotective role against neurodegenerative diseases including AD. Sustained neuroinflammation is associated with neurodegeneration and contributes to AD. Nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) is a transcription factor involved with the modulation of inflammation and interacts with estrogen to influence the progression of AD. Application of 17β-estradiol (E2) has been shown to inhibit NF-κB, thereby reducing transcription of NF-κB target genes. Despite accumulating evidence showing that estrogens have beneficial effects in pre-clinical AD studies, there are mixed results with hormone replacement therapy in clinical trials. Furthering our understanding of how NF-κB interacts with estrogen and alters the progression of neurodegenerative disorders including AD, should be beneficial and result in the development of novel therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Mishra
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Don A Davies
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Benedict C Albensi
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. .,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Koemans EA, Castello JP, Rasing I, Abramson JR, Voigt S, Perosa V, van Harten TW, van Zwet EW, Terwindt GM, Gurol ME, Rosand J, Greenberg SM, van Walderveen MA, Biffi A, Viswanathan A, Wermer MJ. Sex Differences in Onset and Progression of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy. Stroke 2023; 54:306-314. [PMID: 36689586 PMCID: PMC9855754 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.122.040823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy (CAA) disease course is highly variable even in hereditary forms. Sex may be a possible modifying factor. We investigated biological sex differences in clinical disease course and magnetic resonance imaging-markers in sporadic (sCAA) and Dutch-type hereditary CAA (D-CAA). METHODS Patients with D-CAA and sCAA were included from hospital and research databases of the Leiden University Medical Center (2012-2020) and Massachusetts General Hospital (1994-2012). Key outcomes were: sex differences in symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) onset, recurrence and survival (analyzed using Kaplan Meier survival and regression analyses), and sex differences in magnetic resonance imaging-markers in D-CAA (explored using scatterplots), and in sCAA (investigated using regression analysis). RESULTS We included 136 patients with D-CAA (mean age 57 years, 56% women, 64% with previous sICH) and 370 patients with sCAA (mean age 76 years, 51% women, all with previous sICH). Men and women with D-CAA did not differ for sICH onset (median age 54 in men and 56 in women [P=0.13]). Men with D-CAA had a slightly higher number of sICH compared with women (median 2 versus 1; adjusted RR, 1.5 [95% CI, 1.1-1.9]) and a shorter interval between the first and second sICH (median 1.8 years for men and 3.1 years for women, P=0.02). Men with sCAA had their first sICH at an earlier age (median 75 versus 78 years, respectively, P=0.003) and more lobar microbleeds (median 1 versus 0, P=0.022) compared with women with sCAA. No substantial differences were found in the other magnetic resonance imaging markers. Survival after first sICH was comparable between sexes for D-CAA (P=0.12) and sCAA (P=0.23). CONCLUSIONS Men with CAA seem to have an earlier onset (sCAA) and more hemorrhagic disease course (sCAA and D-CAA) compared with women. Future studies are necessary to confirm these findings and determine the underlying role of sex-related factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma A. Koemans
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (E.A.K., I.R., S.V., G.M.T., M.J.H.W.)
| | - Juan Pablo Castello
- Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (J.P.C., J.R.A., J.R., A.B.)
- Department of Neurology, J Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (J.P.C., J.R.A., V.P., M.E.G., J.R., S.M.G., A.B., A.V.)
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL (J.P.C.)
| | - Ingeborg Rasing
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (E.A.K., I.R., S.V., G.M.T., M.J.H.W.)
| | - Jessica R. Abramson
- Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (J.P.C., J.R.A., J.R., A.B.)
- Department of Neurology, J Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (J.P.C., J.R.A., V.P., M.E.G., J.R., S.M.G., A.B., A.V.)
| | - Sabine Voigt
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (E.A.K., I.R., S.V., G.M.T., M.J.H.W.)
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (S.V., T.W.v.H., M.A.A.v.W.)
| | - Valentina Perosa
- Department of Neurology, J Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (J.P.C., J.R.A., V.P., M.E.G., J.R., S.M.G., A.B., A.V.)
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany (V.P.)
| | - Thijs W. van Harten
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (S.V., T.W.v.H., M.A.A.v.W.)
| | - Erik W. van Zwet
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (E.W.v.Z.)
| | - Gisela M. Terwindt
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (E.A.K., I.R., S.V., G.M.T., M.J.H.W.)
| | - M. Edip Gurol
- Department of Neurology, J Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (J.P.C., J.R.A., V.P., M.E.G., J.R., S.M.G., A.B., A.V.)
| | - Jonathan Rosand
- Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (J.P.C., J.R.A., J.R., A.B.)
- Department of Neurology, J Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (J.P.C., J.R.A., V.P., M.E.G., J.R., S.M.G., A.B., A.V.)
| | - Steven M. Greenberg
- Department of Neurology, J Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (J.P.C., J.R.A., V.P., M.E.G., J.R., S.M.G., A.B., A.V.)
| | | | - Alessandro Biffi
- Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (J.P.C., J.R.A., J.R., A.B.)
- Department of Neurology, J Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (J.P.C., J.R.A., V.P., M.E.G., J.R., S.M.G., A.B., A.V.)
| | - Anand Viswanathan
- Department of Neurology, J Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (J.P.C., J.R.A., V.P., M.E.G., J.R., S.M.G., A.B., A.V.)
| | - Marieke J.H. Wermer
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (E.A.K., I.R., S.V., G.M.T., M.J.H.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Alzheimer's Disease and Impaired Bone Microarchitecture, Regeneration and Potential Genetic Links. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020373. [PMID: 36836731 PMCID: PMC9963274 DOI: 10.3390/life13020373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and osteoporosis are both age-related degenerative diseases. Many studies indicate that these two diseases share common pathogenesis mechanisms. In this review, the osteoporotic phenotype of AD mouse models was discussed, and shared mechanisms such as hormonal imbalance, genetic factors, similar signaling pathways and impaired neurotransmitters were identified. Moreover, the review provides recent data associated with these two diseases. Furthermore, potential therapeutic approaches targeting both diseases were discussed. Thus, we proposed that preventing bone loss should be one of the most important treatment goals in patients with AD; treatment targeting brain disorders is also beneficial for osteoporosis.
Collapse
|
13
|
Qu Y, Wu Y, Cheng W, Wang D, Zeng L, Wang Y, Li T, Zhang L, Yang J, Sun L, Ai J. Amelioration of cognitive impairment using epigallocatechin-3-gallate in ovariectomized mice fed a high-fat diet involves remodeling with Prevotella and Bifidobacteriales. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1079313. [PMID: 36686657 PMCID: PMC9846573 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1079313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Estrogen deficiency and a high-fat diet (HFD) are both risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). HFD can accelerate cognitive impairment in estrogen-deficient patients, but there is currently no effective treatment. Epigallocatechin-3-galate (EGCG) is widely studied for its anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-neurodegeneration effects. Nevertheless, whether EGCG can ameliorate cognitive impairment in HFD-fed estrogen-deficient mice has not been studied. Methods and Results: Ovariectomized (OVX) mice fed an HFD (HFOVX) for 8 weeks experienced impaired object recognition and spatial memory, but this damage was significantly attenuated by the administration of EGCG at a dose of 45 mg/kg. Through 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we found that HFOVX changed the diversity and structure of the gut microbiota in mice, which could be restored with EGCG. Further analysis showed that HFOVX exposure not only resulted in a decrease of Alloprevotella in Bacteroidetes, Lactobacillaceae in Firmicutes, and Prevotella in Bacteroidetes but also in an increase of Bifidobacteriales in Actinobacteria. EGCG effectively reversed the decrease of Prevotella and inhibited the increase of Bifidobacteriales but had no effect on the decrease of Alloprevotella or Lactobacillaceae or on the increase of Enterorhabdus in HFOVX mice. Additionally, using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, we found that EGCG significantly reversed the five functional gut microbiota genes elevated by HFOVX, including iron complex transport system substrate-binding protein, iron complex transport system permease protein, 3-oxoacyl- [acyl-carrier protein] reductase, transketolase, and 8-oxo-dGTP diphosphatase. Conclusions: We concluded that EGCG improved cognitive impairment in mice with estrogen deficiency exacerbated by an HFD involved a rebuilding of the disrupted gut microbiota composition.
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhdanova DY, Kovalev VI, Chaplygina AV, Bobkova NV, Poltavtseva RA, Sukhikh GT. YB-1 Protein Prevents Age-Related Decline in Plasma Estradiol in Aging Female 5xFAD Transgenic Mice. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2023. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093023010192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
|
15
|
Moruno-Manchon J, Noh B, McCullough L. Sex-biased autophagy as a potential mechanism mediating sex differences in ischemic stroke outcome. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:31-37. [PMID: 35799505 PMCID: PMC9241419 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.340406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of death and a major cause of disability worldwide, and biological sex is an important determining factor in stroke incidence and pathology. From childhood through adulthood, men have a higher incidence of stroke compared with women. Abundant research has confirmed the beneficial effects of estrogen in experimental ischemic stroke but genetic factors such as the X-chromosome complement can also play an important role in determining sex differences in stroke. Autophagy is a self-degrading cellular process orchestrated by multiple core proteins, which leads to the engulfment of cytoplasmic material and degradation of cargo after autophagy vesicles fuse with lysosomes or endosomes. The levels and the activity of components of these signaling pathways and of autophagy-related proteins can be altered during ischemic insults. Ischemic stroke activates autophagy, however, whether inhibiting autophagy after stroke is beneficial in the brain is still under a debate. Autophagy is a potential mechanism that may contribute to differences in stroke progression between the sexes. Furthermore, the effects of manipulating autophagy may also differ between the sexes. Mechanisms that regulate autophagy in a sex-dependent manner in ischemic stroke remain unexplored. In this review, we summarize clinical and pre-clinical evidence for sex differences in stroke. We briefly introduce the autophagy process and summarize the effects of gonadal hormones in autophagy in the brain and discuss X-linked genes that could potentially regulate brain autophagy. Finally, we review pre-clinical studies that address the mechanisms that could mediate sex differences in brain autophagy after stroke.
Collapse
|
16
|
Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Analyses Unveil the Mechanisms of Yiguanjian Decoction against Parkinson’s Disease from Inner/Outer Brain Perspective. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4758189. [PMID: 36237735 PMCID: PMC9552692 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4758189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study aims to explore the pharmacodynamic mechanism of Yiguanjian (YGJ) decoction against Parkinson's disease (PD) through integrating the central nervous (inner brain) and peripheral system (outer brain) relationship spectrum. Methods The active components of YGJ were achieved from the TCMSP, TCMID, and TCM@Taiwan databases. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability of the active components along with their corresponding targets was evaluated utilizing the existing website, namely, SwissADME and SwissTargetPrediction. The targets of PD were determined through database retrieval. The interaction network was constructed upon the STRING database, followed by the visualization using Cytoscape software. Then, we performed Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses on potential targets. Finally, the molecular docking approach was employed to assess the binding affinity between key components and key targets. Results Overall, we identified 79 active components, 128 potential targets of YGJ, and 97 potential targets of YGJ-BBB potentially suitable for the treatment of PD. GO and KEGG analyses showed that the YGJ treatment of PD mainly relied on PI3K-Akt pathway while the YGJ-BBB was mostly involved in endocrine resistance. The molecular docking results displayed high affinity between multiple compounds and targets in accordance with previous observations. Conclusions Our study unveiled the potential mechanisms of YGJ against PD from a systemic perspective: (1) for the YGJ, they have potential exerting effects on the peripheral system and inhibiting neuronal apoptosis through regulating the PI3K-Akt pathway; (2) for the YGJ-BBB, they can directly modulate endocrine resistance of the central nervous and holistically enhance body resistance to PD along with YGJ on PI3K-Akt pathway.
Collapse
|
17
|
Glial Cell-Mediated Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810572. [PMID: 36142483 PMCID: PMC9502483 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder; it is the most common cause of dementia and has no treatment. It is characterized by two pathological hallmarks, the extracellular deposits of amyloid beta (Aβ) and the intraneuronal deposits of Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Yet, those two hallmarks do not explain the full pathology seen with AD, suggesting the involvement of other mechanisms. Neuroinflammation could offer another explanation for the progression of the disease. This review provides an overview of recent advances on the role of the immune cells’ microglia and astrocytes in neuroinflammation. In AD, microglia and astrocytes become reactive by several mechanisms leading to the release of proinflammatory cytokines that cause further neuronal damage. We then provide updates on neuroinflammation diagnostic markers and investigational therapeutics currently in clinical trials to target neuroinflammation.
Collapse
|
18
|
Luo M, Zeng Q, Jiang K, Zhao Y, Long Z, Du Y, Wang K, He G. Estrogen deficiency exacerbates learning and memory deficits associated with glucose metabolism disorder in APP/PS1 double transgenic female mice. Genes Dis 2022; 9:1315-1331. [PMID: 35873026 PMCID: PMC9293702 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in glucose metabolism occur in the brain in the early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and menopausal women have more severe metabolic dysfunction and are more prone to dementia than men. Although estrogen deficiency-induced changes in glucose metabolism have been previously studied in animal models, their molecular mechanisms in AD remain elusive. To investigate this issue, double transgenic (APP/PS1) female mice were subjected to bilateral ovariectomy at 3 months of age and were sacrificed 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after surgery to simulate early, middle and late postmenopause, respectively. Our analysis demonstrated that estrogen deficiency exacerbates learning and memory deficits in this mouse model of postmenopause. Estrogen deficiency impairs the function of mitochondria in glucose metabolism. It is possible that the occurrence of AD is associated with the aberrant mitochondrial ERβ-mediated IGF-1/IGF-1R/GSK-3β signaling pathway. In this study, we established a potential mechanism for the increased risk of AD in postmenopausal women and proposed a therapeutic target for AD due to postmenopause.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.,Department of Pathology, Suining Municipal Hospital of TCM, Suining, Sichuan 629000, PR China
| | - Qinghua Zeng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.,Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan 629000, PR China
| | - Yueyang Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Zhimin Long
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.,Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Yexiang Du
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Kejian Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.,Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Guiqiong He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.,Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Targeting the TLR4/NF-κΒ Axis and NLRP1/3 Inflammasomes by Rosuvastatin: A Role in Impeding Ovariectomy-Induced Cognitive Decline Neuropathology in Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:4562-4577. [PMID: 35578102 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02852-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Postmenopausal hormone-related cognitive decline has gained an immense interest to explore the underlying mechanisms and potential therapies. The current work aimed to study the possible beneficial effect of rosuvastatin (ROS) on the cognitive decline induced by ovariectomy in rats. Four groups were used as follows: control group, control + rosuvastatin, ovariectomy, and ovariectomy + rosuvastatin. After sham operation or ovariectomy, rats were given saline or oral dosages of ROS (2 mg/kg) every day for 30 days. The cognitive functions were assessed using the Morris water maze paradigm, Y-maze test, and new object recognition test. After rat killing, TLR4, caspase-8, and NLRP mRNA expression and protein levels of ASC, AIM2, caspase-1, NLRP1, and PKR were measured in hippocampus. This was complemented by the estimation of tissue content of NF-κΒ, IL-1β, and IL-18 and serum lipid profile quantification. Rosuvastatin showed a promising potential for halting the cognitive impairments induced by estrogen decline through interfering with the TLR4/NF-κΒ/NLRP1/3 axis and inflammasomes activation and the subsequent pyroptosis. This was complemented by the amendment in the deranged lipid profile. Rosuvastatin may exert a beneficial role in attenuating the inflammatory and apoptotic signaling mechanisms associated with postmenopausal cognitive decline. Further investigations are needed to unveil the relationship between deranged plasma lipids and cognitive function.
Collapse
|
20
|
Yan T, Zhang X, Mao Q, Wu B, He B, Jia Y, Shang L. Alpinae Oxyphyllae Fructus alleviated LPS-induced cognitive impairments via PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:489-503. [PMID: 34874107 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we aim to investigate the effect of Alpinae Oxyphyllae Fructus (AOF) on cognitive impairments and neuroinflammation in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced models of AD. Mice were injected intracerebroventricularly with LPS, and then administrated AOF using a gavage for 6 weeks. Spatial working memory was assessed using the Y-maze and Morris water maze test, whereas the levels of PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, p-GSK3β, GSK3β, NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were evaluated using western blot and ELISA assay. Our data showed that AOF was able to significantly alleviate the memory decline in LPS-induced AD mice. Moreover, AOF was able to protect neurons through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and significantly decrease NF-κB, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels in the hippocampal and cortex tissues, which were reversed through the use of LY294002. Additionally, we discovered that AOF could significantly decrease the high expression of cytokines as well as the expression and translocation of NF-κB induced by LPS in PC12 cells. These results demonstrate the anti-neuroinflammatory effect of AOF in both cell and animal models of AD, thereby slowing down the process and development of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingxu Yan
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaozhuo Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qianqian Mao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Wu
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bosai He
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Jia
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lei Shang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Arbo BD, Schimith LE, Goulart dos Santos M, Hort MA. Repositioning and development of new treatments for neurodegenerative diseases: Focus on neuroinflammation. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 919:174800. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
22
|
Sex differences in immune gene expression in the brain of a small shorebird. Immunogenetics 2022; 74:487-496. [PMID: 35084547 PMCID: PMC8792134 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-022-01253-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Males and females often exhibit differences in behaviour, life histories, and ecology, many of which are typically reflected in their brains. Neuronal protection and maintenance include complex processes led by the microglia, which also interacts with metabolites such as hormones or immune components. Despite increasing interest in sex-specific brain function in laboratory animals, the significance of sex-specific immune activation in the brain of wild animals along with the variables that could affect it is widely lacking. Here, we use the Kentish plover (Charadrius alexandrinus) to study sex differences in expression of immune genes in the brain of adult males and females, in two wild populations breeding in contrasting habitats: a coastal sea-level population and a high-altitude inland population in China. Our analysis yielded 379 genes associated with immune function. We show a significant male-biased immune gene upregulation. Immune gene expression in the brain did not differ in upregulation between the coastal and inland populations. We discuss the role of dosage compensation in our findings and their evolutionary significance mediated by sex-specific survival and neuronal deterioration. Similar expression profiles in the coastal and inland populations suggest comparable genetic control by the microglia and possible similarities in pathogen pressures between habitats. We call for further studies on gene expression of males and females in wild population to understand the implications of immune function for life-histories and demography in natural systems.
Collapse
|
23
|
An P, Zhao XC, Liu MJ, You YQ, Li JY. Gender-based differences in neuroprotective effects of hydrogen gas against intracerebral hemorrhage-induced depression. Neurochem Int 2022; 153:105276. [PMID: 34995727 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-stroke depression (PSD) severely affects recovery in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Although hydrogen gas (H2) exerts excellent neuroprotective effects in patients with ICH, there are sex-based differences in H2 efficacy in several diseases. Herein, we determined whether estrogen increases susceptibility to the neuroprotective effects of H2 in males with ICH-induced depression. METHODS A rodent model of ICH in the basal ganglia was established using autologous blood injection (30 μL). Mice were treated with 2.9% H2 for 2 h daily for 3 days post-ICH. Estrogen (1 mg/kg) was administered by subcutaneous injection daily for 3 days to male mice post-ICH. Thirty days post-ICH, PSD was evaluated by sucrose preference, forced swimming, and 3-chamber social tests. Following the completion of behavioral tests, levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), astrocytic activation, phosphorylated (p)-NF-κB-positive astrocytes, p-NF-κB, p-IKKβ, IL-1β, and IL-6 expression were determined. RESULTS Compared with female mice, H2 administration post-ICH exhibited fewer neuroprotective effects, including decreased sucrose consumption and time spent sniffing a novel mouse, increased immobility time, downregulated total SOD content, upregulated ROS content and p-NF-κB levels, and elevated astrocyte branches, whereas estrogen enhanced the neuroprotective effects of H2 in male mice. A reduced number of p-NF-κB-positive astrocytes, downregulated expression of p-NF-κB, p-IKKβ, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the amygdala were demonstrated in ICH-males treated with estrogen plus H2. CONCLUSIONS Estrogen was responsible for increased H2 sensitivity in male mice with ICH. The underlying mechanism may be associated with the suppression of NF-κB signaling in astrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping An
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Chun Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Man-Jia Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Qing You
- Department of Anesthesiology, ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing-Ya Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Deng C, Chen H, Meng Z, Meng S. Roles of traditional chinese medicine regulating neuroendocrinology on AD treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:955618. [PMID: 36213283 PMCID: PMC9533021 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.955618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasing in recent years. Studies have shown that in addition to some genetic abnormalities, the majority of AD patients has a history of long-term exposure to risk factors. Neuroendocrine related risk factors have been proved to be strongly associated with AD. Long-term hormone disorder can have a direct detrimental effect on the brain by producing an AD-like pathology and result in cognitive decline by impairing neuronal metabolism, plasticity and survival. Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) may regulate the complex process of endocrine disorders, and improve metabolic abnormalities, as well as the resulting neuroinflammation and oxidative damage through a variety of pathways. TCM has unique therapeutic advantages in treating early intervention of AD-related neuroendocrine disorders and preventing cognitive decline. This paper reviewed the relationship between neuroendocrine and AD as well as the related TCM treatment and its mechanism. The advantages of TCM intervention on endocrine disorders and some pending problems was also discussed, and new insights for TCM treatment of dementia in the future was provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chujun Deng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Huize Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeyu Meng
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Shengxi Meng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Shengxi Meng,
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kang H, Zhou H, Ye Y, Yang J, Liu Z, He P, Li B, Wu Y, Wang Y, Tu Y. Tieguanyin Oolong Tea Extracts Alleviate Behavioral Abnormalities by Modulating Neuroinflammation in APP/PS1 Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Foods 2021; 11:81. [PMID: 35010207 PMCID: PMC8750439 DOI: 10.3390/foods11010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease; tea components have important neuroprotective effects. This article explores the effects and mechanisms of Qingxiang Tiguanyin (Tgy-Q), Nongxiang Tieguanyin (Tgy-N), and Chenxiang Tieguanyin (Tgy-C) extracts on APP/PS1 AD model mice. Morris water maze and new object recognition experiments show that Tieguanyin extracts can effectively enhance the cognitive ability of APP/PS1 mice. H&E staining, Nissl staining, and immunohistochemical staining show that Tieguanyin extracts make nerve cell boundaries and nucleoli become clearer, relieve nucleus pyknosis, and effectively reduce Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 in the hippocampus and cortex. They also restore the morphology of microglia and astrocytes. In addition, Tieguanyin extracts can balance the oxidative stress level in the brain of APP/PS1 mice by improving the antioxidant capacity. Western blot results show that Tieguanyin extracts can reduce the expression of NF-κB p65, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, and iNOS in mouse brain, which demonstrates that Tieguanyin extracts improves cognitive ability by alleviating inflammation. This article demonstrates for the first time that Tieguanyin extracts can inhibit the excessive activation of the NF-κB p65 signaling pathway and improve the antioxidant capacity in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, to improve the cognitive ability of APP/PS1 mice. Our results shed light into the beneficial of Tieguanyin tea extracts on preventing and alleviating AD diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunuk Kang
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.K.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.L.); (P.H.); (B.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.K.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.L.); (P.H.); (B.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yushan Ye
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.K.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.L.); (P.H.); (B.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jiangfan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.K.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.L.); (P.H.); (B.L.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Puming He
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.K.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.L.); (P.H.); (B.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.K.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.L.); (P.H.); (B.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.K.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.L.); (P.H.); (B.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yaomin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Youying Tu
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.K.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.L.); (P.H.); (B.L.); (Y.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang S, Sun-Waterhouse D, Neil Waterhouse GI, Zheng L, Su G, Zhao M. Effects of food-derived bioactive peptides on cognitive deficits and memory decline in neurodegenerative diseases: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
27
|
AhR/miR-23a-3p/PKCα axis contributes to memory deficits in ovariectomized and normal aging female mice. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 24:79-91. [PMID: 33738140 PMCID: PMC7940705 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of estrogen deficiency-induced cognitive impairment is still not fully elucidated. In this study, we assessed the effect of microRNA (miRNA) on the memory of long-term estrogen-deficient mice after ovariectomy (OVX) and normal aging. We observed that 5-month OVX and 22-month-old normal aging female mice showed significantly impaired spatial and object recognition memory, declined hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), and decreased hippocampal protein kinase C α (PKCα) protein. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed upregulated miRNA-23a-3p (miR-23a-3p) in the hippocampus of 5-month OVX and 22-month-old female mice. In vitro, overexpression of miR-23a-3p downregulated PKCα by binding the 3¢ UTRs of Prkca mRNAs, which was prevented by its antisense oligonucleotide AMO-23a. In vivo, adeno-associated virus-mediated overexpression of miR-23a-3p (AAV-pre-miR-23a-3p) suppressed hippocampal PKCα and impaired the memory of mice. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) binds the promoter region of miR-23a-3p. The AhR-dependent downregulation of PKCα could be prevented by AMO-23a as well. Furthermore, knockdown of miR-23a-3p using AAV-AMO-23a rescued the cognitive and electrophysiological impairments of OVX and normal aging female mice. We conclude that long-term estrogen deficiency impairs cognition and hippocampal LTP by activating the AhR/miR-23a-3p/PKCα axis. The knockdown of miR-23a-3p may be a potentially valuable therapeutic strategy for estrogen deficiency-induced memory deficits.
Collapse
|
28
|
Bakeberg MC, Gorecki AM, Kenna JE, Jefferson A, Byrnes M, Ghosh S, Horne MK, McGregor S, Stell R, Walters S, Chivers P, Winter SJ, Mastaglia FL, Anderton RS. Differential effects of sex on longitudinal patterns of cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol 2021; 268:1903-1912. [PMID: 33399968 PMCID: PMC8068663 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10367-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Cognitive impairment is an important and diverse symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Sex is a purported risk variable for cognitive decline in PD, but has not been comprehensively investigated.
Objectives This cross-sectional and longitudinal study examined sex differences in global and domain-specific cognitive performance in a large PD cohort. Methods Cognitive function was evaluated using the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination in 392 people with PD (PwP) from the Australian Parkinson’s Disease Registry. The influence of sex on domain-specific cognitive performance was investigated using covariate-corrected generalised linear models. In a repeated measures longitudinal subset of 127 PwP, linear mixed models were used to assess the impact of sex on cognition over time, while accounting for covariates.
Results Cross-sectional-corrected modelling revealed that sex was significantly predictive of cognitive performance, with males performing worse than females on global cognition, and memory and fluency domains. Longitudinally, sex was significantly predictive of cognitive decline, with males exhibiting a greater reduction in global cognition and language, whereas females showed a greater decline in attention/orientation, memory and visuospatial domains, despite starting with higher baseline scores. At follow-up, a significantly higher proportion of males than females fulfilled criteria for mild cognitive impairment or PD dementia. Conclusions Sex was revealed as a significant determinant of overall cognitive performance as well as specific cognitive domains, with a differential pattern of decline in male and female participants. Such sex-specific findings appear to explain some of the heterogeneity observed in PD, warranting further investigation of mechanisms underlying this sexual dimorphism. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00415-020-10367-8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan C Bakeberg
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Anastazja M Gorecki
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Jade E Kenna
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Alexa Jefferson
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Michelle Byrnes
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Soumya Ghosh
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Malcolm K Horne
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Clinical Neurosciences and Neurological Research, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah McGregor
- Centre for Clinical Neurosciences and Neurological Research, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Rick Stell
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Sue Walters
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Paola Chivers
- Institute for Health Research and School of Health Sciences, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia.,Exercise Medicine Research Institute and School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Samantha J Winter
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Institute for Health Research and School of Health Sciences, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia
| | - Frank L Mastaglia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Ryan S Anderton
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia. .,Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia. .,Institute for Health Research and School of Health Sciences, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Di Zhang D, Wang YG, Liu CY, Wang ZH, Wang YF. Aminoguanidine ameliorates ovariectomy-induced neuronal deficits in rats by inhibiting AGE-mediated Aβ production. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2021; 81:10-20. [PMID: 33949165 DOI: 10.21307/ane-2021-002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been reported to cause neurodegeneration, senile plaque formation and spatial learning and memory deficits. There is much evidence describing the beneficial effects of aminoguanidine (AG) on the central nervous system; AG is able to inhibit the receptor for AGEs and beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposition in the brain, thus preventing cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. In this study, we investigated whether AG protects against ovariectomy-induced neuronal deficits and Aβ deposition in rats. Animals in the ovariectomy group (OVX) group, and those in the OVX+AG group were treated with AG (100 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks. Learning and memory were evaluated using the electric Y maze. AGE and Aβ1-40 biochemical assessments were performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Furthermore, evaluations of brain amyloid precursor protein 695 (APP695) mRNA expression by RT-PCR and AGE expression by immunohistochemistry were carried out. Ovariectomized rats exhibited memory impairment and Aβ production disorder with upregulated APP695 mRNA and AGE expression levels. AG pretreatment relieved the ovariectomy-induced learning and memory disorder and significantly ameliorated the Aβ production disturbance and AGE generation. Additionally, pathological changes in morphology were also significantly recovered. Our data reveal that AG plays a potentially neuroprotective role against ovariectomy-induced learning and cognitive impairment and Aβ production disorder. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been reported to cause neurodegeneration, senile plaque formation and spatial learning and memory deficits. There is much evidence describing the beneficial effects of aminoguanidine (AG) on the central nervous system; AG is able to inhibit the receptor for AGEs and beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposition in the brain, thus preventing cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. In this study, we investigated whether AG protects against ovariectomy-induced neuronal deficits and Aβ deposition in rats. Animals in the ovariectomy group (OVX) group, and those in the OVX+AG group were treated with AG (100 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks. Learning and memory were evaluated using the electric Y maze. AGE and Aβ1-40 biochemical assessments were performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Furthermore, evaluations of brain amyloid precursor protein 695 (APP695) mRNA expression by RT-PCR and AGE expression by immunohistochemistry were carried out. Ovariectomized rats exhibited memory impairment and Aβ production disorder with upregulated APP695 mRNA and AGE expression levels. AG pretreatment relieved the ovariectomy-induced learning and memory disorder and significantly ameliorated the Aβ production disturbance and AGE generation. Additionally, pathological changes in morphology were also significantly recovered. Our data reveal that AG plays a potentially neuroprotective role against ovariectomy-induced learning and cognitive impairment and Aβ production disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Di Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine , Beijing Luhe Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Yan Gang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology , Hebei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Hebei , China
| | - Chun Yan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology , The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Hebei , China
| | - Ze Hou Wang
- Department of Chinese Medicine , Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing , China
| | - Yue Fen Wang
- Department of Nephropathy , Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Aguirre-Vidal Y, Morales-Montor J, Gómez de León CT, Ostoa-Saloma P, Díaz-Zaragoza M, Montes S, Arteaga-Silva M, Monroy-Noyola A. Protection induced by estradiol benzoate in the MPP + rat model of Parkinson's disease is associated with the regulation of the inflammatory cytokine profile in the nigro striatum. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 349:577426. [PMID: 33096292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we have demonstrated that β-estradiol-3-benzoate (EB) has a protective effect on the neurodegenerative experimental model of Parkinson's disease. The protective effect is through the induction of the expression of paraoxonase-2 (PON2) in the striatum. PON2 has proven to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, this protein has a beneficial effect in MPP+ model in rats decreasing the lipid peroxidation and the oxidative stress. Furthermore, the molecular effect and the pathway by which EB induces protection were not further pursued. This study shows the regulation by EB of the anti-inflammatory effect through the modulation of cytokines, antioxidant enzymes and PON2 in the rat striatum. Rats were gonadectomized and 30 days after were randomly assigned into four experimental groups; only vehicles (Control group); EB treatment (EB group); MPP+ injury (M group); EB plus MPP+ injured (EB/M group). EB treatment consisted of 100 μg of the drug administered every 48 h for 11 days. Results showed that EB (group EB/M) treatment decrease significantly (40%) the number of ipsilateral turns respect to the M group and prevents significantly the dopamine (DA) decreased induced by MPP+ (~75%). This results are correlate with a significant decrease in the level of lipid peroxidation (60%) of the EB/M group respect to the M group. The EB treatment showed protection against neurotoxicity induced with MPP+, this could be due to EB capacity to prevent the increase in the expression level of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 induced by MPP+. While, TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 expression was reduced in the rats treated only with MPP+, in the rats of EB/M group the expression of both cytokines was increased. EB protective effect against MPP+ neurotoxicity is related to antioxidant effect of PON2, pro-inflammatory cytokines and GSHR but not to SOD2, catalase, GPX1 or GPX4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshajandith Aguirre-Vidal
- Laboratorio de Neuroprotección, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jorge Morales-Montor
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico.
| | - Carmen T Gómez de León
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Pedro Ostoa-Saloma
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Mariana Díaz-Zaragoza
- Laboratorio de Sistemas Biológicos, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de los Valles, Universidad de Guadalajara, C.P. 46600 Ameca, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Sergio Montes
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, "Dr. Manuel Velasco Suárez", Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Marcela Arteaga-Silva
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Antonio Monroy-Noyola
- Laboratorio de Neuroprotección, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ali AM, Kunugi H. Royal Jelly as an Intelligent Anti-Aging Agent-A Focus on Cognitive Aging and Alzheimer's Disease: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E937. [PMID: 33003559 PMCID: PMC7601550 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The astronomical increase of the world's aged population is associated with the increased prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases, heightened disability, and extremely high costs of care. Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a widespread, age-related, multifactorial neurodegenerative disease that has enormous social and financial drawbacks worldwide. The unsatisfactory outcomes of available AD pharmacotherapy necessitate the search for alternative natural resources that can target various the underlying mechanisms of AD pathology and reduce disease occurrence and/or progression. Royal jelly (RJ) is the main food of bee queens; it contributes to their fertility, long lifespan, and memory performance. It represents a potent nutraceutical with various pharmacological properties, and has been used in a number of preclinical studies to target AD and age-related cognitive deterioration. To understand the mechanisms through which RJ affects cognitive performance both in natural aging and AD, we reviewed the literature, elaborating on the metabolic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms that mediate its anti-AD effects. Preclinical findings revealed that RJ acts as a multidomain cognitive enhancer that can restore cognitive performance in aged and AD models. It promotes brain cell survival and function by targeting multiple adversities in the neuronal microenvironment such as inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial alterations, impaired proteostasis, amyloid-β toxicity, Ca excitotoxicity, and bioenergetic challenges. Human trials using RJ in AD are limited in quantity and quality. Here, the limitations of RJ-based treatment strategies are discussed, and directions for future studies examining the effect of RJ in cognitively impaired subjects are noted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amira Mohammed Ali
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-0031, Japan;
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21527, Egypt
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-0031, Japan;
- Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yang HR, Tu TH, Jeong DY, Yang S, Kim JG. Obesity induced by estrogen deficiency is associated with hypothalamic inflammation. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 23:100794. [PMID: 32885054 PMCID: PMC7453104 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Occurrence of obesity during the postmenopausal period is closely associated with inflammatory processes in multiple peripheral organs that are metabolically active. Hypothalamic inflammation has been recognized as one of the major underlying causes of various metabolic disorders, including obesity. The association between menopause-related obesity and hypothalamic inflammation remains poorly understood. We observed an elevation in hypothalamic inflammation in the ovariectomized mice, which displayed altered metabolic phenotypes and visceral obesity. Furthermore, we confirmed that ovariectomized mice displayed microglial activation accompanied by the upregulation of multiple genes involved in the inflammatory responses in hypothalamic microglia. Collectively, the current findings suggest that hypothalamic inflammation associated with microglial functioning could be a major pathogenic element in disruption of energy homeostasis during the postmenopausal period. Estrogen deficiency induces hypothalamic inflammation. Estrogen deficiency leads to inflammatory responses in hypothalamic microglia. Hypothalamic inflammation is associated with obesity pathogenesis during the postmenopausal period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Rim Yang
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, South Korea
| | - Thai Hien Tu
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, South Korea
| | - Da Yeon Jeong
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, South Korea
| | - Sunggu Yang
- Department of Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, South Korea
| | - Jae Geun Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, South Korea.,Institute for New Drug Development, Division of Life Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abo-Youssef AM, Khallaf WA, Khattab MM, Messiha BA. The anti-Alzheimer effect of telmisartan in a hyperglycemic ovariectomized rat model; role of central angiotensin and estrogen receptors. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 142:111441. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
34
|
Steroids and Alzheimer's Disease: Changes Associated with Pathology and Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134812. [PMID: 32646017 PMCID: PMC7370115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial age-related neurodegenerative disease that today has no effective treatment to prevent or slow its progression. Neuroactive steroids, including neurosteroids and sex steroids, have attracted attention as potential suitable candidates to alleviate AD pathology. Accumulating evidence shows that they exhibit pleiotropic neuroprotective properties that are relevant for AD. This review focuses on the relationship between selected neuroactive steroids and the main aspects of AD disease, pointing out contributions and gaps with reference to sex differences. We take into account the regulation of brain steroid concentrations associated with human AD pathology. Consideration is given to preclinical studies in AD models providing current knowledge on the neuroprotection offered by neuroactive (neuro)steroids on major AD pathogenic factors, such as amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau pathology, mitochondrial impairment, neuroinflammation, neurogenesis and memory loss. Stimulating endogenous steroid production opens a new steroid-based strategy to potentially overcome AD pathology. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Steroids and the Nervous System.
Collapse
|
35
|
Chen L, Shi R, She X, Gu C, Chong L, Zhang L, Li R. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist‐mediated cognitive improvement in a mouse model of Alzheimer's type: possible involvement of BDNF‐H
2
S‐Nrf2 signaling. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2020; 34:697-707. [PMID: 32484999 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Department of Neurology Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital 256 Friendship West Road, Beilin District Xi’an Shaanxi 710068 China
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital No. 256 Youyi West Road, Beilin District Xi'an City Shaanxi Province 710068 China
| | - Xia She
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Room Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital 256 Friendship West Road, Beilin District Xi’an Shaanxi 710068 China
| | - Chaochao Gu
- Department of Neurology Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital 256 Friendship West Road, Beilin District Xi’an Shaanxi 710068 China
| | - Li Chong
- Department of Neurology Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital 256 Friendship West Road, Beilin District Xi’an Shaanxi 710068 China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Neurology Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital 256 Friendship West Road, Beilin District Xi’an Shaanxi 710068 China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Neurology Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital 256 Friendship West Road, Beilin District Xi’an Shaanxi 710068 China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Acosta-Martínez M. Shaping Microglial Phenotypes Through Estrogen Receptors: Relevance to Sex-Specific Neuroinflammatory Responses to Brain Injury and Disease. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 375:223-236. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.264598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
|
37
|
Cerri S, Mus L, Blandini F. Parkinson's Disease in Women and Men: What's the Difference? JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2020; 9:501-515. [PMID: 31282427 PMCID: PMC6700650 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-191683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence points to biological sex as an important factor in the development and phenotypical expression of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Risk of developing PD is twice as high in men than women, but women have a higher mortality rate and faster progression of the disease. Moreover, motor and nonmotor symptoms, response to treatments and disease risk factors differ between women and men. Altogether, sex-related differences in PD support the idea that disease development might involve distinct pathogenic mechanisms (or the same mechanism but in a different way) in male and female patients. This review summarizes the most recent knowledge concerning differences between women and men in PD clinical features, risk factors, response to treatments and mechanisms underlying the disease pathophysiology. Unraveling how the pathology differently affect the two sexes might allow the development of tailored interventions and the design of innovative programs that meet the distinct needs of men and women, improving patient care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cerri
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Liudmila Mus
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabio Blandini
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Christensen A, Liu J, Pike CJ. Aging Reduces Estradiol Protection Against Neural but Not Metabolic Effects of Obesity in Female 3xTg-AD Mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:113. [PMID: 32431604 PMCID: PMC7214793 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vulnerability to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increased by several risk factors, including midlife obesity, female sex, and the depletion of estrogens in women as a consequence of menopause. Conversely, estrogen-based hormone therapies have been linked with protection from age-related increases in adiposity and dementia risk, although treatment efficacy appears to be affected by the age of initiation. Potential interactions between obesity, AD, aging, and estrogen treatment are likely to have significant impact on optimizing the use of hormone therapies in postmenopausal women. In the current study, we compared how treatment with the primary estrogen, 17β-estradiol (E2), affects levels of AD-like neuropathology, behavioral impairment, and other neural and systemic effects of preexisting diet-induced obesity in female 3xTg-AD mice. Importantly, experiments were conducted at chronological ages associated with both the early and late stages of reproductive senescence. We observed that E2 treatment was generally associated with significantly improved metabolic outcomes, including reductions in body weight, adiposity, and leptin, across both age groups. Conversely, neural benefits of E2 in obese mice, including decreased β-amyloid burden, improved behavioral performance, and reduced microglial activation, were observed only in the early aging group. These results are consistent with the perspective that neural benefits of estrogen-based therapies require initiation of treatment during early rather than later phases of reproductive aging. Further, the discordance between E2 protection against systemic versus neural effects of obesity across age groups suggests that pathways other than general metabolic function, perhaps including reduced microglial activation, contribute to the mechanism(s) of the observed E2 actions. These findings reinforce the potential systemic and neural benefits of estrogen therapies against obesity, while also highlighting the critical role of aging as a mediator of estrogens' protective actions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christian J. Pike
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Huang P, Zheng N, Zhou HB, Huang J. Curcumin inhibits BACE1 expression through the interaction between ERβ and NFκB signaling pathway in SH-SY5Y cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 463:161-173. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03638-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
40
|
Azcoitia I, Barreto GE, Garcia-Segura LM. Molecular mechanisms and cellular events involved in the neuroprotective actions of estradiol. Analysis of sex differences. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 55:100787. [PMID: 31513774 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Estradiol, either from peripheral or central origin, activates multiple molecular neuroprotective and neuroreparative responses that, being mediated by estrogen receptors or by estrogen receptor independent mechanisms, are initiated at the membrane, the cytoplasm or the cell nucleus of neural cells. Estrogen-dependent signaling regulates a variety of cellular events, such as intracellular Ca2+ levels, mitochondrial respiratory capacity, ATP production, mitochondrial membrane potential, autophagy and apoptosis. In turn, these molecular and cellular actions of estradiol are integrated by neurons and non-neuronal cells to generate different tissue protective responses, decreasing blood-brain barrier permeability, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and excitotoxicity and promoting synaptic plasticity, axonal growth, neurogenesis, remyelination and neuroregeneration. Recent findings indicate that the neuroprotective and neuroreparative actions of estradiol are different in males and females and further research is necessary to fully elucidate the causes for this sex difference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iñigo Azcoitia
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludables (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Luis M Garcia-Segura
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludables (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Avenida Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Yilmaz C, Karali K, Fodelianaki G, Gravanis A, Chavakis T, Charalampopoulos I, Alexaki VI. Neurosteroids as regulators of neuroinflammation. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 55:100788. [PMID: 31513776 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a physiological protective response in the context of infection and injury. However, neuroinflammation, especially if chronic, may also drive neurodegeneration. Neurodegenerative diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI), display inflammatory activation of microglia and astrocytes. Intriguingly, the central nervous system (CNS) is a highly steroidogenic environment synthesizing steroids de novo, as well as metabolizing steroids deriving from the circulation. Neurosteroid synthesis can be substantially affected by neuroinflammation, while, in turn, several steroids, such as 17β-estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and allopregnanolone, can regulate neuroinflammatory responses. Here, we review the role of neurosteroids in neuroinflammation in the context of MS, AD, PD and TBI and describe underlying molecular mechanisms. Moreover, we introduce the concept that synthetic neurosteroid analogues could be potentially utilized for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Canelif Yilmaz
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kanelina Karali
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece; Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation of Research & Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Georgia Fodelianaki
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Achille Gravanis
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece; Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation of Research & Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ioannis Charalampopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece; Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation of Research & Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Vasileia Ismini Alexaki
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Khan M, Ullah R, Rehman SU, Shah SA, Saeed K, Muhammad T, Park HY, Jo MH, Choe K, Rutten BPF, Kim MO. 17β-Estradiol Modulates SIRT1 and Halts Oxidative Stress-Mediated Cognitive Impairment in a Male Aging Mouse Model. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080928. [PMID: 31430865 PMCID: PMC6721687 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been considered the main mediator in neurodegenerative disease and in normal aging processes. Several studies have reported that the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), elevated oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation result in cellular malfunction. These conditions lead to neuronal cell death in aging-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease. Chronic administration of d-galactose (d-gal) for a period of 10 weeks causes ROS generation and neuroinflammation, ultimately leading to cognitive impairment. In this study, we evaluated the estrogen receptor α (ERα)/silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1)-dependent antioxidant efficacy of 17β-estradiol against d-gal-induced oxidative damage-mediated cognitive dysfunction in a male mouse model. The results indicate that 17β-estradiol, by stimulating ERα/SIRT1, halts d-gal-induced oxidative stress–mediated JNK/NF-ҡB overexpression, neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis. Moreover, 17β-estradiol ameliorated d-gal-induced AD-like pathophysiology, synaptic dysfunction and memory impairment in adult mouse brains. Interestingly, inhibition of SIRT1 with Ex527 (a potent and selective SIRT1 inhibitor) further enhanced d-gal-induced toxicity and abolished the beneficial effect of 17β-estradiol. Most importantly, for the first time, our molecular docking study reveals that 17β-estradiol allosterically increases the expression of SIRT1 and abolishes the inhibitory potential of d-ga. In summary, we can conclude that 17β-estradiol, in an ERα/SIRT1-dependent manner, abrogates d-gal-induced oxidative stress–mediated memory impairment, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration in adult mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehtab Khan
- Division of Life sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21plus), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Rahat Ullah
- Division of Life sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21plus), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Shafiq Ur Rehman
- Division of Life sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21plus), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Shahid Ali Shah
- Division of Life sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21plus), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Kamran Saeed
- Division of Life sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21plus), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Tahir Muhammad
- Division of Life sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21plus), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Hyun Young Park
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Medical Center (MUMC+), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Myeung Hoon Jo
- Division of Life sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21plus), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Kyonghwan Choe
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Medical Center (MUMC+), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart P F Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Medical Center (MUMC+), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Myeong Ok Kim
- Division of Life sciences and Applied Life Science (BK 21plus), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Xu M, Yan T, Fan K, Wang M, Qi Y, Xiao F, Bi K, Jia Y. Polysaccharide of Schisandra Chinensis Fructus ameliorates cognitive decline in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 237:354-365. [PMID: 30844489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Polysaccharides is an important ingredient of Schisandra Chinensis Fructus which often appears in ancient prescriptions for forgetfulness or dementia. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of our study is to investigate the effects of polysaccharides of Schisandra Chinensis Fructus (SCP) on animal model of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is a common disease of dementia, to elucidate the traditional medical theories with modern pharmacological methods and provide a reference for further clarifying its active mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hydrolysates of SCP were analyzed by HPLC. Y-maze, Morris water maze (MWM) were used for evaluating cognition processes of mice. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect the deposition of Aβ. The levels of cytokine expression including Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the hippocampus were detected by ELISA kits. Activation of astrocytes and microglia was assessed by immunofluorescence labeling GFAP and Iba-1. The phosphorylated state of various mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) signaling molecules (p38 MAPK, ERK 1/2, and JNK) and activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) was studied by western blot. Histopathological changes were observed by H.E. straining. RESULTS SCP could significantly improve the cognition and histopathological changes of AD mice, reduce the deposition of Aβ, downregulate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the activation of glial cells in the hippocampus. Further, SCP decreased nuclear displacement of NF-κB and MAPKs phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS SCP could improve the cognition of mice, and it may play an anti-AD role by activating the NF-κB/MAPK pathway to alleviate neuroinflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Active Components of Chinese Medicine Screening and Evaluation, School of Traditional Chinese MateriaMedica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tingxu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Active Components of Chinese Medicine Screening and Evaluation, School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Kaiyue Fan
- Key Laboratory of Active Components of Chinese Medicine Screening and Evaluation, School of Traditional Chinese MateriaMedica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mengshi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Active Components of Chinese Medicine Screening and Evaluation, School of Traditional Chinese MateriaMedica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yu Qi
- Key Laboratory of Active Components of Chinese Medicine Screening and Evaluation, School of Traditional Chinese MateriaMedica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Active Components of Chinese Medicine Screening and Evaluation, School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Kaishun Bi
- The Engineering Laboratory of National and Local Union of Quality Control for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ying Jia
- Key Laboratory of Active Components of Chinese Medicine Screening and Evaluation, School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Pan Y, Xu J, Jin P, Yang Q, Zhu K, You M, Chen M, Hu F. Royal Jelly Ameliorates Behavioral Deficits, Cholinergic System Deficiency, and Autonomic Nervous Dysfunction in Ovariectomized Cholesterol-Fed Rabbits. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061149. [PMID: 30909491 PMCID: PMC6470943 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen deficiency after menopause is associated with autonomic nervous changes, leading to memory impairment and increased susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Royal jelly (RJ) from honeybees (Apis mellifera) has estrogenic activity. Here, we investigated whether RJ can improve behavior, cholinergic and autonomic nervous function in ovariectomized (OVX) cholesterol-fed rabbits. OVX rabbits on high-cholesterol diet were administered with RJ for 12 weeks. The results showed that RJ could significantly improve the behavioral deficits of OVX cholesterol-fed rabbits and image structure of the brain. RJ reduced body weight, blood lipid, as well as the levels of amyloid-beta (Aβ), acetylcholinesterase (AchE), and malonaldehyde (MDA) in the brain. Moreover, RJ also increased the activities of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the brain, and enhanced heart rate variability (HRV) and Baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) in OVX cholesterol-fed rabbits. Furthermore, RJ was also shown to reduce the content of Evans blue and the expression levels of Aβ, beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1(BACE1), and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), and increase the expression level of LDL(low density lipoprotein) receptor-related protein 1 (LRP-1) in the brain. Our findings suggested that RJ has beneficial effects in neurological disorders of postmenopausal women, which were associated with reducing cholesterol and Aβ deposition, enhancing the estrogen levels and the activities of cholinergic and antioxidant systems, and ameliorating the blood⁻brain barrier (BBB) permeability and restoring autonomic nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Pan
- Comparative medical Research Institute, Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jianqin Xu
- Comparative medical Research Institute, Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Ping Jin
- The third clinical medical college, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Qinqin Yang
- Comparative medical Research Institute, Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Keyan Zhu
- Comparative medical Research Institute, Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Mengmeng You
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Minli Chen
- Comparative medical Research Institute, Experimental Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Fuliang Hu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Muhammad T, Ikram M, Ullah R, Rehman SU, Kim MO. Hesperetin, a Citrus Flavonoid, Attenuates LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation, Apoptosis and Memory Impairments by Modulating TLR4/NF-κB Signaling. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030648. [PMID: 30884890 PMCID: PMC6471991 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial activation and neuroinflammation play significant roles in apoptosis as well as in the development of cognitive and memory deficits. Neuroinflammation is also a critical feature in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer and Parkinson’s diseases. Previously, hesperetin has been shown to be an effective antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. In the present study, in vivo and in vitro analyses were performed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of hesperetin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, neuronal apoptosis and memory impairments. Based on our findings, LPS treatment resulted in microglial activation and astrocytosis and elevated the expression of inflammatory mediators such as phosphorylated-Nuclear factor-κB (p-NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the cortical and hippocampal regions and in BV2 cells. However, hesperetin cotreatment markedly reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines by ameliorating Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4)-mediated ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1/glial fibrillary acidic protein (Iba-1/GFAP) expression. Similarly, hesperetin attenuated LPS-induced generation of reactive oxygen species/lipid per oxidation (ROS/LPO) and improved the antioxidant protein level such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Haem-oxygenase (HO-1) in the mouse brain. Additionally, hesperetin ameliorated cytotoxicity and ROS/LPO induced by LPS in HT-22 cells. Moreover, hesperetin rescued LPS-induced neuronal apoptosis by reducing the expression of phosphorylated-c-Jun N-terminal kinases (p-JNK), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein (Bax), and Caspase-3 protein and promoting the Bcl-2 protein level. Furthermore, hesperetin enhanced synaptic integrity, cognition, and memory processes by enhancing the phosphorylated-cAMP response element binding protein (p-CREB), postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95), and Syntaxin. Overall, our preclinical study suggests that hesperetin conferred neuroprotection by regulating the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway against the detrimental effects of LPS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Muhammad
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Muhammad Ikram
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Rahat Ullah
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Shafiq Ur Rehman
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| | - Myeong Ok Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Yan W, Wu J, Song B, Luo Q, Xu Y. Treatment with a brain-selective prodrug of 17β-estradiol improves cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease mice by regulating klf5-NF-κB pathway. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 392:879-886. [PMID: 30879099 PMCID: PMC7260153 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01639-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
10β,17β-dihydroxyestra-1,4-dien-3-one (DHED) which is a brain-selective prodrug of 17β-estradiol has been reported to improve the cognitive function in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) mice model. However, little is known about the potential mechanism for cognitive improvement. In the present study, we used AD mice to investigate the effects and mechanisms of DHED treatment. Female Tg2576 transgenic AD mice were ovariectomized and then treated by implanting Alzet osmotic minipumps containing DHED or vehicle subcutaneously for 8 weeks. Consistent with previous report, DHED treatment ameliorated cognitive function of AD mice with decreasing Aβ levels in the hippocampus. Besides, we also found DHED treatment could reduce oxidative and inflammatory stress and the level of p-tau. The mechanisms underlying the cognitive function improvement may be linked with estrogen receptor (ER)-klf5-NF-κB pathway, demonstrated by decreased expression of klf5 and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. However, the effects of DHED treatment could be reversed when ERα was inhibited by ICI182780. Taken together, our findings uncovered a new mechanism for DHED to improve the cognitive function of AD mice and may provide a viable therapy to treat AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Hospital of Peking University, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Qiang Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yuming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kim GH, Baek HK, Lee JS, Kim SJ, Yi SS. Chronic Oral Administration of Tenebrio molitor Extract Exhibits Inhibitory Effect on Glucocorticoid Receptor Overexpression in the Hippocampus of Ovariectomy-Induced Estrogen Deficient Mice. J Food Sci 2019; 84:687-694. [PMID: 30714630 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that estrogen deficiency in female disrupts systemic endocrinologic regulatory mechanisms, finally leading to osteoporotic condition. Estrogen deficiency also down-regulates brain functions due to its deficits of its original roles in a number of neurological events. Therefore, it is necessary to find alternative materials that can prevent osteoporotic condition and maintain normal brain functions to correct such hormone deficiency. In the present study, we found that novel compounds originated from larvae of Tenebrio molitor (TM) possessed anti-osteoporotic effect. They could also prevent abnormal progressive brain function by deaccelerating enhanced HPA-axis negative feedback while maintaining neurogenesis in hippocampus. We daily administered TM to ovariectomized (OVX) ddY mice for 4 weeks and then performed histological and hormonal evaluations for its anti-osteoporotic effects. In addition, we investigated glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression and neuroblast expression (DCX) in the hippocampal dentate gyrus morphologically by immunohistochemistry analysis. According to our results, TM has anti-osteoporotic effects. It also tends to bring interfered brain environment back to normal condition. These results suggest that TM might have anti-osteoporosis effect and enhancing effects on enrichment of environment in brain by being antidestroyed hormonal deficiency simultaneously. This is the first study to report that TM can be used as source of bioactive substance to prevent decreased neurogenesis and impaired HPA axis driven by high GR expression in the hippocampus in hormonal deficient female animals. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Anti-osteoporosis effect and stress resistance due to improved brain function caused by the ingestion of Tenebrio molitor extract were observed in postmenopausal women. T. molitor is available as a nutritional supplement for bone and brain health, which menopausal women need most.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gwang-Ho Kim
- Dept. of Biomedical Lab. Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang Univ., Asan, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Kyung Baek
- Dept. of Biomedical Lab. Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang Univ., Asan, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Suk Lee
- Biocenter, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator (GBSA), Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jo Kim
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Hoseo Univ., Asan, 31499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Shin Yi
- Dept. of Biomedical Lab. Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang Univ., Asan, 31538, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Dong SQ, Zhang QP, Zhu JX, Chen M, Li CF, Liu Q, Geng D, Yi LT. Gypenosides reverses depressive behavior via inhibiting hippocampal neuroinflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:1153-1160. [PMID: 30119182 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gypenosides, a saponins extract isolated from the Gynostemma pentaphyllum plant, produces neuroprotective effects in the brain. Our previous studies have shown that hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-TrkB signaling was involved in the antidepressant-like effects of gypenosides. It remains unknown whether gypenosides could alleviate neuroinflammation in depressive-like animals. The aim of the present study was to address this issue in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Gypenosides was administrated for four weeks, followed by sucrose preference test and tail suspension test, which were performed to evaluate the effects of gypenosides. The results showed that gypenosides reversed both the decreased sucrose preference and increased immobility time in CUMS mice. In addition, gypenosides also attenuated the increase of pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the hippocampus of CUMS animals. Furthermore, the activation of NF-κB, as well as its upstream mediators IKKα and IKKβ were inhibited by gypenosides. Last but not the least, CUMS promoted the activation of microglia, while gypenosides suppressed it according to the reduced number of iba1 positive cells. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that gypenosides exhibits the antidepressant-like effects in mice, which may be mediated by the inhibition of microglia and NF-κB signaling in the hippocampus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Qi Dong
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian province, PR China
| | - Qiu-Ping Zhang
- Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen 361009, Fujian province, PR China
| | - Ji-Xiao Zhu
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi province, PR China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian province, PR China
| | - Cheng-Fu Li
- Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen 361009, Fujian province, PR China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian province, PR China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian province, PR China
| | - Di Geng
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian province, PR China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian province, PR China
| | - Li-Tao Yi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian province, PR China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian province, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|