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Yu P, Li Y, Fu W, Yu X, Sui D, Xu H, Sun W. Microglia Caspase11 non-canonical inflammasome drives fever. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14187. [PMID: 38864370 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
AIM Animals exhibit physiological changes designed to eliminate the perceived danger, provoking similar symptoms of fever. However, a high-grade fever indicates poor clinical outcomes. Caspase11 (Casp11) is involved in many inflammatory diseases. Whether Casp11 leads to fever remains unclear. In this study, we investigate the role of the preoptic area of the hypothalamus (PO/AH) microglia Casp11 in fever. METHODS We perform experiments using a rat model of LPS-induced fever. We measure body temperature and explore the functions of peripheral macrophages and PO/AH microglia in fever signaling by ELISA, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, macrophage depletion, protein blotting, and RNA-seq. Then, the effects of macrophages on microglia in a hyperthermic environment are observed in vitro. Finally, adeno-associated viruses are used to knockdown or overexpress microglia Casp11 in PO/AH to determine the role of Casp11 in fever. RESULTS We find peripheral macrophages and PO/AH microglia play important roles in the process of fever, which is proved by macrophage and microglia depletion. By RNA-seq analysis, we find Casp11 expression in PO/AH is significantly increased during fever. Co-culture and conditioned-culture simulate the induction of microglia Casp11 activation by macrophages in a non-contact manner. Microglia Casp11 knockdown decreases body temperature, pyrogenic factors, and inflammasome, and vice versa. CONCLUSION We report that Casp11 drives fever. Mechanistically, peripheral macrophages transmit immune signals via cytokines to microglia in PO/AH, which activate the Casp11 non-canonical inflammasome. Our findings identify a novel player, the microglia Casp11, in the control of fever, providing an explanation for the transmission and amplification of fever immune signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuangeng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenwen Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dayun Sui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huali Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weilun Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Liu R, Gong Y, Xia C, Cao Y, Zhao C, Zhou M. Itaconate: A promising precursor for treatment of neuroinflammation associated depression. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115521. [PMID: 37717531 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation triggers the production of inflammatory factors, influences neuron generation and synaptic plasticity, thus playing an important role in the pathogenesis of depression and becoming an important direction of depression prevention and treatment. Itaconate is a metabolite secreted by macrophages in immunomodulatory responses, that has potent immunomodulatory effects and has been proven to exert anti-inflammatory effects in a variety of diseases. Microglia are mononuclear macrophages that reside in the central nervous system (CNS), and may be the source of endogenous itaconate in the brain. Itaconate can directly inhibit succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), reduce the production of NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3), activate nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), and block glycolysis, and thereby improving the depressive symptoms associated with the above mechanisms. Notably, itaconate also indirectly ameliorates the depressive symptoms associated with some inflammatory diseases. With the optimization of the structure and the development of new delivery systems, the application value and therapeutic potential of itaconate have been significantly improved. Dimethyl itaconate (DI) and 4-octyl itaconate (4-OI), cell-permeable derivatives of itaconate, are more suitable for crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB), exhibiting therapeutic effects in the research of multiple diseases. This article provides an overview of the immunomodulatory effects of itaconate and its potential therapeutic efficacy in inflammatory depression, focusing on the promising application of itaconate as a precursor of antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruisi Liu
- Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yueling Gong
- Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chenyi Xia
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yemin Cao
- Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China.
| | - Mingmei Zhou
- Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Liu Y, Yuan Y, Yan Y, Wang R, Wang Z, Liu X, Zhang Y, Hua J, Wang Y, Zhao L. Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 alleviates hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in rats. Life Sci 2023; 325:121686. [PMID: 37030616 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Mitochondrial dysfunction is a critical pathological change in cerebral ischemia. Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 (MPC1) is a mitochondrial inner membrane protein carrier participating in pyruvate transport. The work is aiming to figure out the effect of MPC1 on cerebral ischemia. MAIN METHODS Bilateral internal carotid artery embolization (BICAO) rats model and cells model from oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) were used to simulate cerebral ischemia in vivo and in vitro. The effect of MPC1 on cerebral ischemia was detected by imaging, behavioral test, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy, Western blot and RT-Q-PCR. RNA-sequence (RNA-seq) was applied to explore the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the role of MPC1 in cerebral ischemia. KEY FINDING After BICAO or OGD/R treatment, MPC1 expression in ischemic cortical neurons was significantly decreased, and MPC1 deficiency significantly reduced cerebral blood flow, decreased locomotion activities, and exacerbated neuronal injury. Moreover, MPC1 deficiency obviously aggravated oxidative stress, structural disruption and dysfunction of mitochondria, autophagy and calcium overload of ischemic cortical neurons. Interestingly, MPC1 overexpression remarkably reversed neuronal loss and persisting neuronal deficits induced by OGD. Using RNA-seq, 38 MPC1-associated differentially expressed genes were involved in oxidative stress, autophagy and calcium overload. Our results further confirmed that MPC1 could alleviate autophagy via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in the ischemic cortical neurons. SIGNIFICANCE MPC1 may exert neuroprotective effects by attenuating oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, calcium overload and autophagy during cerebral ischemia. MPC1-related genes identified by RNA-seq may be a novel therapeutic target for cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Yan
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruyue Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyu Hua
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Yiew NKH, Finck BN. The mitochondrial pyruvate carrier at the crossroads of intermediary metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 323:E33-E52. [PMID: 35635330 PMCID: PMC9273276 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00074.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pyruvate metabolism, a central nexus of carbon homeostasis, is an evolutionarily conserved process and aberrant pyruvate metabolism is associated with and contributes to numerous human metabolic disorders including diabetes, cancer, and heart disease. As a product of glycolysis, pyruvate is primarily generated in the cytosol before being transported into the mitochondrion for further metabolism. Pyruvate entry into the mitochondrial matrix is a critical step for efficient generation of reducing equivalents and ATP and for the biosynthesis of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids from pyruvate. However, for many years, the identity of the carrier protein(s) that transported pyruvate into the mitochondrial matrix remained a mystery. In 2012, the molecular-genetic identification of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC), a heterodimeric complex composed of protein subunits MPC1 and MPC2, enabled studies that shed light on the many metabolic and physiological processes regulated by pyruvate metabolism. A better understanding of the mechanisms regulating pyruvate transport and the processes affected by pyruvate metabolism may enable novel therapeutics to modulate mitochondrial pyruvate flux to treat a variety of disorders. Herein, we review our current knowledge of the MPC, discuss recent advances in the understanding of mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism in various tissue and cell types, and address some of the outstanding questions relevant to this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole K H Yiew
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Brian N Finck
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Liu Z, Jiao Y, Yu T, Zhang Y, Liu D, Wang H, Xu Y, Guan Q, Lv T, Shu J. Effect of pediatric tuina on hypothalamic metabolites in young rabbits using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Neuroinflammation in Primary Cultures of the Rat Spinal Dorsal Horn Is Attenuated in the Presence of Adipose Tissue-Derived Medicinal Signalling Cells (AdMSCs) in a Co-cultivation Model. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:475-494. [PMID: 34716556 PMCID: PMC8786781 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02601-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation within the superficial dorsal horn (SDH) of the spinal cord induces inflammatory pain with symptoms of hyperalgesia and allodynia. Glial activation and production of inflammatory mediators (e.g. cytokines) is associated with modulation of nociceptive signalling. In this context, medicinal signalling cells, e.g. obtained from adipose tissue (AdMSCs), gained attention due to their capacity to modulate the inflammatory response in several diseases, e.g. spinal cord injury. We applied the recently established mixed neuroglial primary cell culture of the rat SDH to investigate effects of AdMSCs on the inflammatory response of SDH cells. Following establishment of a co-cultivation system, we performed specific bioassays for tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin (IL)-6, RT-qPCR and immunocytochemistry to detect changes in cytokine production and glial activation upon inflammatory stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS-induced expression and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-6) by SDH cells was significantly attenuated in the presence of AdMSCs. Further evidence for anti-inflammatory capacities of AdMSCs derived from a blunted LPS-induced TNFα/IL-10 expression ratio and suppressed nuclear translocation of the inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) in SDH microglial cells. Expression of IL-10, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and TNFα-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) was detected in AdMSCs, which are putative candidates for anti-inflammatory capacities of these cells. We present a novel co-cultivation system of AdMSCs with neuroglial primary cultures of the SDH to investigate immunomodulatory effects of AdMSCs at a cellular level.
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