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Floris G, Dabrowski KR, Zanda MT, Daws SE. Psilocybin reduces heroin seeking behavior and modulates inflammatory gene expression in the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex of male rats. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.28.596205. [PMID: 38854027 PMCID: PMC11160682 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.28.596205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Preclinical and human studies indicate psilocybin may reduce perseverant maladaptive behaviors, including nicotine and alcohol seeking. Such studies in the opioid field are lacking, though opioids are involved in more >50% of overdose deaths. Psilocybin is an agonist at the serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR), a well-documented target for modulation of drug seeking, and evidence suggests 5-HT2AR agonists may dampen motivation for opioids. We sought to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of psilocybin in mediating cessation of opioid use and maintenance of long-lasting abstinence from opioid seeking behavior in a rat model of heroin self-administration (SA). Psilocybin or 5-HT2AR antagonists ketanserin and volinanserin were administered systemically to rats prior to SA of 0.075 mg/kg/infusion of heroin, or relapse following forced abstinence. Psilocybin did not alter heroin taking, but a single exposure to 3.0 mg/kg psilocybin 4-24 hours prior to a relapse test blunted cue-induced heroin seeking. Conversely, 5-HT2AR antagonists exacerbated heroin relapse. To begin to elucidate mechanisms of psilocybin, drug-naïve rats received psilocybin and/or ketanserin, and tissue was collected from the prefrontal cortex (PFC), a region critical for drug seeking and responsive to psilocybin, 24 hours later for RNA-sequencing. 3.0 mg/kg psilocybin regulated ~2-fold more genes in the PFC than 1.0 mg/kg, including genes involved in the cytoskeleton and cytokine signaling. Ketanserin blocked >90% of psilocybin-regulated genes, including the IL-17a cytokine receptor, Il17ra. Psychedelic compounds have reported anti-inflammatory properties, and therefore we performed a gene expression array to measure chemokine/cytokine molecules in the PFC of animals that displayed psilocybin-mediated inhibition of heroin seeking. Psilocybin regulated 4 genes, including Il17a, and a subset of genes correlated with relapse behavior. Selective inhibition of PFC IL-17a was sufficient to reduce heroin relapse. We conclude that psilocybin reduces heroin relapse and highlight IL-17a signaling as a potential downstream pathway of psilocybin that also reduces heroin seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Floris
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Neural Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Konrad R Dabrowski
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Mary Tresa Zanda
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Neural Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Stephanie E Daws
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Neural Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA USA
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Bodnar RJ. Endogenous opiates and behavior: 2022. Peptides 2023; 169:171095. [PMID: 37704079 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper is the forty-fifth consecutive installment of the annual anthological review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system, summarizing articles published during 2022 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides and receptors as well as effects of opioid/opiate agonists and antagonists. The review is subdivided into the following specific topics: molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors (1), the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia in animals (2) and humans (3), opioid-sensitive and opioid-insensitive effects of nonopioid analgesics (4), opioid peptide and receptor involvement in tolerance and dependence (5), stress and social status (6), learning and memory (7), eating and drinking (8), drug abuse and alcohol (9), sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (10), mental illness and mood (11), seizures and neurologic disorders (12), electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (13), general activity and locomotion (14), gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (15), cardiovascular responses (16), respiration and thermoregulation (17), and immunological responses (18).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA.
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Rao J, Sun W, Wang X, Li J, Zhang Z, Zhou F. A novel role for astrocytic fragmented mitochondria in regulating morphine addiction. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 113:328-339. [PMID: 37543246 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic morphine exposure causes the development of addictive behaviors, accompanied by an increase in neuroinflammation in the central nervous system. While previous researches have shown that astrocytes contribute to brain diseases, the role of astrocyte in morphine addiction through induced neuroinflammation remain unexplored. Here we show that morphine-induced inflammation requires the crosstalk among neuron, astrocyte, and microglia. Specifically, astrocytes respond to morphine-induced neuronal activation by increasing glycolytic metabolism. The dysregulation of glycolysis leads to an increased in the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and causes excessive mitochondrial fragmentation in astrocytes. These fragmented, dysfunctional mitochondria are consequently released into extracellular environment, leading to activation of microglia and release of inflammatory cytokines. We also found that blocking the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide salvage pathway with FK866 could inhibit astrocytic glycolysis and restore the mitochondrial homeostasis and effectively attenuate neuroinflammatory responses. Importantly, FK866 reversed morphine-induced addictive behaviors in mice. In summary, our findings illustrate an essential role of astrocytic immunometabolism in morphine induced neural and behavioral plasticity, providing a novel insight into the interactions between neurons, astrocytes, and microglia in the brain affected by chronic morphine exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Weikang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xinran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jin Li
- Pain Department, Hainan Cancer Hospital, Haikou 570312, China
| | - Zhichun Zhang
- Pain Department, Hainan Cancer Hospital, Haikou 570312, China
| | - Feifan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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Bodnar RJ. Endogenous opiates and behavior: 2021. Peptides 2023; 164:171004. [PMID: 36990387 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
This paper is the forty-fourth consecutive installment of the annual anthological review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system, summarizing articles published during 2021 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides and receptors as well as effects of opioid/opiate agonizts and antagonists. The review is subdivided into the following specific topics: molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors (1), the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia in animals (2) and humans (3), opioid-sensitive and opioid-insensitive effects of nonopioid analgesics (4), opioid peptide and receptor involvement in tolerance and dependence (5), stress and social status (6), learning and memory (7), eating and drinking (8), drug abuse and alcohol (9), sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (10), mental illness and mood (11), seizures and neurologic disorders (12), electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (13), general activity and locomotion (14), gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (15), cardiovascular responses (16), respiration and thermoregulation (17), and immunological responses (18).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, CUNY, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, NY 11367, USA.
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Siemsen BM, Franco D, Lobo MK. Corticostriatal contributions to dysregulated motivated behaviors in stress, depression, and substance use disorders. Neurosci Res 2022:S0168-0102(22)00304-2. [PMID: 36565858 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Coordinated network activity, particularly in circuits arising from the prefrontal cortex innervating the ventral striatum, is crucial for normal processing of reward-related information which is perturbed in several psychiatric disorders characterized by dysregulated reward-related behaviors. Stress-induced depression and substance use disorders (SUDs) both share this common underlying pathology, manifested as deficits in perceived reward in depression, and increased attribution of positive valence to drug-predictive stimuli and dysfunctional cognition in SUDs. Here we review preclinical and clinical data that support dysregulation of motivated and reward-related behaviors as a core phenotype shared between these two disorders. We posit that altered processing of reward-related stimuli arises from dysregulated control of subcortical circuits by upstream regions implicated in executive control. Although multiple circuits are directly involved in reward processing, here we focus specifically on the role of corticostriatal circuit dysregulation. Moreover, we highlight the growing body of evidence indicating that such abnormalities may be due to heightened neuroimmune signaling by microglia, and that targeting the neuroimmune system may be a viable approach to treating this shared symptom.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniela Franco
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mary Kay Lobo
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Gaulden AD, McReynolds JR. A rock in the toll road: IRAK4 inhibition of TLR4-MyD88 signaling as potential treatment for addiction. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 104:74-75. [PMID: 35618228 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Gaulden
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jayme R McReynolds
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
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Liu J, Li JX, Wu R. Toll-Like Receptor 4: A Novel Target to Tackle Drug Addiction? Handb Exp Pharmacol 2022; 276:275-290. [PMID: 35434747 PMCID: PMC9829382 DOI: 10.1007/164_2022_586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Drug addiction is a chronic brain disease characterized by compulsive drug-seeking and drug-taking behaviors despite the major negative consequences. Current well-established neuronal underpinnings of drug addiction have promoted the substantial progress in understanding this disorder. However, non-neuronal mechanisms of drug addiction have long been underestimated. Fortunately, increased evidence indicates that neuroimmune system, especially Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling, plays an important role in the different stages of drug addiction. Drugs like opioids, psychostimulants, and alcohol activate TLR4 signaling and enhance the proinflammatory response, which is associated with drug reward-related behaviors. While extensive studies have shown that inhibition of TLR4 attenuated drug-related responses, there are conflicting findings implicating that TLR4 signaling may not be essential to drug addiction. In this chapter, preclinical and clinical studies will be discussed to further evaluate whether TLR4-based neuroimmune pharmacotherapy can be used to treat drug addiction. Furthermore, the possible mechanisms underlying the effects of TLR4 inhibition in modulating drug-related behaviors will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Liu
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun-Xu Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA,Corresponding authors: Dr. Jun-Xu Li, , Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 955 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214. Tel: +1 716 829 2482; Fax: +1 716 829 2801 And Dr. Ruyan Wu, , School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Ruyan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA,School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China,Corresponding authors: Dr. Jun-Xu Li, , Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 955 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14214. Tel: +1 716 829 2482; Fax: +1 716 829 2801 And Dr. Ruyan Wu, , School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
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