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Li YR, Zhou Y, Kramer A, Yang L. Engineering stem cells for cancer immunotherapy. Trends Cancer 2021; 7:1059-1073. [PMID: 34479851 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Engineering stem cells presents an attractive paradigm for cancer immunotherapy. Stem cells engineered to stably express various chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) or T-cell receptors (TCRs) against tumor-associated antigens are showing increasing promise in the treatment of solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. Stem cells engraft for long-term immune cell generation and serve as a sustained source of tumor-specific effector cells to maintain remissions. Furthermore, engineering stem cells provides 'off-the-shelf' cellular products, obviating the need for a personalized and patient-specific product that plagues current autologous cell therapies. Herein, we summarize recent progress of stem cell-engineered cancer therapies, and discuss the utility, impact, opportunities, and challenges of cellular engineering that may facilitate the translational and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ruide Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Adam Kramer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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2
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Hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy: The optimal use of lentivirus and gene editing approaches. Blood Rev 2019; 40:100641. [PMID: 31761379 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2019.100641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Due to pioneering in vitro investigations on gene modification, gene engineering platforms have incredibly improved to a safer and more powerful tool for the treatment of multiple blood and immune disorders. Likewise, several clinical trials have been initiated combining autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) with gene therapy (GT) tools. As several GT modalities such as lentivirus and gene editing tools have a long developmental path ahead to diminish its negative side effects, it is hard to decide which modality is optimal for treating a specific disease. Gene transfer by lentiviruses is the platform of choice for loss-of-mutation diseases, whereas gene correction/addition or gene disruption by gene editing tools, mainly CRISPR/Cas9, is likely to be more efficient in diseases where tight regulation is needed. Therefore, in this review, we compiled pertinent information about lentiviral gene transfer and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, their evolution to a safer platform for HSCT, and their applications on other types of gene disorders based on the etiology of the disease and cell fitness.
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3
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Pai SY, Notarangelo LD. Congenital Disorders of Lymphocyte Function. Hematology 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-35762-3.00051-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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4
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Larson SM, Truscott LC, Chiou TT, Patel A, Kao R, Tu A, Tyagi T, Lu X, Elashoff D, De Oliveira SN. Pre-clinical development of gene modification of haematopoietic stem cells with chimeric antigen receptors for cancer immunotherapy. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:1094-1104. [PMID: 28059624 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1268745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with refractory or recurrent B-lineage hematologic malignancies have less than 50% of chance of cure despite intensive therapy and innovative approaches are needed. We hypothesize that gene modification of haematopoietic stem cells (HSC) with an anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) will produce a multi-lineage, persistent immunotherapy against B-lineage malignancies that can be controlled by the HSVsr39TK suicide gene. High-titer third-generation self-inactivating lentiviral constructs were developed to deliver a second-generation CD19-specific CAR and the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase HSVsr39TK to provide a suicide gene to allow ablation of gene-modified cells if necessary. Human HSC were transduced with such lentiviral vectors and evaluated for function of both CAR and HSVsr39TK. Satisfactory transduction efficiency was achieved; the addition of the suicide gene did not impair CAR expression or antigen-specific cytotoxicity, and determined marked cytotoxicity to ganciclovir. NSG mice transplanted with gene-modified human HSC showed CAR expression not significantly different between transduced cells with or without HSVsr39TK, and expression of anti-CD19 CAR conferred anti-tumor survival advantage. Treatment with ganciclovir led to significant ablation of gene-modified cells in mouse tissues. Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is frequently part of the standard of care for patients with relapsed and refractory B cell malignancies; following HSC collection, a portion of the cells could be modified to express the CD19-specific CAR and give rise to a persistent, multi-cell lineage, HLA-independent immunotherapy, enhancing the graft-versus-malignancy activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Larson
- a Department of Internal Medicine , David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Laurel C Truscott
- b Department of Pediatrics , David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Tzu-Ting Chiou
- b Department of Pediatrics , David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Amie Patel
- c Western University of Health Sciences , Pomona , CA , USA
| | - Roy Kao
- b Department of Pediatrics , David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Andy Tu
- b Department of Pediatrics , David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Tulika Tyagi
- b Department of Pediatrics , David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Xiang Lu
- a Department of Internal Medicine , David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,d Clinical Translational Science Institute (CTSI), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - David Elashoff
- a Department of Internal Medicine , David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles , CA , USA.,d Clinical Translational Science Institute (CTSI), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Satiro N De Oliveira
- b Department of Pediatrics , David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles , CA , USA
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Russo R, Andolfo I, Iolascon A. Next generation research and therapy in red blood cell diseases. Haematologica 2016; 101:515-7. [PMID: 27132276 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2015.139238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Russo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy
| | - Immacolata Andolfo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy
| | - Achille Iolascon
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy
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6
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Baldwin K, Urbinati F, Romero Z, Campo-Fernandez B, Kaufman ML, Cooper AR, Masiuk K, Hollis RP, Kohn DB. Enrichment of human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells facilitates transduction for stem cell gene therapy. Stem Cells 2016; 33:1532-42. [PMID: 25588820 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Autologous hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy for sickle cell disease has the potential to treat this illness without the major immunological complications associated with allogeneic transplantation. However, transduction efficiency by β-globin lentiviral vectors using CD34-enriched cell populations is suboptimal and large vector production batches may be needed for clinical trials. Transducing a cell population more enriched for HSC could greatly reduce vector needs and, potentially, increase transduction efficiency. CD34(+) /CD38(-) cells, comprising ∼1%-3% of all CD34(+) cells, were isolated from healthy cord blood CD34(+) cells by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and transduced with a lentiviral vector expressing an antisickling form of beta-globin (CCL-β(AS3) -FB). Isolated CD34(+) /CD38(-) cells were able to generate progeny over an extended period of long-term culture (LTC) compared to the CD34(+) cells and required up to 40-fold less vector for transduction compared to bulk CD34(+) preparations containing an equivalent number of CD34(+) /CD38(-) cells. Transduction of isolated CD34(+) /CD38(-) cells was comparable to CD34(+) cells measured by quantitative PCR at day 14 with reduced vector needs, and average vector copy/cell remained higher over time for LTC initiated from CD34(+) /38(-) cells. Following in vitro erythroid differentiation, HBBAS3 mRNA expression was similar in cultures derived from CD34(+) /CD38(-) cells or unfractionated CD34(+) cells. In vivo studies showed equivalent engraftment of transduced CD34(+) /CD38(-) cells when transplanted in competition with 100-fold more CD34(+) /CD38(+) cells. This work provides initial evidence for the beneficial effects from isolating human CD34(+) /CD38(-) cells to use significantly less vector and potentially improve transduction for HSC gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kismet Baldwin
- Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Xin C, Zhao C, Yin X, Wu S, Su Z. Bioinformatics analysis of molecular mechanism of the expansion of hematopoietic stem cell transduced by HOXB4/HOXC4. Hematology 2016; 21:462-9. [PMID: 26923762 DOI: 10.1080/10245332.2015.1101978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Xin
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16, Jiangsu Road, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, 266003, P.R. China
- Department of Hematology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, No. 6, Jiankang Road, Jining City, Shandong Province, 272011, P.R. China
| | - Chunting Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16, Jiangsu Road, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, 266003, P.R. China
| | - Xiangcong Yin
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16, Jiangsu Road, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, 266003, P.R. China
| | - Shaoling Wu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16, Jiangsu Road, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, 266003, P.R. China
| | - Zhan Su
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16, Jiangsu Road, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, 266003, P.R. China
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Abstract
Gene therapy companies that pursue high, one-time payments for their products risk a backlash from payors. A better solution may lie in a pay-for-performance model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James M Wilson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Stroncek DF, Tran M, Frodigh SE, David-Ocampo V, Ren J, Larochelle A, Sheikh V, Sereti I, Miller JL, Longin K, Sabatino M. Preliminary evaluation of a highly automated instrument for the selection of CD34+ cells from mobilized peripheral blood stem cell concentrates. Transfusion 2015; 56:511-7. [PMID: 26505619 DOI: 10.1111/trf.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell selection is an important part of manufacturing cellular therapies. A new highly automated instrument, the CliniMACS Prodigy (Miltenyi Biotec), was evaluated for the selection of CD34+ cells from mobilized peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) concentrates using monoclonal antibodies conjugated to paramagnetic particles. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS PBSCs were collected by apheresis from 36 healthy subjects given granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) or G-CSF plus plerixafor. CD34+ cells from 11 PBSC concentrates were isolated with the automated CliniMACS Prodigy and 25 with the semiautomated CliniMACS Plus Instrument. RESULTS The proportion of CD34+ cells in the selected products obtained with the two instruments was similar: 93.6 ± 2.6% for the automated and 95.7 ± 3.3% for the semiautomated instrument (p > 0.05). The recovery of CD34+ cells from PBSC concentrates was less for the automated than the semiautomated instrument (51.4 ± 8.2% vs. 65.1 ± 15.7%; p = 0.019). The selected products from both instruments contained few and similar quantities of platelets (PLTs) and red blood cells. The depletion of CD3+ cells was less with the automated instrument (4.34 ± 0.2 log depletion vs. 5.20 ± 0.35 log depletion; p < 1 × 10(-6) ). Removal of PLTs from PBSC concentrates by washing was associated with better CD34+ cell recovery. We explored the reasons for lower CD34+ cell recovery by the Prodigy and found that the nonselected cells for the Prodigy contained more PLTs than those for the CliniMACS Plus. CONCLUSIONS CD34+ cells can be effectively selected from mobilized PBSC concentrates with the CliniMAC Prodigy, but the recovery of CD34+ cells and depletion of CD3+ cells was lower than with the semiautomated CliniMACS Plus Instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Stroncek
- Cell Processing Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center
| | - Minh Tran
- Cell Processing Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center
| | - Sue Ellen Frodigh
- Cell Processing Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center
| | | | - Jiaqiang Ren
- Cell Processing Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center
| | | | - Virginia Sheikh
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
| | - Irini Sereti
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
| | - Jeffery L Miller
- Molecular Genomics and Therapeutics Section, Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Marianna Sabatino
- Cell Processing Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center
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Greco R, Oliveira G, Stanghellini MTL, Vago L, Bondanza A, Peccatori J, Cieri N, Marktel S, Mastaglio S, Bordignon C, Bonini C, Ciceri F. Improving the safety of cell therapy with the TK-suicide gene. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:95. [PMID: 25999859 PMCID: PMC4419602 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While opening new frontiers for the cure of malignant and non-malignant diseases, the increasing use of cell therapy poses also several new challenges related to the safety of a living drug. The most effective and consolidated cell therapy approach is allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), the only cure for several patients with high-risk hematological malignancies. The potential of allogeneic HSCT is strictly dependent on the donor immune system, particularly on alloreactive T lymphocytes, that promote the beneficial graft-versus-tumor effect (GvT), but may also trigger the detrimental graft-versus-host-disease (GvHD). Gene transfer technologies allow to manipulate donor T-cells to enforce GvT and foster immune reconstitution, while avoiding or controlling GvHD. The suicide gene approach is based on the transfer of a suicide gene into donor lymphocytes, for a safe infusion of a wide T-cell repertoire, that might be selectively controlled in vivo in case of GvHD. The herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) is the suicide gene most extensively tested in humans. Expression of HSV-TK in donor lymphocytes confers lethal sensitivity to the anti-herpes drug, ganciclovir. Progressive improvements in suicide genes, vector technology and transduction protocols have allowed to overcome the toxicity of GvHD while preserving the antitumor efficacy of allogeneic HSCT. Several phase I-II clinical trials in the last 20 years document the safety and the efficacy of HSV-TK approach, able to maintain its clear value over the last decades, in the rapidly progressing horizon of cancer cellular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Greco
- Unit of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan Italy
| | - Giacomo Oliveira
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Program in Immunology and Bio-immunotherapy of Cancer, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Lupo Stanghellini
- Unit of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan Italy
| | - Luca Vago
- Unit of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan Italy ; Unit of Molecular and Functional Immunogenetics, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan Italy
| | - Attilio Bondanza
- Leukemia Immunotherapy Unit, Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan Italy
| | - Jacopo Peccatori
- Unit of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan Italy
| | - Nicoletta Cieri
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Program in Immunology and Bio-immunotherapy of Cancer, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan Italy
| | - Sarah Marktel
- Unit of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan Italy
| | - Sara Mastaglio
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Program in Immunology and Bio-immunotherapy of Cancer, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan Italy
| | | | - Chiara Bonini
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Program in Immunology and Bio-immunotherapy of Cancer, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan Italy
| | - Fabio Ciceri
- Unit of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan Italy
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11
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Sankaran VG, Weiss MJ. Anemia: progress in molecular mechanisms and therapies. Nat Med 2015; 21:221-30. [PMID: 25742458 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Anemia is a major source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Here we review recent insights into how red blood cells (RBCs) are produced, the pathogenic mechanisms underlying various forms of anemia, and novel therapies derived from these findings. It is likely that these new insights, mainly arising from basic scientific studies, will contribute immensely to both the understanding of frequently debilitating forms of anemia and the ability to treat affected patients. Major worldwide diseases that are likely to benefit from new advances include the hemoglobinopathies (β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease); rare genetic disorders of RBC production; and anemias associated with chronic kidney disease, inflammation, and cancer. Promising new approaches to treatment include drugs that target recently defined pathways in RBC production, iron metabolism, and fetal globin-family gene expression, as well as gene therapies that use improved viral vectors and newly developed genome editing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay G Sankaran
- 1] Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mitchell J Weiss
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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Genetic engineering of hematopoietic stem cells to generate invariant natural killer T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:1523-8. [PMID: 25605948 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1424877112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells comprise a small population of αβ T lymphocytes. They bridge the innate and adaptive immune systems and mediate strong and rapid responses to many diseases, including cancer, infections, allergies, and autoimmunity. However, the study of iNKT cell biology and the therapeutic applications of these cells are greatly limited by their small numbers in vivo (∼0.01-1% in mouse and human blood). Here, we report a new method to generate large numbers of iNKT cells in mice through T-cell receptor (TCR) gene engineering of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). We showed that iNKT TCR-engineered HSCs could generate a clonal population of iNKT cells. These HSC-engineered iNKT cells displayed the typical iNKT cell phenotype and functionality. They followed a two-stage developmental path, first in thymus and then in the periphery, resembling that of endogenous iNKT cells. When tested in a mouse melanoma lung metastasis model, the HSC-engineered iNKT cells effectively protected mice from tumor metastasis. This method provides a powerful and high-throughput tool to investigate the in vivo development and functionality of clonal iNKT cells in mice. More importantly, this method takes advantage of the self-renewal and longevity of HSCs to generate a long-term supply of engineered iNKT cells, thus opening up a new avenue for iNKT cell-based immunotherapy.
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Saydaminova K, Ye X, Wang H, Richter M, Ho M, Chen H, Xu N, Kim JS, Papapetrou E, Holmes MC, Gregory PD, Palmer D, Ng P, Ehrhardt A, Lieber A. Efficient genome editing in hematopoietic stem cells with helper-dependent Ad5/35 vectors expressing site-specific endonucleases under microRNA regulation. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2015; 1:14057. [PMID: 26052525 PMCID: PMC4448996 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2014.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Genome editing with site-specific endonucleases has implications for basic biomedical research as well as for gene therapy. We generated helper-dependent, capsid-modified adenovirus (HD-Ad5/35) vectors for zinc-finger nuclease (ZFN)– or transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN)–mediated genome editing in human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from mobilized adult donors. The production of these vectors required that ZFN and TALEN expression in HD-Ad5/35 producer 293-Cre cells was suppressed. To do this, we developed a microRNA (miRNA)-based system for regulation of gene expression based on miRNA expression profiling of 293-Cre and CD34+ cells. Using miR-183-5p and miR-218-5p based regulation of transgene gene expression, we first produced an HD-Ad5/35 vector expressing a ZFN specific to the HIV coreceptor gene ccr5. We demonstrated that HD-Ad5/35.ZFNmiR vector conferred ccr5 knock out in primitive HSC (i.e., long-term culture initiating cells and NOD/SCID repopulating cells). The ccr5 gene disruption frequency achieved in engrafted HSCs found in the bone marrow of transplanted mice is clinically relevant for HIV therapy considering that these cells can give rise to multiple lineages, including all the lineages that represent targets and reservoirs for HIV. We produced a second HD-Ad5/35 vector expressing a TALEN targeting the DNase hypersensitivity region 2 (HS2) within the globin locus control region. This vector has potential for targeted gene correction in hemoglobinopathies. The miRNA regulated HD-Ad5/35 vector platform for expression of site-specific endonucleases has numerous advantages over currently used vectors as a tool for genome engineering of HSCs for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamola Saydaminova
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Xun Ye
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Maximilian Richter
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Martin Ho
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - HongZhuan Chen
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ning Xu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jin-Soo Kim
- National Creative Initiatives Center for Genome Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Eirini Papapetrou
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Donna Palmer
- Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Philip Ng
- Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - André Lieber
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, USA ; Department of Pathology, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, USA
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15
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Gschweng E, De Oliveira S, Kohn DB. Hematopoietic stem cells for cancer immunotherapy. Immunol Rev 2014; 257:237-49. [PMID: 24329801 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) provide an attractive target for immunotherapy of cancer and leukemia by the introduction of genes encoding T-cell receptors (TCRs) or chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) directed against tumor-associated antigens. HSCs engraft for long-term blood cell production and could provide a continuous source of targeted anti-cancer effector cells to sustain remissions. T cells produced de novo from HSCs may continuously replenish anti-tumor T cells that have become anergic or exhausted from ex vivo expansion or exposure to the intratumoral microenvironment. In addition, transgenic T cells produced in vivo undergo allelic exclusion, preventing co-expression of an endogenous TCR that could mis-pair with the introduced TCR chains and blunt activity or even cause off-target reactivity. CAR-engineered HSCs may produce myeloid and natural killer cells in addition to T cells expressing the CAR, providing broader anti-tumor activity that arises quickly after transplant and does not solely require de novo thymopoiesis. Use of TCR- or CAR-engineered HSCs would likely require cytoreductive conditioning to achieve long-term engraftment, and this approach may be used in clinical settings where autologous HSC transplant is being performed to add a graft-versus-tumor effect. Results of experimental and preclinical studies performed to date are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Gschweng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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De Oliveira SN, Ryan C, Giannoni F, Hardee CL, Tremcinska I, Katebian B, Wherley J, Sahaghian A, Tu A, Grogan T, Elashoff D, Cooper LJN, Hollis RP, Kohn DB. Modification of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells with CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptors as a novel approach for cancer immunotherapy. Hum Gene Ther 2014; 24:824-39. [PMID: 23978226 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2012.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) against CD19 have been shown to direct T-cells to specifically target B-lineage malignant cells in animal models and clinical trials, with efficient tumor cell lysis. However, in some cases, there has been insufficient persistence of effector cells, limiting clinical efficacy. We propose gene transfer to hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) as a novel approach to deliver the CD19-specific CAR, with potential for ensuring persistent production of effector cells of multiple lineages targeting B-lineage malignant cells. Assessments were performed using in vitro myeloid or natural killer (NK) cell differentiation of human HSPCs transduced with lentiviral vectors carrying first and second generations of CD19-specific CAR. Gene transfer did not impair hematopoietic differentiation and cell proliferation when transduced at 1-2 copies/cell. CAR-bearing myeloid and NK cells specifically lysed CD19-positive cells, with second-generation CAR including CD28 domains being more efficient in NK cells. Our results provide evidence for the feasibility and efficacy of the modification of HSPC with CAR as a strategy for generating multiple lineages of effector cells for immunotherapy against B-lineage malignancies to augment graft-versus-leukemia activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satiro Nakamura De Oliveira
- 1 Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California-Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA 90095
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17
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Griffith LM, Cowan MJ, Notarangelo LD, Kohn DB, Puck JM, Pai SY, Ballard B, Bauer SC, Bleesing JJH, Boyle M, Brower A, Buckley RH, van der Burg M, Burroughs LM, Candotti F, Cant AJ, Chatila T, Cunningham-Rundles C, Dinauer MC, Dvorak CC, Filipovich AH, Fleisher TA, Bobby Gaspar H, Gungor T, Haddad E, Hovermale E, Huang F, Hurley A, Hurley M, Iyengar S, Kang EM, Logan BR, Long-Boyle JR, Malech HL, McGhee SA, Modell F, Modell V, Ochs HD, O'Reilly RJ, Parkman R, Rawlings DJ, Routes JM, Shearer WT, Small TN, Smith H, Sullivan KE, Szabolcs P, Thrasher A, Torgerson TR, Veys P, Weinberg K, Zuniga-Pflucker JC. Primary Immune Deficiency Treatment Consortium (PIDTC) report. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 133:335-47. [PMID: 24139498 PMCID: PMC3960312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The Primary Immune Deficiency Treatment Consortium (PIDTC) is a network of 33 centers in North America that study the treatment of rare and severe primary immunodeficiency diseases. Current protocols address the natural history of patients treated for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, and chronic granulomatous disease through retrospective, prospective, and cross-sectional studies. The PIDTC additionally seeks to encourage training of junior investigators, establish partnerships with European and other International colleagues, work with patient advocacy groups to promote community awareness, and conduct pilot demonstration projects. Future goals include the conduct of prospective treatment studies to determine optimal therapies for primary immunodeficiency diseases. To date, the PIDTC has funded 2 pilot projects: newborn screening for SCID in Navajo Native Americans and B-cell reconstitution in patients with SCID after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Ten junior investigators have received grant awards. The PIDTC Annual Scientific Workshop has brought together consortium members, outside speakers, patient advocacy groups, and young investigators and trainees to report progress of the protocols and discuss common interests and goals, including new scientific developments and future directions of clinical research. Here we report the progress of the PIDTC to date, highlights of the first 2 PIDTC workshops, and consideration of future consortium objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M Griffith
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.
| | - Morton J Cowan
- Division of Allergy/Immunology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Division of Immunology, the Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Children's Hospital, and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Donald B Kohn
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Jennifer M Puck
- Division of Allergy/Immunology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Sung-Yun Pai
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | | | - Sarah C Bauer
- Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Jack J H Bleesing
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - Amy Brower
- Newborn Screening Translational Research Network, American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Bethesda, Md
| | - Rebecca H Buckley
- Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | | | - Lauri M Burroughs
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash
| | - Fabio Candotti
- Genetics & Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Andrew J Cant
- Pediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases and Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplant, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Talal Chatila
- Pediatric Allergy/Immunology, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | | | - Mary C Dinauer
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | - Christopher C Dvorak
- Division of Allergy/Immunology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics and UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Alexandra H Filipovich
- Pediatric Clinical Immunology, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Thomas A Fleisher
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Hubert Bobby Gaspar
- Pediatric Immunology, Center for Immunodeficiency, Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tayfun Gungor
- Pediatric Immunology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elie Haddad
- Pediatric Immunology, Mother and Child Ste-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Faith Huang
- Pediatric Allergy/Immunology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Alan Hurley
- Chronic Granulomatous Disease Association, San Marino, Calif
| | - Mary Hurley
- Chronic Granulomatous Disease Association, San Marino, Calif
| | | | - Elizabeth M Kang
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Brent R Logan
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research and Division of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis
| | - Janel R Long-Boyle
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Harry L Malech
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Sean A McGhee
- Pediatric Allergy/Immunology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif
| | | | | | - Hans D Ochs
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapy, Seattle Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash
| | - Richard J O'Reilly
- Pediatrics and Immunology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Robertson Parkman
- Division of Research Immunology/B.M.T., Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - David J Rawlings
- Pediatric Immunology, Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash
| | - John M Routes
- Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis
| | - William T Shearer
- Pediatric Allergy & Immunology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
| | - Trudy N Small
- Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Kathleen E Sullivan
- Pediatric Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Paul Szabolcs
- Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapies, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Adrian Thrasher
- Pediatric Immunology, Center for Immunodeficiency, Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Troy R Torgerson
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash
| | - Paul Veys
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth Weinberg
- Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Hematology/Oncology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
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18
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Larson S, De Oliveira SN. Gene-modified hematopoietic stem cells for cancer immunotherapy. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2014; 10:982-5. [PMID: 24398603 DOI: 10.4161/hv.27637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid expansion of available cancer immunotherapies has resulted in favorable early outcomes. Specifically the use of gene therapy to introduce chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) and T cell receptors (TCRs) in T cells creates new immunotherapy options for patients. While showing early success with these approaches, limitations remain that can be overcome by the use of modification of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to express CARs and TCRs. With modern gene therapy technologies, increased safety and control of the modification of the HSCs can be achieved through the use of a suicide gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Larson
- Department of Medicine; Division of Hematology/Oncology; David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles; Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Satiro N De Oliveira
- Department of Pediatrics; Division of Hematology/Oncology; David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles; Los Angeles, CA USA
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19
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Harley MN. Current Treatments and Prospective Therapies to Manage Sickle Cell Disease. Lab Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1309/lm383ucnpfohrjjy] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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20
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Nienhuis AW. Development of gene therapy for blood disorders: an update. Blood 2013; 122:1556-64. [PMID: 23843498 PMCID: PMC3757369 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-04-453209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This review addresses the current status of gene therapy for immunodeficiencies, chronic granulomatous disease, suicide gene therapy for graft-versus-host disease, viral infections, malignant hematologic disorders, hemophilia, and the hemoglobin disorders. New developments in vector design have fostered improved expression as well as enhanced safety, particularly of integrating retroviral vectors. Several immunodeficiencies have been treated successfully by stem cell-targeted, retroviral-mediated gene transfer with reconstitution of the immune system following infusion of the transduced cells. In a trial for hemophilia B, long-term expression of human FIX has been observed following adeno-associated viral vector-mediated gene transfer into the liver. This approach should be successful in treating any disorder in which liver production of a specific protein is therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur W Nienhuis
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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