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Mohty R, Al Kadhimi Z, Kharfan-Dabaja M. Post-transplant cyclophosphamide or cell selection in haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation? Hematology 2024; 29:2326384. [PMID: 38597828 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2024.2326384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One major limitation for broader applicability of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) in the past was the lack of HLA-matched histocompatible donors. Preclinical mouse studies using T-cell depleted haploidentical grafts led to an increased interest in the use of ex vivo T-cell depleted (TCD) haploidentical allo-HCT. TCD grafts through negative (T-cell depletion) or positive (CD34+ cell selection) techniques have been investigated to reduce the risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) given the known implications of alloreactive T cells. A more practical approach to deplete alloreactive T cells in vivo using high doses of cyclophosphamide after allografting has proved to be feasible in overcoming the HLA barrier. Such approach has extended allo-HCT feasibility to patients for whom donors could not be found in the past. Nowadays, haploidentical donors represent a common donor source for patients in need of an allo-HCT. The broad application of haploidentical donors became possible by understanding the importance of depleting alloreactive donor T cells to facilitate engraftment and reduce incidence and severity of GVHD. These techniques involve ex vivo graft manipulation or in vivo utilization of pharmacologic agents, notably post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy). DISCUSSION While acknowledging that no randomized controlled prospective studies have been yet conducted comparing TCD versus PTCy in haploidentical allo-HCT recipients, there are two advantages that would favor the PTCy, namely ease of application and lower cost. However, emerging data on adverse events associated with PTCy including, but not limited to cardiac associated toxicities or increased incidence of post-allograft infections, and others, are important to recognize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razan Mohty
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Zaid Al Kadhimi
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mohamed Kharfan-Dabaja
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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2
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Melica G, Preston E, Palazzo M, Seier K, Malard F, Cho C, Devlin SM, Maloy M, Borrill T, Maslak P, Shah GL, Perales MA. Immune reconstitution, vaccine responses, and rituximab use after ex-vivo CD34-selected myeloablative allogenic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2024; 59:625-629. [PMID: 38351281 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-024-02232-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Myeloablative T cell depleted (CD34-selected) hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is associated with less acute and chronic graft versus host disease (GVHD). We aimed to examine vaccine responses in relation to immune reconstitution and post HCT rituximab administration in this population. This single center retrospective study included 251 patients with hematological malignancies who received a first CD34-selected HCT between 2012 and 2015. Of 251 patients, 190 were alive 1 year after HCT. Among the entire population, 77 (30.7%) patients were vaccinated. After vaccine administration, 35/44 (80%), 30/75 (40%), 27/36 (75%), 33/65 (51%), 34/51 (51%), 22/28 (79%) and 20/34 (59%) of evaluable patients had protective antibody titers for haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib), Pneumococcus, Tetanus, Diphtheria, Pertussis, hepatitis A (HAV), and hepatitis B (HBV) respectively. Responders to the pneumococcal vaccine had a higher CD45RA T cell count than non responders, with 12/18 patients (66.7%) vs 11/32 (34.4%) p = 0.04. For pneumococcal vaccine, there was also a trend to higher total lymphocyte B cell count in responders vs non responders p = 0.06. Rituximab post HCT was given to 59/251 (23.5%) patients. No difference was found in immune reconstitution patterns for rituximab use between vaccine responders and not. Recipients of CD34-selected HCT may respond to vaccination, and T and B cell subsets could be useful to predict vaccine response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Melica
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Immunology, Henri Mondor Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Elaina Preston
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meighan Palazzo
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth Seier
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Florent Malard
- Department of Hematology, Saint Antoine Hospital, Paris, France ; INSERM UMRs 938, Paris, France, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Christina Cho
- Department of Hematology, Hackensack University Medical Center, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Sean M Devlin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Molly Maloy
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Taylor Borrill
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Maslak
- Department of Medicine and Pathology, Roswell Park Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Gunjan L Shah
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miguel-Angel Perales
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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3
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Malard F, Holler E, Sandmaier BM, Huang H, Mohty M. Acute graft-versus-host disease. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2023; 9:27. [PMID: 37291149 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-023-00438-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a common immune complication that can occur after allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT). Acute GVHD is a major health problem in these patients, and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Acute GVHD is caused by the recognition and the destruction of the recipient tissues and organs by the donor immune effector cells. This condition usually occurs within the first 3 months after alloHCT, but later onset is possible. Targeted organs include the skin, the lower and upper gastrointestinal tract and the liver. Diagnosis is mainly based on clinical examination, and complementary examinations are performed to exclude differential diagnoses. Preventive treatment for acute GVHD is administered to all patients who receive alloHCT, although it is not always effective. Steroids are used for first-line treatment, and the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) inhibitor ruxolitinib is second-line treatment. No validated treatments are available for acute GVHD that is refractory to steroids and ruxolitinib, and therefore it remains an unmet medical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Malard
- Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine INSERM UMRs938, Service d'Hématologie Clinique et de Thérapie Cellulaire, Hôpital Saint Antoine, AP-HP, Paris, France.
| | - Ernst Holler
- University Hospital of Regensburg, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Brenda M Sandmaier
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mohamad Mohty
- Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine INSERM UMRs938, Service d'Hématologie Clinique et de Thérapie Cellulaire, Hôpital Saint Antoine, AP-HP, Paris, France.
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4
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Hamilton BK, Cutler C, Divine C, Juckett M, LeMaistre C, Stewart S, Wilder J, Horowitz M, Khera N, Burns LJ. Are We Making PROGRESS in Preventing Graft-versus-Host Disease and Improving Clinical Outcomes? Impact of BMT CTN 1301 Study Results on Clinical Practice. Transplant Cell Ther 2022; 28:419-425. [PMID: 35550441 PMCID: PMC9364468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The need for prospective randomized clinical trials investigating novel graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prevention strategies that include other clinical outcomes impacted by GVHD has been highlighted as a priority for the field of hematopoietic cell transplantation. A recently completed study through the Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network (BMT CTN 1301) comparing CD34+ selection and post-transplantation cyclophosphamide with tacrolimus/methotrexate (Tac/MTX) for GVHD prevention demonstrated no significant differences in the primary endpoint of chronic GVHD relapse-free survival among the 3 approaches. The trial did not demonstrate a superior approach compared with Tac/MTX; however, it did highlight several challenges in determining the best and most relevant approaches to clinical trial design, particularly in the context of current and ongoing changes in real-world practices. Here we review the results of BMT CTN 1301 and their implications for clinical practice and future clinical trial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty K Hamilton
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
| | - Corey Cutler
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Clint Divine
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Mark Juckett
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Susan Stewart
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Information Network, Highland Park, Illinois
| | - Jennifer Wilder
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Mary Horowitz
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Nandita Khera
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Linda J Burns
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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5
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Alarcon Tomas A, Whiting K, Maloy M, Ruiz JD, Devlin S, Sanchez-Escamilla M, Yañez L, Castillo N, Pennisi M, Cho C, Shaffer B, Castro-Malaspina H, Klimek V, Giralt SA, Tamari R, Perales MA. The post-transplant scoring system (PTSS) is associated with outcomes in patients with MDS after CD34+selected allogeneic stem cell transplant. Bone Marrow Transplant 2021; 56:2749-2754. [PMID: 34253878 PMCID: PMC8273566 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-021-01392-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The post-transplant scoring system (PTSS), developed by the Francophone Society of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, is based on three independent post-transplant risk factors: grade of acute graft-versus-host disease, lack of platelet recovery before day 100, and relapse before day 100; discriminating low- (0), intermediate- (1–3), and high-risk (4–8) patients. We investigated the prognostic value of the PTSS in a cohort of patients with MDS who underwent myeloablative CD34-selected TCD transplants. From 2008 to 2018, 109 patients underwent a first TCD-HCT for MDS at our center. We used Cox proportional hazards models and different landmark analyses to evaluate the association of categorized PTSS score risk groups with overall survival (OS). Patients with an intermediate/ high risk PTSS score had decreased OS at day 180 (univariate HR 3.25 [95% CI 1.60, 6.60], p = 0.001) and at day 365 (univariate HR 5.42 [95% CI 2.21, 13.3], p < 0.001) compared to low risk PTSS scores. This association remained significant after adjusting for HCT-CI. PTSS score calculated at day 100 was not associated with OS, even after adjusting for HCT-CI subgroups. In summary, the PTSS predicted survival at day 180 and day 365 in recipients of T-cell-depleted allografts for myelodysplastic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Alarcon Tomas
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karissa Whiting
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Molly Maloy
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Josel D Ruiz
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sean Devlin
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miriam Sanchez-Escamilla
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain.,Department of Hematological Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation, Research Institute of Marques de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Lucrecia Yañez
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain.,Department of Hematological Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation, Research Institute of Marques de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Nerea Castillo
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martina Pennisi
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Christina Cho
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian Shaffer
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hugo Castro-Malaspina
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Virginia Klimek
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sergio A Giralt
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roni Tamari
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miguel-Angel Perales
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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6
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Diaz MA, Gasior M, Molina B, Pérez-Martínez A, González-Vicent M. "Ex-vivo" T-cell depletion in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: New clinical approaches for old challenges. Eur J Haematol 2021; 107:38-47. [PMID: 33899960 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic transplantation still remains as standard of care for patients with high-risk hematological malignancies at diagnosis or after relapse. However, GvHD remains yet as the most relevant clinical complication in the early post-transplant period. TCD allogeneic transplant is now considered a valid option to reduce severe GvHD and to provide a platform for cellular therapy to prevent relapse disease or to treat opportunistic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Diaz
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Infantil Universitario "Niño Jesus", Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Gasior
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Molina
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Infantil Universitario "Niño Jesus", Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Pérez-Martínez
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Stem cell Transplantation Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta González-Vicent
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Infantil Universitario "Niño Jesus", Madrid, Spain
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7
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Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for myelodysplastic syndrome in adolescent and young adult patients. Bone Marrow Transplant 2021; 56:2510-2517. [PMID: 33993196 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-021-01324-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only curable treatment option for adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). The study aim was to evaluate epidemiological data and identify prognostic factors for AYA patients with MDS undergoing allogeneic HSCT. Here, 645 patients were selected from patients enrolled in a multicenter prospective registry for HSCT from 2000 to 2015. The primary endpoint was 3-year overall survival (OS). Survival rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Prognostic factors were identified using the multivariable Cox proportional hazards model. The 3-year OS was 71.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 67.4-74.6%). In multivariable analysis, active disease status (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.09-2.18, p = 0.016), poor cytogenetic risk (1.62, 1.12-2.36, p = 0.011), poor performance status (2.01, 1.13-3.56, p = 0.016), human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched unrelated donors (2.23, 1.39-3.59, p < 0.001), HLA-mismatched unrelated donors (2.16, 1.09-4.28, p = 0.027), and cord blood transplantation (2.44, 1.43-4.17, p = 0.001) were significantly associated with poor 3-year OS. In conclusion, in AYA patients with MDS the 3-year OS following allogeneic HSCT was 71.2%. Active disease status, poor cytogenetic risk, poor performance status, and donor sources other than related donors were associated with poor 3-year OS.
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8
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Cho C, Hilden P, Avecilla ST, Barker JN, Castro-Malaspina H, Giralt SA, Gyurkocza B, Jakubowski AA, Maloy MA, O’Reilly RJ, Papadopoulos EB, Peled JU, Ponce DM, Shaffer B, Tamari R, van den Brink MRM, Young JW, Barba P, Perales MA. Combining the Disease Risk Index and Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Co-Morbidity Index provides a comprehensive prognostic model for CD34 +-selected allogeneic transplantation. ADVANCES IN CELL AND GENE THERAPY 2021; 4:e103. [PMID: 36339371 PMCID: PMC9634849 DOI: 10.1002/acg2.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED T cell depletion by CD34+ cell selection of hematopoietic stem cell allografts ex vivo reduces the incidence and severity of GvHD, without increased risk of relapse in patients with acute leukemia in remission or MDS. The optimal candidate for CD34+-selected HCT remains unknown, however. OBJECTIVE To determine outcomes based on both disease- and patient-specific factors, we evaluated a prognostic model combining the Disease Risk Index (DRI) and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Comorbidity Index (HCT-CI), an approach recently shown to predicted overall survival in a broad population of allograft recipients (1). METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of 506 adult recipients of first allogeneic HCT with CD34+ selected PBSCs from 7/8- or 8/8-matched donors for AML (n = 290), ALL (n = 72), or MDS (n = 144). The Kaplan-Meier method estimated OS and RFS. The cumulative incidence method for competing risks estimated relapse and non-relapse mortality (NRM). We evaluated the univariate association between variables of interest and OS and RFS using the log-rank test. Cox regression models assessed the adjusted effect of covariates on OS/RFS. RESULTS Stratification of patients based on a composite of DRI (low/intermediate vs. high/very high) and HCT-CI (0-2 vs. ≥ 3) revealed differences in OS and RFS between the 4 groups. Compared with reference groups of patients with low/intermediate DRI and low or high HCT-CI, those with high DRI had a greater risk of death (HR 2.30; 95% CI 1.39, 3.81) and relapse or death (HR 2.50; 95% CI 1.55, 4.05) than patients with any HCT-CI but low/intermediate DRI (HR death 1.80; 95% CI 1.34, 2.43; HR relapse/death 1.68; 95% CI 1.26, 2.24). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS A model combining DRI and HCT-CI predicted survival after CD34+ cell-selected HCT. Application of this combined model to other cohorts, both in retrospective analyses and prospective trials, will enhance clinical decision making and patient selection for different transplant approaches. DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author, C Cho. In order to protect the privacy of research participants, the data are not publicly available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Cho
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Patrick Hilden
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Scott T. Avecilla
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Juliet N. Barker
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Hugo Castro-Malaspina
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Sergio A. Giralt
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Boglarka Gyurkocza
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Ann A. Jakubowski
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Molly A. Maloy
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Richard J. O’Reilly
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
- Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Esperanza B. Papadopoulos
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Jonathan U. Peled
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Doris M. Ponce
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Brian Shaffer
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Roni Tamari
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Marcel R. M. van den Brink
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - James W. Young
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
- The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Pere Barba
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Vall d’Hebrón, Universitate Autònoma de Barcelona
| | - Miguel-Angel Perales
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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Graft-versus-host disease develops in mice transplanted with lymphocyte-depleted bone marrow cells from signal-transducing adaptor protein-2 transgenic mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 537:118-124. [PMID: 33388414 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.12.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is the most frequent complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and is one of the major causes of non-relapse mortality. Transferred mature lymphocytes are thought to be responsible for GVHD based on the findings that mice transplanted with lymphocyte-depleted bone marrow (BM) cells from MHC-mismatched donors do not develop GVHD. However, we found that overexpression of signal-transducing adaptor protein (STAP)-2 in lymphoid cells could induce GVHD after lymphocyte-depleted BM transplantation. To examine the function of STAP-2, which has been shown to play an important role in development and function of lymphocytes, in GVHD, we transplanted BM cells from STAP-2 deficient, or Lck promoter/IgH enhancer-driven STAP-2 transgenic (Tg) mice into MHC-mismatched recipients. Unexpectedly, mice transplanted with lymphocyte-depleted BM cells from STAP-2 Tg mice developed severe acute GVHD with extensive colitis and atrophy of thymus, while no obvious GVHD developed in mice transplanted with the wild type or STAP-2 deficient graft. Furthermore, mice transplanted with lymphocyte-depleted BM cells from the syngeneic STAP-2 Tg mice developed modest GVHD with colitis and atrophy of thymus. These results suggest that STAP-2 overexpression may enhance survival of allo-, and even auto-, reactive lymphocytes derived from engrafted hematopoietic progenitor cells in lethally irradiated mice, and that clarification of the mechanism may help understanding induction of immune tolerance after HSCT.
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10
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Martinez-Cibrian N, Zeiser R, Perez-Simon JA. Graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis: Pathophysiology-based review on current approaches and future directions. Blood Rev 2020; 48:100792. [PMID: 33386151 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) was first described in 1959, since then major efforts have been made in order to understand its physiopathology and animal models have played a key role. Three steps, involving different pathways, have been recognised in either acute and chronic GvHD, identifying them as two distinct entities. In order to reduce GvHD incidence and severity, prophylactic measures were added to transplant protocols. The combination of a calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) plus an antimetabolite remains the standard of care. Better knowledge of GvHD pathophysiology has moved this field forward and nowadays different drugs are being used on a daily basis. Improving GvHD prophylaxis is a major goal as it would translate into less non-relapse mortality and better overall survival. As compared to CNI plus methotrexate the combination of CNI plus mycophenolate mophetil (MMF) allows us to obtain similar results in terms of GvHD incidence but a lower toxicity rate in terms of neutropenia or mucositis. The use of ATG has been related to a lower risk of acute and chronic GvHD in prospective randomized trials as well as the use of posttransplant Cyclophosphamide, with no or marginal impact on overall survival but with an improvement in GvHD-relapse free survival (GRFS). The use of sirolimus has been related to a lower risk of acute GvHD and significantly influenced overall survival in one prospective randomized trial. Other prospective trials have evaluated the use of receptors such as CCR5 or α4β7 to avoid T-cells trafficking into GvHD target organs, cytokine blockers or immune check point agonists. Also, epigenetic modifiers have shown promising results in phase II trials. Attention should be paid to graft-versus-leukemia, infections and immune recovery before bringing new prophylactic strategies to clinical practice. Although the list of novel agents for GvHD prophylaxis is growing, randomized trials are still lacking for many of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Martinez-Cibrian
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS/CSIC/CIBERONC), Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jose A Perez-Simon
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS/CSIC/CIBERONC), Universidad de Sevilla, Spain.
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11
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Montoro J, Roldán E, Piñana JL, Barba P, Chorão P, Quintero A, Hernani R, Ortí G, Lorenzo JI, Balaguer-Roselló A, Salamero O, Fox L, Solves P, Gómez I, Guerreiro M, Hernández Boluda JC, Sanz G, Solano C, Sanz MÁ, Valcárcel D, Sanz J. Ex vivo T-cell depletion vs post-transplant cyclophosphamide, sirolimus, and mycophenolate mofetil as graft-vs-host disease prophylaxis for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Eur J Haematol 2020; 106:114-125. [PMID: 33025625 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy and safety of CD34+ selected ex vivo T-cell depletion (TCD) vs post-transplant cyclophosphamide, sirolimus, and mycophenolate mofetil (PTCy-Sir-MMF) as graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. METHODS We retrospectively included patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) with either TCD (n = 38) or PTCy-Sir-MMF (n = 91). RESULTS Cumulative incidence of neutrophil and platelet recovery was 92% vs 99% (P = .06) and 89% vs 97% (P = .3) in TCD and PTCy-Sir-MMF, respectively. Cumulative incidences of aGHVD grade II-IV, III-IV, and moderate to severe cGVHD were 11% vs 19% (P = .2), 3% vs 2% (P = .9), and 3% vs 36% (P < .001) in TCD and PTCy-Sir-MMF, respectively. The 2-year non-relapse mortality, relapse, disease-free and overall survival were 25% vs 8% (P = .01), 20% vs 16% (P = .2), 55% vs 76% (P = .004), 57% vs 83% (P = .004) for TCD and PTCy-Sir-MMF, respectively. Cumulative incidence of cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr infection requiring therapy was 76% vs 40% (P < .001) and 32% vs 0% (P < .001) in TCD and PTCy-Sir-MMF, respectively. PTCy-Sir-MMF platform showed faster T-cell reconstitution. CONCLUSIONS PTCy-Sir-MMF provides better survival outcomes but is associated with higher risk of cGVHD compared to TCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Montoro
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,CIBERONC, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Roldán
- Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebrón Institue of Oncology (VHIO), Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebrón, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Piñana
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,CIBERONC, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pere Barba
- Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebrón Institue of Oncology (VHIO), Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebrón, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Chorão
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Abdiel Quintero
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Hernani
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain
| | - Guillermo Ortí
- Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebrón Institue of Oncology (VHIO), Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebrón, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Lorenzo
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Olga Salamero
- Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebrón Institue of Oncology (VHIO), Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebrón, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Fox
- Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebrón Institue of Oncology (VHIO), Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebrón, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Solves
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Inés Gómez
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Guerreiro
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Hernández Boluda
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Guillermo Sanz
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Solano
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Sanz
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - David Valcárcel
- Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebrón Institue of Oncology (VHIO), Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebrón, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaime Sanz
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,CIBERONC, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Dessie G, Derbew Molla M, Shibabaw T, Ayelign B. Role of Stem-Cell Transplantation in Leukemia Treatment. Stem Cells Cloning 2020; 13:67-77. [PMID: 32982314 PMCID: PMC7493021 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s262880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) play a major role in advanced fields of regenerative medicine and other research areas. They are involved in the regeneration of damaged tissue or cells, due to their self-renewal characteristics. Tissue or cells can be damaged through a variety of diseases, including hematologic and nonhematologic malignancies. In regard to this, stem-cell transplantation is a cellular therapeutic approach to restore those impaired cells, tissue, or organs. SCs have a therapeutic potential in the application of stem-cell transplantation. Research has been focused mainly on the application of hematopoietic SCs for transplantation. Cord blood cells and human leukocyte antigen-haploidentical donors are considered optional sources of hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. On the other hand, pluripotent embryonic SCs and induced pluripotent SCs hold promise for advancement of stem-cell transplantation. In addition, nonhematopoietic mesenchymal SCs play their own significant role as a functional bone-marrow niche and in the management of graft-vs-host disease effects during the posttransplantation process. In this review, the role of different types of SCs is presented with regard to their application in SC transplantation. In addition to this, the therapeutic value of autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation is assessed with respect to different types of leukemia. Highly advanced and progressive scientific research has focused on the application of stem-cell transplantation on specific leukemia types. We evaluated and compared the therapeutic potential of SC transplantation with various forms of leukemia. This review aimed to focus on the application of SCs in the treatment of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gashaw Dessie
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Meseret Derbew Molla
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tewodros Shibabaw
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Birhanu Ayelign
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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13
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Ousia S, Kalra A, Williamson TS, Prokopishyn N, Dharmani-Khan P, Khan FM, Jimenez-Zepeda V, Jamani K, Duggan PR, Daly A, Russell JA, Storek J. Hematopoietic cell transplant outcomes after myeloablative conditioning with fludarabine, busulfan, low-dose total body irradiation, and rabbit antithymocyte globulin. Clin Transplant 2020; 34:e14018. [PMID: 32573834 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Optimal conditioning and graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis for hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) are unknown. Here, we report on outcomes after low toxicity, myeloablative conditioning consisting of fludarabine, busulfan, and 4 Gy total body irradiation, in combination with thymoglobulin and post-transplant methotrexate and cyclosporine. We retrospectively studied 700 patients with hematologic malignancies who received blood stem cells from 7 to 8/8 HLA-matched unrelated or related donors. Median follow-up of surviving patients was 5 years. At 5 years, overall survival (OS), relapse-free survival (RFS), and chronic GVHD/relapse-free survival (cGRFS) were 58%, 55%, and 40%. Risk factors for poor OS, RFS, and cGRFS were (1). high to very high disease risk index (DRI), (2). high recipient age, and (3). cytomegalovirus (CMV)-seropositive recipient with seronegative donor (D-R+). The latter risk factor applied particularly to patients with lymphoid malignancies. Neither donor other than HLA-matched sibling (7-8/8 unrelated) nor one HLA allele mismatch was risk factors for poor OS, RFS, or cGRFS. In conclusion, the above regimen results in excellent long-term outcomes. The outcomes are negatively impacted by older age, high or very high DRI, and CMV D-R+ serostatus, but not by donor unrelatedness or one HLA allele mismatch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Ousia
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amit Kalra
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Nicole Prokopishyn
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Poonam Dharmani-Khan
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Faisal M Khan
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Victor Jimenez-Zepeda
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kareem Jamani
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Peter R Duggan
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Andrew Daly
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - James A Russell
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jan Storek
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
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14
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Roldan E, Perales MA, Barba P. Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation with CD34+ Cell Selection. Clin Hematol Int 2019; 1:154-160. [PMID: 34595425 PMCID: PMC8432362 DOI: 10.2991/chi.d.190613.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of allogeneic stem cell transplant is hampered by the development of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) which has direct impact on treatment-related mortality and morbidity. As a result, T cell depletion through positive selection of CD34+ cells has emerged as a promising strategy to reduce acute and chronic GvHD in these patients. In this review, we summarize the main characteristics of allogeneic stem cell transplant with CD34+ cell selection including risks of graft failure, GvHD, infection, organ toxicity, and long-term survival. Moreover, we highlight future strategies to improve the results of this platform and to consolidate its use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Roldan
- Hematology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital-Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Pg. Vall Hebron 119, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Perales
- Adult BMT Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pere Barba
- Hematology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital-Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Pg. Vall Hebron 119, Barcelona, Spain
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15
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A Phase II Multicenter Study of the Addition of Azacitidine to Reduced-Intensity Conditioning Allogeneic Transplant for High-Risk Myelodysplasia (and Older Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia): Results of CALGB 100801 (Alliance). Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2019; 25:1984-1992. [PMID: 31212080 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Relapse remains the major cause of death in older patients transplanted for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in first complete remission or for patients with advanced myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) at any age. Conventional myeloablative conditioning followed by allogeneic blood or marrow transplantation is associated with significantly less relapse compared with reduced-intensity conditioning when performed in younger patients with AML or MDS, but the toxicity of this approach in older patients is prohibitive. We hypothesized that pharmacokinetic targeting to optimize busulfan (BU) exposure, combined with the administration of azacitidine (AZA) post-transplant would mitigate the risk of relapse while reducing nonrelapse mortality and ultimately improve progression-free survival (PFS). On this phase II multicenter study, 63 patients (40 unrelated donors and 23 matched related donors) received a uniform conditioning regimen consisting of fludarabine i.v. (days -7 to -3), BU targeted to a daily area under the curve (AUC) of 4000 μM/min (days -6 to -3) after the administration of a 25-mg/m2 i.v. test dose on 1 day between days -14 to -9, and antithymocyte globulin (days -6, -5, and -4 (2 doses for matched related donors and 3 for matched unrelated donors only). Beginning on days +42 to +90, all patients were planned to receive up to 6 monthly cycles of AZA at 32 mg/m2 subcutaneously for 5 days. The median age was 62 years (range, 44 to 74); 13 had AML and 50 had MDS; 87% of patients were within 20% of the target AUC based on a validation sample. Forty-one patients (65%) started AZA at a median of 61 days (range, 43 to 91) post-transplant, and 17 patients (41%) completed all 6 cycles of AZA. The cumulative incidence of nonrelapse mortality at 2 years was 33.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 22%-45%). The cumulative incidence of relapse was 25% (95% CI, 15%-37%) at 2 years. With a median follow-up of 58.9 months, the estimated PFS probability at 2 years and 5 years after transplantation was 41.2% (80% CI, 33.9%-49.9%) and 26.9% (80% CI, 20.4%-35.5%), respectively, for the entire group with a median PFS of 15.8 months (95% CI, 6.7 to 28.3). The probability of overall survival at 2 and 5 years was 45.7% (95% CI, 34.9%-59.9%) and 31.2% (95% CI, 21.3% to 45.8%), respectively, for the entire group with a median overall survival of 19.2 months (95% CI, 8.7 to 37.5). In summary, we demonstrated the feasibility of a novel reduced-intensity conditioning regimen with test dose BU targeted to an AUC of 4000 μM/min. The feasibility of AZA in this setting appears to be limited if applied to an unselected population of older hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients. (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01168219.).
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16
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Cho C, Perales MA. Expanding Therapeutic Opportunities for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: T Cell Depletion as a Model for the Targeted Allograft. Annu Rev Med 2019; 70:381-393. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-120617-041210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation is a fundamental part of the treatment of hematologic malignancies and marrow failure syndromes, but complications including graft-versus-host disease, prolonged immune deficiency and infection, and organ toxicities, as well as relapse, remain obstacles to improved overall survival. As the cellular characteristics of the allograft can exert significant impact on outcomes, the development of more strategically designed grafts represents a rich area for therapeutic intervention. We describe the use of ex vivo T cell–depleted grafts as a model for the targeted graft and review evolving knowledge and approaches for further refinement of allografts to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Cho
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA;,
| | - Miguel-Angel Perales
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA;,
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17
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Ohanian M, Rozovski U, Kanagal-Shamanna R, Abruzzo LV, Loghavi S, Kadia T, Futreal A, Bhalla K, Zuo Z, Huh YO, Post SM, Ruvolo P, Garcia-Manero G, Andreeff M, Kornblau S, Borthakur G, Hu P, Medeiros LJ, Takahashi K, Hornbaker MJ, Zhang J, Nogueras-González GM, Huang X, Verstovsek S, Estrov Z, Pierce S, Ravandi F, Kantarjian HM, Bueso-Ramos CE, Cortes JE. MYC protein expression is an important prognostic factor in acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2019; 60:37-48. [PMID: 29741984 PMCID: PMC6226369 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2018.1464158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
As new drugs targeting MYC show clinical activity in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), understanding MYC expression in AML is of critical importance. We assessed MYC protein expression by immunohistochemistry in bone marrow of patients with untreated AML (n = 265). Overall, 90% of patients demonstrated MYC overexpression and MYC immunopositivity ≤6% was associated with superior complete remission (CR) duration of 23 months versus 12 months for MYC immunopositivity >6% (p = .028). Among 241 patients at higher risk for relapse, including those ≥55 years of age and patients with intermediate- and high-risk AML, MYC immunopositivity ≤6% conferred significantly superior median overall survival (OS) (24 versus 13 months; p = .042), event-free survival (EFS) (14 versus 6 months; p = .048), and relapse-free survival (RFS) (25 versus 12 months; p = .024). The prognostic impact of MYC-immunopositivity was retained on multivariate analysis of OS, EFS, and RFS. We conclude that MYC immunopositivity is an important prognostic factor in patients with untreated AML, particularly those at higher risk for relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maro Ohanian
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Uri Rozovski
- Department of Hematology, Davidoff Cancer Center at Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Rashmi Kanagal-Shamanna
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Texas
| | - Lynne V. Abruzzo
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43202
| | - Sanam Loghavi
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Texas
| | - Tapan Kadia
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Andrew Futreal
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Kapil Bhalla
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhuang Zuo
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Texas
| | - Yang O. Huh
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Texas
| | - Sean M. Post
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Peter Ruvolo
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Guillermo Garcia-Manero
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Steven Kornblau
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gautam Borthakur
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Peter Hu
- School of Health Professions, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - L. Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Texas
| | - Koichi Takahashi
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Marisa J. Hornbaker
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Xuelin Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Srdan Verstovsek
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zeev Estrov
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sherry Pierce
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Farhad Ravandi
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hagop M. Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Carlos E. Bueso-Ramos
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Texas
| | - Jorge E. Cortes
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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18
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Abstract
Graft-versus-host (GVHD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). As donor T cells are recognized as key drivers of GVHD, some approaches to prevent GVHD have focused on T cell depletion of the allograft. In this review we summarize methods and outcomes of ex vivo T cell depleted (TCD) HCT with a focus on CD34+ selection. This platform is efficacious in preventing acute and chronic GVHD across a wide range of hematologic malignancies, and with the exception of chronic myeloid leukemia, is not associated with adverse relapse or survival outcomes compared to conventional GVHD prophylaxis platforms. In retrospective comparisons recipients of CD34+ selected HCT have higher rates of GVHD-free relapse-free survival (GRFS) than conventional HCT counterparts. Although CD34+ selected allografts require myeloablative and antithymocyte-globulin based conditioning to support engraftment, abrogation of calcineurin inhibitors and methotrexate in this approach reduces its toxicity such that it can be considered in select older and more comorbid patients who could benefit from ablative HCT. A trial comparing GVHD prophylaxis regimens (BMT CTN 1301, NCT02345850) has completed accrual and will be the first to compare CD34+ selected HCT with conventional HCT in a randomized prospective setting. Its findings have potential to establish CD34+ selected HCT as a new standard-of-care platform for GVHD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Bryant
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Miguel-Angel Perales
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10021, USA
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19
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Ex vivo and in vivo T cell-depleted allogeneic stem cell transplantation in patients with acute myeloid leukemia in first complete remission resulted in similar overall survival: on behalf of the ALWP of the EBMT and the MSKCC. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:127. [PMID: 30342553 PMCID: PMC6195954 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0668-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is one of the leading causes of non-relapse mortality and morbidity after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Methods We evaluated the outcomes of two well-established strategies used for GVHD prevention: in vivo T cell depletion using antithymocyte globulin (ATG) and ex vivo T cell depletion using a CD34-selected (CD34+) graft. A total of 525 adult patients (363 ATG, 162 CD34+) with intermediate or high-risk cytogenetics acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in first complete remission (CR1) were included. Patients underwent myeloablative allo-HCT using matched related or unrelated donors. Results Two-year overall survival estimate was 69.9% (95% CI, 58.5–69.4) in the ATG group and 67.6% (95% CI, 60.3–74.9) in the CD34+ group (p = 0.31). The cumulative incidence of grade II–IV acute GVHD and chronic GVHD was higher in the ATG cohort [HR 2.0 (95% CI 1.1–3.7), p = 0.02; HR 15.1 (95% CI 5.3–42.2), p < 0.0001]. Parameters associated with a lower GVHD-free relapse-free survival (GRFS) were ATG [HR 1.6 (95% CI 1.1–2.2), p = 0.006], adverse cytogenetic [HR 1.7 (95% CI 1.3–2.2), p = 0.0004], and the use of an unrelated donor [HR 1.4 (95% CI 1.0–1.9), p = 0.02]. There were no statistical differences between ATG and CD34+ in terms of relapse [HR 1.52 (95% CI 0.96–2.42), p = 0.07], non-relapse mortality [HR 0.96 (95% CI 0.54–1.74), p = 0.90], overall survival [HR 1.43 (95% CI 0.97–2.11), p = 0.07], and leukemia-free survival [HR 1.25 (95% CI 0.88–1.78), p = 0.21]. Significantly, more deaths related to infection occurred in the CD34+ group (16/52 vs. 19/112, p = 0.04). Conclusions These data suggest that both ex vivo CD34-selected and in vivo ATG T cell depletion are associated with a rather high OS and should be compared in a prospective randomized trial. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13045-018-0668-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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