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Mitazaki S, Nakagawasai O, Onogi H, Watanabe K, Takahashi K, Tan-No K, Quirion R, Srivastava LK, Tadano T. Role of prefrontal cortical 5-HT2A receptors and serotonin transporter in the behavioral deficits in post-pubertal rats following neonatal lesion of the ventral hippocampus. Behav Brain Res 2020; 377:112226. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Andrade TGCSD, Silva JVDS, Batistela MF, Frei F, Sant'Ana AB. Interaction between estradiol and 5-HT 1A receptors in the median raphe nucleus on acquisition of aversive information and association to the context in ovariectomized rats. Neurobiol Stress 2017. [PMID: 28626786 PMCID: PMC5470534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The median raphe nucleus (MRN) is related to stress resistance and defensive responses, a crucial source of serotonergic neurons that project to prosencephalic structures related to stress and anxiety. Estrogen receptors were identified in this mesencephalic structure. It is possible that the estrogen action is related to serotonin effect on somatodendritic 5-HT1A receptors, inhibiting the function of serotonergic neurons and thus preventing of the stress effect and inducing anxiolysis. So, in order to evaluate these aspects, female Wistar rats were ovariectomized and 21 days later were given a direct microinjection of estradiol benzoate (EB) (1200 ng) into the MRN, preceded by microinjections of saline or WAY100.635 (100 ng), a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist. Immediately after the two microinjections, the ovariectomized rats were conditioned with an aversive event (foot shock) session in a Skinner box. Twenty-four hours later, they were exposed to the same context in a test session for 5 min for behavioral assessment: freezing, rearing, locomotion, grooming, and autonomic responses (fecal boluses and micturition). EB microinjection in the MRN prior to the exposure of animals to the foot shocks in the conditioning session did not alter their behavior in this session, but neutralized the association of the aversive experience to the context: there was a decrease in the expression of freezing and an increased rearing activity in the test session. This effect was reversed by prior microinjection of WAY100.635. In conclusion, EB acted on serotonergic neurons in the MRN of the ovariectomized rats, impairing the association of the aversive experience to the context, by co-modulating the functionality of somatodendritic 5-HT1A.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fernando Frei
- UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, FCL, Department of Biological Science, Avenida Dom Antonio, 2100, 19.806-900 Assis, São Paulo, Brazil
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The role of serotonin in drug use and addiction. Behav Brain Res 2014; 277:146-92. [PMID: 24769172 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of psychoactive drugs is a wide spread behaviour in human societies. The systematic use of a drug requires the establishment of different drug use-associated behaviours which need to be learned and controlled. However, controlled drug use may develop into compulsive drug use and addiction, a major psychiatric disorder with severe consequences for the individual and society. Here we review the role of the serotonergic (5-HT) system in the establishment of drug use-associated behaviours on the one hand and the transition and maintenance of addiction on the other hand for the drugs: cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA (ecstasy), morphine/heroin, cannabis, alcohol, and nicotine. Results show a crucial, but distinct involvement of the 5-HT system in both processes with considerable overlap between psychostimulant and opioidergic drugs and alcohol. A new functional model suggests specific adaptations in the 5-HT system, which coincide with the establishment of controlled drug use-associated behaviours. These serotonergic adaptations render the nervous system susceptible to the transition to compulsive drug use behaviours and often overlap with genetic risk factors for addiction. Altogether we suggest a new trajectory by which serotonergic neuroadaptations induced by first drug exposure pave the way for the establishment of addiction.
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Tran L, Lasher BK, Young KA, Keele NB. Depletion of serotonin in the basolateral amygdala elevates glutamate receptors and facilitates fear-potentiated startle. Transl Psychiatry 2013; 3:e298. [PMID: 24002084 PMCID: PMC3784761 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2013.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous experiments demonstrated that systemic depletion of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), similar to levels reported in patients with emotional disorders, enhanced glutamateric activity in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala (LA) and potentiated fear behaviors. However, the effects of isolated depletion of 5-HT in the LA, and the molecular mechanisms underlying enhanced glutamatergic activity are unknown. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that depletion of 5-HT in the LA induces increased fear behavior, and concomitantly enhances glutamate receptor (GluR) expression. Bilateral infusions of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (4 μg per side) into the LA produced a regional reduction of serotonergic fibers, resulting in decreased 5-HT concentrations. The induction of low 5-HT in the LA elevated fear-potentiated startle, with a parallel increase in GluR1 mRNA and GluR1 protein expression. These findings suggest that low 5-HT concentrations in the LA may facilitate fear behavior through enhanced GluR-mediated mechanisms. Moreover, our data support a relationship between 5-HT and glutamate in psychopathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tran
- Institute for Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - B K Lasher
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - K A Young
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA
- Neuropsychiatry Research Program, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA
| | - N B Keele
- Institute for Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
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Salum C, Issy AC, Brandão ML, Guimarães FS, Bel EAD. Nitric oxide modulates dopaminergic regulation of prepulse inhibition in the basolateral amygdala. J Psychopharmacol 2011; 25:1639-48. [PMID: 20837567 DOI: 10.1177/0269881110379282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Systemic injection of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (LNO) prevents the disruptive effect of amphetamine (Amph) on prepulse inhibition (PPI), a sensorimotor gating model in which the amplitude of the acoustic startle response (ASR) to a startling sound (pulse) is reduced when preceded immediately by a weaker stimulus (prepulse). Given that dopamine (DA) projections to the basolateral amygdala (BLA) are involved in the control of information processing, our aim was to investigate if intra-BLA administration of LNO would modify the disruption caused by the DA agonists, Amph, apomorphine (Apo) and quinpirole (QNP), on PPI. Male Wistar rats received bilateral intra-BLA microinjections (0.2 µL/min/side) of combined treatments (saline or LNO 11 µg followed by saline, QNP 3 µg, Apo 10 µg or Amph 30 µg). PPI was disrupted by intra-BLA Apo, QNP or Amph but not by LNO. Prior bilateral intra-BLA injection of LNO prevented the Apo- and QNP-induced disruption of PPI but did not affect that caused by Amph. APO- or QNP-induced increases in ASR to prepulse + pulse were also restored by LNO. Since local inhibition of NO formation affected the effects of direct, but not indirect, DA agonists, the results suggest that this modulation is not occurring at the level of DA release but may involve complex interactions with other neurotransmitter systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Salum
- Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Núcleo de Cognição e Sistemas Complexos, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Kołomańska P, Wyszogrodzka E, Rok-Bujko P, Krząścik P, Kostowski W, Zaniewska M, Filip M, Roman S. Neonatal serotonin (5-HT) depletion does not disrupt prepulse inhibition of the startle response in rats. Pharmacol Rep 2011; 63:1077-84. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(11)70626-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Revised: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Onogi H, Nakagawasai O, Sato A, Mitazaki S, Nakaya K, Watanabe K, Niijima-Yaoita F, Tan-No K, Arai Y, Kikuchi T, Tadano T. p-Hydroxyamphetamine causes prepulse inhibition disruption in mice: contribution of serotonin neurotransmission. Behav Brain Res 2011; 224:159-65. [PMID: 21689684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 05/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
p-Hydroxyamphetamine (p-OHA) has been shown to have a number of pharmacological actions, including causing abnormal behaviors such as increased locomotor activity and head-twitch response in rodents. We have recently reported that intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of p-OHA dose-dependently induces prepulse inhibition (PPI) disruption in mice, which is attenuated by pretreatment with haloperidol, clozapine or several dopaminergic agents. Haloperidol and clozapine have affinities for serotonergic (especially 5-HT(2A)) receptors. To investigate the involvement of the central serotonergic systems in p-OHA-induced PPI disruption, herein we tested several serotonergic agents to determine their effects on p-OHA-induced PPI disruption. p-OHA-induced PPI disruption was attenuated by pretreatment with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT, a neurotoxin which targets serotonin-containing neurons) and p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, a serotonin synthesis inhibitor). p-OHA-induced PPI disruption was also attenuated by pretreatment with ketanserin (a 5-HT(2A/2C) receptor antagonist) and MDL100,907 (a selective 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonist). These data suggest that p-OHA-induced PPI disruption may involve increased serotonin release into the synaptic cleft, which then interacts with the post-synaptic 5-HT(2A) receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Onogi
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
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Chavez C, Hollaus M, Scarr E, Pavey G, Gogos A, van den Buuse M. The effect of estrogen on dopamine and serotonin receptor and transporter levels in the brain: An autoradiography study. Brain Res 2010; 1321:51-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.12.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Müller CP, Pum ME, Schumann G, Huston JP. The Role of Serotonin in Drug Addiction. HANDBOOK OF BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-7339(10)70099-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Swerdlow NR, Weber M, Qu Y, Light GA, Braff DL. Realistic expectations of prepulse inhibition in translational models for schizophrenia research. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2008; 199:331-88. [PMID: 18568339 PMCID: PMC2771731 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-008-1072-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2007] [Accepted: 01/03/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Under specific conditions, a weak lead stimulus, or "prepulse", can inhibit the startling effects of a subsequent intense abrupt stimulus. This startle-inhibiting effect of the prepulse, termed "prepulse inhibition" (PPI), is widely used in translational models to understand the biology of brainbased inhibitory mechanisms and their deficiency in neuropsychiatric disorders. In 1981, four published reports with "prepulse inhibition" as an index term were listed on Medline; over the past 5 years, new published Medline reports with "prepulse inhibition" as an index term have appeared at a rate exceeding once every 2.7 days (n=678). Most of these reports focus on the use of PPI in translational models of impaired sensorimotor gating in schizophrenia. This rapid expansion and broad application of PPI as a tool for understanding schizophrenia has, at times, outpaced critical thinking and falsifiable hypotheses about the relative strengths vs. limitations of this measure. OBJECTIVES This review enumerates the realistic expectations for PPI in translational models for schizophrenia research, and provides cautionary notes for the future applications of this important research tool. CONCLUSION In humans, PPI is not "diagnostic"; levels of PPI do not predict clinical course, specific symptoms, or individual medication responses. In preclinical studies, PPI is valuable for evaluating models or model organisms relevant to schizophrenia, "mapping" neural substrates of deficient PPI in schizophrenia, and advancing the discovery and development of novel therapeutics. Across species, PPI is a reliable, robust quantitative phenotype that is useful for probing the neurobiology and genetics of gating deficits in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal R Swerdlow
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0804, USA,
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Adams W, Kusljic S, van den Buuse M. Serotonin depletion in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus: effects on locomotor hyperactivity, prepulse inhibition and learning and memory. Neuropharmacology 2008; 55:1048-55. [PMID: 18634810 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2008.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2008] [Revised: 06/17/2008] [Accepted: 06/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We present an overview of our studies on the differential role of serotonergic projections from the median raphe nucleus (MRN) and dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) in behavioural animal models with relevance to schizophrenia. Stereotaxic microinjection of the serotonin neurotoxin 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) into the MRN or one of its main projections regions, the dorsal hippocampus, induced a marked enhancement of phencyclidine-induced locomotor hyperactivity and a disruption of prepulse inhibition (PPI) in rats. There was no enhancement of locomotor hyperactivity induced by amphetamine or MK-801 or after 5,7-DHT lesions of the DRN or ventral hippocampus. Rats with dorsal hippocampus lesions did not show significant changes in the Y-maze test for short-term spatial memory, the Morris water maze for long-term spatial memory, or in the T-maze delayed alternation test for working memory. These chronic lesion studies suggest a modulatory influence of serotonergic projections from the MRN to the dorsal hippocampus on phencyclidine effects and prepulse inhibition, but not on different forms of learning and memory. The results provide new insight into the role of serotonin in the dorsal hippocampus in aspects of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Adams
- Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Mental Health Research Institute of Victoria, 155 Oak Street, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
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Tsunekawa H, Noda Y, Miyazaki M, Yoneda F, Nabeshima T, Wang D. Effects of (R)-(−)-1-(benzofuran-2-yl)-2-propylaminopentane hydrochloride [(−)-BPAP] in animal models of mood disorders. Behav Brain Res 2008; 189:107-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2007.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2007] [Revised: 12/17/2007] [Accepted: 12/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Wolf R, Paelchen K, Matzke K, Dobrowolny H, Bogerts B, Schwegler H. Acute or subchronic clozapine treatment does not ameliorate prepulse inhibition (PPI) deficits in CPB-K mice with low levels of hippocampal NMDA receptor density. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2007; 194:93-102. [PMID: 17541558 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-007-0824-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2007] [Accepted: 05/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The hypo-glutamatergic hypothesis of schizophrenia is based on clinical similarities between schizophrenia and phencyclidine (PCP)-induced psychosis in mentally healthy humans. Sensorimotor gating, as measured by prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle response (ASR), is impaired in schizophrenic patients. In animals, noncompetitive N-methyl-D: -aspartate (NMDA) antagonists such as PCP disrupt PPI in a way that resembles the defect seen in schizophrenia. In a previous study with inbred mouse strains, low PPI levels have been demonstrated in CPB-K mice possessing low levels of hippocampal NMDA receptor densities. The present study was performed to test whether the low magnitude of PPI in CPB-K mice can be reversed by the atypical antipsychotic drug clozapine (CLZ). RESULTS Before any treatment, CPB-K mice displayed a significant (p < 0.001) lower level in PPI and a significant (p < 0.001) higher ASR when compared to BALB/cJ mice known to have high hippocampal NMDA receptor densities. Acute and subchronic effects of a 2-week treatment with CLZ at daily doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg intraperitoneally, respectively, did not reveal any significant alteration of PPI levels in CPB-K mice. Nevertheless, the examination of motor behavior during nonstimulus trials provided a positive control for the drug's effectiveness. CONCLUSION In summary, (1) this study confirmed our working hypothesis: Lower levels of hippocampal glutamatergic receptor densities correspond to lower sensorimotor gating in CPB-K mice, and (2) acute or subchronic treatment with CLZ did not elevate low PPI levels in CPB-K mice. Thus, further experiments will concentrate on other antipsychotic drugs to prove the predictive validity of this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
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