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Vales K, Holubova K. Minireview: Animal model of schizophrenia from the perspective of behavioral pharmacology: Effect of treatment on cognitive functions. Neurosci Lett 2021; 761:136098. [PMID: 34224793 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a debilitating mental disorder characterized by positive, negative and cognitive symptoms. Whereas positive symptoms are satisfactorily addressed by current antipsychotic treatment, negative and cognitive symptomatic treatment remains largely ineffective. This review investigates the treatment efficacy regarding cognitive symptoms and evaluates the contribution of different monoamine receptor systems involved in schizophrenia pathophysiology to cognition. In the review, we included preclinical studies assessing the effect of different treatments on cognition in pre-pulse inhibition and two spatial cognitive tests. While pre-pulse inhibition investigates pre-attentive processes operating outside of conscious awareness, the spatial tasks require continuous attention and active engagement in task solving for a successful outcome. The schizophrenia-like phenotype was attained by acute or subchronic administration of non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Vales
- The National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; Institute of Physiology CAS, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - K Holubova
- The National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic.
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Stuchlík A, Petrásek T, Prokopová I, Holubová K, Hatalová H, Valeš K, Kubík S, Dockery C, Wesierska M. Place avoidance tasks as tools in the behavioral neuroscience of learning and memory. Physiol Res 2014; 62:S1-S19. [PMID: 24329689 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial navigation comprises a widely-studied complex of animal behaviors. Its study offers many methodological advantages over other approaches, enabling assessment of a variety of experimental questions and the possibility to compare the results across different species. Spatial navigation in laboratory animals is often considered a model of higher human cognitive functions including declarative memory. Almost fifteen years ago, a novel dry-arena task for rodents was designed in our laboratory, originally named the place avoidance task, and later a modification of this approach was established and called active place avoidance task. It employs a continuously rotating arena, upon which animals are trained to avoid a stable sector defined according to room-frame coordinates. This review describes the development of the place avoidance tasks, evaluates the cognitive processes associated with performance and explores the application of place avoidance in the testing of spatial learning after neuropharmacological, lesion and other experimental manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Stuchlík
- Institute of Physiology AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Petrasek T, Prokopova I, Sladek M, Weissova K, Vojtechova I, Bahnik S, Zemanova A, Schönig K, Berger S, Tews B, Bartsch D, Schwab ME, Sumova A, Stuchlik A. Nogo-A-deficient Transgenic Rats Show Deficits in Higher Cognitive Functions, Decreased Anxiety, and Altered Circadian Activity Patterns. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:90. [PMID: 24672453 PMCID: PMC3957197 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreased levels of Nogo-A-dependent signaling have been shown to affect behavior and cognitive functions. In Nogo-A knockout and knockdown laboratory rodents, behavioral alterations were observed, possibly corresponding with human neuropsychiatric diseases of neurodevelopmental origin, particularly schizophrenia. This study offers further insight into behavioral manifestations of Nogo-A knockdown in laboratory rats, focusing on spatial and non-spatial cognition, anxiety levels, circadian rhythmicity, and activity patterns. Demonstrated is an impairment of cognitive functions and behavioral flexibility in a spatial active avoidance task, while non-spatial memory in a step-through avoidance task was spared. No signs of anhedonia, typical for schizophrenic patients, were observed in the animals. Some measures indicated lower anxiety levels in the Nogo-A-deficient group. Circadian rhythmicity in locomotor activity was preserved in the Nogo-A knockout rats and their circadian period (tau) did not differ from controls. However, daily activity patterns were slightly altered in the knockdown animals. We conclude that a reduction of Nogo-A levels induces changes in CNS development, manifested as subtle alterations in cognitive functions, emotionality, and activity patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Petrasek
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Prague , Czech Republic ; First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Iva Prokopova
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Martin Sladek
- Department of Neurohumoral Regulations, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Weissova
- Department of Neurohumoral Regulations, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Iveta Vojtechova
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Stepan Bahnik
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Prague , Czech Republic ; Social Psychology, Department of Psychology II, University of Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany
| | - Anna Zemanova
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Kai Schönig
- Department of Molecular Biology, Central Institute of Mental Health , Mannheim , Germany
| | - Stefan Berger
- Department of Molecular Biology, Central Institute of Mental Health , Mannheim , Germany
| | - Björn Tews
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland ; Neurosciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland ; Division of Molecular Mechanisms of Tumor Invasion, German Cancer Research Center , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Dusan Bartsch
- Department of Molecular Biology, Central Institute of Mental Health , Mannheim , Germany
| | - Martin E Schwab
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland ; Neurosciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Alena Sumova
- Department of Neurohumoral Regulations, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Ales Stuchlik
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Prague , Czech Republic
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Stuchlik A, Rehakova L, Telensky P, Vales K. Morris water maze learning in Long-Evans rats is differentially affected by blockade of D1-like and D2-like dopamine receptors. Neurosci Lett 2007; 422:169-74. [PMID: 17611026 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2007] [Revised: 05/21/2007] [Accepted: 06/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Dopaminergic neurotransmission is involved in several brain functions including spatial cognition. In the present study we examine the effects of systemic administration of D1-like receptor antagonist SCH23390 and D2-like receptor antagonist sulpiride on the acquisition of the Morris water maze task. We used visible versus hidden platform versions of the MWM in order to distinguish between the effects of the drugs on the procedural versus cognitive aspects of the task. SCH23390 was found to prolong escape latencies to the visible platform at a higher dose (0.05mg/kg), whilst the lower dose (0.02mg/kg) left both procedural and cognitive functions almost unchanged. SCH23390 was also found to reduce swimming speed. Sulpiride did not affect the visible platform learning at any of three doses studied (30, 60 and 100mg/kg); the highest dose of sulpiride (100mg/kg) impaired place navigation to the hidden platform, without affecting the swim speed. The results of the present study show a difference in the involvement of D1-like and D2-like receptors in the MWM acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ales Stuchlik
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Stuchlik A, Rehakova L, Rambousek L, Svoboda J, Vales K. Manipulation of D2 receptors with quinpirole and sulpiride affects locomotor activity before spatial behavior of rats in an active place avoidance task. Neurosci Res 2007; 58:133-9. [PMID: 17360063 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2007.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2006] [Revised: 01/26/2007] [Accepted: 02/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine-mediated neurotransmission is widely studied with respect to motivation, motor activity and cognitive processes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of D2 receptors in the behavior of rats in the active allothetic place avoidance (AAPA) task. D2 receptor agonist quinpirole and antagonist sulpiride were administered intraperitoneally 20min prior to behavioral testing. Administration of quinpirole led to dose-dependent increase of locomotion; the spatial efficiency was spared across the dose range studied (0.05-1.0mg/kg). In contrast, sulpiride decreased locomotor activity at a dose not influencing spatial efficiency (60mg/kg); the highest dose of sulpiride (100mg/kg) caused a deficit in both locomotor and spatial behaviors. The results suggest a relatively lesser importance of D2 receptors for spatial efficiency in the AAPA task, with a predominant influence of D2 receptor ligands on motor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ales Stuchlik
- Department of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic.
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