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Testing the disgust conditioning theory of food-avoidance in adolescents with recent onset anorexia nervosa. Behav Res Ther 2015; 71:131-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Chakraborty A, Latapy C, Xu J, Snyder SH, Beaulieu JM. Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase-1 regulates behavioral responses via GSK3 signaling pathways. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:284-93. [PMID: 23439485 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), a prominent enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism, also has a major role in brain function. It is physiologically regulated by the kinase Akt, which phosphorylates GSK3 to inhibit catalytic activity. Inositol hexakisphosphate-1 (IP6K1) generates the inositol pyrophosphate diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate (IP7), which physiologically inhibits Akt leading to enhanced GSK3 activity. We report that IP6K1 binds and stimulates GSK3 enzymatic activity in a non-catalytic fashion. Physiological relevance is evident in the inhibition of GSK3 activity in the brains of IP6K1-deleted mice. Behavioral alterations of IP6K1 knockout mice resemble those of GSK3 mutants. Accordingly, modulation of IP6K1-GSK3β interaction may exert beneficial effects in psychiatric disorders involving GSK3.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chakraborty
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - C Latapy
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - J Xu
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S H Snyder
- 1] The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA [2] Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA [3] Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J-M Beaulieu
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
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Moraga-Amaro R, Cortés-Rojas A, Simon F, Stehberg J. Role of the insular cortex in taste familiarity. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2013; 109:37-45. [PMID: 24296461 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Determining the role of the main gustatory cortical area within the insular cortex (IC), in conditioned taste aversion (CTA) has been elusive due to effective compensatory mechanisms that allow animals to learn in spite of lacking IC. IC lesions performed before CTA training induces mild if any memory impairments, while IC lesions done weeks after CTA produce amnesia. IC lesions before taste presentation have also been shown not to affect taste familiarity learning (attenuation of neophobia). This lack of effect could be either explained by compensation from other brain areas or by a lack of involvement of the IC in taste familiarity. To assess this issue, rats were bilaterally IC lesioned with ibotenic acid (200-300 nl.; 15 mg/ml) one week before or after taste familiarity, using either a preferred (0.1%) or a non-preferred (0.5%) saccharin solution. Rats lesioned before familiarity showed a decrease in neophobia to both solutions but no difference in their familiarity curve or their slope. When animals were familiarized and then IC lesioned, both IC lesioned groups treated the solutions as familiar, showing no differences from sham animals in their retention of familiarity. However, both lesioned groups showed increased latent inhibition (or impaired CTA) when CTA trained after repeated pre-exposures. The role of the IC in familiarity was also assessed using temporary inactivation of the IC, using bilateral micro-infusions of sodium channel blocker bupivacaine before each of 3 saccharin daily presentations. Intra-insular bupivacaine had no effects on familiarity acquisition, but did impair CTA learning in a different group of rats micro-infused before saccharin presentation in a CTA training protocol. Our data indicate that the IC is not essentially involved in acquisition or retention of taste familiarity, suggesting regional dissociation of areas involved in CTA and taste familiarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Moraga-Amaro
- Laboratorio de Neurobiologia, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Chile
| | - Andrés Cortés-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Neurobiologia, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Chile
| | - Felipe Simon
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatologia Integrativa, Departaemento de Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jimmy Stehberg
- Laboratorio de Neurobiologia, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Chile.
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Latapy C, Rioux V, Guitton MJ, Beaulieu JM. Selective deletion of forebrain glycogen synthase kinase 3β reveals a central role in serotonin-sensitive anxiety and social behaviour. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2012; 367:2460-74. [PMID: 22826345 PMCID: PMC3405679 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmission is thought to underlie mental illnesses, such as bipolar disorder, depression, autism and schizophrenia. Independent studies have indicated that 5-HT or drugs acting on 5-HT neurotransmission regulate the serine/threonine kinase glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). Furthermore, GSK3β inhibition rescues behavioural abnormalities in 5-HT-deficient mice with a loss-of-function mutation equivalent to the human variant (R441H) of tryptophan hydroxylase 2. In an effort to define neuroanatomical correlates of GSK3β activity in the regulation of behaviour, we generated CamKIIcre-floxGSK3β mice in which the gsk3b gene is postnatally inactivated in forebrain pyramidal neurons. Behavioural characterization showed that suppression of GSK3β in these brain areas has anxiolytic and pro-social effects. However, while a global reduction of GSK2β expression reduced responsiveness to amphetamine and increased resilience to social defeat, these behavioural effects were not found in CamKIIcre-floxGSK3β mice. These findings demonstrate a dissociation of behavioural effects related to GSK3 inhibition, with forebrain GSK3β being involved in the regulation of anxiety and sociability while social preference, resilience and responsiveness to psychostimulants would involve a function of this kinase in subcortical areas such as the hippocampus and striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Latapy
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Laval University, , Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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Bories C, Guitton MJ, Julien C, Tremblay C, Vandal M, Msaid M, De Koninck Y, Calon F. Sex-dependent alterations in social behaviour and cortical synaptic activity coincide at different ages in a model of Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46111. [PMID: 23029404 PMCID: PMC3454358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides memory deficits, Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients suffer from neuropsychiatric symptoms, including alterations in social interactions, which are subject of a growing number of investigations in transgenic models of AD. Yet the biological mechanisms underlying these behavioural alterations are poorly understood. Here, a social interaction paradigm was used to assess social dysfunction in the triple-transgenic mouse model of AD (3xTg-AD). We observed that transgenic mice displayed dimorphic behavioural abnormalities at different ages. Social disinhibition was observed in 18 months old 3xTg-AD males compared to age and sex-matched control mice. In 3xTg-AD females, social disinhibition was present at 12 months followed by reduced social interactions at 18 months. These dimorphic behavioural alterations were not associated with alterations in AD neuropathological markers such as Aβ or tau levels in the frontal cortex. However, patch-clamp recordings revealed that enhanced social interactions coincided temporally with an increase in both excitatory and inhibitory basal synaptic inputs to layer 2-3 pyramidal neurons in the prefrontal cortex. These findings uncover a novel pattern of occurrence of psychiatric-like symptoms between sexes in an AD model. Our results also reveal that functional alterations in synapse activity appear as a potentially significant substrate underlying behavioural correlates of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Bories
- Faculty of Medicine Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Quebec Mental Health Institute, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Matthieu J. Guitton
- Faculty of Medicine Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Quebec Mental Health Institute, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Carl Julien
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUL) Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cyntia Tremblay
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUL) Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Milène Vandal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUL) Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Meriem Msaid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUL) Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yves De Koninck
- Faculty of Medicine Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Quebec Mental Health Institute, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Centre Hospitalier de l’Université Laval (CHUL) Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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Guitton MJ. Tinnitus: pathology of synaptic plasticity at the cellular and system levels. Front Syst Neurosci 2012; 6:12. [PMID: 22408611 PMCID: PMC3297194 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2012.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite being more and more common, and having a high impact on the quality of life of sufferers, tinnitus does not yet have a cure. This has been mostly the result of limited knowledge of the biological mechanisms underlying this adverse pathology. However, the last decade has witnessed tremendous progress in our understanding on the pathophysiology of tinnitus. Animal models have demonstrated that tinnitus is a pathology of neural plasticity, and has two main components: a molecular, peripheral component related to the initiation phase of tinnitus; and a system-level, central component-related to the long-term maintenance of tinnitus. Using the most recent experimental data and the molecular/system dichotomy as a framework, we describe here the biological basis of tinnitus. We then discuss these mechanisms from an evolutionary perspective, highlighting similarities with memory. Finally, we consider how these discoveries can translate into therapies, and we suggest operative strategies to design new and effective combined therapeutic solutions using both pharmacological (local and systemic) and behavioral tools (e.g., using tele-medicine and virtual reality settings).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu J Guitton
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Ophthalmology, Laval University, Quebec City QC, Canada
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Dias FMV, Kummer A, Doyle FCP, Harsányi E, Cardoso F, Fontenelle LF, Teixeira AL. Psychiatric disorders in primary focal dystonia and in Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2011; 7:111-6. [PMID: 21552313 PMCID: PMC3083984 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s17507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary focal dystonia and Parkinson's disease are movement disorders that have contrasting motor phenotypes. The aim of this study was to compare the frequency and the severity of psychiatric disorders in primary focal dystonia and Parkinson's disease. METHODS Two groups of 30 patients matched by gender and age underwent a neurological and psychiatric assessment. RESULTS Parkinson's disease patients were diagnosed with higher rates of major depression (P = 0.02) and generalized anxiety disorder (P = 0.02), and greater severity of depressive symptoms (P = 0.04), while patients with primary focal dystonia exhibited increased severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (P = 0.02). DISCUSSION The difference in pathophysiology of primary focal dystonia and Parkinson's disease may explain the different psychiatric profiles of these two diseases. The increased frequency of affective symptoms in Parkinson's disease may be related to the fact that Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease marked by the loss of monoaminergic neurons which does not happen in primary focal dystonia. CONCLUSION The psychiatric profile differs in movement disorders with distinct neurobiological bases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Flávia CP Doyle
- Movement Disorders Clinic, Neurology Unit, University Hospital, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte
| | | | - Francisco Cardoso
- Movement Disorders Clinic, Neurology Unit, University Hospital, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte
| | - Leonardo F Fontenelle
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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