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Suman A, Mahapatra A, Gupta P, Ray SS, Singh RK. Polystyrene microplastics induced disturbances in neuronal arborization and dendritic spine density in mice prefrontal cortex. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 351:141165. [PMID: 38224746 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
An increasing use of plastics in daily life leads to the accumulation of microplastics (MPs) in the environment, posing a serious threat to the ecosystem, including humans. It has been reported that MPs cause neurotoxicity, but the deleterious effect of polystyrene (PS) MPs on neuronal cytoarchitectural morphology in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) region of mice brain remains to be established. In the present study, Swiss albino male mice were orally exposed to 0.1, 1, and 10 ppm PS-MPs for 28 days. After exposure, we found a significant accumulation of PS-MPs with a decreased number of Nissl bodies in the PFC region of the entire treated group compared to the control. Morphometric analysis in the PFC neurons using Golgi-Cox staining accompanied by Sholl analysis showed a significant reduction in basal dendritic length, dendritic intersections, nodes, and number of intersections at seventh branch order in PFC neurons of 1 ppm treated PS-MPs. In neurons of 0.1 ppm treated mice, we found only decrease in the number of intersections at the seventh branch order. While 10 ppm treated neurons decreased in basal dendritic length, dendritic intersections, followed by the number of intersections at the third and seventh branch order were observed. As well, spine density on the apical secondary branches along with mRNA level of BDNF was significantly reduced in all the PS-MPs treated PFC neurons, mainly at 1 ppm versus control. These results suggest that PS-MPs exposure affects overall basal neuronal arborization, with the highest levels at 1 and 10 ppm, followed by 0.1 ppm treated neurons, which may be related to the down-regulation of BDNF expression in PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Suman
- Molecular Endocrinology and Toxicology Laboratory (METLab), Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
| | - Archisman Mahapatra
- Molecular Endocrinology and Toxicology Laboratory (METLab), Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Priya Gupta
- Molecular Endocrinology and Toxicology Laboratory (METLab), Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Shubhendu Shekhar Ray
- Molecular Endocrinology and Toxicology Laboratory (METLab), Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Singh
- Molecular Endocrinology and Toxicology Laboratory (METLab), Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Sarkala HB, Jahanshahi M, Dolatabadi LK, Namavar MR. G-CSF improved the memory and dendritic morphology impairments in the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons after brain ischemia in the male rats. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:2573-2581. [PMID: 37728699 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01286-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke remains the leading cause of death and disability in the world. A new potential treatment for stroke is the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), which exerts neuroprotective effects through multiple mechanisms. Memory impairment is the most common cognitive problem after a stroke. The suggested treatment for memory impairments is cognitive rehabilitation, which is often ineffective. The hippocampus plays an important role in memory formation. This project aimed to study the effect of G-CSF on memory and dendritic morphology of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)in rats. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: the sham, control (MCAO + Vehicle), and treatment (MCAO + G-CSF) groups. G-CSF (50 µg/kg S.C) was administered at 6, 24, and 48 h after brain ischemia induction. The passive avoidance task to evaluate learning and memory was performed on days 6 and 7 post-ischemia. Seven days after MCAO, the brain was removed and the hippocampal slices were stained with Golgi. After that, the neurons were analyzed for dendritic morphology and maturity. OUTCOMES The data showed that stroke was associated with a significant impairment in the acquisition and retention of passive avoidance tasks, while the G-CSF improved learning and memory loss. The dendritic length, arborization, spine density, and mature spines of the hippocampus CA1 neurons were significantly reduced in the control group, and treatment with G-CSF significantly increased these parameters. CONCLUSION G-CSF, even with three doses, improved learning and memory deficits, and dendritic morphological changes in the CA1 hippocampal neurons resulted from brain ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamzeh Badeli Sarkala
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Jahanshahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Leila Kamali Dolatabadi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Namavar
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Powers BE, Ton ST, Farrer RG, Chaudhary S, Nockels RP, Kartje GL, Tsai SY. Anti-Nogo-A Antibody Therapy Improves Functional Outcome Following Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2023; 37:682-693. [PMID: 37837331 PMCID: PMC10843026 DOI: 10.1177/15459683231203194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can cause sensorimotor deficits, and recovery is slow and incomplete. There are no effective pharmacological treatments for recovery from TBI, but research indicates potential for anti-Nogo-A antibody (Ab) therapy. This Ab neutralizes Nogo-A, an endogenous transmembrane protein that inhibits neuronal plasticity and regeneration. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that anti-Nogo-A Ab treatment following TBI results in disinhibited axonal growth from the contralesional cortex, the establishment of new compensatory neuronal connections, and improved function. METHODS We modeled TBI in rats using the controlled cortical impact method, resulting in focal brain damage and motor deficits like those observed in humans with a moderate cortical TBI. Rats were trained on the skilled forelimb reaching task and the horizontal ladder rung walking task. They were then given a TBI, targeting the caudal forelimb motor cortex, and randomly divided into 3 groups: TBI-only, TBI + Anti-Nogo-A Ab, and TBI + Control Ab. Testing resumed 3 days after TBI and continued for 8 weeks, when rats received an injection of the anterograde neuronal tracer, biotinylated dextran amine (BDA), into the corresponding area contralateral to the TBI. RESULTS We observed significant improvement in rats that received anti-Nogo-A Ab treatment post-TBI compared to controls. Analysis of BDA-positive axons revealed that anti-Nogo-A Ab treatment resulted in cortico-rubral plasticity to the deafferented red nucleus. Conclusions. Anti-Nogo-A Ab treatment may improve functional recovery via neuronal plasticity to brain areas important for skilled movements, and this treatment shows promise to improve outcomes in humans who have suffered a TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian E Powers
- Edward Hines Jr. Veteran Affairs Hospital, Hines, IL, USA
| | - Son T Ton
- Edward Hines Jr. Veteran Affairs Hospital, Hines, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Russ P Nockels
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Gwendolyn L Kartje
- Edward Hines Jr. Veteran Affairs Hospital, Hines, IL, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Loyola University Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Shih-Yen Tsai
- Edward Hines Jr. Veteran Affairs Hospital, Hines, IL, USA
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Sotoudeh N, Namavar MR. Optimisation of ketamine‐xylazine anaesthetic dose and its association with changes in the dendritic spine of CA1 hippocampus in the young and old male and female Wistar rats. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:2545-2552. [DOI: 10.1002/vms3.936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Narges Sotoudeh
- Department of Anatomical Sciences School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Namavar
- Department of Anatomical Sciences School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
- Clinical Neurology Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
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5
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Tsai SY, Schreiber JA, Adamczyk NS, Wu JY, Ton ST, Hofler RC, Walter JS, O'Brien TE, Kartje GL, Nockels RP. Improved Functional Outcome After Peripheral Nerve Stimulation of the Impaired Forelimb Post-stroke. Front Neurol 2021; 12:610434. [PMID: 33959086 PMCID: PMC8093517 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.610434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of blood flow to the brain, i.e., ischemic stroke, results in loss of nerve cells and therefore loss of function in the effected brain regions. There is no effective treatment to improve lost function except restoring blood flow within the first several hours. Rehabilitation strategies are widely used with limited success. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of electrical stimulation on the impaired upper extremity to improve functional recovery after stroke. We developed a rodent model using an electrode cuff implant onto a single peripheral nerve (median nerve) of the paretic forelimb and applied daily electrical stimulation. The skilled forelimb reaching test was used to evaluate functional outcome after stroke and electrical stimulation. Anterograde axonal tracing from layer V pyramidal neurons with biotinylated dextran amine was done to evaluate the formation of new neuronal connections from the contralesional cortex to the deafferented spinal cord. Rats receiving electrical stimulation on the median nerve showed significant improvement in the skilled forelimb reaching test in comparison with stroke only and stroke with sham stimulation. Rats that received electrical stimulation also exhibited significant improvement in the latency to initiate adhesive removal from the impaired forelimb, indicating better sensory recovery. Furthermore, axonal tracing analysis showed a significant higher midline fiber crossing index in the cervical spinal cord of rats receiving electrical stimulation. Our results indicate that direct peripheral nerve stimulation leads to improved sensorimotor recovery in the stroke-impaired forelimb, and may be a useful approach to improve post-stroke deficits in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yen Tsai
- Edward Hines Jr. Veteran Affairs Hospital, Hines, IL, United States
| | - Jennifer A Schreiber
- Edward Hines Jr. Veteran Affairs Hospital, Hines, IL, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, United States
| | | | - Joanna Y Wu
- Edward Hines Jr. Veteran Affairs Hospital, Hines, IL, United States
| | - Son T Ton
- Edward Hines Jr. Veteran Affairs Hospital, Hines, IL, United States
| | - Ryan C Hofler
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - James S Walter
- Edward Hines Jr. Veteran Affairs Hospital, Hines, IL, United States
| | - Timothy E O'Brien
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics and Institute of Environmental Sustainability, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Gwendolyn L Kartje
- Edward Hines Jr. Veteran Affairs Hospital, Hines, IL, United States.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Loyola University Chicago Health Science Division, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Russ P Nockels
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, United States
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Chavda V, Madhwani K, Chaurasia B. Stroke and immunotherapy: Potential mechanisms and its implications as immune-therapeutics. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:4338-4357. [PMID: 33829590 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia or brain injuries are mostly associated with emergency admissions and huge mortality rates. Stroke is a fatal cerebrovascular malady and second top root of disability and death in both developing and developed countries with a projected rise of 24.9% (from 2010) by 2030. It's the most frequent cause of morbidities and systemic permanent morbidities due to its multi-organ systemic pathology. Brain edema or active immune response cause disturbed or abnormal systemic affects causing inflammatory damage leading to secondary infection and secondary immune response which leads to activation like pneumonia or urine tract infections. There are a variety of post stroke treatments available which claims their usefulness in reducing or inhibiting post stroke and recurrent stroke damage followed by heavy inflammatory actions. Stroke does change the quality of life and also ensures daily chronic rapid neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. The only approved therapies for stroke are alteplase and thrombectomy which is associated with adverse outcomes and are not a total cure for ischemic stroke. Stroke and immune response are reciprocal to the pathology and time of event and it progresses till untreated. The immune reaction during ischemia opens new doors for advanced targeted therapeutics. Nowadays stem cell therapy has shown better results in stroke-prone individuals. Few monoclonal antibodies like natalizumab have shown great impact on pre-clinical and clinical stroke trial studies. In this current review, we have explored an immunology of stroke, current therapeutic scenario and future potential targets as immunotherapeutic agents in stroke therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Chavda
- Division of Anesthesia, Sardar Women's Hospital, Ahmadabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Kajal Madhwani
- Department of Microbiology, Nirma University, Ahmadabad, Gujarat, India
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Zhong J, Li J, Ni C, Zuo Z. Amantadine Alleviates Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction Possibly by Preserving Neurotrophic Factor Expression and Dendritic Arborization in the Hippocampus of Old Rodents. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:605330. [PMID: 33324197 PMCID: PMC7726433 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.605330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Amantadine has been shown to attenuate postoperative learning and memory dysfunction in young adult rats. However, postoperative cognitive dysfunction often occurs in elderly patients. We aimed to determine whether amantadine attenuated postoperative learning and memory dysfunction and whether these effects were associated with improved dendritic arborization in old rodents. Methods Eighteen-month old male C57BL/6J mice or Fischer 344 rats were subjected to right carotid artery exposure (surgery) under isoflurane anesthesia. This age represents an early old stage in rodents. Carotid artery exposure was used to simulate commonly performed carotid endarterectomy in elderly patients. Amantadine was injected intraperitoneally at 25 μg/g once a day for 3 days with the first dose at 15 min before surgery. The animals were tested by Barnes maze and fear conditioning starting one week after the surgery. Hippocampus was harvested for Western blotting and Golgi staining. Results Surgery and anesthesia impaired the learning and memory in old mice and rats. Surgery reduced the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), dendritic arborization and spine density in the hippocampus of old rats. These effects were attenuated by amantadine. The effects of amantadine were blocked by intracerebroventricular injection of anti-BDNF antibody or anti-GDNF antibody. Conclusion Surgery and anesthesia impaired learning, memory and dendritic arborization in old rodents that are age relevant to postoperative cognitive dysfunction. These effects may be attenuated by amantadine via preserving the expression of neurotrophic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Cheng Ni
- Department of Anesthesia, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyi Zuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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8
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Chow WZ, Ong LK, Kluge MG, Gyawali P, Walker FR, Nilsson M. Similar cognitive deficits in mice and humans in the chronic phase post-stroke identified using the touchscreen-based paired-associate learning task. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19545. [PMID: 33177588 PMCID: PMC7658221 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76560-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
For many chronic stroke survivors, persisting cognitive dysfunction leads to significantly reduced quality of life. Translation of promising therapeutic strategies aimed at improving cognitive function is hampered by existing, disparate cognitive assessments in animals and humans. In this study, we assessed post-stroke cognitive function using a comparable touchscreen-based paired-associate learning task in a cross-sectional population of chronic stroke survivors (≥ 5 months post-stroke, n = 70), age-matched controls (n = 70), and in mice generated from a C57BL/6 mouse photothrombotic stroke model (at six months post-stroke). Cognitive performance of stroke survivors was analysed using linear regression adjusting for age, gender, diabetes, systolic blood pressure and waist circumference. Stroke survivors made significantly fewer correct choices across all tasks compared with controls. Similar cognitive impairment was observed in the mice post-stroke with fewer correct choices compared to shams. These results highlight the feasibility and potential value of analogous modelling of clinically meaningful cognitive impairments in chronic stroke survivors and in mice in chronic phase after stroke. Implementation of validated, parallel cross-species test platforms for cognitive assessment offer the potential of delivering a more useful framework for evaluating therapies aimed at improving long-term cognitive function post-stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhen Chow
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, Heights, NSW, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Lin Kooi Ong
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, Heights, NSW, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Murielle G Kluge
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Prajwal Gyawali
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Health and Wellbeing, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Frederick R Walker
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, Heights, NSW, Australia.
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.
- Centre for Rehab Innovations, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
| | - Michael Nilsson
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, Heights, NSW, Australia.
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.
- Centre for Rehab Innovations, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
- LKC School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Novena Campus, Singapore.
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9
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Sotoudeh N, Namavar MR, Zarifkar A, Heidarzadegan AR. Age-dependent changes in the medial prefrontal cortex and medial amygdala structure, and elevated plus-maze performance in the healthy male Wistar rats. IBRO Rep 2020; 9:183-194. [PMID: 32885088 PMCID: PMC7452646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging affects different parts of the brain structure and function. These changes are associated with several age-related emotional alterations like anxiety that is regulated by the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Thus, this study aimed to explore the effects of aging on the morphology changes in these regions. Twenty male Wistar rats were assigned to young and old groups. The anxiety level was evaluated by elevated plus-maze. Then, their brains were removed, fixed, cut, and stained with Cresyl Violet or Golgi-Cox. In addition to the estimation of stereological parameters, dendrite complexity, and spatial distribution of the neurons in the mPFC and amygdala were evaluated. Aging increased the medial amygdala volume and its total number of neurons, but it did not have a significant effect on these parameters in the mPFC. Furthermore, the size of the neurons in the mPFC increased, whereas the total length of the dendrite and its complexity significantly decreased with aging in this structure and increased in the amygdala. Although aging did not significantly change the dendritic spine density in both regions, old rats showed a more mature spine in the mPFC and more anxiety-like behavior. In conclusion, the increase of anxiety in the old individuals could be attributed to structural changes in the morphology of the dendrite and neuron and its spatial distribution in the mPFC and amygdala. The findings of this study partly support this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sotoudeh
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M R Namavar
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A Zarifkar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A R Heidarzadegan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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10
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Histone Deacetylases May Mediate Surgery-Induced Impairment of Learning, Memory, and Dendritic Development. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:3702-3711. [PMID: 32564283 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01987-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) affects millions of patients each year in the USA and has been recognized as a significant complication after surgery. Epigenetic regulation of learning and memory has been shown. For example, an increase of histone deacetylases (HDACs), especially HDAC2, which epigenetically regulates gene expression, impairs learning and memory. However, the epigenetic contribution to the development of POCD is not known. Also, the effects of living situation on POCD have not been investigated. Here, we showed that mice that lived alone before the surgery and lived in a group after the surgery and mice that lived in a group before surgery and lived alone after surgery had impairment of learning and memory compared with the corresponding control mice without surgery. Surgery increased the activity of HDACs including HDAC2 but not HDAC1 and decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), dendritic arborization, and spine density in the hippocampus. Suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA), a relatively specific inhibitor of HDAC2, attenuated these surgery effects. SAHA did not change BDNF expression, dendritic arborization, and spine density in mice without surgery. Surgery also reduced the activity of nuclear histone acetyltransferases (HATs). This effect was not affected by SAHA. Our results suggest that surgery activates HDACs, which then reduces BDNF and dendritic arborization to develop POCD. Thus, epigenetic change contributes to the occurrence of POCD.
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11
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Orfila JE, Dietz RM, Rodgers KM, Dingman A, Patsos OP, Cruz-Torres I, Grewal H, Strnad F, Schroeder C, Herson PS. Experimental pediatric stroke shows age-specific recovery of cognition and role of hippocampal Nogo-A receptor signaling. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:588-599. [PMID: 30762478 PMCID: PMC7026845 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19828581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death worldwide and clinical data suggest that children may recover from stroke better than adults; however, supporting experimental data are lacking. We used our novel mouse model of experimental juvenile ischemic stroke (MCAO) to characterize age-specific cognitive dysfunction following ischemia. Juvenile and adult mice subjected to 45-min MCAO, and extracellular field recordings of CA1 neurons were performed to assess hippocampal synaptic plasticity changes after MCAO, and contextual fear conditioning was performed to evaluate memory and biochemistry used to analyze Nogo-A expression. Juvenile mice showed impaired synaptic plasticity seven days after MCAO, followed by full recovery by 30 days. Memory behavior was consistent with synaptic impairments and recovery after juvenile MCAO. Nogo-A expression increased in ipsilateral hippocampus seven days after MCAO compared to contralateral and sham hippocampus. Further, inhibition of Nogo-A receptors reversed MCAO-induced synaptic impairment in slices obtained seven days after juvenile MCAO. Adult MCAO-induced impairment of LTP was not associated with increased Nogo-A. This study demonstrates that stroke causes functional impairment in the hippocampus and recovery of behavioral and synaptic function is more robust in the young brain. Nogo-A receptor activity may account for the impairments seen following juvenile ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Orfila
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Neuronal Injury & Plasticity Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Robert M Dietz
- Neuronal Injury & Plasticity Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Krista M Rodgers
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Neuronal Injury & Plasticity Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Andra Dingman
- Neuronal Injury & Plasticity Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Olivia P Patsos
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Neuronal Injury & Plasticity Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ivelisse Cruz-Torres
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Neuronal Injury & Plasticity Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Himmat Grewal
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Neuronal Injury & Plasticity Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Frank Strnad
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Neuronal Injury & Plasticity Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Christian Schroeder
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Neuronal Injury & Plasticity Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Paco S Herson
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Neuronal Injury & Plasticity Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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Maejima H, Inoue T, Takamatsu Y. Therapeutic exercise accompanied by neuronal modulation to enhance neurotrophic factors in the brain with central nervous system disorders. Phys Ther Res 2019; 22:38-43. [PMID: 31289711 DOI: 10.1298/ptr.r0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exercise is a primary therapeutic regimen in physical therapy to rehabilitate the motor function of patients with central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Furthermore, exercise positively contributes to cognitive function related to neuroplasticity and neuroprotection in the hippocampus. Neurotrophins play a crucial role in neuroplasticity, neurogenesis, and neuroprotection in the CNS. Exercise enhances the expression of neurotrophins in the brain. Thus, novel regimens for kinesiotherapy in CNS disorders to further enhance exercise-induced expression are expected. In this review, we described three novel regimens for kinesiotherapy in CNS disorders based on the interaction between exercise and pharmacological treatment with the idea of "inhibition of inhibition" in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Maejima
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University
| | | | - Yasuyuki Takamatsu
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University
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Hermann DM, Popa-Wagner A, Kleinschnitz C, Doeppner TR. Animal models of ischemic stroke and their impact on drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:315-326. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1573984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk M. Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Center of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Aurel Popa-Wagner
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Center of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Christoph Kleinschnitz
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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14
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Zhai ZY, Feng J. Constraint-induced movement therapy enhances angiogenesis and neurogenesis after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1743-1754. [PMID: 31169192 PMCID: PMC6585549 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.257528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Constraint-induced movement therapy after cerebral ischemia stimulates axonal growth by decreasing expression levels of Nogo-A, RhoA, and Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) in the ischemic boundary zone. However, it remains unclear if there are any associations between the Nogo-A/RhoA/ROCK pathway and angiogenesis in adult rat brains in pathological processes such as ischemic stroke. In addition, it has not yet been reported whether constraint-induced movement therapy can promote angiogenesis in stroke in adult rats by overcoming Nogo-A/RhoA/ROCK signaling. Here, a stroke model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion. Seven days after stroke, the following treatments were initiated and continued for 3 weeks: forced limb use in constraint-induced movement therapy rats (constraint-induced movement therapy group), intraperitoneal infusion of fasudil (a ROCK inhibitor) in fasudil rats (fasudil group), or lateral ventricular injection of NEP1–40 (a specific antagonist of the Nogo-66 receptor) in NEP1–40 rats (NEP1–40 group). Immunohistochemistry and western blot assay results showed that, at 2 weeks after middle cerebral artery occlusion, expression levels of RhoA and ROCK were lower in the ischemic boundary zone in rats treated with NEP1–40 compared with rats treated with ischemia/reperfusion or constraint-induced movement therapy alone. However, at 4 weeks after middle cerebral artery occlusion, expression levels of RhoA and ROCK in the ischemic boundary zone were markedly decreased in the NEP1–40 and constraint-induced movement therapy groups, but there was no difference between these two groups. Compared with the ischemia/reperfusion group, modified neurological severity scores and foot fault scores were lower and time taken to locate the platform was shorter in the constraint-induced movement therapy and fasudil groups at 4 weeks after middle cerebral artery occlusion, especially in the constraint-induced movement therapy group. Immunofluorescent staining demonstrated that fasudil promoted an immune response of nerve-regeneration-related markers (BrdU in combination with CD31 (platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule), Nestin, doublecortin, NeuN, and glial fibrillary acidic protein) in the subventricular zone and ischemic boundary zone ipsilateral to the infarct. After 3 weeks of constraint-induced movement therapy, the number of regenerated nerve cells was noticeably increased, and was accompanied by an increased immune response of tight junctions (claudin-5), a pericyte marker (α-smooth muscle actin), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2. Taken together, the results demonstrate that, compared with fasudil, constraint-induced movement therapy led to stronger angiogenesis and nerve regeneration ability and better nerve functional recovery at 4 weeks after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. In addition, constraint-induced movement therapy has the same degree of inhibition of RhoA and ROCK as NEP1–40. Therefore, constraint-induced movement therapy promotes angiogenesis and neurogenesis after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, at least in part by overcoming the Nogo-A/RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. All protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of China Medical University, China on December 9, 2015 (approval No. 2015PS326K).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yong Zhai
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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15
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Mundugaru R, Sivanesan S, Popa-Wagner A, Udaykumar P, Kirubagaran R, KP G, Vidyadhara D. Pluchea lanceolata protects hippocampal neurons from endothelin-1 induced ischemic injury to ameliorate cognitive deficits. J Chem Neuroanat 2018; 94:75-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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16
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Kumar NN, Pizzo ME, Nehra G, Wilken-Resman B, Boroumand S, Thorne RG. Passive Immunotherapies for Central Nervous System Disorders: Current Delivery Challenges and New Approaches. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:3937-3966. [PMID: 30265523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Passive immunotherapy, i.e., the administration of exogenous antibodies that recognize a specific target antigen, has gained significant momentum as a potential treatment strategy for several central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and brain cancer, among others. Advances in antibody engineering to create therapeutic antibody fragments or antibody conjugates have introduced new strategies that may also be applied to treat CNS disorders. However, drug delivery to the CNS for antibodies and other macromolecules has thus far proven challenging, due in large part to the blood-brain barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers that greatly restrict transport of peripherally administered molecules from the systemic circulation into the CNS. Here, we summarize the various passive immunotherapy approaches under study for the treatment of CNS disorders, with a primary focus on disease-specific and target site-specific challenges to drug delivery and new, cutting edge methods.
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17
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Podraza KM, Mehta Y, Husak VA, Lippmann E, O'Brien TE, Kartje GL, Tsai SY. Improved functional outcome after chronic stroke with delayed anti-Nogo-A therapy: A clinically relevant intention-to-treat analysis. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018; 38:1327-1338. [PMID: 28952904 PMCID: PMC6077927 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17730994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Many preclinical treatment strategies for stroke have failed when tested in human trials. Although the reasons for these translation failures are multifactorial, one potential concern is the statistical analysis of the preclinical data. One way to rigorously evaluate new therapies is to use an intention-to-treat analysis in preclinical studies. Therefore, in this study, we set out to evaluate the treatment efficacy of a potential clinically relevant therapeutic agent for stroke, i.e., anti-Nogo-A immunotherapy, using an intention-to-treat analysis. Adult rats were trained on the skilled forelimb reaching task and subsequently underwent an ischemic stroke. Nine weeks later, the rats either received intracerebroventricular anti-Nogo-A antibody, control antibody, or no treatment. Skilled reaching performance was assessed by a non-linear model using both an intention-to-treat and per-protocol analysis. Following testing, dendritic complexity was evaluated in the contralesional and perilesional sensorimotor cortex. Both intention-to-treat and per-protocol analysis showed that anti-Nogo-A immunotherapy resulted in statistically significant improved recovery on the skilled forelimb reaching task, although treatment effect was less (though statistically significant) in the intention-to-treat group. Improved functional performance was not shown to be associated with dendritic changes. In conclusion, this study provides evidence for the importance of using intention-to-treat paradigms in testing preclinical therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Podraza
- Research Service,
Edward
Hines Jr. Veterans Affairs Hospital, Hines,
IL, USA
- Loyola University Chicago Health
Sciences Division, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Yasmin Mehta
- Research Service,
Edward
Hines Jr. Veterans Affairs Hospital, Hines,
IL, USA
| | - Vicki A Husak
- Research Service,
Edward
Hines Jr. Veterans Affairs Hospital, Hines,
IL, USA
| | - Elise Lippmann
- Loyola University Chicago Health
Sciences Division, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Timothy E O'Brien
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics
and Institute of Environmental Sustainability, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago,
IL, USA
| | - Gwendolyn L Kartje
- Research Service,
Edward
Hines Jr. Veterans Affairs Hospital, Hines,
IL, USA
- Loyola University Chicago Health
Sciences Division, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Shih-Yen Tsai
- Research Service,
Edward
Hines Jr. Veterans Affairs Hospital, Hines,
IL, USA
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18
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Black BJ, Kanneganti A, Joshi-Imre A, Rihani R, Chakraborty B, Abbott J, Pancrazio JJ, Cogan SF. Chronic recording and electrochemical performance of Utah microelectrode arrays implanted in rat motor cortex. J Neurophysiol 2018; 120:2083-2090. [PMID: 30020844 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00181.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Multisite implantable electrode arrays serve as a tool to understand cortical network connectivity and plasticity. Furthermore, they enable electrical stimulation to drive plasticity, study motor/sensory mapping, or provide network input for controlling brain-computer interfaces. Neurobehavioral rodent models are prevalent in studies of motor cortex injury and recovery as well as restoration of auditory/visual cues due to their relatively low cost and ease of training. Therefore, it is important to understand the chronic performance of relevant electrode arrays in rodent models. In this report, we evaluate the chronic recording and electrochemical performance of 16-channel Utah electrode arrays, the current state-of-the-art in pre-/clinical cortical recording and stimulation, in rat motor cortex over a period of 6 mo. The single-unit active electrode yield decreased from 52.8 ± 10.0 ( week 1) to 13.4 ± 5.1% ( week 24). Similarly, the total number of single units recorded on all electrodes across all arrays decreased from 106 to 15 over the same time period. Parallel measurements of electrochemical impedance spectra and cathodic charge storage capacity exhibited significant changes in electrochemical characteristics consistent with development of electrolyte leakage pathways over time. Additionally, measurements of maximum cathodal potential excursion indicated that only a relatively small fraction of electrodes (10-35% at 1 and 24 wk postimplantation) were capable of delivering relevant currents (20 µA at 4 nC/ph) without exceeding negative or positive electrochemical potential limits. In total, our findings suggest mainly abiotic failure modes, including mechanical wire breakage as well as degradation of conducting and insulating substrates. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Multisite implantable electrode arrays serve as a tool to record cortical network activity and enable electrical stimulation to drive plasticity or provide network feedback. The use of rodent models in these fields is prevalent. We evaluated chronic recording and electrochemical performance of 16-channel Utah electrode arrays in rat motor cortex over a period of 6 mo. We primarily observed abiotic failure modes suggestive of mechanical wire breakage and/or degradation of insulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan J Black
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas
| | - Aswini Kanneganti
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas
| | - Alexandra Joshi-Imre
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas
| | - Rashed Rihani
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas
| | - Bitan Chakraborty
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas
| | - Justin Abbott
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas
| | - Joseph J Pancrazio
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas
| | - Stuart F Cogan
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas , Richardson, Texas
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Otero-Ortega L, Gómez-de Frutos MC, Laso-García F, Sánchez-Gonzalo A, Martínez-Arroyo A, Díez-Tejedor E, Gutiérrez-Fernández M. NogoA Neutralization Promotes Axonal Restoration After White Matter Injury In Subcortical Stroke. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9431. [PMID: 28842591 PMCID: PMC5573364 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09705-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Blocking axonal growth inhibitor NogoA has been of great interest for promoting axonal recovery from neurological diseases. The present study investigates the therapeutic effects of blocking NogoA, inducing functional recovery and promoting white matter repair in an experimental animal model of stroke. Adult male rats were subjected to white matter injury by subcortical ischemic stroke. Twenty-four hours after surgery, 250 ug of anti-NogoA or anti-IgG-1 were administered through the tail vein. The quantity of NogoA protein was determined by immunohistochemistry in the brain and peripheral organs. In addition, functional status, lesion size, fiber tract integrity, axonal sprouting and white matter repair markers were analyzed. Moreover, an in vitro study was performed in order to strengthen the results obtained in vivo. A lower quantity of NogoA protein was found in the brain and peripheral organs of the animals that received anti-NogoA treatment. The animals receiving anti-NogoA treatment showed significantly better results in terms of functional recovery, fiber tract integrity, axonal sprouting and white matter repair markers compared with the control group at 28 days. White matter integrity was in part restored by antibody-mediated inhibition of NogoA administration in those animals that were subjected to an axonal injury by subcortical stroke. This white matter restoration triggered functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Otero-Ortega
- Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mari Carmen Gómez-de Frutos
- Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Laso-García
- Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Sánchez-Gonzalo
- Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arturo Martínez-Arroyo
- Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Exuperio Díez-Tejedor
- Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Gutiérrez-Fernández
- Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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20
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Shepherd DJ, Tsai SY, Cappucci SP, Wu JY, Farrer RG, Kartje GL. The Subventricular Zone Response to Stroke Is Not a Therapeutic Target of Anti-Nogo-A Immunotherapy. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2017; 76:683-696. [DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlx050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Shepherd
- From the Loyola University Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois (DJS, SPC, GLK); and Edward Hines Jr. Veterans Affairs Hospital, Research Service, Hines, Illinois (DJS, S-YT, SPC, JYW, RGF, GLK)
| | - Shih-Yen Tsai
- From the Loyola University Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois (DJS, SPC, GLK); and Edward Hines Jr. Veterans Affairs Hospital, Research Service, Hines, Illinois (DJS, S-YT, SPC, JYW, RGF, GLK)
| | - Stefanie P. Cappucci
- From the Loyola University Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois (DJS, SPC, GLK); and Edward Hines Jr. Veterans Affairs Hospital, Research Service, Hines, Illinois (DJS, S-YT, SPC, JYW, RGF, GLK)
| | - Joanna Y. Wu
- From the Loyola University Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois (DJS, SPC, GLK); and Edward Hines Jr. Veterans Affairs Hospital, Research Service, Hines, Illinois (DJS, S-YT, SPC, JYW, RGF, GLK)
| | - Robert G. Farrer
- From the Loyola University Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois (DJS, SPC, GLK); and Edward Hines Jr. Veterans Affairs Hospital, Research Service, Hines, Illinois (DJS, S-YT, SPC, JYW, RGF, GLK)
| | - Gwendolyn L. Kartje
- From the Loyola University Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois (DJS, SPC, GLK); and Edward Hines Jr. Veterans Affairs Hospital, Research Service, Hines, Illinois (DJS, S-YT, SPC, JYW, RGF, GLK)
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21
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Edwards HB, Mallick AA, O'Callaghan FJK. Immunotherapy for arterial ischaemic stroke in childhood: a systematic review. Arch Dis Child 2017; 102:410-415. [PMID: 27864289 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2016-311034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is little evidence about either prevention or treatment of childhood arterial ischaemic stroke (AIS). However, drugs that regulate the immune and inflammatory response could theoretically prevent occurrence or recurrence of AIS. Additionally, as an acute treatment, they may limit the neurological damage caused by AIS. Here, we systematically review the evidence on the use of immunotherapy in childhood AIS. DESIGN A systematic review of publications in databases Embase and Medline from inception. All types of evidence were included from trials, cohorts, case-control and cross-sectional studies and case reports. RESULTS 34 reports were included: 32 observational studies and 2 trials. Immunotherapy was used in two key patient groups: arteriopathy and acute infection. The majority were cases of varicella and primary angiitis of the central nervous system. All three cohorts and 80% of the case studies were treated with steroids. Recurrence rates were low. Analytical studies weakly associated steroids with lower odds of new stroke and neurological deficits, and better cognitive outcomes in the context of Moyamoya disease and tuberculosis. CONCLUSIONS Immunotherapies are used in children with AIS, mainly as steroids for children with arteriopathy. However, there is currently little robust evidence to either encourage or discourage this practice. There is weak evidence consistent with the hypothesis that in certain children at risk, steroids may both reduce the risk of occurrent/recurrent stroke and enhance neurological outcomes. As the potential benefit is still uncertain, this indicates that a trial of steroids in childhood AIS may be justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah B Edwards
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) West, Bristol, UK
| | - Andrew A Mallick
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Level 6, Education and Research Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - Finbar J K O'Callaghan
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University College London and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
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An L, Sun W. Prenatal melamine exposure impairs spatial cognition and hippocampal synaptic plasticity by presynaptic and postsynaptic inhibition of glutamatergic transmission in adolescent offspring. Toxicol Lett 2017; 269:55-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Shepherd DJ, Tsai SY, O'Brien TE, Farrer RG, Kartje GL. Anti-Nogo-A Immunotherapy Does Not Alter Hippocampal Neurogenesis after Stroke in Adult Rats. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:467. [PMID: 27803646 PMCID: PMC5067305 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of adult disability, including cognitive impairment. Our laboratory has previously shown that treatment with function-blocking antibodies against the neurite growth inhibitory protein Nogo-A promotes functional recovery after stroke in adult and aged rats, including enhancing spatial memory performance, for which the hippocampus is critically important. Since spatial memory has been linked to hippocampal neurogenesis, we investigated whether anti-Nogo-A treatment increases hippocampal neurogenesis after stroke. Adult rats were subject to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion followed 1 week later by 2 weeks of antibody treatment. Cellular proliferation in the dentate gyrus was quantified at the end of treatment, and the number of newborn neurons was determined at 8 weeks post-stroke. Treatment with both anti-Nogo-A and control antibodies stimulated the accumulation of new microglia/macrophages in the dentate granule cell layer, but neither treatment increased cellular proliferation or the number of newborn neurons above stroke-only levels. These results suggest that anti-Nogo-A immunotherapy does not increase post-stroke hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Shepherd
- Neuroscience Institute, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences DivisionMaywood, IL, USA; Research Service, Edward Hines Jr. VA HospitalHines, IL, USA
| | - Shih-Yen Tsai
- Research Service, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital Hines, IL, USA
| | - Timothy E O'Brien
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Loyola University Chicago Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert G Farrer
- Research Service, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital Hines, IL, USA
| | - Gwendolyn L Kartje
- Neuroscience Institute, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences DivisionMaywood, IL, USA; Research Service, Edward Hines Jr. VA HospitalHines, IL, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences DivisionMaywood, IL, USA
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24
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Blocking the Nogo-A Signaling Pathway to Promote Regeneration and Plasticity After Spinal Cord Injury and Stroke. Transl Neurosci 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-7654-3_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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25
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Vaagenes IC, Tsai SY, Ton ST, Husak VA, McGuire SO, O’Brien TE, Kartje GL. Binge ethanol prior to traumatic brain injury worsens sensorimotor functional recovery in rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120356. [PMID: 25768795 PMCID: PMC4359156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant number of patients suffering from traumatic brain injury (TBI) have a high blood alcohol level at the time of injury. Furthermore, drinking alcohol in a binge-like pattern is now recognized as a national problem, leading to a greater likelihood of being injured. Our objective was to determine the consequences of a binge paradigm of alcohol intoxication at the time of TBI on long-term functional outcome using a sensitive test of sensorimotor function. We trained adult, male, Sprague Dawley rats on the skilled forelimb reaching task and then administered a single binge dose of ethanol (2g/kg, i.p.) or saline for three consecutive days (for a total of 3 doses). One hour after the final ethanol dose, rats underwent a TBI to the sensorimotor cortex corresponding to the preferred reaching forelimb. Animals were then tested for seven weeks on the skilled forelimb reaching task to assess the profile of recovery. We found that the group given ethanol prior to TBI displayed a slower recovery curve with a lower recovery plateau as compared to the control group. Therefore, even a relatively short (3 day) episode of binge alcohol exposure can negatively impact long-term recovery from a TBI, underscoring this significant public health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C. Vaagenes
- Research Service, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Shih-Yen Tsai
- Research Service, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Son T. Ton
- Research Service, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois, United States of America
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Vicki A. Husak
- Research Service, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Susan O. McGuire
- Research Service, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Timothy E. O’Brien
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Loyola University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Gwendolyn L. Kartje
- Research Service, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
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26
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Hermann DM, Chopp M. Promoting Neurological Recovery in the Post-Acute Stroke Phase: Benefits and Challenges. Eur Neurol 2014; 72:317-25. [DOI: 10.1159/000365171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Tajiri N, Acosta S, Portillo-Gonzales GS, Aguirre D, Reyes S, Lozano D, Pabon M, Dela Peña I, Ji X, Yasuhara T, Date I, Solomita MA, Antonucci I, Stuppia L, Kaneko Y, Borlongan CV. Therapeutic outcomes of transplantation of amniotic fluid-derived stem cells in experimental ischemic stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:227. [PMID: 25165432 PMCID: PMC4131212 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating preclinical evidence suggests the use of amnion as a source of stem cells for investigations of basic science concepts related to developmental cell biology, but also for stem cells’ therapeutic applications in treating human disorders. We previously reported isolation of viable rat amniotic fluid-derived stem (AFS) cells. Subsequently, we recently reported the therapeutic benefits of intravenous transplantation of AFS cells in a rodent model of ischemic stroke. Parallel lines of investigations have provided safety and efficacy of stem cell therapy for treating stroke and other neurological disorders. This review article highlights the need for investigations of mechanisms underlying AFS cells’ therapeutic benefits and discusses lab-to-clinic translational gating items in an effort to optimize the clinical application of the cell transplantation for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Tajiri
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sandra Acosta
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Gabriel S Portillo-Gonzales
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Daniela Aguirre
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Stephanny Reyes
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Diego Lozano
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Mibel Pabon
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ike Dela Peña
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xunming Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing, China
| | - Takao Yasuhara
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama, Japan
| | - Isao Date
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama, Japan
| | - Marianna A Solomita
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ivana Antonucci
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, DISPUTer, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d 'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Liborio Stuppia
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, DISPUTer, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d 'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Yuji Kaneko
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine Tampa, FL, USA
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Neurovascular remodeling in the aged ischemic brain. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2013; 122 Suppl 1:S25-33. [PMID: 24378703 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-013-1148-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Restorative strategies after stroke are focused on the remodeling of cerebral endothelial cells and brain parenchymal cells. The latter, i.e., neurons, neural precursor cells and glial cells, synergistically interact with endothelial cells in the ischemic brain, providing a neurovascular unit whose components can be used as target for stroke therapies. Following focal cerebral ischemia, brain capillary cells are enabled to sprout. Neural precursor cells proliferate and migrate along cerebral microvessels to the ischemic lesion. Glial cells promote the restoration of functional microvessels and at the same time control the buildup of the extracellular matrix, creating a favorable environment to neuronal plasticity both in the ischemic and contralesional brain hemiphere. Until now, a large majority of studies have been performed in young, otherwise healthy animals. Recent behavioral, histochemical and molecular biological studies have shown that restorative brain responses differ between young and old animals, and that they are also modulated by age-related vascular risk factors, i.e., atherosclerosis, diabetes and hyperlipidemia. We claim that age aspects should more carefully be taken into consideration in translational proof-of-concept studies.
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Chollet F. Pharmacologic approaches to cerebral aging and neuroplasticity: insights from the stroke model. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2013. [PMID: 23576890 PMCID: PMC3622470 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2013.15.1/fchollet] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Brain plasticity is an intrinsic characteristic of the nervous system that allows continuous remodeling of brain functions in pathophysiological conditions. Although normal aging is associated with morphological modifications and decline of cerebral functions, brain plasticity is at least partially preserved in elderly individuals. A growing body of evidence supports the notion that cognitive enrichment and aerobic training induce a dynamic reorganization of higher cerebral functions, thereby helping to maintain operational skills in the elderly and reducing the incidence of dementia. The stroke model clearly shows that spontaneous brain plasticity exists after a lesion, even in old patients, and that it can be modulated through external factors like rehabilitation and drugs. Whether drugs can be used with the aim of modulating the effects of physical training or cognitive stimulation in healthy aged people has not been addressed until now. The risk:benefit ratio will be the key question with regard to the ethical aspect of this challenge. We review in this article the main aspects of human brain plasticity as shown in patients with stroke, the drug modulation of brain plasticity and its consequences on recovery, and finally we address the question of the influence of aging on brain plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Chollet
- Department of Neurology and Institute for Neurosciences, CHU and Toulouse University, Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France.
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Yu CY, Ng G, Liao P. Therapeutic antibodies in stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2013; 4:477-83. [PMID: 24098313 PMCID: PMC3787786 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-013-0281-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy represents an active area of biomedical research to treat cancer, autoimmune diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. In stroke, recanalization therapy is effective in reducing brain tissue damage after acute ischemic stroke. However, the narrow time window restricts its application for the majority of stroke patients. There is an urgent need to develop adjuvant therapies such as immunotherapy, stem cell replacement, and neuroprotective drugs. A number of molecules have been targeted for immunotherapy in stroke management, including myelin-associated proteins and their receptors, N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptors, cytokines, and cell adhesion molecules. Both active vaccination and passive antibodies were tested in animal models of acute ischemic stroke. However, the mechanisms underlying the efficacy of immunotherapy are different for each target protein. Blocking myelin-associated proteins may enhance neuroplasticity, whereas blocking adhesion molecules may yield neuroprotection by suppressing the immune response after stroke. Although results from animal studies are encouraging, clinical trials using therapeutic antibodies failed to improve stroke outcome due to severe side effects. It remains a challenge to generate specific therapeutic antibodies with minimal side effects on other organs and systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chye Yun Yu
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433 Singapore
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31
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Zhao S, Zhao M, Xiao T, Jolkkonen J, Zhao C. Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy Overcomes the Intrinsic Axonal Growth–Inhibitory Signals in Stroke Rats. Stroke 2013; 44:1698-705. [PMID: 23632976 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.111.000361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) improves functional outcome in patients with stroke possibly through structural plasticity. We hypothesized that CIMT could enhance axonal growth by overcoming the intrinsic growth–inhibitory signals, leading eventually to improved behavioral performance in stroke rats.
Methods—
Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by intracerebral injection of endothelin-1. Adult Wistar rats were divided into a sham-operated group, an ischemic group, and an ischemic group treated with CIMT. CIMT started at postoperative day 7 and continued for 3 weeks. Biotinylated dextran amine was injected into the contralateral sensorimotor cortex at postoperative day 14 to trace crossing axons at the cervical spinal cord. The expressions of Nogo-A, Nogo receptor, RhoA, and Rho-associated kinase in the peri-infarct cortex, and the expressions of biotinylated dextran amine, growth associated protein-43, synaptophysin, vGlut1, and postsynaptic density-95 in the denervated spinal cord were measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blots. Behavioral recovery was analyzed at postoperative days 29 to 32.
Results—
Infarct volumes were not different between groups after stroke. CIMT significantly increased the length and the number of midline crossings of contralateral corticospinal axons to the denervated cervical spinal cord. CIMT significantly decreased the expressions of Nogo-A/Nogo receptor and RhoA/Rho-associated kinase in the peri-infarct cortex, and increased the expressions of growth associated protein-43, synaptophysin, vGlut1, and postsynaptic density-95 in the denervated cervical spinal cord. Behavioral performances assessed by the beam-walking test and the water maze test were improved significantly by CIMT.
Conclusions—
CIMT promoted poststroke synaptic plasticity and axonal growth at least partially by overcoming the intrinsic growth–inhibitory signaling, leading to improved behavioral outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhao
- From the Department of Neurology (S.Z., C.Z.), and Department of Dermatology (T.X.), The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China; Department of Cardiology, Shengjing hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (M.Z.); Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (T.X.); and Institute of Clinical Medicine–Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (J.J.)
| | - Mei Zhao
- From the Department of Neurology (S.Z., C.Z.), and Department of Dermatology (T.X.), The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China; Department of Cardiology, Shengjing hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (M.Z.); Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (T.X.); and Institute of Clinical Medicine–Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (J.J.)
| | - Ting Xiao
- From the Department of Neurology (S.Z., C.Z.), and Department of Dermatology (T.X.), The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China; Department of Cardiology, Shengjing hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (M.Z.); Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (T.X.); and Institute of Clinical Medicine–Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (J.J.)
| | - Jukka Jolkkonen
- From the Department of Neurology (S.Z., C.Z.), and Department of Dermatology (T.X.), The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China; Department of Cardiology, Shengjing hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (M.Z.); Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (T.X.); and Institute of Clinical Medicine–Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (J.J.)
| | - Chuansheng Zhao
- From the Department of Neurology (S.Z., C.Z.), and Department of Dermatology (T.X.), The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China; Department of Cardiology, Shengjing hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (M.Z.); Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (T.X.); and Institute of Clinical Medicine–Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (J.J.)
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32
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Hu X, Zhang Y, Li W, Liu J, Li Y. Preconditioning with sevoflurane ameliorates spatial learning and memory deficit after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2013; 31:328-33. [PMID: 23628555 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that sevoflurane could attenuate cerebral neuron necrosis and apoptosis in ischemia-reperfusion models in rats. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of preconditioning with sevoflurane on spatial learning and memory ability after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats and its potential mechanisms. Focal cerebral ischemia was performed via 1h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by reperfusion. Before ischemia, rats were subjected to preconditioning with inhalation of 2.4% sevoflurane for 1h. The spatial learning and memory ability of rats was measured by the Morris water maze. The activity of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in hippocampus CA1 region was observed by immunohistochemistry method. We found MCAO elicited a significant decrease of the ability of spatial learning and memory in contrast to the sham surgery controls. However, preconditioning with sevoflurane resulted in significantly ameliorates spatial learning and memory deficit induced by MCAO. Furthermore, the number of ChAT positive cells in hippocampus CA1 region in sevoflurane preconditioning group was striking more than that of ischemia-reperfusion group. All results suggested that preconditioning with 2.4% sevoflurane could ameliorate the ability of spatial learning and memory after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats via protecting the cholinergic neurons in hippocampal CA1 region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwen Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, PR China
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33
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VanGuilder Starkey HD, Sonntag WE, Freeman WM. Increased hippocampal NgR1 signaling machinery in aged rats with deficits of spatial cognition. Eur J Neurosci 2013; 37:1643-58. [PMID: 23438185 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Myelin-associated inhibitor/NgR1 signaling has important roles in modulation of synaptic plasticity, with demonstrated effects on cognitive function. We have previously demonstrated that NgR1 and its ligands are upregulated in the hippocampus of aged rats with impaired spatial learning and memory, but it is unknown whether increased expression of these proteins indicates a potential increase in pathway signaling because NgR1 requires co-receptors for signal transduction through RhoA. Two co-receptor complexes have been identified to date, comprised of NgR1 and LINGO-1, and either p75 or TROY. In this study, we assessed the expression of LINGO-1, p75 and TROY, and the downstream effector RhoA in mature adult (12 months) and aged (26 months) male Fischer 344/Brown Norway hybrid rats classified as cognitively impaired or cognitively intact by Morris water maze testing. The hippocampal distribution of NgR1 and its co-receptors was assessed to determine whether receptor/co-receptor interaction, and therefore signaling through this pathway, is possible. Protein expression of LINGO-1, p75, TROY and RhoA was significantly elevated in cognitively impaired, but not intact, aged rats compared with mature adults, and expression levels correlated significantly with water maze performance. Co-localization of NgR1 with LINGO-1, p75 and TROY was observed in hippocampal neurons of aged, cognitively impaired rats. Further, expression profiles of NgR1 pathway components were demonstrated to classify rats as cognitively intact or cognitively impaired with high accuracy. Together, this suggests that hippocampal induction of this pathway is a conserved phenomenon in cognitive decline that may impair learning and memory by suppressing neuronal plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather D VanGuilder Starkey
- Department of Pharmacology, R130 Hershey Center for Applied Research, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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34
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Hamadjida A, Wyss AF, Mir A, Schwab ME, Belhaj-Saif A, Rouiller EM. Influence of anti-Nogo-A antibody treatment on the reorganization of callosal connectivity of the premotor cortical areas following unilateral lesion of primary motor cortex (M1) in adult macaque monkeys. Exp Brain Res 2012; 223:321-40. [PMID: 22990293 PMCID: PMC3483106 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-012-3262-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Following unilateral lesion of the primary motor cortex, the reorganization of callosal projections from the intact hemisphere to the ipsilesional premotor cortex (PM) was investigated in 7 adult macaque monkeys, in absence of treatment (control; n = 4) or treated with function blocking antibodies against the neurite growth inhibitory protein Nogo-A (n = 3). After functional recovery, though incomplete, the tracer biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) was injected in the ipsilesional PM. Retrogradely labelled neurons were plotted in the intact hemisphere and their number was normalized with respect to the volume of the core of BDA injection sites. (1) The callosal projections to PM in the controls originate mainly from homotypic PM areas and, but to a somewhat lesser extent, from the mesial cortex (cingulate and supplementary motor areas). (2) In the lesioned anti-Nogo-A antibody-treated monkeys, the normalized number of callosal retrogradely labelled neurons was up to several folds higher than in controls, especially in the homotypic PM areas. (3) Except one control with a small lesion and a limited, transient deficit, the anti-Nogo-A antibody-treated monkeys recovered to nearly baseline levels of performance (73–90 %), in contrast to persistent deficits in the control monkeys. These results are consistent with a sprouting and/or sparing of callosal axons promoted by the anti-Nogo-A antibody treatment after lesion of the primary motor cortex, as compared to untreated monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adjia Hamadjida
- Program in Neurosciences, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Sciences and Fribourg Centre for Cognition, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Alexander F. Wyss
- Program in Neurosciences, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Sciences and Fribourg Centre for Cognition, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Anis Mir
- Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin E. Schwab
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zürich and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Abderaouf Belhaj-Saif
- Program in Neurosciences, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Sciences and Fribourg Centre for Cognition, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Eric M. Rouiller
- Program in Neurosciences, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Sciences and Fribourg Centre for Cognition, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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35
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Tajiri N, Acosta S, Glover LE, Bickford PC, Jacotte Simancas A, Yasuhara T, Date I, Solomita MA, Antonucci I, Stuppia L, Kaneko Y, Borlongan CV. Intravenous grafts of amniotic fluid-derived stem cells induce endogenous cell proliferation and attenuate behavioral deficits in ischemic stroke rats. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43779. [PMID: 22912905 PMCID: PMC3422299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently reported isolation of viable rat amniotic fluid-derived stem (AFS) cells [1]. Here, we tested the therapeutic benefits of AFS cells in a rodent model of ischemic stroke. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats received a 60-minute middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). Thirty-five days later, animals exhibiting significant motor deficits received intravenous transplants of rat AFS cells or vehicle. At days 60–63 post-MCAo, significant recovery of motor and cognitive function was seen in stroke animals transplanted with AFS cells compared to vehicle-infused stroke animals. Infarct volume, as revealed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, was significantly reduced, coupled with significant increments in the cell proliferation marker, Ki67, and the neuronal marker, MAP2, in the dentate gyrus (DG) [2] and the subventricular zone (SVZ) of AFS cell-transplanted stroke animals compared to vehicle-infused stroke animals. A significantly higher number of double-labeled Ki67/MAP2-positive cells and a similar trend towards increased Ki67/MAP2 double-labeling were observed in the DG and SVZ of AFS cell-transplanted stroke animals, respectively, compared to vehicle-infused stroke animals. This study reports the therapeutic potential of AFS cell transplantation in stroke animals, possibly via enhancement of endogenous repair mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Tajiri
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sandra Acosta
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Loren E. Glover
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Paula C. Bickford
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Alejandra Jacotte Simancas
- Departamento de Psicobiologia y Metodologia de las Cièncias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Takao Yasuhara
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Isao Date
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Marianna A. Solomita
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, School of Advanced Studies G.d'Annunzio, Chieti University and Stem TeCh Group, Aging Research Center, Chieti- Pescara, Italy
| | - Ivana Antonucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, School of Advanced Studies G.d'Annunzio, Chieti University and Stem TeCh Group, Aging Research Center, Chieti- Pescara, Italy
| | - Liborio Stuppia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, School of Advanced Studies G.d'Annunzio, Chieti University and Stem TeCh Group, Aging Research Center, Chieti- Pescara, Italy
| | - Yuji Kaneko
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Cesar V. Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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36
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Cognitive functions of carotid artery stenosis in the aged rat. Neuroscience 2012; 219:137-44. [PMID: 22677203 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Carotid artery stenosis appears to be an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment. But the mechanisms of cognitive impairments occurring in patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis are poorly understood. One important reason is the absence of a good carotid stenosis model. In the present study, after establishing different degrees of carotid stenosis models in aged rats successfully, we investigated their cognitive function. Wistar rat models with carotid artery stenosis were established by ligating the common carotid artery along with various gauges of needle and then removing the needle. The cognitive performance was assessed using Morris water maze (MWM) task. Cholinergic markers like acetylcholine (ACh) were evaluated in hippocampus. Neuronal damage was also studied through morphological changes. Severe carotid stenosis led to impairment in learning ability and memory retrieval, accompanied with a decrease in ACh level and morphological damage in hippocampus. Moderate carotid stenosis rats had a partial cognitive impairment, but there were no changes in ACh level and morphological damage in hippocampus. Meanwhile, mild carotid stenosis rats had no cognitive impairment compared to sham-operated rats. The results of this study suggest that different degrees of carotid stenosis induce different cognitive changes in aged rats.
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37
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VanGuilder HD, Bixler GV, Sonntag WE, Freeman WM. Hippocampal expression of myelin-associated inhibitors is induced with age-related cognitive decline and correlates with deficits of spatial learning and memory. J Neurochem 2012; 121:77-98. [PMID: 22269040 PMCID: PMC3341628 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07671.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Impairment of cognitive functions including hippocampus-dependent spatial learning and memory affects nearly half of the aged population. Age-related cognitive decline is associated with synaptic dysfunction that occurs in the absence of neuronal cell loss, suggesting that impaired neuronal signaling and plasticity may underlie age-related deficits of cognitive function. Expression of myelin-associated inhibitors (MAIs) of synaptic plasticity, including the ligands myelin-associated glycoprotein, neurite outgrowth inhibitor A, and oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein, and their common receptor, Nogo-66 receptor, was examined in hippocampal synaptosomes and Cornu ammonis area (CA)1, CA3 and dentate gyrus subregions derived from adult (12-13 months) and aged (26-28 months) Fischer 344 × Brown Norway rats. Rats were behaviorally phenotyped by Morris water maze testing and classified as aged cognitively intact (n = 7-8) or aged cognitively impaired (n = 7-10) relative to adults (n = 5-7). MAI protein expression was induced in cognitively impaired, but not cognitively intact, aged rats and correlated with cognitive performance in individual rats. Immunohistochemical experiments demonstrated that up-regulation of MAIs occurs, in part, in hippocampal neuronal axons and somata. While a number of pathways and processes are altered with brain aging, we report a coordinated induction of myelin-associated inhibitors of functional and structural plasticity only in cognitively impaired aged rats. Induction of MAIs may decrease stimulus-induced synaptic strengthening and structural remodeling, ultimately impairing synaptic mechanisms of spatial learning and memory and resulting in cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather D. VanGuilder
- Department of Pharmacology, R130, Hershey Center for Applied Research, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - Georgina V. Bixler
- Department of Pharmacology, R130, Hershey Center for Applied Research, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - William E. Sonntag
- Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC-1303, Oklahoma City OK 73104 USA
| | - Willard M. Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology, R130, Hershey Center for Applied Research, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
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38
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Hermann DM, Chopp M. Promoting brain remodelling and plasticity for stroke recovery: therapeutic promise and potential pitfalls of clinical translation. Lancet Neurol 2012; 11:369-80. [PMID: 22441198 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(12)70039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent laboratory findings suggest that it might be possible to promote cerebral plasticity and neurological recovery after stroke by use of exogenous pharmacological or cell-based treatments. Brain microvasculature and glial cells respond in concert to ischaemic stressors and treatment, creating an environment in which successful recovery can ensue. Neurons remote from and adjacent to the ischaemic lesion are enabled to sprout, and neural precursor cells that accumulate with cerebral microvessels in the perilesional tissue further stimulate brain plasticity and neurological recovery. These factors interact in a highly dynamic way, facilitating temporally and spatially orchestrated responses of brain networks. In view of the complexity of the systems involved, stroke treatments that stimulate and amplify these endogenous restorative mechanisms might also provoke unwanted side-effects. In experimental studies, adverse effects have been identified when neurorestorative treatments were administered to animals with severe associated illnesses, after thrombolysis with alteplase, and when therapies were initiated outside appropriate time windows. Balancing the opportunities and possible risks, we provide suggestions for the translation of restorative therapies from the laboratory to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk M Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
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Wu X, Luo Y, Liu S, Li K. Experience-dependent expression of Nogo-A and Nogo receptor in the developing rat visual cortex. Neural Regen Res 2012; 7:13-7. [PMID: 25806052 PMCID: PMC4354109 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nogo-A and Nogo receptor (NgR) expression in the visual cortex following a critical developmental period (postnatal days 20-60) has been previously shown. However, little is known regarding Nogo-A and NgR expression between postnatal day 0 and initiation of the critical period. The present study analyzed Nogo-A and NgR expression at four different time points: postnatal day 0 (P0), before critical period (P14), during critical period (P28), and after critical period (P60). Results showed significantly increased Nogo-A mRNA and protein expression levels in the visual cortex following birth, and expression levels remained steady between P28 and P60. NgR mRNA or protein expression was dramatically upregulated with age and peaked at P14 or P28, respectively, and maintained high expression to P60. In addition, Nogo-A and NgR expression was analyzed in each visual cortex layer in normal developing rats and rats with monocular deprivation. Monocular deprivation decreased Nogo-A and NgR mRNA and protein expression in the rat visual cortex, in particular in layers II-III and IV in the visual cortex contralateral to the deprived eye. These findings suggested that Nogo-A and NgR regulated termination of the critical period in experience- dependent visual cortical plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China,
Corresponding author: Xiaoying Wu, Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China (N20110225002/WLM)
| | - Yulin Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shuangzhen Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kuanshu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
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Zhu WW, Ma XL, Guo AL, Zhao HY, Luo HH. Neuroprotective effects of NEP1-40 and fasudil on Nogo-A expression in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2011; 10:2987-95. [PMID: 22180032 DOI: 10.4238/2011.november.29.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy caused by peripartum asphyxia is a serious disease in newborn infants, and effective therapies need to be developed to reduce injury-related disorders. We evaluated the effects of NEP1-40 and fasudil on Nogo-A expression in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) rats. Seven-day-old Wistar rats were randomly divided into control, HIBD, NEP1-40, and fasudil groups. NEP1-40 and fasudil groups were injected intraperitoneally with these compounds. Rat brains at 6, 24, 72 h, and 7 days after HIBD were collected to determine histopathological damage and the expression levels of Nogo-A. Histopathological damage was reduced in NEP1-40 and fasudil groups compared with the untreated HIBD group. The expression of Nogo-A in the HIBD group was significantly higher than that in control, NEP1-40 and fasudil groups at the same times. Compared with the fasudil group, the expression levels of Nogo-A were significantly reduced in the NEP1-40 group. We conclude that NPE1-40 and fasudil have potential for neuroprotective effects in the neonatal rat HIBD model, mediated by inhibiting Nogo-A/ Rho pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- W W Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China.
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Reactivation of visual cortical plasticity by NEP1-40 from early monocular deprivation in adult rats. Neurosci Lett 2011; 494:196-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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42
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VanGuilder HD, Farley JA, Yan H, Van Kirk CA, Mitschelen M, Sonntag WE, Freeman WM. Hippocampal dysregulation of synaptic plasticity-associated proteins with age-related cognitive decline. Neurobiol Dis 2011; 43:201-12. [PMID: 21440628 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2011.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related cognitive decline occurs without frank neurodegeneration and is the most common cause of memory impairment in aging individuals. With increasing longevity, cognitive deficits, especially in hippocampus-dependent memory processes, are increasing in prevalence. Nevertheless, the neurobiological basis of age-related cognitive decline remains unknown. While concerted efforts have led to the identification of neurobiological changes with aging, few age-related alterations have been definitively correlated to behavioral measures of cognitive decline. In this work, adult (12 months) and aged (28 months) rats were categorized by Morris water maze performance as Adult cognitively Intact, Aged cognitively Intact or Aged cognitively Impaired, and protein expression was examined in hippocampal synaptosome preparations. Previously described differences in synaptic expression of neurotransmission-associated proteins (Dnm1, Hpca, Stx1, Syn1, Syn2, Syp, SNAP25, VAMP2 and 14-3-3 eta, gamma, and zeta) were confirmed between Adult and Aged rats, with no further dysregulation associated with cognitive impairment. Proteins related to synaptic structural stability (MAP2, drebrin, Nogo-A) and activity-dependent signaling (PSD-95, 14-3-3θ, CaMKIIα) were up- and down-regulated, respectively, with cognitive impairment but were not altered with increasing age. Localization of MAP2, PSD-95, and CaMKIIα demonstrated protein expression alterations throughout the hippocampus. The altered expression of activity- and structural stability-associated proteins suggests that impaired synaptic plasticity is a distinct phenomenon that occurs with age-related cognitive decline, and demonstrates that cognitive decline is not simply an exacerbation of the aging phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather D VanGuilder
- Penn State College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Hershey Center for Applied Research, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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