1
|
Rosenbaum D, Blum L, Schweizer P, Fallgatter AJ, Herrmann MJ, Ehlis AC, Metzger FG. Comparison of speed versus complexity effects on the hemodynamic response of the trail making test in block designs. NEUROPHOTONICS 2018; 5:045007. [PMID: 30539043 PMCID: PMC6286664 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.5.4.045007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The use of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in block designs provides measures of cortical activity in ecologically valid environments. However, in some cases, the use of block designs may be problematic when data are not corrected for performance in a time-restricted block. We sought to investigate the effects of task complexity and processing speed on hemodynamic responses in an fNIRS block design. To differentiate the effects of task complexity and processing speed, 20 subjects completed the trail making test (TMT) in two versions (TMT-A versus TMT-B) and three different speed levels (slow versus moderate versus fast). During TMT-A, subjects are asked to connect encircled numbers in numerically ascending order (1-2-3…). In the more complex TMT-B, subjects are instructed to connect encircled numbers and letters in alternating ascending order (1-A-2-B…). To illustrate the obscuring effects of processing speed on task complexity, we perform two different analyses. First, we analyze the classical measures of oxygenated blood, and second, we analyze the measures corrected for the number of processed items. Our results show large effects for processing speed within the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and superior parietal lobule (SPL). The TMT contrast did not show significant effects with classical measures, although trends are observed for higher activation during TMT-B. When corrected for processed items, higher activity for TMT-B in comparison to TMT-A is found within the SPL. The results are discussed in light of recent research designs, and simple to use correction methods are suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Rosenbaum
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Leonore Blum
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Paul Schweizer
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas J. Fallgatter
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tuebingen, Germany
- University of Tuebingen, Center of Integrative Neuroscience, Cluster of Excellence, Tuebingen, Germany
- University of Tuebingen, LEAD Graduate School and Research Network, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Martin J. Herrmann
- University Hospital Wuerzburg, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Christine Ehlis
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tuebingen, Germany
- University of Tuebingen, LEAD Graduate School and Research Network, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Florian G. Metzger
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tuebingen, Germany
- University Hospital Tuebingen, Geriatric Center, Tuebingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
A Study of the Effects of Daily Physical Activity on Memory and Attention Capacities in College Students. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2018; 2018:2942930. [PMID: 29765585 PMCID: PMC5885397 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2942930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the relationship between daily physical activity (DPA) and memory capacity, as well as the association between daily activity and attention capacity, in college students in Taiwan. Participants (mean age = 20.79) wore wearable trackers for 106 days in order to collect DPA. These data were analyzed in association with their memory and attention capacities, as assessed using the spatial span test (SST) and the trail making test (TMT). The study showed significant negative correlations between memory capacity, time spent on the attention test (TSAT), calories burnt, and very active time duration (VATD) on the day before testing (r = −0.272, r = −0.176, r = 0.289, r = 0.254, resp.) and during the week prior to testing (r = −0.364, r = −0.395, r = 0.268, r = 0.241, resp.). The calories burnt and the VATD per day thresholds, which at best discriminated between normal-to-good and low attention capacity, were ≥2283 calories day−1, ≥20 minutes day−1 of very high activity (VHA) on the day before testing, or ≥13,640 calories week−1, ≥76 minutes week−1 of VHA during the week prior to testing. Findings indicated the short-term effects that VATD and calories burnt on the day before or during the week before testing significantly and negatively associated with memory and attention capacities of college students.
Collapse
|
3
|
Huppert TJ, Karim H, Lin CC, Alqahtani BA, Greenspan SL, Sparto PJ. Functional imaging of cognition in an old-old population: A case for portable functional near-infrared spectroscopy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184918. [PMID: 29023452 PMCID: PMC5638236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to record brain activation during cognitive testing in older individuals (88±6yo; N = 19) living in residential care communities. This population, which is often associated with loss of personal independence due to physical or cognitive decline associated with aging, is also often under-represented in neuroscience research because of a limited means to participate in studies which often take place in large urban or university centers. In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility and initial results using a portable 8-source by 4-detector fNIRS system to measure brain activity from participants within residential care community centers. Using fNIRS, brain signals were recorded during a series of computerized cognitive tests, including a Symbol Digit Coding test (SDC), Stroop Test (ST), and Shifting Attention Test (SAT). The SDC and SAT elicited greater activity in the left middle frontal region of interest. Three components of the ST produced increases in the right middle frontal and superior frontal, and left superior frontal regions. An association between advanced age and increased activation in the right middle frontal region was observed during the incongruent ST. Although none of the participants had clinical dementia based on the short portable mental status questionnaire, the group performance was slightly below age-normed values on these cognitive tests. These results demonstrate the capability for obtaining functional neuroimaging measures in residential settings, which ultimately may aid in prognosis and care related to dementia in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theodore J. Huppert
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Helmet Karim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Chia-Cheng Lin
- Department of Physical Therapy, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Bader A. Alqahtani
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Susan L. Greenspan
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Patrick J. Sparto
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen M, Blumen HM, Izzetoglu M, Holtzer R. Spatial Coregistration of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy to Brain MRI. J Neuroimaging 2017; 27:453-460. [PMID: 28266747 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Traditional neuroimaging techniques restrict movement and make it difficult to study the processes that require oral, upper limb, or lower limb motor execution. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an optical neuroimaging modality that measures brain oxygenation and permits movement during data acquisition. A key limitation of fNIRS, however, is the lack of a standard method to coregister quantitative fNIRS measurements to structural images such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Additionally, fNIRS-MRI coregistration studies have not been reported in older adults. METHODS fNIRS and structural MRI were acquired from 30 nondemented older adults. Sixteen fNIRS channels that assess hemodynamic changes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC; an area crucial in various age-related processes) were coregistered to structural MRI. Vitamin E capsules were used to mark the locations of fNIRS detectors and light sources on the scalp. We used the balloon-inflation algorithm to project fNIRS channel locations on the scalp to underlying cortical surface. RESULTS We provide coordinates for the 16 fNIRS channels in the PFC on the cortical surface in both MNI and Talairach spaces, with minimal variability that is within the spatial resolution of our fNIRS system. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides useful spatial information for stand-alone fNIRS data in future studies, particularly investigations in age-related processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Chen
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY
| | - Helena M Blumen
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY
| | - Meltem Izzetoglu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science; and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Roee Holtzer
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY.,Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Altered frontal pole development affects self-generated spatial working memory in ADHD. Brain Dev 2016; 38:471-80. [PMID: 26709204 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spatial working memory (SWM) dysfunction is a feature of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Previous studies suggested that behavioral performance in self-generated SWM improves through development in children with and without ADHD. Nevertheless, developmental changes in the neural underpinnings of self-generated SWM are unknown. METHOD Using near-infrared spectroscopy, hemodynamic activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) was measured in 30 children with ADHD (9.5 ± 1.6 years-old) and 35 TD children (9.0 ± 1.6 years-old) while they performed a self-generated SWM task. We then investigated correlations between age and behavioral performance, and between age and hemodynamic activity in the PFC for each group. RESULTS Both groups showed a negative correlation with age and number of errors [ADHD: r(28)=-0.37, p=0.040; TD: r(33)=-0.59, p<0.001], indicating that self-generated SWM improves through development. The TD group showed a positive correlation between age and oxygenated hemoglobin in the frontal pole [10ch: r(33)=0.41, p=0.013; 11ch; r(33)=0.44, p=0.008] and bilateral lateral PFC [4ch: r(33)=0.34, p=0.049; 13ch; r(33)=0.54, p=0.001], while no significant correlation was found in the ADHD group. Furthermore, regression slopes for the frontal pole significantly differed between the TD and ADHD groups [10ch: t(61)=2.35, p=0.021; 11ch: t(61)=2.05, p=0.044]. CONCLUSION Children with ADHD showed abnormalities in functional maturation of the frontal pole, which plays a role in manipulating and maintaining information associated with self-generated behavior.
Collapse
|
6
|
Stojanovic-Radic J, Wylie G, Voelbel G, Chiaravalloti N, DeLuca J. Neuroimaging and cognition using functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in multiple sclerosis. Brain Imaging Behav 2016; 9:302-11. [PMID: 24916919 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-014-9307-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study utilized functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to detect neural activation differences in the orbitofrontal brain region between individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) and healthy controls (HCs) during a working memory (WM) task. Thirteen individuals with MS and 12 HCs underwent fNIRS recording while performing the n-back WM task with four levels of difficulty (0-, 1-, 2-, and 3-back). Subjects were fitted with the fNIRS cap consisting of 30 'optodes' positioned over the forehead. The results revealed different patterns of brain activation in MS and HCs. The MS group showed an increase in brain activation, as measured by the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin (oxyHb), in the left superior frontal gyrus (LSFG) at lower task difficulty levels (i.e. 1-back), followed by a decrease at higher task difficulty (2- and 3-back) as compared with the HC group. HC group achieved higher accuracy than the MS group on the lower task loads (i.e. 0- and 1-back), however there were no performance differences between the groups at the higher task loads (i.e. 2- and 3-back). Taken together, the results suggest that individuals with MS experience a task with the lower cognitive load as more difficult than the HC group, and the brain activation patterns observed during the task confirm some of the previous findings from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. This study is the first to investigate brain activation by utilizing the method of fNIRS in MS during the performance of a cognitive task.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Stojanovic-Radic
- Kessler Foundation, Neuropsychology and Neuroscience Laboratory, 300 Executive Drive, Suite 70, West Orange, NJ, 07052, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nakahachi T, Ishii R, Canuet L, Iwase M. Implied functional crossed cerebello-cerebral diaschisis and interhemispheric compensation during hand grasping more than 20 years after unilateral cerebellar injury in early childhood. CEREBELLUM & ATAXIAS 2015; 2:15. [PMID: 26594383 PMCID: PMC4654829 DOI: 10.1186/s40673-015-0032-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crossed cerebello-cerebral diaschisis (CCCD) conventionally refers to decreased resting cerebral activity caused by injury to the contralateral cerebellum. We investigated whether functional activation of a contralesional cerebral cortical region controlling a specific task is reduced during task performance in a patient with a unilateral cerebellar lesion. We also examined functional compensation by the corresponding ipsilesional cerebral cortex. It was hypothesized that dysfunction of the primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1) contralateral to the cerebellar lesion would be detected together with a compensatory increase in neural activity of the ipsilesional SM1. To test these possibilities, we conducted non-invasive functional neuroimaging techniques for bilateral SM1 during hand grasping, a task known to activate predominantly the SM1 contralateral to the grasping hand. Activity in SM1 during hand grasping was measured electrophysiologically by magnetoencephalography and hemodynamically by near-infrared spectroscopy in an adult with mild right hemiataxia associated with a large injury of the right cerebellum due to resection of a tumor in early childhood. RESULTS During left hand grasping, increased neural activity was detected predominantly in the right SM1, the typical developmental pattern. In contrast, neural activity increased in the bilateral SM1 with slight right-side dominance during right (ataxic) hand grasping. CONCLUSIONS This study reported a case that implied functional CCCD and compensatory neural activity in the SM1 during performance of a simple hand motor task in an adult with unilateral cerebellar injury and mild hemiataxia 24 years prior to the study without rehabilitative interventions. This suggests that unilateral cerebellar injuries in early childhood may result in persistent functional abnormalities in the cerebrum into adulthood. Therapeutic treatments that target functional CCCD and interhemispheric compensation might be effective for treating ataxia due to unilateral cerebellar damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Nakahachi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, D3 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Ryouhei Ishii
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, D3 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Leonides Canuet
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, Madrid Complutense University and Madrid Polytechnic University, Campus Montegancedo, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid Spain
| | - Masao Iwase
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, D3 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sagari A, Iso N, Moriuchi T, Ogahara K, Kitajima E, Tanaka K, Tabira T, Higashi T. Changes in Cerebral Hemodynamics during Complex Motor Learning by Character Entry into Touch-Screen Terminals. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140552. [PMID: 26485534 PMCID: PMC4618511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Studies of cerebral hemodynamics during motor learning have mostly focused on neurorehabilitation interventions and their effectiveness. However, only a few imaging studies of motor learning and the underlying complex cognitive processes have been performed. Methods We measured cerebral hemodynamics using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in relation to acquisition patterns of motor skills in healthy subjects using character entry into a touch-screen terminal. Twenty healthy, right-handed subjects who had no previous experience with character entry using a touch-screen terminal participated in this study. They were asked to enter the characters of a randomly formed Japanese syllabary into the touch-screen terminal. All subjects performed the task with their right thumb for 15 s alternating with 25 s of rest for 30 repetitions. Performance was calculated by subtracting the number of incorrect answers from the number of correct answers, and gains in motor skills were evaluated according to the changes in performance across cycles. Behavioral and oxygenated hemoglobin concentration changes across task cycles were analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlations. Results Performance correlated positively with task cycle, thus confirming motor learning. Hemodynamic activation over the left sensorimotor cortex (SMC) showed a positive correlation with task cycle, whereas activations over the right prefrontal cortex (PFC) and supplementary motor area (SMA) showed negative correlations. Conclusions We suggest that increases in finger momentum with motor learning are reflected in the activity of the left SMC. We further speculate that the right PFC and SMA were activated during the early phases of motor learning, and that this activity was attenuated with learning progress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Sagari
- Unit of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Japanese Red Cross Society Nagasaki Genbaku Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Naoki Iso
- Unit of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Medical Corporation Tojinkai Miharadai Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takefumi Moriuchi
- Unit of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Medical Corporation Tojinkai Miharadai Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kakuya Ogahara
- Faculty of Health and Social Work, School of Rehabilitation, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Eiji Kitajima
- Center for Industry, University and Government Cooperation, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Koji Tanaka
- Unit of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tabira
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nishikyushu University, Saga, Japan
| | - Toshio Higashi
- Unit of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Magalhães JC, Gongora M, Vicente R, Bittencourt J, Tanaka G, Velasques B, Teixeira S, Morato G, Basile LF, Arias-Carrión O, Pompeu FA, Cagy M, Ribeiro P. The influence of levetiracetam in cognitive performance in healthy individuals: neuropsychological, behavioral and electrophysiological approach. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN COLLEGE OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 13:83-93. [PMID: 25912541 PMCID: PMC4423160 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2015.13.1.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study sought to analyze the influence of Levetiracetam (LEV) in cognitive performance by identifying the changes produced by LEV in reaction time, in neuropsychological assessment of attention and memory and in absolute theta power in frontal activity. METHODS Twelve healthy subjects (5 men and 7 women; mean age, 30.08 years, standard deviation, 4.71) were recruited for this study. The neuropsychological tests: Trail Making Test (A and B), Digit Span (direct and indirect numerical orders/working memory); Stroop test (inhibitory control of attention); Tower of London (planning and decision-making) and a quantitative electroencephalography were applied in 2 different days after and before the participants ingested the capsule of placebo or 500 mg LEV. RESULTS A two-way-ANOVA was implemented to observe the interaction between conditions (placebo or LEV 500 mg) and moments (pre- and post-ingestion of LEV or placebo). The data were analyzed by the SPSS statistical package (p<0.05). For the neuropsychological parameter, the Trail Making Test (A) was the only test that showed significant difference for condition in the task execution time (p=0.026). Regarding the reaction time in the behavioral parameter, an interaction between both factors (p=0.034) was identified through a two-way-ANOVA (condition versus moment). Electrophysiological measures showed a significant interaction for electrodes: F7, F3, and FZ. CONCLUSIONS The findings showed that LEV promotes an important cognitive enhancement in the executive functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julio Cesar Magalhães
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil
| | - Mariana Gongora
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil
| | - Renan Vicente
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil
- Bioscience Department (EEFD/UFRJ), School of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil
| | - Juliana Bittencourt
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil
- Institute of Applied Neuroscience (INA), Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil
- Veiga de Almeida University, Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil
| | - Guaraci Tanaka
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil
| | - Bruna Velasques
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil
- Bioscience Department (EEFD/UFRJ), School of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil
- Institute of Applied Neuroscience (INA), Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil
| | - Silmar Teixeira
- Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina,
Brazil
| | - Gledys Morato
- Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina,
Brazil
| | - Luis F. Basile
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology, Faculdade da Saúde, UMESP, São Paulo,
Brazil
| | - Oscar Arias-Carrión
- Movement Disorders and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Unit, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzãlez, Mexico D.F.,
Mexico
- Neurology Department, Hospital General Ajusco Medio, Mexico D.F.,
Mexico
| | - Fernando A.M.S Pompeu
- Bioscience Department (EEFD/UFRJ), School of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil
| | - Mauricio Cagy
- Biomedical Engineering Program, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil
| | - Pedro Ribeiro
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil
- Bioscience Department (EEFD/UFRJ), School of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil
- Institute of Applied Neuroscience (INA), Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Scott JC, Matt GE, Wrocklage KM, Crnich C, Jordan J, Southwick SM, Krystal JH, Schweinsburg BC. A quantitative meta-analysis of neurocognitive functioning in posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychol Bull 2015. [PMID: 25365762 DOI: 10.1037/a00389039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with regional alterations in brain structure and function that are hypothesized to contribute to symptoms and cognitive deficits associated with the disorder. We present here the first systematic meta-analysis of neurocognitive outcomes associated with PTSD to examine a broad range of cognitive domains and describe the profile of cognitive deficits, as well as modifying clinical factors and study characteristics. This report is based on data from 60 studies totaling 4,108 participants, including 1,779 with PTSD, 1,446 trauma-exposed comparison participants, and 895 healthy comparison participants without trauma exposure. Effect-size estimates were calculated using a mixed-effects meta-analysis for 9 cognitive domains: attention/working memory, executive functions, verbal learning, verbal memory, visual learning, visual memory, language, speed of information processing, and visuospatial abilities. Analyses revealed significant neurocognitive effects associated with PTSD, although these ranged widely in magnitude, with the largest effect sizes in verbal learning (d = -.62), speed of information processing (d = -.59), attention/working memory (d = -.50), and verbal memory (d =-.46). Effect-size estimates were significantly larger in treatment-seeking than community samples and in studies that did not exclude participants with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and effect sizes were affected by between-group IQ discrepancies and the gender composition of the PTSD groups. Our findings indicate that consideration of neuropsychological functioning in attention, verbal memory, and speed of information processing may have important implications for the effective clinical management of persons with PTSD. Results are further discussed in the context of cognitive models of PTSD and the limitations of this literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Cobb Scott
- VISN4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Philadelphia VA Medical Center
| | - Georg E Matt
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University
| | | | | | - Jessica Jordan
- National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut Healthcare System
| | | | - John H Krystal
- National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut Healthcare System
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Scott JC, Matt GE, Wrocklage KM, Crnich C, Jordan J, Southwick SM, Krystal JH, Schweinsburg BC. A quantitative meta-analysis of neurocognitive functioning in posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychol Bull 2015; 141:105-140. [PMID: 25365762 PMCID: PMC4293317 DOI: 10.1037/a0038039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with regional alterations in brain structure and function that are hypothesized to contribute to symptoms and cognitive deficits associated with the disorder. We present here the first systematic meta-analysis of neurocognitive outcomes associated with PTSD to examine a broad range of cognitive domains and describe the profile of cognitive deficits, as well as modifying clinical factors and study characteristics. This report is based on data from 60 studies totaling 4,108 participants, including 1,779 with PTSD, 1,446 trauma-exposed comparison participants, and 895 healthy comparison participants without trauma exposure. Effect-size estimates were calculated using a mixed-effects meta-analysis for 9 cognitive domains: attention/working memory, executive functions, verbal learning, verbal memory, visual learning, visual memory, language, speed of information processing, and visuospatial abilities. Analyses revealed significant neurocognitive effects associated with PTSD, although these ranged widely in magnitude, with the largest effect sizes in verbal learning (d = -.62), speed of information processing (d = -.59), attention/working memory (d = -.50), and verbal memory (d =-.46). Effect-size estimates were significantly larger in treatment-seeking than community samples and in studies that did not exclude participants with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and effect sizes were affected by between-group IQ discrepancies and the gender composition of the PTSD groups. Our findings indicate that consideration of neuropsychological functioning in attention, verbal memory, and speed of information processing may have important implications for the effective clinical management of persons with PTSD. Results are further discussed in the context of cognitive models of PTSD and the limitations of this literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Cobb Scott
- VISN4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center at the Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Georg E. Matt
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | | | | | - Jessica Jordan
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Steven M. Southwick
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - John H. Krystal
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
- Psychiatry Services, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Brian C. Schweinsburg
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Boban M, Črnac P, Junaković A, Malojčić B. Hemodynamic monitoring of middle cerebral arteries during cognitive tasks performance. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2014; 68:795-803. [PMID: 24735174 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to obtain temporal pattern and hemispheric dominance of blood flow velocity (BFV) changes and to assess suitability of different cognitive tasks for monitoring of BFV changes in the middle cerebral arteries (MCA). METHODS BFV were recorded simultaneously in MCA during performance of phonemic verbal fluency test (pVFT), Trail Making Tests A and B (TMTA and TMTB) and Stroop tests in 14 healthy, right-handed volunteers aged 20-26 years. RESULTS A significant increase of BFV in both MCA was obtained during performance of all cognitive tasks. Statistically significant lateralization was found during performance of Stroop test with incongruent stimuli, while TMTB was found to have the best activation potential for MCA. CONCLUSION Our findings specify TMTB as the most suitable cognitive test for monitoring of BFV in MCA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Boban
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Müller LD, Guhn A, Zeller JBM, Biehl SC, Dresler T, Hahn T, Fallgatter AJ, Polak T, Deckert J, Herrmann MJ. Neural correlates of a standardized version of the trail making test in young and elderly adults: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. Neuropsychologia 2014; 56:271-9. [PMID: 24524911 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The trail making test (TMT) is a widely applied diagnostic tool measuring executive functioning in order to discriminate between healthy and pathological aging processes. However, due to its paper-and-pencil nature it is difficult to adapt for functional brain imaging. Related neural underpinnings even in healthy aging are mostly unknown since no consistent administration for imaging is available. In this study a standardized implementation of the TMT for functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is proposed to investigate associated frontal cortex activation in healthy young (mean age 25.7 ± 3.02 years) and elderly adults (mean age 70.95 ± 3.55 years). The TMT consisted of a number condition (TMT-A), an alternating number and letter condition (TMT-B) as well as a control task. Behavioral results demonstrated that elderly participants performed slower but committed a similar number of errors compared to younger adults. The fNIRS results showed that particularly the TMT-B provoked bilateral activation in the ventro- and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC and dlPFC) as well as in premotor regions. Elderly participants displayed more significantly activated channels and a different activation pattern compared to younger participants especially manifesting in more bilateral dlPFC activation. In line with the hemispheric asymmetry reduction in elderly adults (HAROLD) model, the results were interpreted as an additional need for cognitive control resources in elderly participants. This study succeeded in implementing an appropriate version of the TMT for fNIRS and helps elucidating neural aging effects associated with this task.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura D Müller
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Anne Guhn
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Julia B M Zeller
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie C Biehl
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany; School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Dresler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; LEAD Graduate School, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tim Hahn
- Department of Cognitive Psychology II, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas J Fallgatter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; LEAD Graduate School, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; CIN, Center of Integrative Neuroscience, Excellence Cluster, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Polak
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Deckert
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Martin J Herrmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hagen K, Ehlis AC, Haeussinger FB, Heinzel S, Dresler T, Mueller LD, Herrmann MJ, Fallgatter AJ, Metzger FG. Activation during the Trail Making Test measured with functional near-infrared spectroscopy in healthy elderly subjects. Neuroimage 2014; 85 Pt 1:583-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
15
|
Porter RJ, Bowie CR, Jordan J, Malhi GS. Cognitive remediation as a treatment for major depression: A rationale, review of evidence and recommendations for future research. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2013; 47:1165-75. [PMID: 23956342 DOI: 10.1177/0004867413502090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is considerable literature regarding the effectiveness of cognitive remediation (CR) in schizophrenia and in conditions such as stroke and traumatic brain injury. Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) present with significant cognitive impairment which in many cases may not resolve with treatment. Neurobiological data suggest that this may relate to underlying dysfunction of pre-frontal cortical areas of the brain and their connections with limbic structures. There has been limited research into specific CR to activate these areas and target impaired cognitive function in MDD. We therefore review current evidence, examine the theoretical basis for and present a rationale for research into CR in MDD. In addition, we will examine important methodological issues in developing such an approach. METHOD Based on preliminary studies using CR-based techniques, data from CR in schizophrenia, data regarding baseline and residual cognitive impairment in depression, and knowledge of the neurobiology of MDD, we examine the possible utility of CR strategies in the treatment of MDD and make recommendations for research in this area. RESULTS A small number of previous studies have examined specific CR in MDD. The studies are small and inconclusive. However, data on the neuropsychological function and neurobiology of MDD suggest that this is an approach that deserves further attention and research. CONCLUSIONS Further research is required in carefully selected populations, using well-defined CR techniques and some form of comparator treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Porter
- 1Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Boban M, Crnac P, Junaković A, Garami Z, Malojčić B. Blood flow velocity changes in anterior cerebral arteries during cognitive tasks performance. Brain Cogn 2013; 84:26-33. [PMID: 24270848 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) enables monitoring of blood flow velocities (BFVs) in basal cerebral arteries during different cognitive tasks performance with great temporal resolution. So far, BFVs changes during mental activity were monitored primarily in middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) and little is known about these changes in anterior cerebral arteries (ACAs). AIM To determine the effect of different cognitive tasks performance on BFV changes and hemispheric dominance in ACAs and to assess the most suitable activation test for monitoring of BFV changes in ACAs. METHODS Fourteen right-handed, healthy subjects aged 20-26 were included in the study. BFVs in both ACAs were recorded simultaneously during performance of cognitive tasks designed to activate frontal lobes: phonemic verbal fluency test (pVFT), Stroop tests and Trail Making Tests (TMTs). RESULTS A statistically significant BFV increase was recorded in both ACAs during performance of all cognitive tasks. Statistically significant right ACA dominance was found during performance of pVFT and TMTB. The most significant BFV increase was obtained during performance of TMTB. CONCLUSION Our result addressed cognitive tests with great activation potential for monitoring of ACAs that might be used in distinguishing of healthy individuals and patients with neurovascular or neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Boban
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 2, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kišpatićeva 12, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Petra Crnac
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 2, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anamari Junaković
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kišpatićeva 12, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zsolt Garami
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, The Methodist Hospital, 5656 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Branko Malojčić
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 2, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kišpatićeva 12, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Leon-Dominguez U, Izzetoglu M, Leon-Carrion J, Solís-Marcos I, Garcia-Torrado FJ, Forastero-Rodríguez A, Mellado-Miras P, Villegas-Duque D, Lopez-Romero JL, Onaral B, Izzetoglu K. Molecular concentration of deoxyHb in human prefrontal cortex predicts the emergence and suppression of consciousness. Neuroimage 2013; 85 Pt 1:616-25. [PMID: 23872157 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the first study to use fNIRS to explore anaesthetic depth and awakening during surgery with general anaesthesia. A 16 channel continuous wave (CW) functional near-infrared system (fNIRS) was used to monitor PFC activity. These outcomes were compared to BIS measures. The results indicate that deoxyHb concentration in the PFC varies during the suppression and emergence of consciousness. During suppression, deoxyHb levels increase, signalling the deactivation of the PFC, while during emergence, deoxyHb concentration drops, initiating PFC activation and the recovery of consciousness. Furthermore, BIS and deoxyHb concentrations in the PFC display a high negative correlation throughout the different anaesthetic phases. These findings suggest that deoxyHb could be a reliable marker for monitoring anaesthetic depth, and that the PFC intervenes in the suppression and emergence of consciousness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Leon-Dominguez
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain; Center for Brain Injury Rehabilitation (CRECER), Seville, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Beratis IN, Rabavilas AD, Kyprianou M, Papadimitriou GN, Papageorgiou C. Investigation of the link between higher order cognitive functions and handedness. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2013; 35:393-403. [DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2013.778231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
19
|
Fujiki R, Morita K, Sato M, Kamada Y, Kato Y, Inoue M, Shoji Y, Uchimura N. Reduced prefrontal cortex activation using the Trail Making Test in schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2013; 9:675-85. [PMID: 23696704 PMCID: PMC3658532 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s43137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia has been associated with a deficit of the prefrontal cortex, which is involved in attention, executive processes, and working memory. The Trail Making Test (TMT) is administered in two parts, TMT-A and TMT-B. It is suggested that the difference in performance between part A and part B reflects executive processes. In this study, we compared the characteristics of hemodynamic changes during TMT tasks between 14 outpatients with schizophrenia and 14 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects. Using multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy, we measured relative changes in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration, which reflects brain activity of the prefrontal cortex during this task. In both tasks, patients showed significantly smaller activation than controls and, in an assessment of executive functions, a subtraction of oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) changes during TMT-A from those of TMT-B showed a decrease in cerebral lateralization and hypoactivity in patients. There was a significant negative correlation between oxy-Hb changes and the severity of psychiatric symptoms. These findings may characterize disease-related features, suggesting the usefulness of oxy-Hb change measurement during TMT tasks for assessing functional outcomes in schizophrenic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Fujiki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume-City, Japan ; Cognitive and Molecular Research Institute of Brain Diseases, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume-City, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Molteni E, Contini D, Caffini M, Baselli G, Spinelli L, Cubeddu R, Cerutti S, Bianchi AM, Torricelli A. Load-dependent brain activation assessed by time-domain functional near-infrared spectroscopy during a working memory task with graded levels of difficulty. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2012; 17:056005. [PMID: 22612128 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.5.056005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated frontal brain activation during a mixed attentional/working memory task with graded levels of difficulty in a group of 19 healthy subjects, by means of time-domain functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Brain activation was assessed, and load-related oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin changes were studied. Generalized linear model (GLM) was applied to the data to explore the metabolic processes occurring during the mental effort and, possibly, their involvement in short-term memorization. GLM was applied to the data twice: for modeling the task as a whole and for specifically investigating brain activation at each cognitive load. This twofold employment of GLM allowed (1) the extraction and isolation of different information from the same signals, obtained through the modeling of different cognitive categories (sustained attention and working memory), and (2) the evaluation of model fitness, by inspection and comparison of residuals (i.e., unmodeled part of the signal) obtained in the two different cases. Results attest to the presence of a persistent attentional-related metabolic activity, superimposed to a task-related mnemonic contribution. Some hemispherical differences have also been highlighted frontally: deoxy-hemoglobin changes manifested a strong right lateralization, whereas modifications in oxy- and total hemoglobin showed a medial localization. The present work successfully explored the capability of fNIRS to detect the two neurophysiological categories under investigation and distinguish their activation patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Molteni
- Dipartimento di Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Fujiki R, Morita K, Inoue M, Shoji Y, Mori K, Ishii Y, Kawabe C, Yamamoto A, Uchimura N. Characteristics of cortical activation in schizophrenia during the card game "concentration". Kurume Med J 2012; 59:53-60. [PMID: 23823015 DOI: 10.2739/kurumemedj.59.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Various functional imaging studies have demonstrated reduced lateralization of cortical activation during neurocognitive tasks in schizophrenia. -A well-known card game, "concentration", reflects working memory (WM). We compared characteristics of hemodynamic changes in the prefrontal to temporo-parietal areas of the brain during this card game between 24 outpatients with schizophrenia and 24 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects. Using multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy, we measured relative changes in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration (oxy-Hb changes), which reflects brain activity during this task. Patients showed reduced lateralization in the midfrontal area, which is involved in executive functions, and in the inferior parietal area, involved in WM subcomponents. We also found a significant negative correlation between left midfrontal region oxy-Hb changes and severity of negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Our results characterized disease-related features, suggesting the usefulness of oxy-Hb change measurement during this card game for assessing functional outcome in schizophrenic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Fujiki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Habermehl C, Holtze S, Steinbrink J, Koch SP, Obrig H, Mehnert J, Schmitz CH. Somatosensory activation of two fingers can be discriminated with ultrahigh-density diffuse optical tomography. Neuroimage 2011; 59:3201-11. [PMID: 22155031 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Topographic non-invasive near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has become a well-established tool for functional brain imaging. Applying up to 100 optodes over the head of a subject, allows achieving a spatial resolution in the centimeter range. This resolution is poor compared to other functional imaging tools. However, recently it was shown that diffuse optical tomography (DOT) as an extension of NIRS based on high-density (HD) probe arrays and supplemented by an advanced image reconstruction procedure allows describing activation patterns with a spatial resolution in the millimeter range. Building on these findings, we hypothesize that HD-DOT may render very focal activations accessible which would be missed by the traditionally used sparse arrays. We examined activation patterns in the primary somatosensory cortex, since its somatotopic organization is very fine-grained. We performed a vibrotactile stimulation study of the first and fifth finger in eight human subjects, using a 900-channel continuous-wave DOT imaging system for achieving a higher resolution than conventional topographic NIRS. To compare the results to a well-established high-resolution imaging technique, the same paradigm was investigated in the same subjects by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In this work, we tested the advantage of ultrahigh-density probe arrays and show that highly focal activations would be missed by classical next-nearest neighbor NIRS approach, but also by DOT, when using a sparse probe array. Distinct activation patterns for both fingers correlated well with the expected neuroanatomy in five of eight subjects. Additionally we show that activation for different fingers is projected to different tissue depths in the DOT image. Comparison to the fMRI data yielded similar activation foci in seven out of ten finger representations in these five subjects when comparing the lateral localization of DOT and fMRI results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Habermehl
- Berlin NeuroImaging Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Misteli M, Duschek S, Richter A, Grimm S, Rezk M, Kraehenmann R, Boeker H, Seifritz E, Schuepbach D. Gender characteristics of cerebral hemodynamics during complex cognitive functioning. Brain Cogn 2011; 76:123-30. [PMID: 21420774 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2011.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Revised: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Functional Transcranial Doppler sonography (fTCD) has been applied to assess peak mean cerebral blood flow velocity (MFV) with a high temporal resolution during cognitive activation. Yet, little attention has been devoted to gender-related alterations of MFV, including spectral analysis. In healthy subjects, fTCD was used to investigate a series of cerebral hemodynamic parameters in the middle cerebral arteries (MCA) during the Trail Making Tests (TMT), a means of selective attention and complex cognitive functioning. In females, there was a frequency peak at 0.375 Hz in both MCA, and we observed a dynamic shift in hemispheric dominance during that condition. Further, after the start phase, there was an MFV decline during complex functioning for the entire sample. These novel results suggest condition-specific features of cerebral hemodynamics in females, and it adds to the notion that gender is a fundamental confounder of brain physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Misteli
- Psychiatric University Hospital Zürich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|