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Lee HJ, Ortiz DM, Sayson LV, Kim M, Cheong JH, Kim HJ. Ameliorating effects of Acanthopanax koreanum extract and components on nicotine dependence and withdrawal symptoms. Addict Biol 2024; 29:e13360. [PMID: 38380695 PMCID: PMC10898842 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is a serious health problem in society. While smoking rates are declining, smoking remains a serious risk to national health. Currently, there are several medications available to aid in smoking cessation. However, these medications have the disadvantages of low success rates in smoking cessation and various side effects. Therefore, natural-based smoking cessation aids are being suggested as a good alternative due to their accessibility and minimal side effects. The roots and stems of Acanthopanax koreanum (AK) Nakai, a plant that is native to Jeju Island, South Korea, have traditionally been used as tonic and sedatives. Moreover, eleutheroside B and chlorogenic acid are the main components of AK stem extract. In the present study, we investigated the effect of 70% ethanol AK extract and its components on ameliorating nicotine dependence and withdrawal symptoms by using behavioural tests in mice. In addition, alterations in the dopaminergic and DRD1-EPAC-ERK-CREB pathways were observed using dopamine ELISA and western blotting using mouse brains. Our findings demonstrate that the AK extract and its components effectively mitigated the effects of nicotine treatment in behavioural tests. Furthermore, it normalized the dopamine concentration and the expression level of nicotine acetylcholine receptor α7. Additionally, it was observed that AK extract and its components led to the normalization of DRD1, ERK and CREB expression levels. These results indicate that AK extract exhibits effects in ameliorating nicotine dependence behaviour and alleviating withdrawal symptoms. Moreover, EB and CGA are considered potential marker components of AK extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jun Lee
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of PharmacySahmyook UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Darlene Mae Ortiz
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of PharmacySahmyook UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Leandro Val Sayson
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of PharmacySahmyook UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Mikyung Kim
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of PharmacySahmyook UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry & Life ScienceSahmyook UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Cheong
- School of PharmacyJeonbuk National UniversityJeonjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of PharmacySahmyook UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal models are critical to improve our understanding of the neuronal mechanisms underlying nicotine withdrawal. Nicotine dependence in rodents can be established by repeated nicotine injections, chronic nicotine infusion via osmotic minipumps, oral nicotine intake, tobacco smoke exposure, nicotine vapor exposure, and e-cigarette aerosol exposure. The time course of nicotine withdrawal symptoms associated with these methods has not been reviewed in the literature. AIM The goal of this review is to discuss nicotine withdrawal symptoms associated with the cessation of nicotine, tobacco smoke, nicotine vapor, and e-cigarette aerosol exposure in rats and mice. Furthermore, age and sex differences in nicotine withdrawal symptoms are reviewed. RESULTS Cessation of nicotine, tobacco smoke, nicotine vapor, and e-cigarette aerosol exposure leads to nicotine withdrawal symptoms such as somatic withdrawal signs, changes in locomotor activity, anxiety- and depressive-like behavior, learning and memory deficits, attention deficits, hyperalgesia, and dysphoria. These withdrawal symptoms are most pronounced within the first week after cessation of nicotine exposure. Anxiety- and depressive-like behavior, and deficits in learning and memory may persist for several months. Adolescent (4-6 weeks old) rats and mice display fewer nicotine withdrawal symptoms than adults (>8 weeks old). In adult rats and mice, females show fewer nicotine withdrawal symptoms than males. The smoking cessation drugs bupropion and varenicline reduce nicotine withdrawal symptoms in rodents. CONCLUSION The nicotine withdrawal symptoms that are observed in rodents are similar to those observed in humans. Tobacco smoke and e-cigarette aerosol contain chemicals and added flavors that enhance the reinforcing properties of nicotine. Therefore, more valid animal models of tobacco and e-cigarette use need to be developed by using tobacco smoke and e-cigarette aerosol exposure methods to induce dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Azin Behnood-Rod
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | | | - Ryann Wilson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Vijayapandi Pandy
- Department of Pharmacology, Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guntur, India
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Renda B, Andrade AK, Stone APS, El Azali R, Sharivker M, Khokhar JY, Antenos M, Murray JE. Adolescent nicotine and footshock exposure augments adult nicotine self-administration and drug-seeking without affecting baseline anxiety-like behaviour or stress responsivity in male rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:1687-1701. [PMID: 33649967 PMCID: PMC8141046 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05803-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Over the past decade, adolescent cigarette smoking has been declining. However, adolescent nicotine consumption via electronic cigarettes is rapidly gaining popularity. Earlier onset nicotine use is associated with increased risk of dependence. A bidirectional relationship between nicotine and stress exists; perceived stress is a predictor for nicotine use, and stress reduction is a commonly reported reason for using nicotine. OBJECTIVES We assessed the prolonged impact of adolescent high-dose nicotine and/or footshock exposure on adult nicotine self-administration, anxiety-like behaviour, and hormonal responsivity. METHODS During adolescence (postnatal day [P]28-56) male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of five groups: saline (SALPRE: 1 ml/kg, SC, every day), nicotine (NICPRE: 1 mg/kg, SC, alternating daily with saline; 14 total nicotine injections), footshock (SHOCKPRE: 8 of 0.5 s, 0.8 mA alternating sessions; saline every day), or combination nicotine and footshock (NIC+SHOCK: concurrent and alternating daily with saline, or NIC-SHOCK: alternating with saline on shock sessions). On P70, one cohort underwent spontaneous intravenous nicotine self-administration (0.03 mg/kg/infusion); another cohort was assessed for open-field behaviour (P71), then corticosterone (CORT) response to nicotine or footshock in adulthood (P72-73). RESULTS Intermittent adolescent nicotine or footshock alone (NICPRE and SHOCKPRE) did not potentiate adult spontaneous nicotine intake compared to SALPRE. However, both combination groups (NIC+SHOCK, NIC-SHOCK) showed increased adult nicotine consumption without associated differences in baseline anxiety-like behaviour or CORT response. CONCLUSIONS Adolescent nicotine and footshock stressors have a synergistic effect on adult nicotine consumption, enhancing nicotine intake. Avenues toward reducing stress in adolescent nicotine users may provide opportunities to reduce vulnerability to adult nicotine consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana Renda
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
- Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Allyson K Andrade
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
- Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Adiia P S Stone
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Rita El Azali
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Michael Sharivker
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jibran Y Khokhar
- Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Monica Antenos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer E Murray
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
- Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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Renda B, Andrade AK, Frie JA, Sgarbossa CL, Murray JE, Khokhar JY. High-dose adolescent nicotine exposure permits spontaneous nicotine self-administration in adult male rats. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 215:108215. [PMID: 32781311 PMCID: PMC7502504 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While cigarette smoking rates have been steadily decreasing over the past decade, there has been a dramatic increase in nicotine use via e-cigarettes, especially during adolescence. Adolescent e-cigarette use is associated with a greater risk of future cigarette smoking, and increased rates of cigarette smoking in individuals who may have otherwise never tried cigarettes. In humans and rodents, early initiation of nicotine use has been associated with greater consumption, dependence, and persistent nicotine use. The present study sought to investigate the long-lasting effect of daily high-dose nicotine exposure during adolescence on nicotine consumption in adulthood. METHOD Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed daily to nicotine (1.0 mg/kg, subcutaneous), or vehicle (1 mL/kg saline, subcutaneous) during adolescence (post-natal day [P] 28-41). Adult nicotine self-administration (0.02 mg/kg/infusion, intravenous) was assessed beginning on P75 on fixed-ratio 1 (FR1), fixed-interval 1 min (FI1), and progressive ratio (PR) schedules of reinforcement. RESULTS Adolescent nicotine pre-exposure did not affect adult nicotine self-administration on the simple FR1 schedule, however increased intake and responding for nicotine was observed when a short delay was implemented on an FI1 schedule of reinforcement. CONCLUSIONS Adolescence is a critical period when the brain is especially vulnerable to the effects of nicotine. Nicotine exposure in adolescence enhances susceptibility to increased nicotine intake in adulthood on a reinforcement schedule more reflective of human nicotine intake patterns, and this effect can extend into adulthood even after termination of nicotine exposure during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana Renda
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada; Collaborative Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Allyson K Andrade
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada; Collaborative Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jude A Frie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada; Collaborative Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Jennifer E Murray
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada; Collaborative Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
| | - Jibran Y Khokhar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada; Collaborative Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Chellian R, Behnood-Rod A, Wilson R, Wilks I, Knight P, Febo M, Bruijnzeel AW. Exposure to smoke from high- but not low-nicotine cigarettes leads to signs of dependence in male rats and potentiates the effects of nicotine in female rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 196:172998. [PMID: 32681850 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.172998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine is only mildly rewarding, but after becoming dependent, it is difficult to quit smoking. The goal of these studies was to determine if low-nicotine cigarettes are less likely to cause dependence and enhance the reinforcing effects of nicotine than regular high-nicotine cigarettes. Male and female rats were exposed to tobacco smoke with a low or high nicotine level for 35 days. It was investigated if smoke exposure affects the development of dependence, anxiety- and depressive-like behavior, and nicotine-induced behavioral sensitization. Smoke exposure did not affect locomotor activity in a small open field or sucrose preference. Mecamylamine precipitated somatic withdrawal signs in male rats exposed to smoke with a high level of nicotine, but not in male rats exposed to smoke with a low level of nicotine or in females. After cessation of smoke exposure, there was a small decrease in sucrose preference in the male rats, which was not observed in the females. Cessation of smoke exposure did not affect anxiety-like behavior in the large open field or the elevated plus maze test. Female rats displayed less anxiety-like behavior in both these tests. Repeated treatment with nicotine increased locomotor activity, rearing, and stereotypies. Prior exposure to smoke with a high level of nicotine increased nicotine-induced rearing in the females. These findings indicate that exposure to smoke with a low level of nicotine does not lead to dependence and does not potentiate the effects of nicotine. Exposure to smoke with a high level of nicotine differently affects males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Azin Behnood-Rod
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Ryann Wilson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Isaac Wilks
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Parker Knight
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Marcelo Febo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Adriaan W Bruijnzeel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Center for Addiction Research and Education, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Palmisano AN, Astur RS. Nicotine Facilitation of Conditioned Place Preference to Food Reward in Humans. Subst Use Misuse 2020; 55:2156-2164. [PMID: 32720546 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2020.1795682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine has recently been shown to enhance the motivational value of non-nicotine stimuli in nonhumans. To investigate whether nicotine also enhances reward in humans, we used a virtual translation of the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm to examine nicotine's reward-enhancing effects using a low-dose 2 mg nicotine lozenge targeted to a mild use population. Methods: Sixty-eight nicotine-using undergraduates were randomly assigned to receive either a 2 mg nicotine or placebo lozenge prior to conditioning. During each of six, three-minute conditioning sessions, participants were confined to one of two VR rooms. In one room, they received real chocolate M&Ms, whereas no M&Ms were administered in the other room. Following conditioning, a three-minute free-access test session occurred during which participants had unrestricted access to both rooms without reward. Results: Individuals who received nicotine demonstrated a CPP by spending significantly more time in the room previously paired with M&Ms compared to the unrewarded room (p = 0.04). Those who received placebo did not demonstrate a CPP (p > 0.05). Moreover, we observed no significant differences between treatment groups in terms of the amount of time spent in each virtual room. Conclusion: While nicotine seems to facilitate CPP expression for a virtual environment previously paired with chocolate food rewards, further characterization of the mechanism by which this occurs is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra N Palmisano
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Robert S Astur
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
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Mir JM, Maurya RC. Experimental and theoretical insights of a novel molybdenum(0) nicotine complex containing CN and NO as co-ligands. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/22243682.2018.1534608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Mohammad Mir
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, India
- Department of P. G. Studies and Research in Chemistry and Pharmacy, R. D. University, Jabalpur, India
| | - Ram Charitra Maurya
- Department of P. G. Studies and Research in Chemistry and Pharmacy, R. D. University, Jabalpur, India
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Smith TT, Rupprecht LE, Denlinger-Apte RL, Weeks JJ, Panas RS, Donny EC, Sved AF. Animal Research on Nicotine Reduction: Current Evidence and Research Gaps. Nicotine Tob Res 2018; 19:1005-1015. [PMID: 28379511 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A mandated reduction in the nicotine content of cigarettes may improve public health by reducing the prevalence of smoking. Animal self-administration research is an important complement to clinical research on nicotine reduction. It can fill research gaps that may be difficult to address with clinical research, guide clinical researchers about variables that are likely to be important in their own research, and provide policy makers with converging evidence between clinical and preclinical studies about the potential impact of a nicotine reduction policy. Convergence between clinical and preclinical research is important, given the ease with which clinical trial participants can access nonstudy tobacco products in the current marketplace. Herein, we review contributions of preclinical animal research, with a focus on rodent self-administration, to the science of nicotine reduction. Throughout this review, we highlight areas where clinical and preclinical research converge and areas where the two differ. Preclinical research has provided data on many important topics such as the threshold for nicotine reinforcement, the likelihood of compensation, moderators of the impact of nicotine reduction, the impact of environmental stimuli on nicotine reduction, the impact of nonnicotine cigarette smoke constituents on nicotine reduction, and the impact of nicotine reduction on vulnerable populations. Special attention is paid to current research gaps including the dramatic rise in alternative tobacco products, including electronic nicotine delivery systems (ie, e-cigarettes). The evidence reviewed here will be critical for policy makers as well as clinical researchers interested in nicotine reduction. IMPLICATIONS This review will provide policy makers and clinical researchers interested in nicotine reduction with an overview of the preclinical animal research conducted on nicotine reduction and the regulatory implications of that research. The review also highlights the utility of preclinical research for research questions related to nicotine reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy T Smith
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Laura E Rupprecht
- Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Rachel L Denlinger-Apte
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Jillian J Weeks
- Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Rachel S Panas
- Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Eric C Donny
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Alan F Sved
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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Marusich JA, Darna M, Wilson AG, Denehy ED, Ebben A, Deaciuc AG, Dwoskin LP, Bardo MT, Lefever TW, Wiley JL, Reissig CJ, Jackson KJ. Tobacco's minor alkaloids: Effects on place conditioning and nucleus accumbens dopamine release in adult and adolescent rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 814:196-206. [PMID: 28844873 PMCID: PMC6563910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco products are some of the most commonly used psychoactive drugs worldwide. Besides nicotine, alkaloids in tobacco include cotinine, myosmine, and anatabine. Scientific investigation of these constituents and their contribution to tobacco dependence is less well developed than for nicotine. The present study evaluated the nucleus accumbens dopamine-releasing properties and rewarding and/or aversive properties of nicotine (0.2-0.8mg/kg), cotinine (0.5-5.0mg/kg), anatabine (0.5-5.0mg/kg), and myosmine (5.0-20.0mg/kg) through in vivo microdialysis and place conditioning, respectively, in adult and adolescent male rats. Nicotine increased dopamine release at both ages, and anatabine and myosmine increased dopamine release in adults, but not adolescents. The dopamine release results were not related to place conditioning, as nicotine and cotinine had no effect on place conditioning, whereas anatabine and myosmine produced aversion in both ages. While the nucleus accumbens shell is hypothesized to play a role in strengthening drug-context associations following initiation of drug use, it may have little involvement in the motivational effects of tobacco constituents once these associations have been acquired. Effects of myosmine and anatabine on dopamine release may require a fully developed dopamine system, since no effects of these tobacco alkaloids were observed during adolescence. In summary, while anatabine and myosmine-induced dopamine release in nucleus accumbens may play a role in tobacco dependence in adults, the nature of that role remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Marusich
- RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Mahesh Darna
- College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA
| | - A George Wilson
- Center for Drug Abuse Research Translation, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA
| | - Emily D Denehy
- Center for Drug Abuse Research Translation, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA
| | - Amanda Ebben
- College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA
| | - Agripina G Deaciuc
- College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA
| | - Linda P Dwoskin
- College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA
| | - Michael T Bardo
- Center for Drug Abuse Research Translation, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA
| | - Timothy W Lefever
- RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Jenny L Wiley
- RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Chad J Reissig
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Tobacco Products, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Kia J Jackson
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Tobacco Products, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
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Stairs DJ, Ewin SE, Kangiser MM, Pfaff MN. Effects of environmental enrichment on d-amphetamine self-administration following nicotine exposure. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2017; 25:393-401. [PMID: 29048188 PMCID: PMC5654547 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent nicotine exposure has been shown to lead to further psychostimulant use in adulthood. Previous preclinical research in rats has shown that environmental enrichment may protect against drug abuse vulnerability. The current study was designed to examine whether environmental enrichment can block the ability of adolescent nicotine exposure to increase d-amphetamine self-administration in adulthood. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were raised in either enriched conditions (ECs) or isolated conditions (ICs) and then injected with saline or nicotine (0.4 mg/kg, sc) for 7 days during adolescence. In adulthood rats were allowed to self-administer d-amphetamine under a fixed ratio (FR; 0, 0.006, 0.01, 0.02, 0.06, and 0.1 mg/kg/infusion) and progressive ratio (PR; 0, 0.006, 0.06, and 0.1 mg/kg/infusion) schedule of reinforcement. Nicotine-treated IC rats self-administered more d-amphetamine at 0.006, 0.01, and 0.02 mg/kg/infusion doses compared with their saline-treated IC counterparts regardless of the schedule maintaining behavior. This effect of nicotine was reversed in EC rats on a fixed ratio schedule. These findings indicate that environmental enrichment can limit the ability of adolescent nicotine exposure to increase vulnerability to other psychostimulant drugs, such as d-amphetamine. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Zhu B, Li X, Chen H, Wang H, Zhu X, Hou H, Hu Q. iTRAQ proteomic analysis of the hippocampus in a rat model of nicotine-induced conditioned place preference. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 486:971-977. [PMID: 28359756 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.03.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Repeated exposures to nicotine are known to result in persistent changes in proteins expression in addiction-related brain regions, such as the striatum, nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex, but the changes induced in the protein content of the hippocampus remain poorly studied. This study established a rat model of nicotine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP), and screened for proteins that were differentially expressed in the hippocampus of these rats using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation labeling (iTRAQ) coupled with 2D-LC MS/MS. The nicotine-induced CPP was established by subcutaneously injecting rats with 0.2 mg/kg nicotine. Relative to the control (saline) group, the nicotine group showed 0.67- and 1.5-fold changes in 117 and 10 hippocampal proteins, respectively. These differentially expressed proteins are mainly involved in calcium-mediated signaling, neurotransmitter transport, GABAergic synapse function, long-term synaptic potentiation and nervous system development. Furthermore, RT-PCR was used to confirmed the results of the proteomic analysis. Our findings identify several proteins and cellular signaling pathways potentially involved in the molecular mechanisms in the hippocampus that underlie nicotine addiction. These results provide insights into the mechanisms of nicotine treatment in hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Zhu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Huan Chen
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Hongjuan Wang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xinchao Zhu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Hongwei Hou
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Qingyuan Hu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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12
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Lefever TW, Lee YO, Kovach AL, Silinski MA, Marusich JA, Thomas BF, Wiley JL. Delivery of nicotine aerosol to mice via a modified electronic cigarette device. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 172:80-87. [PMID: 28157590 PMCID: PMC5327853 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although both men and women use e-cigarettes, most preclinical nicotine research has focused on its effects in male rodents following injection. The goals of the present study were to develop an effective e-cigarette nicotine delivery system, to compare results to those obtained after subcutaneous (s.c.) injection, and to examine sex differences in the model. METHODS Hypothermia and locomotor suppression were assessed following aerosol exposure or s.c. injection with nicotine in female and male mice. Subsequently, plasma and brain concentrations of nicotine and cotinine were measured. RESULTS Passive exposure to nicotine aerosol produced concentration-dependent and mecamylamine reversible hypothermic and locomotor suppressant effects in female and male mice, as did s.c. nicotine injection. In plasma and brain, nicotine and cotinine concentrations showed dose/concentration-dependent increases in both sexes following each route of administration. Sex differences in nicotine-induced hypothermia were dependent upon route of administration, with females showing greater hypothermia following aerosol exposure and males showing greater hypothermia following injection. In contrast, when they occurred, sex differences in nicotine and cotinine levels in brain and plasma consistently showed greater concentrations in females than males, regardless of route of administration. DISCUSSION In summary, the e-cigarette exposure device described herein was used successfully to deliver pharmacologically active doses of nicotine to female and male mice. Further, plasma nicotine concentrations following exposure were similar to those after s.c. injection with nicotine and within the range observed in human smokers. Future research on vaped products can be strengthened by inclusion of translationally relevant routes of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy W. Lefever
- RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - Youn O.K. Lee
- RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | | | | | - Julie A. Marusich
- RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - Brian F. Thomas
- RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - Jenny L. Wiley
- RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
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Cigarette smoke exposure during adolescence but not adulthood induces anxiety‐like behavior and locomotor stimulation in rats during withdrawal. Int J Dev Neurosci 2016; 55:49-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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de la Peña JB, Ahsan HM, Tampus R, Botanas CJ, dela Peña IJ, Kim HJ, Sohn A, dela Peña I, Shin CY, Ryu JH, Cheong JH. Cigarette smoke exposure during adolescence enhances sensitivity to the rewarding effects of nicotine in adulthood, even after a long period of abstinence. Neuropharmacology 2015; 99:9-14. [PMID: 26116818 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of enhanced vulnerability to the motivational properties of tobacco/cigarette smoking. Several studies have suggested that smoking initiation during this period will more likely lead to long-lasting cigarette or nicotine addiction. In the present study, we investigated the influences of adolescent cigarette smoke or nicotine exposure on the rewarding effects of nicotine, particularly whether these influences persist even after a long period of abstinence. Towards this, adolescent and adult Sprague-Dawley rats were repeatedly exposed to cigarette smoke or nicotine, for 14 days, and then were subjected to a 1-month abstinence period. Thereafter, the rewarding effects of nicotine were evaluated through the conditioned place preference (CPP) and self-administration (SA) tests. Even after a 1-month abstinence period, rats pre-exposed to either nicotine or cigarette smoke demonstrated enhanced CPP for the higher dose (0.6 mg/kg) of nicotine. Notably, cigarette smoke-preexposed adolescent rats, now adults, showed CPP for both 0.2 and 0.6 mg/kg dose of nicotine. Moreover, only these rats (pre-exposed to cigarette smoke during adolescence) showed significant acquisition and maintenance of nicotine (0.03 mg/kg/infusion) SA. These results suggest that cigarette smoke exposure during adolescence enhances sensitivity to the rewarding effects of nicotine in adulthood, even after a long period of abstinence. This may be a factor in the high rates of nicotine addiction and dependence observed in smokers who started during adolescence. More importantly, our findings highlight the enduring consequences of adolescent-onset cigarette smoking and the need to protect this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- June Bryan de la Peña
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro Nowon-gu, Seoul, 139-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Ahsan
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro Nowon-gu, Seoul, 139-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Reinholdgher Tampus
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro Nowon-gu, Seoul, 139-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Chrislean Jun Botanas
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro Nowon-gu, Seoul, 139-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Irene Joy dela Peña
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro Nowon-gu, Seoul, 139-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro Nowon-gu, Seoul, 139-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Aeree Sohn
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro Nowon-gu, Seoul, 139-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Ike dela Peña
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Chan Young Shin
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Cheong
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro Nowon-gu, Seoul, 139-742, Republic of Korea.
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