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Marghani BH, Rezk S, Ateya AI, Alotaibi BS, Othman BH, Sayed SM, Alshehri MA, Shukry M, Mansour MM. The Effect of Cerebrolysin in an Animal Model of Forebrain Ischemic-Reperfusion Injury: New Insights into the Activation of the Keap1/Nrf2/Antioxidant Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12080. [PMID: 37569457 PMCID: PMC10418386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Forebrain ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury causes neurological impairments due to decreased cerebral autoregulation, hypoperfusion, and edema in the hours to days following the restoration of spontaneous circulation. This study aimed to examine the protective and/or therapeutic effects of cerebrolysin (CBL) in managing forebrain IR injury and any probable underlying mechanisms. To study the contribution of reperfusion to forebrain injury, we developed a transient dual carotid artery ligation (tDCAL/IR) mouse model. Five equal groups of six BLC57 mice were created: Group 1: control group (no surgery was performed); Group 2: sham surgery (surgery was performed without IR); Group 3: tDCAL/IR (surgery with IR via permanently ligating the left CA and temporarily closing the right CA for 30 min, followed by reperfusion for 72 h); Group 4: CBL + tDCAL/IR (CBL was given intravenously at a 60 mg/kg BW dose 30 min before IR); and Group 5: tDCAL/IR + CBL (CBL was administered i.v. at 60 mg/kg BW three hours after IR). At 72 h following IR, the mice were euthanized. CBL administration 3 h after IR improved neurological functional recovery, enhanced anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, alleviated apoptotic neuronal death, and inhibited reactive microglial and astrocyte activation, resulting in neuroprotection after IR injury in the tDCAL/IR + CBL mice group as compared to the other groups. Furthermore, CBL reduced the TLRs/NF-kB/cytokines while activating the Keap1/Nrf2/antioxidant signaling pathway. These results indicate that CBL may improve neurologic function in mice following IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma H. Marghani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, King Salman International University, El Tor 46612, Egypt
| | - Shaymaa Rezk
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I. Ateya
- Department of Husbandry and Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Badriyah S. Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basma H. Othman
- Medical Experimental Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Samy M. Sayed
- Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
- Department of Science and Technology, Ranyah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Ali Alshehri
- Biology Department, College of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed M. Mansour
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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de Oliveira DV, Godinho J, de Sa-Nakanishi AB, Comar JF, de Oliveira RMW, Bonato JM, Chinen LY, de Paula MN, Mello JCPD, Previdelli IS, Neves Pereira OC, Milani H. Delayed administration of Trichilia catigua A. Juss. Ethyl-acetate fraction after cerebral ischemia prevents spatial memory deficits, decreases oxidative stress, and impacts neural plasticity in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 306:116176. [PMID: 36682600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Trichilia catigua A. Juss (Meliaceae) is used in Brazilian folk medicine to alleviate fatigue and emotional stress and improve memory. Previous studies from our laboratory reported that an ethyl-acetate fraction (EAF) of T. catigua that was given before cerebral ischemia in vivo prevented memory loss and reduced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Despite the value of these findings of a neuroprotective effect of T. catigua, treatment that was given immediately before or immediately after ischemia limits its clinical relevance. Thus, unknown is whether T. catigua possesses a specific time window of efficacy (TWE) when administered postischemia. AIM OF THE STUDY Given continuity to previous studies, we investigated whether an EAF of T. catigua maintains its neuroprotective properties if treatment begins at different time windows of efficacy after ischemia. We also evaluated, for the first time, whether T. catigua possesses neuroplasticity/neurotrophic properties. MATERIAL AND METHODS Rats were subjected to transient global brain ischemia (TGCI) and then given a single dose of the EAF (400 mg/kg) or vehicle (1 ml/kg) orally 1, 4, or 6 h postischemia. The levels of protein PCG, GSH, and GSSG, and activity of SOD and CAT were assayed as markers of oxidative stress on the day after ischemia. In another experiment, naive rats underwent spatial learning training in a radial maze task and then subjected to TGCI. Delayed treatment with the EAF began 4 or 6 h later and continued for 7 days. Retrograde memory performance was assessed 10, 17, and 24 days postischemia. Afterward, brains were examined for neurodegeneration and neuronal dendritic morphology in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Another group received the EAF at 4 h of reperfusion, and 4 days later their brains were examined for GFAP and Iba-1 immunoreactivity. Lastly, ischemic rats received the EAF 4 h after ischemia and neural plasticity-related proteins, BDNF, SYN, PSD 95, and NeuN were measured in the hippocampus 7 and 14 days after ischemia. RESULTS A single EAF administration 1, 4, or 6 h postischemia alleviated oxidative stress that was caused by ischemia, expressed as a reduction of the amount of the PCG and GSSG, normalization of the GSH/GSSG ratio, and the restoration of SOD activity. Ischemia caused the persistent loss of memory (i.e., amnesia), an outcome that was consistently ameliorated by treatment with the EAF that was initiated 4 or 6 h postischemia. The 4 h delay in EAF treatment positively impacted dendritic morphology in neurons that survived ischemia. TGCI reduced BDNF, SYN, PSD-95, and NeuN protein levels in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. The EAF normalized SYN and PSD-95 protein levels. Ischemia-induced neurodegeneration and glial cell activation were not prevented by EAF treatment. CONCLUSION The present study corroborates prior data that demonstrated the neuroprotective potential of T. catigua and extends these data by showing that the delayed administration of EAF postischemia effectively prevented memory impairment and decreased oxidative stress, dendritic deterioration, and synaptic protein loss within a TWE that ranged from 1 to 6 h. This specific TWE in preclinical research may have clinical relevance by suggesting the possible utility of this plant for the development of neuroprotective strategies in the setting of ischemic brain diseases. Another innovative finding of the present study was the possible neurotrophic/neuroplastic properties of T. catigua.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacqueline Godinho
- Department of Medicina, Ingá University Center, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Jéssica Mendes Bonato
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Luana Yukari Chinen
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | - Humberto Milani
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
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Bian J, Guo S, Huang T, Li X, Zhao S, Chu Z, Li Z. CRP as a potential predictor of outcome in acute ischemic stroke. Biomed Rep 2023; 18:17. [PMID: 36776580 PMCID: PMC9892964 DOI: 10.3892/br.2023.1599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the major causes of death and long-term disability worldwide. C-reactive protein (CRP) as a potential biomarker for functional outcome after acute ischemic stroke remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between the level of CRP and functional outcome of stroke. A total of 218 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke within 24 h after onset were recruited for the study. Poor functional outcome was defined as a modified Rankin scale score of >2 at 3 months after stroke. The retrospective analysis was performed to investigate whether CRP within 24 h after stroke is associated with poor functional outcome at 3 months. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the CRP level (odds ratio=1.146, 95%CI: 1.012-1.297, P=0.031) was an independent risk factor for poor outcome. The receiver operating characteristics curve analysis revealed that the optimal cut-off value of CRP to distinguish favorable from poor outcome was 6.34 (area under the curve=0.829, 95%CI: 0.772-0.887, P<0.001), with 68.2% sensitivity and 85.7% specificity. Spearman correlation analysis indicated that the CRP level was positively related to the baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score (r=0.551, P<0.001), fasting glucose (r=0.301, P<0.001) and age (r=0.252, P<0.001). In conclusion, a high level of CRP within 24 h after onset was associated with a poor functional outcome after the acute ischemic event. The elevation of CRP may be correlated with the baseline NIHSS score, fasting glucose and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Bian
- Department of Neurology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Siping Guo
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Dushuhu Public Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215125, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Huang
- Department of Neurology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Xiuyun Li
- Department of Neurology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Shoucai Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Zhaohu Chu
- Department of Neurology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Zibao Li
- Department of Neurology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Zibao Li, Department of Neurology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, 2 Zheshan West Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
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Hedayatpour A, Shiasi M, Modarresi P, Bashghareh A. Remote ischemic preconditioning combined with atorvastatin improves memory after global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in male rats. RESEARCH RESULTS IN PHARMACOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.8.75753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Damage to hippocampus can occur through ischemia. Memory problems are among the most significant disabilities after stroke. Therefore, improving memory is of great interest in helping post-stroke patients. This study demonstrated that intraperitoneally injection of atorvastatin with a short cycle of ischemia-reperfusion in the left femoral artery improved hippocampal CA1 neurons injury and memory problems after global cerebral ischemia.
Materials and methods: In this article survey, we used 64 animals. Rats were divided into 8 groups, (n=8). Group 1: control; group 2: sham; group 3: global cerebral ischemia (GCI) only; group 4: remote ischemic preconditioning (RIP) + GCI; group 5: GCI + atorvastatin (ATO); group 6: GCI + vehicle; group 7: RIP + GCI + ATO; group 8: RIP + GCI + vehicle. We created global cerebral ischemia (GCI) with 20 min occlusion of the Common carotid artery.
Results and discussion: Remote ischemic preconditioning could improve rats performance in water maze tests along with a decrease in neuronal death. Also, atorvastatin combined with remote ischemic preconditioning was more effective for memory improvement and reduction of neuronal death. Inconsistent with our result, the function of the animals in the ischemia group was impaired. CA1 hippocampal neurons have an important role in memory and learning, and they can be damaged after cerebral ischemia. Therefore, ischemia can create memory problems. Remote ischemic preconditioning and atorvastatin had a neuroprotective effect and could improve rat performance in water maze test.
Conclusion: This study showed that remote ischemic preconditioning with atorvastatin could improve CA1 neuronal injury and memory.
Graphical abstract:
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Kaviannejad R, Karimian SM, Riahi E, Ashabi G. Using dual polarities of transcranial direct current stimulation in global cerebral ischemia and its following reperfusion period attenuates neuronal injury. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1503-1516. [PMID: 35499797 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00985-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple neuronal injury pathways are activated during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). This study was designed to decrease potential neuronal injuries by using both transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) polarities in cerebral ischemia and its following reperfusion period. Ninety rats were randomly divided into six groups. In the sham group, rats were intact. In the I/R group, global cerebral I/R was only induced. In the I/R + c-tDCS and I/R + a-tDCS groups, cathodal and anodal currents were applied, respectively. In the I/R + c/a-tDCS, cathodal current was used in the cerebral ischemia and anodal in the reperfusion. In the I/R + a/c-tDCS group, cathodal and anodal currents were applied in the I/R, respectively. Hippocampal tissue was used to determine the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, NOS, SOD, MDA, and NMDAR. Hot plate and open field tests evaluated sensory and locomotor performances. The cerebral edema was also measured. Histological assessment was assessed by H/E and Nissl staining of the hippocampal CA1 region. All tDCS modes significantly decreased IL-1β and TNF-α levels, especially in the c/a-tDCS. All tDCS caused a significant decrease in MDA and NOS levels while increasing SOD activity compared to the I/R group, especially in the c/a-tDCS mode. In the c-tDCS and a/c-tDCS groups, the NMDAR level was significantly decreased. The c/a-tDCS group improved sensory and locomotor performances more than other groups receiving tDCS. Furthermore, the least neuronal death was observed in the c/a-tDCS mode. Using two different polarities of tDCS could induce more neuroprotective versus pathophysiological pathways in cerebral I/R, especially in c/a-tDCS mode. HIGHLIGHTS: Multiple pathways of neuronal injury are activated in cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). Using tDCS could modulate neuroinflammation and oxidative stress pathways in global cerebral I/R. Using c/a-tDCS mode during cerebral I/R causes more neuroprotective effects against neuronal injuries of cerebral I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Kaviannejad
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PourSina St., 1417613151, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Morteza Karimian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PourSina St., 1417613151, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Esmail Riahi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PourSina St., 1417613151, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghorbangol Ashabi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PourSina St., 1417613151, Tehran, Iran
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Cognitive Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Cerebral Ischemia Influences Salivary Metabolomics. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10081698. [PMID: 33920851 PMCID: PMC8071145 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia, caused by cerebrovascular disease, is associated with cognitive impairment and reduced hippocampal metabolite levels. Specifically, cognitive impairment can be induced by decreased hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression. The development of low or non-invasive biomarkers to characterize these diseases is an urgent task. Disturbance of metabolic pathways has been frequently observed in cognitive impairment, and salivary molecules also showed the potentials to reflect cognitive impairment. Therefore, we evaluated salivary metabolic profiles associated with altered hippocampal BDNF expression levels in a cerebral ischemia mouse model using metabolomic analyses. The effect of tacrine (a cholinesterase inhibitor) administration was also examined. The arteries of ICR mice were occluded with aneurysm clips to generate the cerebral ischemia model. Learning and memory performance was assessed using the elevated plus maze (EPM) test. Hippocampal and blood BDNF levels were quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Glutamate decarboxylase 1 (GAD1) mRNA expression, is associated with cognitive impairment, was quantified by a real-time polymerase chain reaction. The EPM test revealed impaired spatial working memory in the cerebral ischemia mouse model; tacrine administration ameliorated this memory impairment. Cerebral ischemia suppressed GAD1 expression by decreasing hippocampal BDNF expression. In total, seven salivary metabolites, such as trimethylamine N-oxide and putrescine, were changed by cognitive impairment and tacrine administration. Our data suggest that salivary metabolite patterns were associated with cognitive function.
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Sá-Nakanishi AB, de Oliveira MC, O Pateis V, P Silva LA, Pereira-Maróstica HV, Gonçalves GA, S Oliveira MA, Godinho J, Bracht L, Milani H, Bracht A, Comar JF. Glycemic homeostasis and hepatic metabolism are modified in rats with global cerebral ischemia. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165934. [PMID: 32827650 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-induced hyperglycemia has been reported to accentuate neurological damage following focal or global cerebral ischemia. Hyperglycemia found in rats following focal brain ischemia occurs in the first 24 h and has been claimed to be caused by increased liver gluconeogenesis and insulin resistance. However, liver gluconeogenesis and the mechanisms leading to hyperglycemia after global cerebral ischemia remain uncertain. This study investigated the glycemic homeostasis and hepatic metabolism in rats after transient four-vessel occlusion (4-VO)-induced global cerebral ischemia, an event that mimics to a certain degree the situation during cardiac arrest. Several metabolic fluxes were measured in perfused livers. Activities and mRNA expressions of hepatic glycolysis and glyconeogenesis rate-limiting enzymes were assessed as well as respiratory activity of hepatic isolated mitochondria. Global cerebral ischemia was associated with hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia 24 h after ischemia. Insulin resistance developed later and was prominent after the 5th day. Hepatic anabolism and catabolism were both modified in a complex and time-dependent way. Gluconeogenesis, β-oxidation, ketogenesis and glycolysis were diminished at 24 h after ischemia. At 5 days after ischemia glycolysis had normalized, but gluconeogenesis, ketogenesis and β-oxidation were accelerated. The overall metabolic modifications suggest that a condition of depressed metabolism was established in response to the new conditions generated by the cerebral global ischemia. Whether the modifications in the liver metabolism found in rats after the ischemic insult can be translated to individuals following global brain ischemia remains uncertain, but the results of this study are hoped to encourage further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vanesa O Pateis
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Jacqueline Godinho
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Lívia Bracht
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Humberto Milani
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Adelar Bracht
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Jurandir F Comar
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, PR, Brazil.
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Zhang B, Zhong Q, Chen X, Wu X, Sha R, Song G, Zhang C, Chen X. Neuroprotective Effects of Celastrol on Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia Rats via Regulating HMGB1/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:847. [PMID: 32848589 PMCID: PMC7433406 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is a major cause of brain dysfunction, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress have been implicated in the pathophysiological process of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Celastrol is a potent inhibitor of inflammation and oxidative stress that has little toxicity. The present study was designed to evaluate whether celastrol has neuroprotective effects through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions, and to elucidate the possible involved mechanisms in transient global cerebral ischemia reperfusion (tGCI/R) rats. Celastrol (1, 2, or 4 mg/kg) was administrated intraperitoneally immediately after reperfusion and the effect of celastrol on reverting spatial learning and memory impairment was determined by Morris water maze (MWM) task. Inflammatory response and oxidative stress, hippocampal neuronal damage and glial activation, and HMGB1/NF-κB signaling pathway proteins were also examined. Our results indicated that celastrol dose-dependently reduced hippocampal and serum concentration of pro-inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and oxidative stress marker (MDA), whereas the anti-inflammatory marker IL-10 and antioxidant markers (GSH, SOD, and CAT) were increased significantly in celastrol treated tGCI/R rats. Celastrol alleviated apoptotic neuronal death, inhibited reactive glial activation and proliferation and improved ischemia-induced neurological deficits. Simultaneously, we found that mechanisms responsible for the neuroprotective effect of celastrol could be attributed to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions via inhibiting HMGB1/NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings provide a proof of concept for the further validation that celastrol may be a superior candidate for the treatment of severe cerebral ischemic patients in clinical practice in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuhui Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Sha
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Enshi, China
| | - Guizhi Song
- Department of Quality Inspection, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuanhan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangdong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Li JM, Zhao Y, Sun Y, Kong LD. Potential effect of herbal antidepressants on cognitive deficit: Pharmacological activity and possible molecular mechanism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 257:112830. [PMID: 32259666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cognitive symptom is a "core" symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD) patients with clear deficit in memory, social and occupational function, and may persist during the remitting phase. Therefore, the remission of cognitive symptom has been considered as one of the main objectives in the treatment of MDD. Herbal antidepressants have been used to treat MDD, and there has been great advances in the understanding of the ability of these herbs to improve cognitive deficit linked to brain injury and various diseases including depression, Alzheimer disease, diabetes and age-related disorders. This systematic review summarizes the evidence from preclinical studies and clinical trials of herbal antidepressants with positive effects on cognitive deficit. The potential mechanisms by which herbal antidepressants prevent cognitive deficit are also reviewed. This review will facilitate further research and applications. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted an open-ended, English restricted search of MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science and Scopus for all available articles published or online before 31 December 2019, using terms pertaining to medical herb/phytomedicine/phytochemical/Chinese medicine and depression/major depressive disorder/antidepressant and/or cognitive impairment/cognitive deficit/cognitive dysfunction. RESULTS 7 prescriptions, more than 30 individual herbs and 50 phytochemicals from China, Japan, Korea and India with positive effects on the depressive state and cognitive deficit are reviewed herein. The evidence from preclinical studies and clinical trials proves that these herbal antidepressants exhibit positive effects on one or more aspects of cognitive defect including spatial, episodic, aversive, and short- and long-term memory. The action mode of the improvement of cognitive deficit by these herbal antidepressants is mediated mainly through two pathways. One pathway is to promote hippocampal neurogenesis through activating brain derived neurotrophic factor-tropomyosin-related kinase B signaling. The other pathway is to prevent neuronal apoptosis through the inhibition of neuro-inflammation and neuro-oxidation. CONCLUSION These herbal antidepressants, having potential therapy for cognitive deficit, may prevent pathological processes of neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, these herbal medicines should provide a treasure trove, which will accelerate the development of new antidepressants that can effectively improve cognitive symptom in MDD. Studies on their molecular mechanisms may provide more potential targets and therapeutic approaches for new drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Ling-Dong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
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Patten T, De Biasi M. History repeats itself: Role of characterizing flavors on nicotine use and abuse. Neuropharmacology 2020; 177:108162. [PMID: 32497589 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The popularity of e-cigarettes has skyrocketed in recent years, and most vapers use flavored e-cigarette products. Consumption of flavored e-cigarettes exceeds that of combustible cigarettes and other tobacco products among adolescents, who are particularly vulnerable to becoming nicotine dependent. Flavorings have been used by the tobacco industry since the 17th century, but the use of flavors by the e-cigarette industry to create products with "characterizing" flavors (i.e. flavors other than tobacco or menthol) has sparked a public health debate. This review addresses the possibility that characterizing flavors make nicotine more appealing, rewarding and addictive. It also discusses ways in which preclinical and clinical studies could improve our understanding of the mechanisms by which flavors may alter nicotine reward and reinforcement. This article is part of the special issue on 'Contemporary Advances in Nicotine Neuropharmacology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Patten
- Pharmacology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Mariella De Biasi
- Pharmacology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
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Moghaddam AH, Mokhtari Sangdehi SR, Ranjbar M, Hasantabar V. Preventive effect of silymarin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles against global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 877:173066. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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12
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Ritter MR, Tempesta de OM, Makimori RY, Sereia AL, Simionato AS, Chierrito D, Galdino AF, Gonçalves de OA, Brentan da SD, Novello CR, Cristina de MD, Benedito Prado DF, João Carlos Palazzo de M. Dimeric glycosylated flavan-3-ol and antimicrobial in vitro evaluation of Trichilia catigua extracts. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:3293-3300. [PMID: 31813285 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1698569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Trichilia catigua is a tree known as "catuaba", widely distributed in Brazil. Studies carried out with T. catigua barks suggest that plant has antidepressant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiviral, and preventive against brain damage. The aim of this work was to isolate and characterise compounds from the semipurified fraction of T. catigua barks, and to conduct microbiological screening against bacteria and fungi. The crude extract (CE) of "catuaba" was produced by turbo extraction with acetone-water, and later, partitioned to yield ethyl-acetate (EAF) and aqueous (AqF) fractions. From AqF the new catechin-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside-(4α→8)-epicatechin was isolated, identified, and described here for the first time. Regarding antimicrobial activity, the extracts presented impressive results, mainly for Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) with MIC of 156.5 μg/mL. The results suggest that extract of T. catigua could potentially be used as an adjuvant to treatment and is a promising candidate for the development of new antimicrobial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Roberta Ritter
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biology, Palafito, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Oliveira Marcelo Tempesta de
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biology, Palafito, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Regina Yasuko Makimori
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biology, Palafito, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Sereia
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biology, Palafito, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Ane Stefano Simionato
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Danielly Chierrito
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biology, Palafito, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Andrade Filho Galdino
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Oliveira Admilton Gonçalves de
- Laboratory of Electronic Microscopy and Microanalysis, Multi-user Research Center, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Silva Denise Brentan da
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Mass Spectrometry (LaPNEM), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Claudio Roberto Novello
- Academic Department of Chemistry and Biology, Universidade Federal Tecnológica do Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Brazil
| | - Medeiros Daniela Cristina de
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biology, Palafito, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Dias Filho Benedito Prado
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biology, Palafito, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Mello João Carlos Palazzo de
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biology, Palafito, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
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Soares LM, Ferreira JPC, Milani H, Longhini R, Mello JCP, Nakamura CV, Oliveira RMWD. Anxiolytic-like and proneurogenic effects of Trichilia catigua ethyl-acetate fraction in mice with cerebral ischemia. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wang Z, Zhao W, Shen X, Wan H, Yu JM. The role of P2Y6 receptors in the maintenance of neuropathic pain and its improvement of oxidative stress in rats. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:17123-17130. [PMID: 31106899 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore the role of P2Y6 receptors in the maintenance of neuropathic pain and progression of oxidative stress, we investigated the efficacy of the selective P2Y6 receptors antagonist MRS2578 on the antiallodynic effects and improvement of pathological neuropathic pain-induced oxidative stress, thereby finding a potential therapeutic target in neurological disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS The mechanical allodynia in the ipsilateral spinal dorsal horn (SDH) of rats was observed in rats after chronic constriction injury (CCI). Meanwhile, the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of biological parameters, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the SDH of rats were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In addition, the mRNA expression and protein levels of P2Y6 were measured by RT-PCR and Western blot assay, respectively. Next, the rats subjected to CCI were intrathecally infused with MRS2578 to block the expression of P2Y6 receptors. The positive expression of P2Y6 receptors was examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In the present study, the results revealed that the P2Y6 expression in the ipsilateral SDH of CCI rats was significantly upregulated. In addition, inhibition of the P2Y6 receptor in SDH increased CCI-induced tactile allodynia. Furthermore, the levels of SOD, GSH, and HO-1 which were correlated with oxidative stress produced by CCI were also decreased. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that inhibition of the P2Y6 receptor can generate antiallodynic effects and improved the pathological neuropathic pain-induced oxidative stress. Thus, this study provides a potential approach for the therapy of neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Anesthesiology and Pain Department, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - WenSheng Zhao
- Anesthesiology and Pain Department, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - XinYi Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - HaiFang Wan
- Anesthesiology and Pain Department, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Ming Yu
- Anesthesiology and Pain Department, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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Sereia AL, de Oliveira MT, Baranoski A, Marques LLM, Ribeiro FM, Isolani RG, de Medeiros DC, Chierrito D, Lazarin-Bidóia D, Zielinski AAF, Novello CR, Nakamura CV, Mantovani MS, de Mello JCP. In vitro evaluation of the protective effects of plant extracts against amyloid-beta peptide-induced toxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212089. [PMID: 30763379 PMCID: PMC6375598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and has no cure. Therapeutic strategies focusing on the reduction of oxidative stress, modulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) toxicity and inhibition of tau protein hyperphosphorylation are warranted to avoid the development and progression of AD. The aim of this study was to screen the crude extracts (CEs) and ethyl-acetate fractions (EAFs) of Guazuma ulmifolia, Limonium brasiliense, Paullinia cupana, Poincianella pluviosa, Stryphnodendron adstringens and Trichilia catigua using preliminary in vitro bioassays (acetylcholinesterase inhibition, antioxidant activity and total polyphenol content) to select extracts/fractions and assess their protective effects against Aβ25-35 toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. The effect of the EAF of S. adstringens on mitochondrial membrane potential, lipid peroxidation, superoxide production and mRNA expression of 10 genes related to AD was also evaluated and the electropherogram fingerprints of EAFs were established by capillary electrophoresis. Chemometric tools were used to correlate the in vitro activities of the samples with their potential to be evaluated against AD and to divide extracts/fractions into four clusters. Pretreatment with the EAFs grouped in cluster 1 (S. adstringens, P. pluviosa and L. brasiliense) protected SH-SY5Y cells from Aβ25-35-induced toxicity. The EAF of S. adstringens at 15.62 μg/mL was able completely to inhibit the mitochondrial depolarization (69%), superoxide production (49%) and Aβ25-35-induced lipid peroxidation (35%). With respect to mRNA expression, the EAF of S. adstringens also prevented the MAPT mRNA overexpression (expression ratio of 2.387x) induced by Aβ25-35, which may be related to tau protein hyperphosphorylation. This is the first time that the neuroprotective effects of these fractions have been demonstrated and that the electropherogram fingerprints for the EAFs of G. ulmifolia, L. brasiliense, P. cupana, P. pluviosa and S. adstringens have been established. The study expands knowledge of the in vitro protective effects and quality control of the evaluated fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luiza Sereia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Tempesta de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Adrivanio Baranoski
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Department of General Biology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Leila Larisa Medeiros Marques
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fabianne Martins Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Raquel Garcia Isolani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Daniela Cristina de Medeiros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Danielly Chierrito
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Danielle Lazarin-Bidóia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Acácio Antonio Ferreira Zielinski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Roberto Novello
- Academic Department of Chemistry and Biology, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Celso Vataru Nakamura
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mário Sérgio Mantovani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Department of General Biology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - João Carlos Palazzo de Mello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Askari H, Abazari MF, Ghoraeian P, Torabinejad S, Nouri Aleagha M, Mirfallah Nassiri R, Tahmasebi F, Abedi N, Rajani SF, Salarian A, Belaran M, Elshiekh M, Sanadgol N. Ameliorative effects of hydrogen sulfide (NaHS) on chronic kidney disease-induced brain dysfunction in rats: implication on role of nitric oxide (NO) signaling. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:1945-1954. [PMID: 30090953 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0301-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem worldwide and is associated with spatial learning deficits. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on CKD-mediated behavioral deficits with emphasis to the role of nitric oxide (NO) in these effects. Fifty rats were randomly allocated to five experimental groups including: sham, Five-sixth (5/6) nephrectomy (Nx), 5/6Nx + NaHS, 5/6Nx + NaHS+L-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME), and 5/6Nx + NaHS+aminoguanidine (AMG). Twelve weeks after 5/6Nx, we evaluated proteinuria, creatinine clearance (CrCl), oxidative/antioxidant status, and hippocampus neuro-inflammation and NO synthase genes in all groups. Furthermore, training trials of all animals were conducted in the Morris water maze (MWM) task one day before animal euthanizing. As predicted, 5/6Nx induced several injuries, including enhancement of proteinuria and reduction of CCr, oxidant/antioxidant imbalance and up-regulation of TNF-α and IL-1β gene expressions in the hippocampus tissues. As predicted, 5/6Nx resulted in learning and memory impairments, and increased escape latency during acquisition trials in the MWM task. Interestingly, NaHS (H2S donor) improved behavioral deficits, renal dysfunction, accelerated anti-oxidant/anti-inflammatory responses and increased eNOS and decreased iNOS. Moreover, these effects of NaHS were prevented by L-NAME but not AMG co-administration. In conclusion, H2S ameliorates CKD-mediated brain dysfunctions, through interaction with NO signaling in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Askari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Foad Abazari
- Department of Genetics, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Ghoraeian
- Department of Genetics, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepehr Torabinejad
- Department of Genetics, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Nouri Aleagha
- Department of Genetics, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Farshid Tahmasebi
- Faculty of Sports Science, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nairi Abedi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Sulail Fatima Rajani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Salarian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Belaran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Mohammed Elshiekh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Dongola, Dongola, Sudan
| | - Nima Sanadgol
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.
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Viswanatha GL, Venkataranganna MV, Prasad NBL, Hanumanthappa S. Chemical characterization and cerebroprotective effect of methanolic root extract of Colebrookea oppositifolia in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 223:63-75. [PMID: 29777902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Colebrookea oppositifolia Smith is one of the extensively used plants to treat neurological conditions such as epilepsy by the various ethnic communities in sub-Himalayan regions of India such as Bhoxa, Tharu and nomadic Gujjars. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was conducted to evaluate the cerebroprotective effect of C. oppositifolia methanolic root (MeCO) extract in Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The MeCO was characterized for total phenolic content and later subjected for detailed liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Further, it was evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activity using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, ferric reducing antioxidant power and oxygen radical absorbance capacity assays. In addition, the MeCO was investigated on generation of ROS, nitrite, and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cell lines. Finally, the cerebroprotective effect of MeCO was examined against global ischemia and reperfusion (I/R)-induced brain injury in Wistar rats. Male Wistar rats were allocated in to five groups (G-I to G-V, n = 10). G-I and G-II served as sham control and I/R control, respectively, and received only vehicle (0.5% w/v carboxy methyl cellulose, 10 ml/kg, p.o.). G-III served as reference standard and received quercetin (20 mg/kg, p.o.). G-IV and G-V animals received 200 and 400 mg/kg oral doses of MeCO, respectively. All the treatments were given for a period of seven days and the parameters such as neurobehavioral (neurological, and cognitive), and motor functions, biochemical (enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, ICAM-I), morphological (cerebral edema and infarct area) and histopathological evaluations were performed. RESULTS The MeCO showed a total phenolic content of 137.28 mg gallic acid equivalents/g, and LC-MS/MS analysis of MeCO showed presence of acteoside, gossypin, quercetin and ferulic acid as major ingredients (6680.3, 1.55, 3.52 and 431.1 ng/mg). In in vitro antioxidant assays, the MeCO exhibited potent activity with IC50 of 49.10 µg/ml in DPPH assay; FRAP and ORAC values of 1180.5 and 2983.5 respectively. Furthermore, the MeCO significantly inhibited generation of ROS, nitrite and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cell lines. Sixty min of global ischemia with 24 h reperfusion produced substantial alterations in neurobehavioral functions in the I/R control group compared to sham control. In addition, a significant reduction in catalase and superoxide dismutase activities was observed. Moreover, lipid peroxidation increased and reduced glutathione levels decreased significantly. Furthermore, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and ICAM-I) increased significantly and those of anti-inflammatory (IL-10) decreased. I/R insult increased the brain volume and aggravated cerebral infarct formation. Histopathological examination of the rat brain revealed vascular congestion, cerebral edema, leukocyte infiltration, and brain tissue necrosis. Interestingly, seven days pretreatment with MeCO (200 and 400 mg/kg) alleviated all the I/R-induced perturbances (neurobehavioral, and motor functions, biochemical, morphological and histopathological) compared with the I/R control. CONCLUSIONS The MeCO exhibit potent cerebroprotective activity through its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, and hence may be useful in the management of ischemic stroke and associated complications.
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Godinho J, de Sa-Nakanishi AB, Moreira LS, de Oliveira RMW, Huzita CH, Mello JCP, da Silva AOF, Nakamura CV, Previdelli IS, Ribeiro MHDM, Milani H. Ethyl-acetate fraction of Trichilia catigua protects against oxidative stress and neuroinflammation after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 221:109-118. [PMID: 29660468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Trichilia catigua A. Juss (Meliaceae) preparations have been used in folk medicine to alleviate fatigue, stress, and improve memory. Antinociceptive, antiinflammatory, and in vitro neuroprotective effects have been observed in animals. Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) leads to severe neuropsychological deficits that are largely associated with oxidative stress, inflammation and neurodegeneration. We reported previously that an ethyl-acetate fraction (EAF) of T. catigua reduced brain ischemia-induced learning and memory impairments in the absence of histological protection. AIM OF THE STUDY Continuing those studies, here we aimed to investigate the antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties of T. catigua in an in vivo model of I/R. MATERIAL AND METHODS Rats were subjected to 15 min of brain ischemia (4-VO model) followed by up to 15 days of reperfusion. Vehicle was given by gavage 30 min before ischemia and at 1 h of reperfusion. In a first experiment, brain ischemia-induced changes in oxidative stress markers, i.e., reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein carbonyl groups (PCGs) were measured on days 1, 3, and 5 post-ischemia. Similar time course analysis was done for neuroinflammation markers, i.e., microglia (OX42 immunorreactivity) and astrocytes (GFAP immunorreactivity), in the hippocampus. In a second experiment, the time points at which these markers of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation peaked were used to test the effects of T. catigua (400 mg/kg, p.o.). RESULTS Oxidative stress markers peaked on day 1 post-ischemia. GSH decreased (-23.2%) while GSSG increased (+ 71.1%), which yielded a significant reduction in the GSH/GSSG ratio (-39.1%). The activity of CAT was largely reduced by ischemia (-54.6% to -65.1%), while the concentration of PCG almost doubled in the brain of ischemic rats (+99.10%) in comparison to sham. Treatment with the EAF of T. catigua normalized these changes in oxidative markers to the control levels (GSH: +27.5%; GSSG: -23.8%; GSH/GSSG: +44.6%; PCG: -80.3%). In the hippocampus, neuroinflammation markers peaked on day 5 post-ischemia, with microglial and astrocytic responses increasing to 54.8% and 37.1%, respectively. The elevation in glial cells response was completely prevented by EAF. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that T. catigua has both antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities after transient global cerebral ischemia in rats, which may contribute to the previously reported memory protective effect of T. catigua.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Godinho
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Claudia Hitomi Huzita
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - João Carlos P Mello
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Celso Vataru Nakamura
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Humberto Milani
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
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Mu SW, Dang Y, Wang SS, Gu JJ. The role of high mobility group box 1 protein in acute cerebrovascular diseases. Biomed Rep 2018; 9:191-197. [PMID: 30271593 PMCID: PMC6158396 DOI: 10.3892/br.2018.1127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence and development of acute cerebrovascular diseases involves an inflammatory response, and high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) is a pro-inflammatory factor that is expressed not only in the early-injury stage of disease, but also during the post-repair process. In the initial stage of disease, HMGB1 is released into the outside of the cell to participate in the cascade amplification reaction of inflammation, causing vasospasm, destruction of the blood-brain barrier and apoptosis of nerve cells. In the recovery stage of disease, HMGB1 can promote tissue repair and remodeling, which can aid in nerve function recovery. This review summarizes the biological characteristics of HMGB1, and the role of HMGB1 in ischemic and hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease, and cerebral venous thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wen Mu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongfang Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University Medical College, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Dang
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Dongfang Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University Medical College, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Shou-Sen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongfang Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University Medical College, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Jun Gu
- Department of Neuro-interventional Radiology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
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