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Kumar D, Singla RK, Sharma P, Kumar L, Kaur N, Dhawan RK, Sharma S, Dua K, Sharma R. Phytochemistry and Polypharmacological Potential of Colebrookea oppositifolia Smith. Curr Top Med Chem 2023; 23:334-348. [PMID: 36476430 DOI: 10.2174/1568026623666221202112414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colebrookea oppositifolia Smith. is a valuable traditional therapeutic plant belonging to the family Lamiaceae. It is a dense and wool-like shrub that is mostly found in subtropical regions of some countries of Asia, such as China and India. It has been widely used for the mitigation of nervous system disorders like epilepsy. The active constituents of the plant have exhibited antioxidant, anti-microbial, and antifungal properties, which are considered due to the presence of polyphenols and flavonoids as chief chemical constituents. Flavonoids like quercetin, landenein, chrysin, and 5, 6, 7-trimethoxy flavones cause protein denaturation of the microbial cell wall. OBJECTIVES To comprehend and assemble the fragmented pieces of evidence presented on the traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of the plant to reconnoiter its therapeutic perspective and forthcoming research opportunities. METHODS The available information on Colebrookea oppositifolia has been established by electronically searching peer-reviewed literature from PubMed, Google Scholar, Springer, Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct over the earlier few years. RESULTS The plant has been greatly used for the preparation of many herbal medicines which are used for treating traumatic injuries, fever, rheumatoid arthritis, headache, and gastric problems. From the aerial parts of the plant, a phenylethanoid glycoside named acteoside has been isolated and evaluated for its therapeutic potential viz. immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, analgesic, anti-tumour, antispasmodic, antioxidant, antibacterial, free radical scavenger, and improving sexual function. Acteoside showed neuroprotective activities against Aβ-peptide, which is neurotoxic and causes apoptosis. The petroleum ether extract of the plant leaves offers many active compounds like sitosterol, n-triacontane, hydroxydotriacontyl ferulate, acetyl alcohol, and 3,7,4,2-tetramethoxyflavones which have shown hepatoprotective potential. CONCLUSION The plant should be evaluated further for the estimation of some other health benefits. The consequences of restricted pharmacological screening and reported phytomolecules of Colebrookea oppositifolia Smith. advocate that there is still an exigent requisite for in-depth pharmacological studies of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar
- School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, 174103, India
| | - Rajeev Kumar Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab- 144411, India
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India
- Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Amritsar, 143001, Punjab, India
| | - Lutesh Kumar
- Sri Sai College of Pharmacy, Manawala, Amritsar, 143115, Punjab, India
| | - Navdeep Kaur
- Sri Sai College of Pharmacy, Manawala, Amritsar, 143115, Punjab, India
| | | | - Shailesh Sharma
- Amar Shaheed Baba Ajit Singh Jujhar Singh Memorial College of Pharmacy, Bela, Ropar, Punjab, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, 2007 New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Viswanatha GL, Shylaja H, Nandakumar K, Rajesh S, Male CHKVLSNA. Acteoside isolated from Colebrookea oppositifolia attenuates I/R brain injury in Wistar rats via modulation of HIF-1α, NF-κB, and VEGF pathways. Inflammopharmacology 2021. [PMID: 34365555 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00851-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The objective of this study was to assess the anti-stroke activity of acteoside isolated from methanolic root extract of C. oppositifolia METHODS: Ischemia-reperfusion(I/R) brain injury was induced in Wistar rats to assess the anti-stroke activity of acteoside. Rats were pretreated with acteoside (10, 25 & 50 mg/kg, p.o.) before the induction of I/R injury. Parameters such as neurological, motor-cognitive functions were evaluated along with morphological (brain volume, infarct size), biochemical (SOD, Catalase, GSH, lipid peroxidation, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, ICAM-1, HIF-1α, VEGF, and NF-κB), histopathological, and gene expression studies (HIF-1α, VEGF) were performed to study the protective effect of acteoside against I/R induced brain injury. RESULTS I/R injury caused significant deterioration of neurological (p < 0.01), motor (p < 0.01) and cognitive (p < 0.01) functions, associated with increase in the brain volume (p < 0.01), and infarct size (p < 0.01); increase in the levels of MDA, TNF-α, IL-6, ICAM-1, HIF-1α, VEGF, and NF-κB along with significant decrease in SOD, catalase, GSH, and IL-10 (p < 0.01 for all parameters) compared to Sham control group. Histology of brain tissue of disease control group exhibited significant vascular changes, neutrophil infiltration, cerebral oedema, and necrosis of the neuronal cells. Further, the gene-expression studies showed significant increase in the HIF-1α (p < 0.01) and VEGF (p < 0.01) mRNA levels in the I/R control compared to Sham control. Interestingly, the acteoside (10, 25 & 50 mg/kg) has prevented the neurological, motor and cognitive dysfunctions, along with inhibiting the morphological, biochemical, histological and gene expression changes induced by I/R-injury (p < 0.05 for 10 mg; p < 0.01 for 25 & 50 mg/kg of acteoside for all the parameters). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that acteoside possess potent anti-stroke activity through modulation of HIF-1α, NF-κB, and VEGF pathway along with its potent antioxidant activity.
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Viswanatha GL, Shylaja H, Kishore DV, Venkataranganna MV, Prasad NBL. Acteoside Isolated from Colebrookea oppositifolia Smith Attenuates Epilepsy in Mice Via Modulation of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Pathways. Neurotox Res 2020; 38:1010-23. [PMID: 32803629 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00267-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of acteoside and explore its mechanism of action. Initially, the acteoside was evaluated in maximal electroshock (MES) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced convulsions, and later it was evaluated against N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA)-induced mortality in Swiss albino mice. Based on the response in these models, further evaluations were performed to explore the mechanism of action. In the results, the acteoside (10, 25, and 50 mg/kg) has shown significant anticonvulsant activity in the PTZ model (p < 0.01 for all doses); however, there was no protection observed in MES and NMDA models. Therefore, further mechanism-based studies were performed on the PTZ model, and the outcomes have revealed that there was a significant reduction in GABA (p < 0.01 for both regions) and elevation of glutamate (p < 0.01 for both regions) in the cortex and hippocampus regions of PTZ-treated animals. Further, the antioxidant levels (SOD, catalase, GPx, GR, GSH, LPO) were altered significantly (p < 0.01 for all parameters), with reduced GABAA mRNA levels (p < 0.01) in the PTZ control compared with the normal control. Interestingly, co-administration of acteoside (25 mg/kg) (p < 0.01 for all parameters) has restored all the PTZ-induced alterations compared to PTZ-control. Moreover, the anti-PTZ action of acteoside was completely blocked in the presence of flumazenil, and thus confirmed the GABAergic mechanism behind the anticonvulsant activity of acteoside. Besides, actophotometer and rotarod tests have confirmed that the acteoside is free from central side effects like motor incoordination and locomotor deficits.
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Peron G, Hošek J, Prasad Phuyal G, Raj Kandel D, Adhikari R, Dall’Acqua S. Comprehensive Characterization of Secondary Metabolites from Colebrookea oppositifolia (Smith) Leaves from Nepal and Assessment of Cytotoxic Effect and Anti-Nf-κB and AP-1 Activities In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144897. [PMID: 32664524 PMCID: PMC7402322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report the comprehensive characterization of the secondary metabolites from the leaves of Colebrookea oppositifolia Smith, a species used as medicinal plant in the traditional medicine of Nepal. Phytochemical screening of bioactives was performed using an integrated LC-MSn and high resolution MS (Mass Spectrometry) approach. Forty-three compounds were tentatively identified, mainly aglyconic and glycosilated flavonoids and phenolic acids, as well as other bioactives such as coumarins and terpenes were detected. Furthermore, the NF-κB and AP-1 inhibitory activity of C. oppositifolia extract were evaluated, as well as its cytotoxicity against THP-1 cells, in order to assess the potential use of this herb as a source of anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic compounds. The results so far obtained indicate that C. oppositifolia leaves extract could significantly reduce the viability of THP-1 cells (IC50 = 6.2 ± 1.2 µg/mL), as well as the activation of both NF-κB and AP-1 at the concentration of 2 μg/mL. Our results indicate that Nepalese C. oppositifolia is a valuable source of anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic compounds. The phytochemical composition reported here can partially justify the traditional uses of C. oppositifolia in Nepal, especially in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, although further research will be needed to assess the full potential of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Peron
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Jan Hošek
- Division of Biologically Active Complexes and Molecular Magnets, Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Ganga Prasad Phuyal
- Research Centre for Applied Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kiritipur, 44613 Kathmandu, Nepal; (G.P.P.); (D.R.K.); (R.A.)
| | - Dharma Raj Kandel
- Research Centre for Applied Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kiritipur, 44613 Kathmandu, Nepal; (G.P.P.); (D.R.K.); (R.A.)
| | - Rameshwar Adhikari
- Research Centre for Applied Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kiritipur, 44613 Kathmandu, Nepal; (G.P.P.); (D.R.K.); (R.A.)
| | - Stefano Dall’Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy;
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Viswanatha GL, Venkataranganna MV, Prasad NBL, Hanumanthappa S. Chemical characterization and cerebroprotective effect of methanolic root extract of Colebrookea oppositifolia in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2018; 223:63-75. [PMID: 29777902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Colebrookea oppositifolia Smith is one of the extensively used plants to treat neurological conditions such as epilepsy by the various ethnic communities in sub-Himalayan regions of India such as Bhoxa, Tharu and nomadic Gujjars. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was conducted to evaluate the cerebroprotective effect of C. oppositifolia methanolic root (MeCO) extract in Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The MeCO was characterized for total phenolic content and later subjected for detailed liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Further, it was evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activity using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, ferric reducing antioxidant power and oxygen radical absorbance capacity assays. In addition, the MeCO was investigated on generation of ROS, nitrite, and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cell lines. Finally, the cerebroprotective effect of MeCO was examined against global ischemia and reperfusion (I/R)-induced brain injury in Wistar rats. Male Wistar rats were allocated in to five groups (G-I to G-V, n = 10). G-I and G-II served as sham control and I/R control, respectively, and received only vehicle (0.5% w/v carboxy methyl cellulose, 10 ml/kg, p.o.). G-III served as reference standard and received quercetin (20 mg/kg, p.o.). G-IV and G-V animals received 200 and 400 mg/kg oral doses of MeCO, respectively. All the treatments were given for a period of seven days and the parameters such as neurobehavioral (neurological, and cognitive), and motor functions, biochemical (enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, ICAM-I), morphological (cerebral edema and infarct area) and histopathological evaluations were performed. RESULTS The MeCO showed a total phenolic content of 137.28 mg gallic acid equivalents/g, and LC-MS/MS analysis of MeCO showed presence of acteoside, gossypin, quercetin and ferulic acid as major ingredients (6680.3, 1.55, 3.52 and 431.1 ng/mg). In in vitro antioxidant assays, the MeCO exhibited potent activity with IC50 of 49.10 µg/ml in DPPH assay; FRAP and ORAC values of 1180.5 and 2983.5 respectively. Furthermore, the MeCO significantly inhibited generation of ROS, nitrite and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cell lines. Sixty min of global ischemia with 24 h reperfusion produced substantial alterations in neurobehavioral functions in the I/R control group compared to sham control. In addition, a significant reduction in catalase and superoxide dismutase activities was observed. Moreover, lipid peroxidation increased and reduced glutathione levels decreased significantly. Furthermore, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and ICAM-I) increased significantly and those of anti-inflammatory (IL-10) decreased. I/R insult increased the brain volume and aggravated cerebral infarct formation. Histopathological examination of the rat brain revealed vascular congestion, cerebral edema, leukocyte infiltration, and brain tissue necrosis. Interestingly, seven days pretreatment with MeCO (200 and 400 mg/kg) alleviated all the I/R-induced perturbances (neurobehavioral, and motor functions, biochemical, morphological and histopathological) compared with the I/R control. CONCLUSIONS The MeCO exhibit potent cerebroprotective activity through its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, and hence may be useful in the management of ischemic stroke and associated complications.
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