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Azevedo M, Martinho R, Oliveira A, Correia-de-Sá P, Moreira-Rodrigues M. Molecular pathways underlying sympathetic autonomic overshooting leading to fear and traumatic memories: looking for alternative therapeutic options for post-traumatic stress disorder. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 16:1332348. [PMID: 38260808 PMCID: PMC10800988 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1332348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The sympathoadrenal medullary system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis are both activated upon stressful events. The release of catecholamines, such as dopamine, norepinephrine (NE), and epinephrine (EPI), from sympathetic autonomic nerves participate in the adaptive responses to acute stress. Most theories suggest that activation of peripheral β-adrenoceptors (β-ARs) mediates catecholamines-induced memory enhancement. These include direct activation of β-ARs in the vagus nerve, as well as indirect responses to catecholamine-induced glucose changes in the brain. Excessive sympathetic activity is deeply associated with memories experienced during strong emotional stressful conditions, with catecholamines playing relevant roles in fear and traumatic memories consolidation. Recent findings suggest that EPI is implicated in fear and traumatic contextual memories associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) by increasing hippocampal gene transcription (e.g., Nr4a) downstream to cAMP response-element protein activation (CREB). Herein, we reviewed the literature focusing on the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of memories associated with fear and traumatic experiences to pave new avenues for the treatment of stress and anxiety conditions, such as PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Azevedo
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Immuno-Physiology and Pharmacology and Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Martinho
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Immuno-Physiology and Pharmacology and Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Oliveira
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Immuno-Physiology and Pharmacology and Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Correia-de-Sá
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Department of Immuno-Physiology and Pharmacology and Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Mónica Moreira-Rodrigues
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Immuno-Physiology and Pharmacology and Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
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Palazzo E, Marabese I, Boccella S, Belardo C, Pierretti G, Maione S. Affective and Cognitive Impairments in Rodent Models of Diabetes. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:1327-1343. [PMID: 38279738 PMCID: PMC11092917 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x22666240124164804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and related acute and long-term complications have a profound impact on cognitive, emotional, and social behavior, suggesting that the central nervous system (CNS) is a crucial substrate for diabetic complications. When anxiety, depression, and cognitive deficits occur in diabetic patients, the symptoms and complications related to the disease worsen, contributing to lower quality of life while increasing health care costs and mortality. Experimental models of diabetes in rodents are a fundamental and valuable tool for improving our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the close and reciprocal link between diabetes and CNS alterations, including the development of affective and cognitive disorders. Such models must reproduce the different components of this pathological condition in humans and, therefore, must be associated with affective and cognitive behavioral alterations. Beyond tight glycemic control, there are currently no specific therapies for neuropsychiatric comorbidities associated with diabetes; animal models are, therefore, essential for the development of adequate therapies. To our knowledge, there is currently no review article that summarizes changes in affective and cognitive behavior in the most common models of diabetes in rodents. Therefore, in this review, we have reported the main evidence on the alterations of affective and cognitive behavior in the different models of diabetes in rodents, the main mechanisms underlying these comorbidities, and the applicable therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enza Palazzo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharamacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Ida Marabese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharamacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Boccella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharamacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Belardo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharamacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Gorizio Pierretti
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Sabatino Maione
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharamacology Division, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
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Kmita H, Pinna G, Lushchak VI. Potential oxidative stress related targets of mitochondria-focused therapy of PTSD. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1266575. [PMID: 38028782 PMCID: PMC10679466 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1266575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) remains a highly prevalent, under-diagnosed, and under-treated psychiatric disorder that often deteriorates over time, and is highly comorbid with major depressive disorder, suicidality, and substance use disorder. Several biomarkers have been proposed but have yet to be implemented into clinical practice. Treatments, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, are efficacious in only a small number of patients, which underscores the need to develop novel, efficient treatments. Mitochondrial dysfunction resulting from chronic oxidative stress has been linked with both altered neurotransmitter signaling and the inflammatory response. Hereinafter, we discuss mechanisms by which mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to the development of PTSD symptoms, and how these may even increase PTSD susceptibility. We also highlight possible therapeutic targets to reduce oxidative stress to prevent or treat PTSD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Kmita
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Graziano Pinna
- Psychiatric Institute (SPHPI), Chicago, IL, United States
- UI Center on Depression and Resilience (UICDR), Chicago, IL, United States
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics (CARE), Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Volodymyr I. Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
- Research and Development University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
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Cannabidiol modulates contextual fear memory consolidation in animals with experimentally induced type-1 diabetes mellitus. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2023:1-11. [PMID: 36805056 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2023.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In view of the neuroprotective characteristic of cannabidiol (CBD) and its beneficial action on aversive memory in non-diabetic animals, we aimed to investigate in animals with experimentally induced type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) whether CBD treatment would be able to impair the contextual fear memory consolidation, its generalisation and whether the effect would be lasting. We also investigated the CBD effect on anxiety-like responses. METHODS After T1DM induction, animals received single or more prolonged treatment with CBD and were submitted to the contextual fear conditioning test. As expression of activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associated (Arc) protein is necessary for memory consolidation, we evaluated its expression in the dorsal hippocampus (DH). For evaluating anxiety-related responses, animals were submitted to the elevated plus maze test (EPMT), in which the time and number of entries in the open arms were used as anxiety index. RESULTS A single injection of CBD impaired the contextual fear memory consolidation and its generalisation, which was evaluated by exposing the animal in a neutral context. This single injection was able to reduce the elevated expression of Arc in the DH from these animals. Interestingly, more prolonged treatment with CBD also impaired the persistence of context-conditioned fear memory and induced an anxiolytic-like effect, as the treated group spent more time in the open arms of the EPMT. CONCLUSION CBD interferes with contextual fear memory and the dosage regimen of treatment seems to be important. Moreover, we cannot rule out the involvement of emotional aspects in these processes related to fear memory.
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Waltrick APF, da Silva ACF, de Mattos BA, Chaves YC, de Oliveira RMW, Prickaerts J, Zanoveli JM. Long-term treatment with roflumilast improves learning of fear extinction memory and anxiety-like response in a type-1 diabetes mellitus animal model. Behav Brain Res 2023; 439:114217. [PMID: 36400237 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic encephalopathy is related to serious damage to the Central Nervous System leading to several disturbances in memory processing and emotions. It is known that the cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) responsive element-binding protein (CREB) pathway participates in neuronal plasticity and prevention of neuroinflammation, as well as the mediation of learning/memory processes and emotions in brain areas such as the hippocampus (HIP) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). We aimed to investigate the effect of acute (one injection) and long-term treatment (21 days) with roflumilast (ROF; i.p.; 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.1 mg/kg), a drug able to inhibit the enzyme phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE-4) responsible for cAMP hydrolysis, on parameters related to the acquisition of fear extinction memory and anxiety-like responses in animals with type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) induced through one injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg; ip; STZ animals). When we performed acute treatment, no difference was observed between all the groups when resubmitted to the same context paired with an aversive stimulus (footshock) or to a neutral context. In contrast, long-term treatment was able to improve learning of extinction fear memory and discriminating between a conditioned and neutral context. Moreover, this treatment decreased the pronounced anxiety-like response of STZ animals. In addition, there was an increase in the product of the CREB signaling pathway, the pro brain-derived neurotrophic factor, in the HIP and PFC of these animals. The treatment did not impair glycemic control, whereas it decreased the animal's blood glucose levels. To conclude, these findings suggest that ROF treatment repositioning has potential for future translational investigations involving diabetic patients considering its beneficial effects on emotional processes related to fear memory and anxiety, in addition to improvement of glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Farias Waltrick
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Building, Federal University of Paraná, Street Coronel Francisco H dos Santos S/N, P.O. Box 19031, Curitiba, PR 81540-990, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Felipe da Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Building, Federal University of Paraná, Street Coronel Francisco H dos Santos S/N, P.O. Box 19031, Curitiba, PR 81540-990, Brazil
| | | | - Yane Costa Chaves
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Building, Federal University of Paraná, Street Coronel Francisco H dos Santos S/N, P.O. Box 19031, Curitiba, PR 81540-990, Brazil
| | | | - Jos Prickaerts
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, University of Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Janaína Menezes Zanoveli
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Building, Federal University of Paraná, Street Coronel Francisco H dos Santos S/N, P.O. Box 19031, Curitiba, PR 81540-990, Brazil.
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Alzoubi KH, Halboup AM, Khabour OF, Alomari MA. The Protective Effects of the Combination of Vitamin E and Swimming Exercise on Memory Impairment Induced by Exposure to Waterpipe Smoke. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2023; 22:304-312. [PMID: 35306997 DOI: 10.2174/1871527321666220318113635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Waterpipe smoking (WP) exposure involves a negative health impact, including memory deficit, which is attributed to the elevation of oxidative stress. Vitamin E (VitE) in combination with swimming exercise exerts protective effects that prevent memory impairment. In the current study, the modulation of WP-induced memory impairment by the combined effect of VitE and swimming exercise (SE) was investigated. METHODS Animals were exposed to WP one hour/day, five days per week for four weeks. Simultaneously, VitE (100 mg/kg, six days/week for four weeks) was administered via oral gavage, and the rats were made to swim one hour/day, five days/week for four weeks. Changes in memory were evaluated using radial arm water maze (RAWM), and oxidative stress biomarkers were examined in the hippocampus. RESULTS WP exposure induced short-term/long-term memory impairment (p<0.05). This impairment was prevented by a combination of VitE with SE (p<0.05). Additionally, this combination normalized the hippocampal catalase, GPx, and GSH/GSSG ratios that were modulated by WP (p<0.05). The combination further reduced TBARs levels below those of the control group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION WP-induced memory impairments were prevented by the combination of VitE with SE. This could be attributed to preserving the hippocampal oxidative mechanism by combining VitE and SE during WP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Abdulsalam M Halboup
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology, Sana\'a, Yemen
| | - Omar F Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
| | - Mahmoud A Alomari
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Physical Therapy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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de Lima Silva AHB, Radulski DR, Pereira GS, Acco A, Zanoveli JM. A single injection of pregabalin induces short- and long-term beneficial effects on fear memory and anxiety-like behavior in rats with experimental type-1 diabetes mellitus. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1095-1110. [PMID: 35239142 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00936-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety Disorders and Posttraumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD) associated with type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are increasingly common comorbidities and the treatment is quite challenging. In that sense, evidence indicates that the anticonvulsant pregabalin is highly effective in treating severe cases of anxiety, as well as PTSD and diabetic neuropathic pain which is also very prevalent in T1DM. Herein, the short- and long-term effects of a single injection of pregabalin on the acquisition of a fear extinction memory and parameters of anxiety in induced-T1DM animals were investigated. For that, we used the contextual fear conditioning (CFC) and elevated plus maze paradigms, respectively. A putative antioxidant activity was also evaluated. Our findings demonstrated that induced-T1DM animals presented greater expression of fear memory, difficulty in extinguishing this fear memory, associated with a more pronounced anxiety-like response. Pregabalin was able to induce a short and long-lasting effect by facilitating the acquisition of the fear extinction memory and inducing a later anxiolytic-like effect. Also, the increased lipid peroxidation levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of induced-T1DM rats were reduced after pregabalin injection, while the decreased levels of reduced glutathione were increased in the hippocampus. Despite the need for more studies to understand the mechanism of action of pregabalin under these conditions, our data demonstrate for the first time that a single injection of pregabalin in a specific time window was able to improve behavioral parameters in addition to inducing neuroprotective effect. Thus, pregabalin has potential worth exploring for the treatment of PTSD and/or Anxiety associated with T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Debora Rasec Radulski
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Science Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Saidel Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Science Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Acco
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Science Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Janaina Menezes Zanoveli
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Science Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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Polopalli S, Yetukuri AR, Danduga RCSR, Kola PK. A prognostic study on the effect of post-traumatic stress disorder on cerebral ischaemia reperfusion-induced stroke. World J Biol Psychiatry 2022; 23:136-150. [PMID: 34165039 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2021.1935318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies have been established that persons who experienced a stroke are soon likely to develop several anxiety disorders. In which one of the major anxiety disorders is Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Yet, the likelihood of PTSD in conjunction with cerebral stroke has not been well described. Hence, we evaluated the impact of PTSD on cerebral stroke in rodents subjected to single prolonged stress (SPS) and bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAo), respectively. METHODS The relation between PTSD and cerebral stroke is evaluated by performing behavioural, biochemical, histopathological, and brain lesion area measurement studies. RESULTS Interestingly, SPS + BCCAo induction increased behavioural abnormalities like cognitive impairment and anxiety-like behaviour compared to SPS and BCCAo groups alone. Motor impairment was also observed in SPS + BCCAo rats compared to SPS rats, whereas no change with BCCAo rats. Furthermore, increased brain tissue MDA, acetylcholinesterase, and decreased SOD, catalase, and GSH were observed in SPS + BCCAo subjected rats compared to SPS and BCCAo rats alone. Additionally, SPS + BCCAo induction considerably increased the plasma corticosterone levels and caused severe neurotransmitter alterations. The SPS + BCCAo exposure significantly increased the brain lesion area in comparison with BCCAo rats. Moreover, severe histopathological alterations were observed in the hippocampus (CA1) of SPS + BCCAo rats compared to SPS and BCCAo rats alone. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our study results suggested that SPS-induced PTSD may aggravate the BCCAo induced cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanyam Polopalli
- Department of Pharmacology, Vishnu Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Narsapur, Medak, India.,Department of Pharmacology, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, India
| | - Amulya Rani Yetukuri
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, India
| | | | - Phani Kumar Kola
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, India
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Nanonaringenin and Vitamin E Ameliorate Some Behavioral, Biochemical, and Brain Tissue Alterations Induced by Nicotine in Rats. J Toxicol 2021; 2021:4411316. [PMID: 34608387 PMCID: PMC8487377 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4411316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotine is the major alkaloid present in cigarettes that induces various biochemical and behavioral changes. Nanonaringenin (NNG) and vitamin E are antioxidants that are reported to mitigate serious impairments caused by some toxins and oxidants. Thus, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of NNG, vitamin E, and their combinations to ameliorate behavioral, biochemical, and histological alterations induced by nicotine in rats. Adult male albino rats were randomly grouped into six equal groups (10 rats/group): control, N (nicotine 1 mg/kg b.w./day S/C from 15th to 45th day, 5 days a week), NNG (25 mg/kg b.w./day orally for 45 days), N + NNG, N + E (nicotine + vitamin E 200 mg/kg b.w./day orally), and N + NNG + E (nicotine + NNG + vitamin E at the aforementioned doses). Behavioral tests were conducted on day 15 and 30 postnicotine injection, while memory tests, brain neurotransmitters, antioxidants, and histopathological examination were examined at day 30 only. As a result, nicotine impaired rats' activity (hypoactivity and hyperactivity) and memory, induced anxiolytic and anxiogenic effects on rats, and altered neurotransmitters (acetylcholinesterase, serotonin, and dopamine), and redox markers (MDA, H2O2, GSH, and catalase) levels in brain homogenates. Thickening and congestion of the meninges and degeneration of the cerebral neurons and glia cells were observed. Cosupplementation with NNG, vitamin E, and their combination with nicotine was beneficial in the alleviation of activity impairments and improved short memory and cognition defects and exploratory behaviors. Our results indicate the antioxidant potential of NNG and vitamin E by modulating redox markers and neurotransmitters in the brain. Thus, data suggest that the prophylactic use of NNG, vitamin E, and/or their combination for (45 days) may have a successful amelioration of the disrupted behavior and cognition and biochemical and histopathological alterations induced by nicotine.
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Increase in brain l-lactate enhances fear memory in diabetic mice: Involvement of glutamate neurons. Brain Res 2021; 1767:147560. [PMID: 34129854 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous reports suggest that diabetes mellitus is associated with psychiatric disorders, including depression and anxiety, but the mechanisms involved are unknown. We have reported that streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice show enhancement of conditioned fear memory. To clarify the mechanisms through which diabetes affects conditioned fear memory, the present study investigated the role of l-lactate and glutamatergic function in enhancement of conditioned fear memory in diabetes. l-lactate levels in the amygdala and hippocampus, which are known to play important roles in fear memory, were significantly increased in STZ-induced diabetic mice. The glucose transporter (GLUT) 1 was significantly increased both in the amygdala and in the hippocampus. In contrast, GLUT3, the monocarboxylic acid transporter (MCT) 1 and MCT2 in the amygdala and hippocampus were not altered in STZ-induced diabetic mice. I.c.v. injection of l-lactate to non-diabetic mice significantly increased duration of freezing, whereas the MCT inhibitor 4-CIN significantly inhibited duration of freezing in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Injection of l-lactate significantly increased glutamate levels in the amygdala and hippocampus. Duration of freezing induced by l-lactate was significantly inhibited by the AMPA receptor antagonist NBQX. In addition, injection of NBQX into the amygdala and hippocampus significantly inhibited duration of freezing in STZ-induced diabetic mice. These results suggest that l-lactate levels are increased in the amygdala and hippocampus in diabetic mice, which may enhance fear memory though activation of glutamatergic function in the amygdala and hippocampus.
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Davison KM, Hyland CE, West ML, Lin SL, Tong H, Kobayashi KM, Fuller-Thomson E. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in mid-age and older adults differs by immigrant status and ethnicity, nutrition, and other determinants of health in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA). Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:963-980. [PMID: 33533972 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-02003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to address knowledge gaps about post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in mid-age and older adults, with particular attention to the relationship of PTSD with nutrition and with ethnicity and immigrant status. METHODS Binary logistic regression analysis of weighted comprehensive cohort data from the baseline Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA; n = 27,211) was conducted using the four-item Primary Care-PTSD tool (outcome) and immigrant status by ethnicity (Canadian-born white, Canadian-born minority, immigrant white, immigrant minority). Covariates included various social, economic, nutrition and health-related variables. RESULTS After controlling for socioeconomic and health variables, immigrants from minority groups had significantly higher odds of PTSD compared to their Canadian-born counterparts, whereas white immigrants had lower odds of PTSD. These relationships were significantly robust across seven cluster-based regression models. After adjusting for ethnicity/immigrant status, the odds of PTSD were higher among those earning lower household incomes, widowed, divorced, or separated respondents, ever smokers, and those who had multi-morbidities, chronic pain, high nutritional risk, or who reported daily consumptions of pastries, pulses and nuts, or chocolate. Conversely, those 55 years and over, who had high waist-to-height ratio, or who consumed 2-3 fiber sources daily had significantly lower odds of PTSD. CONCLUSION Interventions aimed at managing PTSD in mid-age and older adults should consider ethnicity, immigrant status, as well as socioeconomic, health, and nutrition status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Davison
- Faculty of Social Science, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA.,Faculty of Science and Horticulture (Health Science), Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Surrey, BC, Canada
| | - Christina E Hyland
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street W, Toronto, ON, M5S 1V4, Canada
| | - Meghan L West
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street W, Toronto, ON, M5S 1V4, Canada
| | - Shen Lamson Lin
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street W, Toronto, ON, M5S 1V4, Canada.,Institute for Life Course & Aging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hongmei Tong
- Faculty of Health and Community Studies, MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Karen M Kobayashi
- Faculty of Social Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Esme Fuller-Thomson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street W, Toronto, ON, M5S 1V4, Canada. .,Institute for Life Course & Aging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Chaves YC, Genaro K, Crippa JA, da Cunha JM, Zanoveli JM. Cannabidiol induces antidepressant and anxiolytic-like effects in experimental type-1 diabetic animals by multiple sites of action. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:639-652. [PMID: 33464458 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00667-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD), a phytocannabinoid compound, presents antidepressant and anxiolytic-like effects in the type-1 diabetes mellitus(DM1) animal model. Although the underlying mechanism remains unknown, the type-1A serotonin receptor (5-HT1A) and cannabinoids type-1 (CB1) and type-2 (CB2) receptors seem to play a central role in mediating the beneficial effects on emotional responses. We aimed to study the involvement of these receptors on an antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects of CBD and on some parameters of the diabetic condition itself. After 2 weeks of the DM1 induction in male Wistar rats by streptozotocin (60 mg/kg; i.p.), animals were treated continuously for 2-weeks with the 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY100635 (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.), CB1 antagonist AM251 (1 mg/kg i.p.) or CB2 antagonist AM630 (1 mg/kg i.p.) before the injection of CBD (30 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle (VEH, i.p.) and then, they were submitted to the elevated plus-maze and forced swimming tests. Our findings show the continuous treatment with CBD improved all parameters evaluated in these diabetic animals. The previous treatment with the antagonists - 5-HT1A, CB1, or CB2 - blocked the CBD-induced antidepressant-like effect whereas only the blockade of 5-HT1A or CB1 receptors was able to inhibit the CBD-induced anxiolytic-like effect. Regarding glycemic control, only the blockade of CB2 was able to inhibit the beneficial effect of CBD in reducing the glycemia of diabetic animals. These findings indicated a therapeutic potential for CBD in the treatment of depression/anxiety associated with diabetes pointing out a complex intrinsic mechanism in which 5-HT1A, CB1, and/or CB2 receptors are differently recruited.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Anxiety Agents/pharmacology
- Anti-Anxiety Agents/therapeutic use
- Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology
- Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use
- Cannabidiol/pharmacology
- Cannabidiol/therapeutic use
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/psychology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/psychology
- Male
- Maze Learning/drug effects
- Maze Learning/physiology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/agonists
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Yane Costa Chaves
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Science Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Karina Genaro
- Institute of Neurosciences and Behavior (INeC), University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - José Alexandre Crippa
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM- CNPq), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joice Maria da Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Science Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- Institute of Neurosciences and Behavior (INeC), University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Janaína Menezes Zanoveli
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Science Sector, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
- Institute of Neurosciences and Behavior (INeC), University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Activation of mineralocorticoid receptors facilitate the acquisition of fear memory extinction and impair the generalization of fear memory in diabetic animals. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:529-542. [PMID: 31713655 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05388-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Studies point out a higher prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in individuals with diabetes mellitus. It is known that glucocorticoid (GR) and mineralocorticoid (MR) receptors are implicated in fear memory processes and PTSD. However, there is no preclinical studies addressing the involvement of these receptors on abnormal fear memories related to diabetic condition. OBJECTIVES By inducing a contextual conditioned fear memory, we generate a suitable condition to investigate the extinction and the generalization of the fear memory in streptozotocin-induced diabetic (DBT) rats alongside the expression of the cytosolic and nuclear GR and MR in the hippocampus (HIP) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Moreover, we investigated the involvement of the MR or GR on the acquisition of fear memory extinction and on the generalization of this fear memory. When appropriate, anxiety-related behavior was evaluated. METHODS Male Wistar rats received one injection of steptozotocin (i.p.) to induce diabetes. After 4 weeks, the animals (DBTs and non-DBTs) were subjected to a conditioned contextual fear protocol. RESULTS The expression of MR and GR in the HIP and PFC was similar among all the groups. The single injection of MR agonist was able to facilitate the acquisition of the impaired fear memory extinction in DBTs animals together with the impairment of its generalization. However, the GR antagonism impaired only the generalization of this fear memory which was blocked by the previous injection of the MR antagonist. All treatments were able to exert anxiolytic-like effects. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that MR activation in DBT animals disrupts the overconsolidation of aversive memory, without discarding the involvement of emotional behavior in these processes.
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14
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Caliskan H, Akat F, Omercioglu G, Bastug G, Ficicilar H, Bastug M. Aerobic exercise has an anxiolytic effect on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2020. [DOI: 10.21307/ane-2020-022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Caliskan H, Akat F, Tatar Y, Zaloglu N, Dursun AD, Bastug M, Ficicilar H. Effects of exercise training on anxiety in diabetic rats. Behav Brain Res 2019; 376:112084. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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El-Beeh ME, Aljabri M, Orabi HF, Qari SH, Ramadan MF. Ameliorative impact of cold-pressed Rosmarinus officinalis oil against liver toxicity and genotoxic effects in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and their offspring. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12905. [PMID: 31353725 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic, lifelong condition threatening human health. Rosmarinus officinalis oil (RO) could have a future role in DM therapy. This study evaluated the composition and antioxidative potential of RO. Antidiabetic traits of RO in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats was also studied considering the ameliorative impact against embryogenesis defects using in vitro and in vivo biochemical, histological, and genetic assays. RO was investigated for fatty acids and bioactive compounds (tocols and total phenolic compounds), and antiradical potential against DPPH• radicals. The genetic effects were investigated using comet assay and DNA fragmentation test. DM was induced to albino rats by injecting 60 mg/kg of STZ, while RO (100 mg/kg b.w.) was administered. The pregnant animals were divided into four groups; control (C), RO-treated (RO), diabetic (D), and combined diabetic with RO-treated (D-RO). The study was conducted for 180 days. In RO, the contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and saturated fatty acids were 42.3%, 41.7%, and 15.8%, respectively. The levels of α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols were 280, 20, 1,025, and 35 mg/100 g RO, respectively. RO contained 7.2 mg GAE/g of total phenolic compounds (TPC), while RO quenched 70% of DPPH• radicals. While glucose levels reached the highest in DM rats, treating STZ-induced diabetic animals with RO-resoluted serum glucose levels. RO reduced the highest levels of serum chemistry parameters were recorded in DM animals. Histological photographs of maternal and fetus liver exhibited degenerated hepatic cells and congestion central vein. Comet cells and DNA fragments were significantly decreased in D-RO group comparing to the DM group. RO exhibited antidiabetic capabilities, and thus, it could be utilized as a functional ingredient in novel foods, nutraceuticals, and dietary supplements for diabetic patients. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: RO is rich in bioactive phytochemicals (tocols and phenolic compounds) with antiradical and antihyperglycemic capabilities. Tocols and phenolics are active in radical scavenging of reactive nitrogen species (i.e., peroxynitrite and nitrogen dioxide), and in the prevention of DNA bases nitration. Our results demonstrated that RO could improve the disturbed metabolism of carbohydrate in STZ-diabetic animals. The potential mode of action of bioactive compounds in RO most likely encompasses the intracellular pathway involved in glucose homeostasis or insulin signaling. In addition, the suppression of oxidative stress by phenolic compounds could provide to the antidiabetic impacts of RO. Our data supported that RO could be utilized to ameliorate DM. Protection with RO directed high protection of the maternal organs and offspring against the oxidative stress of diabetes due to the antihyperlipidemic effects and the antioxidant capabilities of RO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E El-Beeh
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Biology Department, Al-Jumum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Aljabri
- Biology Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham F Orabi
- Deanship of Scientific Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameer H Qari
- Biology Department, Al-Jumum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan
- Deanship of Scientific Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Agricultural Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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