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Hoffmeister JD, Broadfoot CK, Schaen-Heacock NE, Lechner SA, Krasko MN, Nisbet AF, Russell J, Szot J, Glass TJ, Connor NP, Kelm-Nelson CA, Ciucci MR. Vocal and tongue exercise in early to mid-stage Parkinson disease using the Pink1-/- rat. Brain Res 2024; 1837:148958. [PMID: 38685371 PMCID: PMC11166513 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Vocal and swallowing deficits are common in Parkinson disease (PD). Because these impairments are resistant to dopamine replacement therapies, vocal and lingual exercise are the primary treatment, but not all individuals respond to exercise and neural mechanisms of treatment response are unclear. To explore putative mechanisms, we used the progressive Pink1-/- rat model of early to mid-stage PD and employed vocal and lingual exercises at 6- and 10-months of age in male Pink1-/- and wild type (WT) rats. We hypothesized that vocal and lingual exercise would improve vocal and tongue use dynamics and increase serotonin (5HT) immunoreactivity in related brainstem nuclei. Rats were tested at baseline and after 8 weeks of exercise or sham exercise. At early-stage PD (6 months), vocal exercise resulted in increased call complexity, but did not change intensity, while at mid-stage (10 months), vocal exercise no longer influenced vocalization complexity. Lingual exercise increased tongue force generation and reduced relative optical density of 5HT in the hypoglossal nucleus at both time points. The effects of vocal and lingual exercise at these time points are less robust than in prodromal stages observed in previous work, suggesting that early exercise interventions may yield greater benefit. Future work targeting optimization of exercise at later time points may facilitate clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Hoffmeister
- University of Minnesota, Dept. of Otolaryngology, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55422, USA; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Dept. of Communication Sciences and Disorders, 1975 Willow Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - C K Broadfoot
- University of South Alabama, Dept. of Speech Pathology and Audiology, 5721 USA Drive N, HAHN 1119, Mobile, AL 36688, USA; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Dept. of Surgery, Div. of Otolaryngology, 1300 University Avenue, 483 Medical Sciences Building, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - N E Schaen-Heacock
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Dept. of Communication Sciences and Disorders, 1975 Willow Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Dept. of Surgery, Div. of Otolaryngology, 1300 University Avenue, 483 Medical Sciences Building, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - S A Lechner
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Dept. of Surgery, Div. of Otolaryngology, 1300 University Avenue, 483 Medical Sciences Building, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - M N Krasko
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Dept. of Communication Sciences and Disorders, 1975 Willow Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Dept. of Surgery, Div. of Otolaryngology, 1300 University Avenue, 483 Medical Sciences Building, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - A F Nisbet
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Dept. of Surgery, Div. of Otolaryngology, 1300 University Avenue, 483 Medical Sciences Building, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - J Russell
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Dept. of Surgery, Div. of Otolaryngology, 1300 University Avenue, 483 Medical Sciences Building, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - J Szot
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Dept. of Surgery, Div. of Otolaryngology, 1300 University Avenue, 483 Medical Sciences Building, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - T J Glass
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Dept. of Surgery, Div. of Otolaryngology, 1300 University Avenue, 483 Medical Sciences Building, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - N P Connor
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Dept. of Communication Sciences and Disorders, 1975 Willow Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Dept. of Surgery, Div. of Otolaryngology, 1300 University Avenue, 483 Medical Sciences Building, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - C A Kelm-Nelson
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Dept. of Surgery, Div. of Otolaryngology, 1300 University Avenue, 483 Medical Sciences Building, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - M R Ciucci
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Dept. of Communication Sciences and Disorders, 1975 Willow Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Dept. of Surgery, Div. of Otolaryngology, 1300 University Avenue, 483 Medical Sciences Building, Madison, WI 53706, USA; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Neuroscience Training Program, 9531 WIMR II, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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Soto I, McManus R, Navarrete-Barahona W, Kasanga EA, Doshier K, Nejtek VA, Salvatore MF. Aging hastens locomotor decline in PINK1 knockout rats in association with decreased nigral, but not striatal, dopamine and tyrosine hydroxylase expression. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.01.578317. [PMID: 38352365 PMCID: PMC10862808 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.01.578317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) rodent models provide insight into the relationship between nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) signaling and locomotor function. Although toxin-based rat models produce frank nigrostriatal neuron loss and eventual motor decline characteristic of PD, the rapid nature of neuronal loss may not adequately translate premotor traits, such as cognitive decline. Unfortunately, rodent genetic PD models, like the Pink1 knockout (KO) rat, often fail to replicate the differential severity of striatal DA and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) loss, and a bradykinetic phenotype, reminiscent of human PD. To elucidate this inconsistency, we evaluated aging as a progression factor in the timing of motor and non-motor cognitive impairments. Male PINK1 KO and age-matched wild type (WT) rats were evaluated in a longitudinal study from 3 to 16 months old in one cohort, and in a cross-sectional study of young adult (6-7 months) and aged (18-19 months) in another cohort. Young adult PINK1 KO rats exhibited hyperkinetic behavior associated with elevated DA and TH in the substantia nigra (SN), which decreased therein, but not striatum, in the aged KO rats. Additionally, norepinephrine levels decreased in aged KO rats in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), paired with a higher DA content in young and aged KO. Although a younger age of onset characterizes familial forms of PD, our results underscore the critical need to consider age-related factors. Moreover, the results indicate that compensatory mechanisms may exist to preserve locomotor function, evidenced by increased DA in the SN early in the lifespan, in response to deficient PINK1 function, which declines with aging and the onset of motor impairment.
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Barnett DG, Lechner SA, Gammie SC, Kelm-Nelson CA. Thyroarytenoid Oxidative Metabolism and Synaptic Signaling Dysregulation in the Female Pink1-/- Rat. Laryngoscope 2023; 133:3412-3421. [PMID: 37293988 PMCID: PMC10709531 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES AND HYPOTHESIS Vocal dysfunction, including hypophonia, in Parkinson disease (PD) manifests in the prodromal period and significantly impacts an individual's quality of life. Data from human studies suggest that pathology leading to vocal deficits may be structurally related to the larynx and its function. The Pink1-/- rat is a translational model used to study pathogenesis in the context of early-stage mitochondrial dysfunction. The primary objective of this work was to identify differentially expressed genes in the thyroarytenoid muscle and examine the dysregulated biological pathways in the female rat. METHODS RNA sequencing was used to determine thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle gene expression in adult female Pink1-/- rats compared with controls. A bioinformatic approach and the ENRICHR gene analysis tool were used to compare the sequencing dataset with biological pathways and processes, disease relationships, and drug-repurposing compounds. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis was used to construct biological network modules. The data were compared with a previously published dataset in male rats. RESULTS Significant upregulated pathways in female Pink1-/- rats included fatty acid oxidation and muscle contraction, synaptic transmission, and neuromuscular processes. Downregulated pathways included anterograde transsynaptic signaling, chemical synaptic transmission, and ion release. Several drug treatment options including cetuximab, fluoxetine, and resveratrol are hypothesized to reverse observed genetic dysregulation. CONCLUSIONS Data presented here are useful for identifying biological pathways that may underlie the mechanisms of peripheral dysfunction including neuromuscular synaptic transmission to the TA muscle. These experimental biomarkers have the potential to be targeted as sites for improving the treatment for hypophonia in early-stage PD. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 133:3412-3421, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G.S. Barnett
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Sarah A. Lechner
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Stephen C. Gammie
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Cynthia A. Kelm-Nelson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
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Boi L, Fisone G. Investigating affective neuropsychiatric symptoms in rodent models of Parkinson's disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 174:119-186. [PMID: 38341228 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Affective neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety and apathy are among the most frequent non-motor symptoms observed in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). These conditions often emerge during the prodromal phase of the disease and are generally considered to result from neurodegenerative processes in meso-corticolimbic structures, occurring in parallel to the loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Depression, anxiety, and apathy are often treated with conventional medications, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, and dopaminergic agonists. The ability of these pharmacological interventions to consistently counteract such neuropsychiatric symptoms in PD is still relatively limited and the development of reliable experimental models represents an important tool to identify more effective treatments. This chapter provides information on rodent models of PD utilized to study these affective neuropsychiatric symptoms. Neurotoxin-based and genetic models are discussed, together with the main behavioral tests utilized to identify depression- and anxiety-like behaviors, anhedonia, and apathy. The ability of various therapeutic approaches to counteract the symptoms observed in the various models is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Boi
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gilberto Fisone
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Molina-Mateo D, Valderrama BP, Zárate RV, Hidalgo S, Tamayo-Leiva J, Soto A, Guerra S, Arriagada V, Oliva C, Diez B, Campusano JM. Kanamycin treatment in the pre-symptomatic stage of a Drosophila PD model prevents the onset of non-motor alterations. Neuropharmacology 2023; 236:109573. [PMID: 37196855 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor alterations, which is preceded by a prodromal stage where non-motor symptoms are observed. Over recent years, it has become evident that this disorder involves other organs that communicate with the brain like the gut. Importantly, the microbial community that lives in the gut plays a key role in this communication, the so-called microbiota-gut-brain axis. Alterations in this axis have been associated to several disorders including PD. Here we proposed that the gut microbiota is different in the presymptomatic stage of a Drosophila model for PD, the Pink1B9 mutant fly, as compared to that observed in control animals. Our results show this is the case: there is basal dysbiosis in mutant animals evidenced by substantial difference in the composition of midgut microbiota in 8-9 days old Pink1B9 mutant flies as compared with control animals. Further, we fed young adult control and mutant flies kanamycin and analyzed motor and non-motor behavioral parameters in these animals. Data show that kanamycin treatment induces the recovery of some of the non-motor parameters altered in the pre-motor stage of the PD fly model, while there is no substantial change in locomotor parameters recorded at this stage. On the other hand, our results show that feeding young animals the antibiotic, results in a long-lasting improvement of locomotion in control flies. Our data support that manipulations of gut microbiota in young animals could have beneficial effects on PD progression and age-dependent motor impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Molina-Mateo
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile; Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - B P Valderrama
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - R V Zárate
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - S Hidalgo
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - J Tamayo-Leiva
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile; Center for Genome Regulation, Faculty of Science, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Soto
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - S Guerra
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - V Arriagada
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - C Oliva
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - B Diez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile; Center for Genome Regulation, Faculty of Science, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Center for Climate and Resilience Research, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - J M Campusano
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile; Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.
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Han R, Liu Y, Li S, Li XJ, Yang W. PINK1-PRKN mediated mitophagy: differences between in vitro and in vivo models. Autophagy 2023; 19:1396-1405. [PMID: 36282767 PMCID: PMC10240983 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2139080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy is a key intracellular process that selectively removes damaged mitochondria to prevent their accumulation that can cause neuronal degeneration. During mitophagy, PINK1 (PTEN induced kinase 1), a serine/threonine kinase, works with PRKN/parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, to target damaged mitochondria to the lysosome for degradation. Mutations in the PINK1 and PRKN genes cause early-onset Parkinson disease that is also associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. There are a large number of reports indicating the critical role of PINK1 in mitophagy. However, most of these findings were obtained from in vitro experiments with exogenous PINK1 expression and acute damage of mitochondria by toxins. Recent studies using novel animal models suggest that PINK1-PRKN can also function independent of mitochondria. In this review, we highlight the major differences between in vitro and in vivo models for investigating PINK1 and discuss the potential mechanisms underlying these differences with the aim of understanding how PINK1 functions under different circumstances.Abbreviations: AAV: adeno-associated viruses;AD: Alzheimer disease; CCCP: carbonyl cyanidem-chlorophenyl hydrazone; HD: Huntington disease; MPTP: 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; MTS: mitochondrial targeting sequence; PD: Parkinson diseases; PINK1: PTEN induced kinase 1; PRKN: parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; ROS: reactive oxygen species; UIM, ubiquitin interacting motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Han
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanting Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shihua Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weili Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Cullins MJ, Lenell C, Ciucci MR, Connor NP. Changes in ultrasonic vocalizations after unilateral cerebral ischemia in a rat stroke model. Behav Brain Res 2023; 439:114252. [PMID: 36496078 PMCID: PMC9795729 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stroke frequently results in communication impairments that negatively impact quality of life and overall recovery, yet the biological mechanisms underlying these changes are not well understood. Ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) in rodent models of disease and aging have been used to improve our understanding of the biological mechanisms that underlie vocal deficits and their response to interventions. Changes in USVs after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in mice have been reported, yet rat models have significant anatomical and behavioral advantages over mice, including the ability to vocally train rats with an established paradigm. We sought to determine whether a unilateral MCAO rat stroke model provides a biologically and behaviorally relevant way to study post stroke vocalization deficits. We hypothesized that left MCAO would be associated with changes in USVs. Six weeks after MCAO or sham-control surgery, USVs were recorded in rats using an established mating paradigm. Stroke was associated with differences in USV acoustics including more frequent use of simple calls characterized by shorter durations and restricted bandwidths. These parameters were also found to correlate with post stroke lingual weakness. This is the first study to describe changes to rat USVs using a stroke model. These results suggest the unilateral MCAO rat stroke model is a biologically and behaviorally relevant model to understand how stroke affects vocal behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda J Cullins
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Surgery, United States.
| | - Charles Lenell
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Surgery, United States; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, United States
| | - Michelle R Ciucci
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Surgery, United States; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, United States
| | - Nadine P Connor
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Surgery, United States; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, United States
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How Well Do Rodent Models of Parkinson's Disease Recapitulate Early Non-Motor Phenotypes? A Systematic Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123026. [PMID: 36551782 PMCID: PMC9775565 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The prodromal phase of Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterised by many non-motor symptoms, and these have recently been posited to be predictive of later diagnosis. Genetic rodent models can develop non-motor phenotypes, providing tools to identify mechanisms underlying the early development of PD. However, it is not yet clear how reproducible non-motor phenotypes are amongst genetic PD rodent models, whether phenotypes are age-dependent, and the translatability of these phenotypes has yet to be explored. A systematic literature search was conducted on studies using genetic PD rodent models to investigate non-motor phenotypes; cognition, anxiety/depressive-like behaviour, gastrointestinal (GI) function, olfaction, circadian rhythm, cardiovascular and urinary function. In total, 51 genetic models of PD across 150 studies were identified. We found outcomes of most phenotypes were inconclusive due to inadequate studies, assessment at different ages, or variation in experimental and environmental factors. GI dysfunction was the most reproducible phenotype across all genetic rodent models. The mouse model harbouring mutant A53T, and the wild-type hα-syn overexpression (OE) model recapitulated the majority of phenotypes, albeit did not reliably produce concurrent motor deficits and nigral cell loss. Furthermore, animal models displayed different phenotypic profiles, reflecting the distinct genetic risk factors and heterogeneity of disease mechanisms. Currently, the inconsistent phenotypes within rodent models pose a challenge in the translatability and usefulness for further biomechanistic investigations. This review highlights opportunities to improve phenotype reproducibility with an emphasis on phenotypic assay choice and robust experimental design.
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Zhang C, Chen S, Li X, Xu Q, Lin Y, Lin F, Yuan M, Zi Y, Cai J. Progress in Parkinson's disease animal models of genetic defects: Characteristics and application. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113768. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Lechner SA, Welsch JM, Pahapill NK, Kaldenberg TAR, Regenbaum A, Kelm-Nelson CA. Predictors of prodromal Parkinson's disease in young adult Pink1-/- rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:867958. [PMID: 36172466 PMCID: PMC9510667 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.867958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive, degenerative disease that affects nearly 10 million people worldwide. Hallmark limb motor signs and dopamine depletion have been well studied; however, few studies evaluating early stage, prodromal biology exist. Pink1-/- rats, a rodent model of PD mitochondrial dysfunction, exhibit early stage behavioral deficits, including vocal communication and anxiety, that progress during mid-to-late adulthood (6-12 months of age). Yet, the biological pathways and mechanisms that lead to prodromal dysfunction are not well understood. This study investigated the Pink1-/- rat in young adulthood (2 months of age). Mixed sex groups of Pink1-/- rats and wildtype (WT) controls were assayed for limb motor, anxiety, and vocal motor behaviors. A customized NanoString CodeSet, based on genetic work in later adulthood, was used to probe for the up regulation of genes involved in disease pathways and inflammation within the brainstem and vocal fold muscle. In summary, the data show sex- and genotype-differences in limb motor, anxiety, and vocal motor behaviors. Specifically, female Pink1-/- rats demonstrate less anxiety-like behavior compared to male Pink1-/- rats and female rats show increased locomotor activity compared to male rats. Pink1-/- rats also demonstrate prodromal ultrasonic vocalization dysfunction across all acoustic parameters and sex differences were present for intensity (loudness) and peak frequency. These data demonstrate a difference in phenotype in the Pink1-/- model. Tuba1c transcript level was identified as a key marker negatively correlated to ultrasonic vocalization at 2 months of age. Identifying genes, such as Tuba1c, may help determine early predictors of PD pathology in the Pink1-/- rat and serve as targets for future drug therapy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Cynthia A. Kelm-Nelson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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Vazquez-Mayorga E, Grigoruta M, Dagda R, Martinez B, Dagda RK. Intraperitoneal Administration of Forskolin Reverses Motor Symptoms and Loss of Midbrain Dopamine Neurons in PINK1 Knockout Rats. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:831-850. [PMID: 34957950 PMCID: PMC9108570 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-213016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a relentless, chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of substantia nigra (SN) neurons that leads to the onset of motor and non-motor symptoms. Standard of care for PD consists of replenishing the loss of dopamine through oral administration of Levodopa; however, this treatment is not disease-modifying and often induces intolerable side effects. While the etiology that contributes to PD is largely unknown, emerging evidence in animal models suggests that a significant reduction in neuroprotective Protein Kinase A (PKA) signaling in the SN contributes to PD pathogenesis, suggesting that restoring PKA signaling in the midbrain may be a new anti-PD therapeutic alternative. Objective: We surmised that pharmacological activation of PKA via intraperitoneal administration of Forskolin exerts anti-PD effects in symptomatic PTEN-induced kinase 1 knockout (PINK1-KO), a bona fide in vivo model of PD. Methods: By using a beam balance and a grip strength analyzer, we show that Forskolin reverses motor symptoms and loss of hindlimb strength with long-lasting therapeutic effects (> 5 weeks) following the last dose. Results: In comparison, intraperitoneal treatment with Levodopa temporarily (24 h) reduces motor symptoms but unable to restore hindlimb strength in PINK1-KO rats. By using immunohistochemistry and an XF24e BioAnalyzer, Forskolin treatment reverses SN neurons loss, elevates brain energy production and restores PKA activity in SN in symptomatic PINK1-KO rats. Conclusion: Overall, our collective in vivo data suggest that Forskolin is a promising disease-modifying therapeutic alternative for PD and is superior to Levodopa because it confers long-lasting therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariana Grigoruta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juarez, Mexico
| | - Raul Dagda
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Bridget Martinez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Ruben K. Dagda
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
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Hoffmeister JD, Kelm-Nelson CA, Ciucci MR. Manipulation of vocal communication and anxiety through pharmacologic modulation of norepinephrine in the Pink1-/- rat model of Parkinson disease. Behav Brain Res 2022; 418:113642. [PMID: 34755639 PMCID: PMC8671235 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Vocal deficits and anxiety are common, co-occurring, and interacting signs of Parkinson Disease (PD) that have a devastating impact on quality of life. Both manifest early in the disease process. Unlike hallmark motor signs of PD, neither respond adequately to dopamine replacement therapies, suggesting that their disease-specific mechanisms are at least partially extra-dopaminergic. Because noradrenergic dysfunction is also a defining feature of PD, especially early in the disease progression, drug therapies targeting norepinephrine are being trialed for treatment of motor and non-motor impairments in PD. Research assessing the effects of noradrenergic manipulation on anxiety and vocal impairment in PD, however, is sparse. In this pre-clinical study, we quantified the influence of pharmacologic manipulation of norepinephrine on vocal impairment and anxiety in Pink1-/- rats, a translational model of PD that demonstrates both vocal deficits and anxiety. Ultrasonic vocalization acoustics, anxiety behavior, and limb motor activity were tested twice for each rat: after injection of saline and after one of three drugs. We hypothesized that norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (atomoxetine and reboxetine) and a β receptor antagonist (propranolol) would decrease vocal impairment and anxiety compared to saline, without affecting spontaneous motor activity. Our results demonstrated that atomoxetine and reboxetine decreased anxiety behavior. Atomoxetine also modulated ultrasonic vocalization acoustics, including an increase in vocal intensity, which is almost always reduced in animal models and patients with PD. Propranolol did not affect anxiety or vocalization. Drug condition did not influence spontaneous motor activity. These studies demonstrate relationships among vocal impairment, anxiety, and noradrenergic systems in the Pink1-/- rat model of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse D Hoffmeister
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1975 Willow Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792-7375, USA.
| | - Cynthia A Kelm-Nelson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792-7375, USA.
| | - Michelle R Ciucci
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1975 Willow Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792-7375, USA; Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 9531 WIMR II, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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13
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DeAngelo VM, Hilliard JD, McConnell GC. Dopaminergic but not cholinergic neurodegeneration is correlated with gait disturbances in PINK1 knockout rats. Behav Brain Res 2022; 417:113575. [PMID: 34534596 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by gait dysfunction in later stages of the disease. PD hallmarks include a decrease in stride length, run speed, and swing time; an increase in stride time, stance time, and base of support; dopaminergic degeneration in the basal ganglia; and cholinergic degeneration in the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN). A progressive animal model of PD is needed to identify treatments for gait dysfunction. The goal of this study was to quantify progressive gait degeneration in PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 knockout (P1KO) rats and investigate neurodegeneration as potential underlying mechanisms. Gait analysis was performed in male P1KO and wild-type rats at 5 and 8 months of age and immunohistochemical analysis at 8 months. Multiple parameters of volitional gait were measured using a runway system. P1KO rats exhibited significant gait deficits at 5 months, but not 8 months. Gait abnormalities improved over time suggesting compensation during behavioral testing. At 8 months a 15% loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the striatum, a 27% loss of TH-positive cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta, and no significant loss of choline acetyltransferase-positive cells in the PPN was found. Dopaminergic cell loss may contribute to gait deficits in the P1KO model, but not cholinergic cell loss. The P1KO rat with the greatest dopamine loss exhibited the most pronounced PD-like gait deficits, highlighting variability within the model. Further analysis is required to determine the suitability of the P1KO rat as a progressive model of gait abnormalities in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M DeAngelo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - J D Hilliard
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - G C McConnell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA.
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14
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Hoffmeister JD, Kelm-Nelson CA, Ciucci MR. Quantification of brainstem norepinephrine relative to vocal impairment and anxiety in the Pink1-/- rat model of Parkinson disease. Behav Brain Res 2021; 414:113514. [PMID: 34358571 PMCID: PMC8393386 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vocal communication impairment and anxiety are co-occurring and interacting signs of Parkinson Disease (PD) that are common, poorly understood, and under-treated. Both vocal communication and anxiety are influenced by the noradrenergic system. In light of this shared neural substrate and considering that noradrenergic dysfunction is a defining characteristic of PD, tandem investigation of vocal impairment and anxiety in PD relative to noradrenergic mechanisms is likely to yield insights into the underlying disease-specific causes of these impairments. In order to address this gap in knowledge, we assessed vocal impairment and anxiety behavior relative to brainstem noradrenergic markers in a genetic rat model of early-onset PD (Pink1-/-) and wild type controls (WT). We hypothesized that 1) brainstem noradrenergic markers would be disrupted in Pink1-/-, and 2) brainstem noradrenergic markers would be associated with vocal acoustic changes and anxiety level. Rats underwent testing of ultrasonic vocalization and anxiety (elevated plus maze) at 4, 8, and 12 months of age. At 12 months, brainstem norepinephrine markers were quantified with immunohistochemistry. Results demonstrated that vocal impairment and anxiety were increased in Pink1-/- rats, and increased anxiety was associated with greater vocal deficit in this model of PD. Further, brainstem noradrenergic markers including TH and α1 adrenoreceptor immunoreactivity in the locus coeruleus, and β1 adrenoreceptor immunoreactivity in vagal nuclei differed by genotype, and were associated with vocalization and anxiety behavior. These findings demonstrate statistically significant relationships among vocal impairment, anxiety, and brainstem norepinephrine in the Pink1-/- rat model of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse D Hoffmeister
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1975 Willow Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792-7375, USA.
| | - Cynthia A Kelm-Nelson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792-7375, USA.
| | - Michelle R Ciucci
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1975 Willow Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792-7375, USA; Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 9531 WIMR II, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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15
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Krasko MN, Hoffmeister JD, Schaen-Heacock NE, Welsch JM, Kelm-Nelson CA, Ciucci MR. Rat Models of Vocal Deficits in Parkinson's Disease. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11070925. [PMID: 34356159 PMCID: PMC8303338 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11070925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive, degenerative disorder that affects 10 million people worldwide. More than 90% of individuals with PD develop hypokinetic dysarthria, a motor speech disorder that impairs vocal communication and quality of life. Despite the prevalence of vocal deficits in this population, very little is known about the pathological mechanisms underlying this aspect of disease. As such, effective treatment options are limited. Rat models have provided unique insights into the disease-specific mechanisms of vocal deficits in PD. This review summarizes recent studies investigating vocal deficits in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), alpha-synuclein overexpression, DJ1-/-, and Pink1-/- rat models of PD. Model-specific changes to rat ultrasonic vocalization (USV), and the effects of exercise and pharmacologic interventions on USV production in these models are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryann N. Krasko
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (M.N.K.); (J.D.H.); (N.E.S.-H.); (J.M.W.); (C.A.K.-N.)
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jesse D. Hoffmeister
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (M.N.K.); (J.D.H.); (N.E.S.-H.); (J.M.W.); (C.A.K.-N.)
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Nicole E. Schaen-Heacock
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (M.N.K.); (J.D.H.); (N.E.S.-H.); (J.M.W.); (C.A.K.-N.)
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jacob M. Welsch
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (M.N.K.); (J.D.H.); (N.E.S.-H.); (J.M.W.); (C.A.K.-N.)
| | - Cynthia A. Kelm-Nelson
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (M.N.K.); (J.D.H.); (N.E.S.-H.); (J.M.W.); (C.A.K.-N.)
| | - Michelle R. Ciucci
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (M.N.K.); (J.D.H.); (N.E.S.-H.); (J.M.W.); (C.A.K.-N.)
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Correspondence:
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16
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Kelm-Nelson CA, Lechner SA, Lettenberger SE, Kaldenberg TAR, Pahapill NK, Regenbaum A, Ciucci MR. Pink1 -/- rats are a useful tool to study early Parkinson disease. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab077. [PMID: 33928251 PMCID: PMC8066864 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A Kelm-Nelson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Sarah A Lechner
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Samantha E Lettenberger
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Taylor A R Kaldenberg
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Natalie K Pahapill
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Amy Regenbaum
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Michelle R Ciucci
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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17
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Lenell C, Broadfoot CK, Schaen-Heacock NE, Ciucci MR. Biological and Acoustic Sex Differences in Rat Ultrasonic Vocalization. Brain Sci 2021; 11:459. [PMID: 33916537 PMCID: PMC8067311 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11040459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The rat model is a useful tool for understanding peripheral and central mechanisms of laryngeal biology. Rats produce ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) that have communicative intent and are altered by experimental conditions such as social environment, stress, diet, drugs, age, and neurological diseases, validating the rat model's utility for studying communication and related deficits. Sex differences are apparent in both the rat larynx and USV acoustics and are differentially affected by experimental conditions. Therefore, the purpose of this review paper is to highlight the known sex differences in rat USV production, acoustics, and laryngeal biology detailed in the literature across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Lenell
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (C.L.); (C.K.B.); (N.E.S.-H.)
- Communicative Sciences and Disorders, New York University, New York, NY 10001, USA
| | - Courtney K. Broadfoot
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (C.L.); (C.K.B.); (N.E.S.-H.)
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Nicole E. Schaen-Heacock
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (C.L.); (C.K.B.); (N.E.S.-H.)
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Michelle R. Ciucci
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (C.L.); (C.K.B.); (N.E.S.-H.)
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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18
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Ren X, Butterfield DA. Fidelity of the PINK1 knockout rat to oxidative stress and other characteristics of Parkinson disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 163:88-101. [PMID: 33321180 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative disease in the world, and PD significantly impacts the quality of life, especially as in general people are living longer. Because of the numerous and complex features of sporadic PD that progressively develops, it is difficult to build an ideal animal model for PD research. Genetically modified PD rodent animal models are considered as a major tool with which to study the mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for PD. Up to now, none of the rodent animal models displays all PD characteristics. The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research (MJFF) funded SAGE Laboratories to generate a PTEN-induced putative kinase-1 (PINK1) knockout (KO) rat model for familial PD using zinc finger nuclease (ZFN) technology. In the current paper, we review all papers from PubMed that report studies with PINK1 KO rats, presenting the research results, and discussing the fidelity of this rat model to PD according to its phenotypes studied by several laboratories. This review will serve as a critical reference for future studies with this rodent model, providing a better understanding of PD etiology, pathology, and potential treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.
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19
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Kelm-Nelson CA, Gammie S. Gene expression within the periaqueductal gray is linked to vocal behavior and early-onset parkinsonism in Pink1 knockout rats. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:625. [PMID: 32942992 PMCID: PMC7495669 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07037-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a degenerative disease with early-stage pathology hypothesized to manifest in brainstem regions. Vocal deficits, including soft, monotone speech, result in significant clinical and quality of life issues and are present in 90% of PD patients; yet the underlying pathology mediating these significant voice deficits is unknown. The Pink1−/− rat is a valid model of early-onset PD that presents with analogous vocal communication deficits. Previous work shows abnormal α-synuclein protein aggregation in the periaqueductal gray (PAG), a brain region critical and necessary to the modulation of mammalian vocal behavior. In this study, we used high-throughput RNA sequencing to examine gene expression within the PAG of both male and female Pink1−/− rats as compared to age-matched wildtype controls. We used a bioinformatic approach to (1) test the hypothesis that loss of Pink1 in the PAG will influence the differential expression of genes that interact with Pink1, (2) highlight other key genes that relate to this type of Mendelian PD, and (3) catalog molecular targets that may be important for the production of rat vocalizations. Results Knockout of the Pink1 gene resulted in differentially expressed genes for both male and female rats that also mapped to human PD datasets. Pathway analysis highlighted several significant metabolic pathways. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify gene nodes and their interactions in (A) males, (B) females, and (C) combined-sexes datasets. For each analysis, within the module containing the Pink1 gene, Pink1 itself was the central node with the highest number of interactions with other genes including solute carriers, glutamate metabotropic receptors, and genes associated with protein localization. Strong connections between Pink1 and Krt2 and Hfe were found in both males and female datasets. In females a number of modules were significantly correlated with vocalization traits. Conclusions Overall, this work supports the premise that gene expression changes in the PAG may contribute to the vocal deficits observed in this PD rat model. Additionally, this dataset identifies genes that represent new therapeutic targets for PD voice disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A Kelm-Nelson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 University Avenue, 483 Medical Sciences Center, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - Stephen Gammie
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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20
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Psychological distress and lack of PINK1 promote bioenergetics alterations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9820. [PMID: 32555260 PMCID: PMC7300038 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66745-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological distress induces oxidative stress and alters mitochondrial metabolism in the nervous and immune systems. Psychological distress promotes alterations in brain metabolism and neurochemistry in wild-type (WT) rats in a similar manner as in Parkinsonian rats lacking endogenous PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), a serine/threonine kinase mutated in a recessive forms of Parkinson’s disease. PINK1 has been extensively studied in the brain, but its physiological role in peripheral tissues and the extent to which it intersects with the neuroimmune axis is not clear. We surmised that PINK1 modulates the bioenergetics of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) under basal conditions or in situations that promote oxidative stress as psychological distress. By using an XF metabolic bioanalyzer, PINK1-KO-PBMCs showed significantly increased oxidative phosphorylation and basal glycolysis compared to WT cells and correlated with motor dysfunction. In addition, psychological distress enhanced the glycolytic capacity in PINK1-KO-PBMCs but not in WT-PBMCs. The level of antioxidant markers and brain-derived neurotrophic factor were altered in PINK1-KO-PBMCs and by psychological distress. In summary, our data suggest that PINK1 is critical for modulating the bioenergetics and antioxidant responses in PBMCs whereas lack of PINK1 upregulates compensatory glycolysis in response to oxidative stress induced by psychological distress.
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21
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Grigoruţă M, Martínez-Martínez A, Dagda RY, Dagda RK. Psychological Stress Phenocopies Brain Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Motor Deficits as Observed in a Parkinsonian Rat Model. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:1781-1798. [PMID: 31836946 PMCID: PMC7125028 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01838-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Psychological distress is a public health issue as it contributes to the development of human diseases including neuropathologies. Parkinson's disease (PD), a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is caused by multiple factors including aging, mitochondrial dysfunction, and/or stressors. In PD, a substantial loss of substantia nigra (SN) neurons leads to rigid tremors, bradykinesia, and chronic fatigue. Several studies have reported that the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is altered in PD patients, leading to an increase level of cortisol which contributes to neurodegeneration and oxidative stress. We hypothesized that chronic psychological distress induces PD-like symptoms and promotes neurodegeneration in wild-type (WT) rats and exacerbates PD pathology in PINK1 knockout (KO) rats, a well-validated animal model of PD. We measured the bioenergetics profile (oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis) in the brain by employing an XF24e Seahorse Extracellular Flux Analyzer in young rats subjected to predator-induced psychological distress. In addition, we analyzed anxiety-like behavior, motor function, expression of antioxidant enzymes, mitochondrial content, and neurotrophic factors brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the brain. Overall, we observed that psychological distress diminished up to 50% of mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) derived from both WT and PINK1-KO rats. Mechanistically, the level of antioxidant proteins, mitochondrial content, and BDNF was significantly altered. Finally, psychological distress robustly induced anxiety and Parkinsonian symptoms in WT rats and accelerated certain symptoms of PD in PINK1-KO rats. For the first time, our collective data suggest that psychological distress can phenocopy several aspects of PD neuropathology, disrupt brain energy production, as well as induce ataxia-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Grigoruţă
- Department of Pharmacology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo envolvente Pronaf y Estocolmo s/n, 32310, Ciudad Juarez, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo envolvente Pronaf y Estocolmo s/n, 32310, Ciudad Juarez, Mexico.
| | - Raul Y Dagda
- Department of Pharmacology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Ruben K Dagda
- Department of Pharmacology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
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