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Balasubramanian P, Kiss T, Gulej R, Nyul Toth A, Tarantini S, Yabluchanskiy A, Ungvari Z, Csiszar A. Accelerated Aging Induced by an Unhealthy High-Fat Diet: Initial Evidence for the Role of Nrf2 Deficiency and Impaired Stress Resilience in Cellular Senescence. Nutrients 2024; 16:952. [PMID: 38612986 PMCID: PMC11013792 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
High-fat diets (HFDs) have pervaded modern dietary habits, characterized by their excessive saturated fat content and low nutritional value. Epidemiological studies have compellingly linked HFD consumption to obesity and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Moreover, the synergistic interplay of HFD, obesity, and diabetes expedites the aging process and prematurely fosters age-related diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms driving these associations remain enigmatic. One of the most conspicuous hallmarks of aging is the accumulation of highly inflammatory senescent cells, with mounting evidence implicating increased cellular senescence in the pathogenesis of age-related diseases. Our hypothesis posits that HFD consumption amplifies senescence burden across multiple organs. To scrutinize this hypothesis, we subjected mice to a 6-month HFD regimen, assessing senescence biomarker expression in the liver, white adipose tissue, and the brain. Aging is intrinsically linked to impaired cellular stress resilience, driven by dysfunction in Nrf2-mediated cytoprotective pathways that safeguard cells against oxidative stress-induced senescence. To ascertain whether Nrf2-mediated pathways shield against senescence induction in response to HFD consumption, we explored senescence burden in a novel model of aging: Nrf2-deficient (Nrf2+/-) mice, emulating the aging phenotype. Our initial findings unveiled significant Nrf2 dysfunction in Nrf2+/- mice, mirroring aging-related alterations. HFD led to substantial obesity, hyperglycemia, and impaired insulin sensitivity in both Nrf2+/- and Nrf2+/+ mice. In control mice, HFD primarily heightened senescence burden in white adipose tissue, evidenced by increased Cdkn2a senescence biomarker expression. In Nrf2+/- mice, HFD elicited a significant surge in senescence burden across the liver, white adipose tissue, and the brain. We postulate that HFD-induced augmentation of senescence burden may be a pivotal contributor to accelerated organismal aging and the premature onset of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Balasubramanian
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration, and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Tamas Kiss
- Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Disorders Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, First Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rafal Gulej
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration, and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Adam Nyul Toth
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration, and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Disorders Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration, and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Disorders Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration, and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Disorders Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration, and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Disorders Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration, and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Disorders Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
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McFadden T, Carucci I, Farrell K, Fletchall E, Jarome TJ. Hypothalamic DNA 5-hydroxymethylation levels are altered by diet-induced weight gain during the development of obesity in a sex-specific manner. Brain Res 2023; 1817:148478. [PMID: 37422205 PMCID: PMC10529936 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major health concern that is associated with altered gene transcription in the hypothalamus. However, the mechanisms controlling this gene expression dysregulation remain largely unknown. DNA 5-hydroxymethylation (5-hmC) is a potent transcriptional activator that is expressed at 10 times higher levels in the brain than the periphery. Despite this, no study has examined if DNA 5-hmC is altered in the brain following exposure to obesogenic diets or contributes to abnormal weight gain over time. Here, we used a rodent diet-induced obesity model in combination with quantitative molecular assays and CRISPR-dCas9 manipulations to test the role of hypothalamic DNA 5-hmC in abnormal weight gain in male and female rats. We found that males, but not females, have decreased levels of DNA 5-hmC in the hypothalamus following exposure to a high fat diet, which directly correlate with increased body weight. Short-term exposure to a high fat diet, which does not result in significant weight gain, resulted in decreased hypothalamic DNA 5-hmC levels, suggesting these changes occur prior to obesity development. Moreover, decreases in DNA 5-hmC persist even after the high fat diet is removed, though the extent of this is diet-dependent. Importantly, CRISPR-dCas9-mediated upregulation of DNA 5-hmC enzymes in the male, but not female, ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus significantly reduced the percentage of weight gained on the high fat diet relative to controls. These results suggest that hypothalamic DNA 5-hmC is an important sex-specific regulator of abnormal weight gain following exposure to high fat diets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabella Carucci
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | | | - Timothy J Jarome
- School of Animal Sciences, USA; School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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Daniel JM, Lindsey SH, Mostany R, Schrader LA, Zsombok A. Cardiometabolic health, menopausal estrogen therapy and the brain: How effects of estrogens diverge in healthy and unhealthy preclinical models of aging. Front Neuroendocrinol 2023; 70:101068. [PMID: 37061205 PMCID: PMC10725785 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2023.101068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Research in preclinical models indicates that estrogens are neuroprotective and positively impact cognitive aging. However, clinical data are equivocal as to the benefits of menopausal estrogen therapy to the brain and cognition. Pre-existing cardiometabolic disease may modulate mechanisms by which estrogens act, potentially reducing or reversing protections they provide against cognitive decline. In the current review we propose mechanisms by which cardiometabolic disease may alter estrogen effects, including both alterations in actions directly on brain memory systems and actions on cardiometabolic systems, which in turn impact brain memory systems. Consideration of mechanisms by which estrogen administration can exert differential effects dependent upon health phenotype is consistent with the move towards precision or personalized medicine, which aims to determine which treatment interventions will work for which individuals. Understanding effects of estrogens in both healthy and unhealthy models of aging is critical to optimizing the translational link between preclinical and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill M Daniel
- Department of Psychology and Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States.
| | - Sarah H Lindsey
- Department of Pharmacology and Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Ricardo Mostany
- Department of Pharmacology and Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Laura A Schrader
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology and Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Andrea Zsombok
- Department of Physiology and Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
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McFadden T, Gaito N, Carucci I, Fletchall E, Farrell K, Jarome TJ. Controlling hypothalamic DNA methylation at the Pomc promoter does not regulate weight gain during the development of obesity. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284286. [PMID: 37036864 PMCID: PMC10085038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex medical condition that is linked to various health complications such as infertility, stroke, and osteoarthritis. Understanding the neurobiology of obesity is crucial for responding to the etiology of this disease. The hypothalamus coordinates many integral activities such as hormone regulation and feed intake and numerous studies have observed altered hypothalamic gene regulation in obesity models. Previously, it was reported that the promoter region of the satiety gene, Pomc, has increased DNA methylation in the hypothalamus following short-term exposure to a high fat diet, suggesting that epigenetic-mediated repression of hypothalamic Pomc might contribute to the development of obesity. However, due to technical limitations, this has never been directly tested. Here, we used the CRISPR-dCas9-TET1 and dCas9-DNMT3a systems to test the role of Pomc DNA methylation in the hypothalamus in abnormal weight gain following acute exposure to a high fat diet in male rats. We found that exposure to a high fat diet increases Pomc DNA methylation and reduces gene expression in the hypothalamus. Despite this, we found that CRISPR-dCas9-TET1-mediated demethylation of Pomc was not sufficient to prevent abnormal weight gain following exposure to a high fat diet. Furthermore, CRISPR-dCas9-DNMT3a-mediated methylation of Pomc did not alter weight gain following exposure to standard or high fat diets. Collectively, these results suggest that high fat diet induced changes in Pomc DNA methylation are a consequence of, but do not directly contribute to, abnormal weight gain during the development of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor McFadden
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Natasha Gaito
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Isabella Carucci
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Everett Fletchall
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Kayla Farrell
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Timothy J. Jarome
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
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McFadden T, Farrell K, Martin K, Musaus M, Jarome TJ. Short-term exposure to an obesogenic diet causes dynamic dysregulation of proteasome-mediated protein degradation in the hypothalamus of female rats. Nutr Neurosci 2023; 26:290-302. [PMID: 35282800 PMCID: PMC9468187 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2046965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous work has shown that exposure to a high fat diet dysregulates the protein degradation process in the hypothalamus of male rodents. However, whether this occurs in a sex-independent manner is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of a short-term obesogenic diet on the ubiquitin-proteasome mediated protein degradation process in the hypothalamus of female rats. METHODS We fed young adult female rats a high fat diet or standard rat chow for 7 weeks. At the end of the 7th week, animals were euthanized and hypothalamus nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions were collected. Proteasome activity and degradation-specific (K48) ubiquitin signaling were assessed. Additionally, we transfected female rats with CRISPR-dCas9-VP64 plasmids in the hypothalamus prior to exposure to the high fat diet in order to increase proteasome activity and determine the role of reduced proteasome function on weight gain from the obesogenic diet. RESULTS We found that across the diet period, females gained weight significantly faster on the high fat diet than controls and showed dynamic downregulation of proteasome activity, decreases in proteasome subunit expression and an accumulation of degradation-specific K48 polyubiquitinated proteins in the hypothalamus. Notably, while our CRISPR-dCas9 manipulation was able to selectively increase some forms of proteasome activity, it was unable to prevent diet-induced proteasome downregulation or abnormal weight gain. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results reveal that acute exposure to an obesogenic diet causes reductions in the protein degradation process in the hypothalamus of females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor McFadden
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Kayla Farrell
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Kiley Martin
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Madeline Musaus
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Timothy J. Jarome
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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Zhang Q, Jin K, Chen B, Liu R, Cheng S, Zhang Y, Lu J. Overnutrition Induced Cognitive Impairment: Insulin Resistance, Gut-Brain Axis, and Neuroinflammation. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:884579. [PMID: 35873818 PMCID: PMC9298971 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.884579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Overnutrition-related obesity has become a worldwide epidemic, and its prevalence is expected to steadily rise in the future. It is widely recognized that obesity exerts negative impacts on metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases. However, relatively fewer reports exist on the impairment of brain structure and function, in the form of memory and executive dysfunction, as well as neurogenerative diseases. Emerging evidence indicates that besides obesity, overnutrition diets independently induce cognitive impairments via multiple mechanisms. In this study, we reviewed the clinical and preclinical literature about the detrimental effects of obesity or high-nutrition diets on cognitive performance and cerebral structure. We mainly focused on the role of brain insulin resistance (IR), microbiota-gut-brain axis, and neuroinflammation. We concluded that before the onset of obesity, short-term exposure to high-nutrition diets already blunted central responses to insulin, altered gut microbiome composition, and activated inflammatory mediators. Overnutrition is linked with the changes in protein expression in brain insulin signaling, leading to pathological features in the brain. Microbiome alteration, bacterial endotoxin release, and gut barrier hyperpermeability also occur to trigger mental and neuronal diseases. In addition, obesity or high-nutrition diets cause chronic and low-grade systematic inflammation, which eventually spreads from the peripheral tissue to the central nervous system (CNS). Altogether, a large number of unknown but potential routes interact and contribute to obesity or diet-induced cognitive impairment. The challenge for future research is to identify effective interventions involving dietary shifts and personalized therapy targeting the underlying mechanisms to prevent and improve cognition deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kangyu Jin
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ripeng Liu
- First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shangping Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuyan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Parent MB, Higgs S, Cheke LG, Kanoski SE. Memory and eating: A bidirectional relationship implicated in obesity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 132:110-129. [PMID: 34813827 PMCID: PMC8816841 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews evidence demonstrating a bidirectional relationship between memory and eating in humans and rodents. In humans, amnesia is associated with impaired processing of hunger and satiety cues, disrupted memory of recent meals, and overconsumption. In healthy participants, meal-related memory limits subsequent ingestive behavior and obesity is associated with impaired memory and disturbances in the hippocampus. Evidence from rodents suggests that dorsal hippocampal neural activity contributes to the ability of meal-related memory to control future intake, that endocrine and neuropeptide systems act in the ventral hippocampus to provide cues regarding energy status and regulate learned aspects of eating, and that consumption of hypercaloric diets and obesity disrupt these processes. Collectively, this evidence indicates that diet-induced obesity may be caused and/or maintained, at least in part, by a vicious cycle wherein excess intake disrupts hippocampal functioning, which further increases intake. This perspective may advance our understanding of how the brain controls eating, the neural mechanisms that contribute to eating-related disorders, and identify how to treat diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marise B. Parent
- Neuroscience Institute & Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Box 5030, Atlanta, GA 30303-5030, United States,Corresponding author: Marise B. Parent, , Georgia State University, PO Box 5030, Atlanta, GA 30303-5030, USA. Fax: 404-413-5446
| | - Suzanne Higgs
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, BI5 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy G. Cheke
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB United Kingdom
| | - Scott E Kanoski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0371, United States
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Balasubramanian P, Kiss T, Tarantini S, Nyúl-Tóth Á, Ahire C, Yabluchanskiy A, Csipo T, Lipecz A, Tabak A, Institoris A, Csiszar A, Ungvari Z. Obesity-induced cognitive impairment in older adults: a microvascular perspective. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H740-H761. [PMID: 33337961 PMCID: PMC8091942 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00736.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over two-thirds of individuals aged 65 and older are obese or overweight in the United States. Epidemiological data show an association between the degree of adiposity and cognitive dysfunction in the elderly. In this review, the pathophysiological roles of microvascular mechanisms, including impaired endothelial function and neurovascular coupling responses, microvascular rarefaction, and blood-brain barrier disruption in the genesis of cognitive impairment in geriatric obesity are considered. The potential contribution of adipose-derived factors and fundamental cellular and molecular mechanisms of senescence to exacerbated obesity-induced cerebromicrovascular impairment and cognitive decline in aging are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Balasubramanian
- 1Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Tamas Kiss
- 1Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma,2International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, Departments of Medical Physics and Informatics & Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- 1Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma,3International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine, Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary,4Department of Health Promotion Sciences, the Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Ádám Nyúl-Tóth
- 1Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma,5International Training Program in Geroscience, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Chetan Ahire
- 1Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- 1Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Tamas Csipo
- 1Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma,3International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine, Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary,6International Training Program in Geroscience, Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Agnes Lipecz
- 1Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma,3International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine, Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adam Tabak
- 3International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine, Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary,7Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary,8Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Institoris
- 9Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anna Csiszar
- 1Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma,2International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, Departments of Medical Physics and Informatics & Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- 1Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma,2International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, Departments of Medical Physics and Informatics & Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary,3International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine, Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary,4Department of Health Promotion Sciences, the Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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