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Gong Z, Xue Q, Luo Y, Yu B, Hua B, Liu Z. The interplay between the microbiota and opioid in the treatment of neuropathic pain. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1390046. [PMID: 38919504 PMCID: PMC11197152 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1390046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is characterized by its complex and multifactorial nature and limited responses to opioid therapy; NP is associated with risks of drug resistance, addiction, difficulty in treatment cessation, and psychological disorders. Emerging research on gut microbiota and their metabolites has demonstrated their effectiveness in alleviating NP and augmenting opioid-based pain management, concurrently mitigating the adverse effects of opioids. This review addresses the following key points: (1) the current advances in gut microbiota research and the challenges in using opioids to treat NP, (2) the reciprocal effects and benefits of gut microbiota on NP, and (3) the interaction between opioids with gut microbiota, as well as the benefits of gut microbiota in opioid-based treatment of NP. Through various intricate mechanisms, gut microbiota influences the onset and progression of NP, ultimately enhancing the efficacy of opioids in the management of NP. These insights pave the way for further pragmatic clinical research, ultimately enhancing the efficacy of opioid-based pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexiong Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Health Science Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qingsheng Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Buwei Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, Health Science Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiheng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Health Science Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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2
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Mokhtari T, Lu M, El-Kenawy AEM. Potential anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects of luteolin in a chronic constriction injury rat model of neuropathic pain: Role of oxidative stress, neurotrophins, and inflammatory factors. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110520. [PMID: 37478667 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effects of luteolin (LUT) on chronic neuropathic pain (NP)-induced mood disorders (i.e., anxiety and depression) by regulating oxidative stress, neurotrophic factors (NFs), and neuroinflammation. Chronic constrictive injury (CCI) was used to induce NP in the animals. Animals in the treatment groups received LUT in three doses of 10, 25, and 50 mg/kg for 21 days. The severity of pain and mood disorders were examined. Finally, animals were sacrificed, and their brain tissue was used for molecular and histopathological studies. CCI led to cold allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. Mood alterations were proven in the CCI group, according to the behavioral tests. Levels of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl2), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were reduced in the hippocampus (HPC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Furthermore, the levels of MDA, Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), and inflammatory markers, including nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-18, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) significantly increased in the HPC and PFC following CCI induction. LUT treatment reversed the behavioral alterations via regulation of oxidative stress, neurotrophines, and inflammatory mediators in the HPC and PFC. Findings confirmed the potency of LUT in the improvement of chronic pain-induced anxiety- and depressive-like symptoms, probably through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties in the HPC and PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahmineh Mokhtari
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Lu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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Zheng QM, Zhou ZR, Hou XY, Lv N, Zhang YQ, Cao H. Transcriptome Analysis of the Mouse Medial Prefrontal Cortex in a Chronic Constriction Injury Model. Neuromolecular Med 2023; 25:375-387. [PMID: 36971954 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-023-08742-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is critical for both the sensory and emotional/cognitive components of pain. However, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we examined changes in the transcriptomic profiles in the mPFC of mice with chronic pain using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology. A mouse model of peripheral neuropathic pain was established via chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. CCI mice developed sustained mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, as well as cognitive impairment four weeks after surgery. RNA-seq was conducted 4 weeks after CCI surgery. Compared with contral group, RNA-seq identified a total 309 and 222 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the ipsilateral and contralateral mPFC of CCI model mice, respectively. GO analysis indicated that the functions of these genes were mainly enriched in immune- and inflammation-related processes such as interferon-gamma production and cytokine secretion. KEGG analysis further showed the enrichment of genes involved in the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction signaling pathway and Parkinson disease pathway that have been reported to be importantly involved in chronic neuralgia and cognitive dysfunction. Our study may provide insights into the possible mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain and pain-related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Min Zheng
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zi-Rui Zhou
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xin-Yu Hou
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ning Lv
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu-Qiu Zhang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Chen Y, Han Y, Liu L, Liu M, Lin J, Tang Y, Guo S, He R, Wu Q. N 6-Methyladenosine methylase METTL3 contributes to neuropathic pain by epigenetic silencing of mu opioid receptor. Behav Brain Res 2023; 452:114592. [PMID: 37482304 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
We aimed at exploring the role and mechanism of METTL3-mediated m6A modification in neuropathic pain. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: Sham operation group (Sham group), chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve model group (NPP group), intrathecal injection of virus down-regulated METTL3 + CCI model group (M3 + NPP group) and intrathecal injection of negative control virus + CCI model group (Scr + NPP group). The M3 + NPP group and the Scr + NPP group were intrathecally injected with virus nineteen days before operation. The paw withdrawal mechanical thresholds and paw withdrawal latency were respectively recorded one day before operation, three days, five days and seven days after operation. The rats were sacrificed on the seventh day after operation, and their spinal cord tissues were taken. The frozen sections of rats were performed to observe the expression of green fluorescent protein of the virus. The methylation level of RNA, the protein expression of m6A-related enzyme (METTL3) and mu opioid receptor (MOR) in spinal cord tissues of the four groups were measured. Downregulation of METTL3 had no effect on the overall methylation level of the spinal cord, but it could regulate the methylation level of the OPRM1 gene RNA encoding MOR, partially restore the expression of MOR, and relieve pain in rats. In the process of NPP, METTL3 may inhibit the expression of MOR by regulating the methylation level of OPRM1 gene RNA encoding MOR, and ultimately promote the occurrence and development of NPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Department of Anesthsiology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, China
| | - Yakun Han
- Department of Anesthsiology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Anesthsiology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, China
| | - Minqiang Liu
- Department of Anesthsiology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Central Sterile Supply Department, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Anesthsiology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, China
| | - Shanshan Guo
- Department of Anesthsiology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, China
| | - Renliang He
- Department of Anesthsiology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, China.
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Anesthsiology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518112, China.
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Millecamps M, Sotocinal SG, Austin JS, Stone LS, Mogil JS. Sex-specific effects of neuropathic pain on long-term pain behavior and mortality in mice. Pain 2023; 164:577-586. [PMID: 35916733 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Human epidemiological studies suggest that chronic pain can increase mortality risk. We investigated whether this was true in mice so that underlying mechanisms might be identified. At 10 weeks of age, C57BL/6 mice of both sexes received sham or spared nerve injury (SNI) surgery producing neuropathic pain. Mice were weighed monthly, tested behaviorally for mechanical and cold sensitivity and guarding behavior every 3 months postsurgery, and otherwise left undisturbed in their cages until death by natural causes. Evidence of pain over the lifespan displayed a strikingly sex-specific pattern. Male mice displayed largely stable mechanical and cold hypersensitivity and guarding at 6 to 30 months post-SNI. By contrast, female mice displayed a biphasic temporal pattern of mechanical hypersensitivity and guarding behavior, with a complete resolution of SNI-induced pain behavior at 6 to 9 months post-SNI followed by the return of pain thereafter. Mouse lifespan was not significantly altered by SNI in either sex nor was frailty as assessed by cage inspection in the last 6 months of life. However, in male mice with SNI, we observe a significant correlation between average lifetime mechanical hypersensitivity and lifespan, such that death occurred sooner in male mice exhibiting more evidence of chronic pain. This relationship was not observed in female SNI mice nor in sham-operated mice of either sex. This experiment is the first to investigate pain behavior over an entire adult lifetime and suggests that biology of relevance to human chronic pain is being ignored by the very short timespans of most extant preclinical pain research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Millecamps
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Susana G Sotocinal
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Laura S Stone
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Jeffrey S Mogil
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Departments of Psychology and Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Bosco F, Guarnieri L, Nucera S, Scicchitano M, Ruga S, Cardamone A, Maurotti S, Russo C, Coppoletta AR, Macrì R, Bava I, Scarano F, Castagna F, Serra M, Caminiti R, Maiuolo J, Oppedisano F, Ilari S, Lauro F, Giancotti L, Muscoli C, Carresi C, Palma E, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Mollace V. Pathophysiological Aspects of Muscle Atrophy and Osteopenia Induced by Chronic Constriction Injury (CCI) of the Sciatic Nerve in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043765. [PMID: 36835176 PMCID: PMC9962869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is a condition characterized by a loss of muscle mass and muscle strength caused by an imbalance between protein synthesis and protein degradation. Muscle atrophy is often associated with a loss of bone mass manifesting as osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate if chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve in rats can be a valid model to study muscle atrophy and consequent osteoporosis. Body weight and body composition were assessed weekly. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on day zero before ligation and day 28 before sacrifice. Catabolic markers were assessed via Western blot and Quantitative Real-time PCR. After the sacrifice, a morphological analysis of the gastrocnemius muscle and Micro-Computed Tomography (Micro-CT) on the tibia bone were performed. Rats that underwent CCI had a lower body weight increase on day 28 compared to the naive group of rats (p < 0.001). Increases in lean body mass and fat mass were also significantly lower in the CCI group (p < 0.001). The weight of skeletal muscles was found to be significantly lower in the ipsilateral hindlimb compared to that of contralateral muscles; furthermore, the cross-sectional area of muscle fibers decreased significantly in the ipsilateral gastrocnemius. The CCI of the sciatic nerve induced a statistically significant increase in autophagic and UPS (Ubiquitin Proteasome System) markers and a statistically significant increase in Pax-7 (Paired Box-7) expression. Micro-CT showed a statistically significant decrease in the bone parameters of the ipsilateral tibial bone. Chronic nerve constriction appeared to be a valid model for inducing the condition of muscle atrophy, also causing changes in bone microstructure and leading to osteoporosis. Therefore, sciatic nerve constriction could be a valid approach to study muscle-bone crosstalk and to identify new strategies to prevent osteosarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bosco
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Cardamone
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Samantha Maurotti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Grecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Russo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Grecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Irene Bava
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Scarano
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Fabio Castagna
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Serra
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Caminiti
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH) Center, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Oppedisano
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Sara Ilari
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Filomena Lauro
- Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Luigi Giancotti
- Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH) Center, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Zhang JL, Xian H, Zhao R, Luo C, Xie RG, Tian T, Cong R. Brachial plexus avulsion induced changes in gut microbiota promotes pain related anxiety-like behavior in mice. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1084494. [PMID: 36846129 PMCID: PMC9944865 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1084494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Brachial plexus avulsion (BPA) injury develops frequent and intense neuropathic pain, involving in both peripheral and central nervous systems. The incidence of anxiety or depression caused by BPA-induced neuropathic pain is high, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Methods We established a BPA mice model and assessed its negative emotions through behavioral tests. To further explore the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the unique emotional behavior after BPA, we performed intestinal fecal 16s and metabolomics assays. Psychobiotics (PB) supplementation was administered to BPA mice to check the probiotics effects on BPA-induced anxiety behaviors. Results Pain related anxiety-like behavior was observed at the early stage after BPA (7 days), while no depression-like behavior was detected. Intriguingly, gut microbiota diversity was increased in BPA mice, and the most abundant probiotics, Lactobacillus, showed obvious changes. Lactobacillus_reuteri was significantly decreased in BPA mice. Metabolomics analysis showed that Lactobacillus_reuteri-related bile acid pathway and some neurotransmitter amino acids were significantly altered. Further PB (dominated by Lactobacillus_reuteri) supplementation could significantly relieve BPA-induced anxiety-like behaviors in mice. Conclusion Our study suggests that pathological neuralgia after BPA could alter intestinal microbiota diversity, especially Lactobacillus, and the changes in neurotransmitter amino acid metabolites may be the key reason for the onset of anxiety-like behaviors in BPA mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-lei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hang Xian
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ceng Luo
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rou-gang Xie
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tong Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Cong
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China,*Correspondence: Rui Cong ✉
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Kong Y, Kuss M, Shi Y, Fang F, Xue W, Shi W, Liu Y, Zhang C, Zhong P, Duan B. Exercise facilitates regeneration after severe nerve transection and further modulates neural plasticity. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 26:100556. [PMID: 36405423 PMCID: PMC9673108 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with severe traumatic peripheral nerve injury (PNI) always suffer from incomplete recovery and poor functional outcome. Physical exercise-based rehabilitation, as a non-invasive interventional strategy, has been widely acknowledged to improve PNI recovery by promoting nerve regeneration and relieving pain. However, effects of exercise on chronic plastic changes following severe traumatic PNIs have been limitedly discussed. In this study, we created a long-gap sciatic nerve transection followed by autograft bridging in rats and tested the therapeutic functions of treadmill running with low intensity and late initiation. We demonstrated that treadmill running effectively facilitated nerve regeneration and prevented muscle atrophy and thus improved sensorimotor functions and walking performance. Furthermore, exercise could reduce inflammation at the injured nerve as well as prevent the overexpression of TRPV1, a pain sensor, in primary afferent sensory neurons. In the central nervous system, we found that PNI induced transcriptive changes at the ipsilateral lumber spinal dorsal horn, and exercise could reverse the differential expression for genes involved in the Notch signaling pathway. In addition, through neural imaging techniques, we found volumetric, microstructural, metabolite, and neuronal activity changes in supraspinal regions of interest (i.e., somatosensory cortex, motor cortex, hippocampus, etc.) after the PNI, some of which could be reversed through treadmill running. In summary, treadmill running with late initiation could promote recovery from long-gap nerve transection, and while it could reverse maladaptive plasticity after the PNI, exercise may also ameliorate comorbidities, such as chronic pain, mental depression, and anxiety in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfan Kong
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Mitchell Kuss
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Yu Shi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Fang Fang
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Wen Xue
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Wen Shi
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Yutong Liu
- Department of Radiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Peng Zhong
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Bin Duan
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
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Liu XG. Normalization of Neuroinflammation: A New Strategy for Treatment of Persistent Pain and Memory/Emotional Deficits in Chronic Pain. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:5201-5233. [PMID: 36110505 PMCID: PMC9469940 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s379093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain, which affects around 1/3 of the world population and is often comorbid with memory deficit and mood depression, is a leading source of suffering and disability. Studies in past decades have shown that hyperexcitability of primary sensory neurons resulting from abnormal expression of ion channels and central sensitization mediated pathological synaptic plasticity, such as long-term potentiation in spinal dorsal horn, underlie the persistent pain. The memory/emotional deficits are associated with impaired synaptic connectivity in hippocampus. Dysregulation of numerous endogenous proteins including receptors and intracellular signaling molecules is involved in the pathological processes. However, increasing knowledge contributes little to clinical treatment. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that the neuroinflammation, characterized by overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and glial activation, is reliably detected in humans and animals with chronic pain, and is sufficient to induce persistent pain and memory/emotional deficits. The abnormal expression of ion channels and pathological synaptic plasticity in spinal dorsal horn and in hippocampus are resulting from neuroinflammation. The neuroinflammation is initiated and maintained by the interactions of circulating monocytes, glial cells and neurons. Obviously, unlike infectious diseases and cancer, which are caused by pathogens or malignant cells, chronic pain is resulting from alterations of cells and molecules which have numerous physiological functions. Therefore, normalization (counterbalance) but not simple inhibition of the neuroinflammation is the right strategy for treating neuronal disorders. Currently, no such agent is available in clinic. While experimental studies have demonstrated that intracellular Mg2+ deficiency is a common feature of chronic pain in animal models and supplement Mg2+ are capable of normalizing the neuroinflammation, activation of upregulated proteins that promote recovery, such as translocator protein (18k Da) or liver X receptors, has a similar effect. In this article, relevant experimental and clinical evidence is reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Guo Liu
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Hu Y, Zhu Y, Wen X, Zeng F, Feng Y, Xu Z, Xu F, Wang J. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation regulates neuroinflammation, relieves hyperalgesia and reverses despair-like behaviour in chronic constriction injury rats. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:4930-4947. [PMID: 35895439 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) could effectively relieve the pain and depression in neuropathic pain (NP) patients. However, the specific treatment parameters and exact mechanism are still unclear. Our purpose is to observe the effects of rTMS on pain and despair-like behaviour in chronic constriction injury (CCI) rats and explore its possible mechanism. Thirty-two 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham operation group (S, n = 8), CCI group (n = 8), 1 Hz-rTMS group (n = 8) and 10 Hz-rTMS group (n = 8). The rTMS was applied to the left dorsal anterior agranular insular (AId) 1 week after the operation, once a day, 5 days/week for 4 consecutive weeks. Mechanical hyperalgesia, despair-like behaviours and sciatic nerve function were used to evaluate the effects of rTMS. Besides, glucose metabolism, the metabotropic glutamate receptors 5 (mGluR5), N-Methyl-D-Aspartic acid receptor type 2B (NMDAR2B), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (Ll-6) and interleukin-1β (Ll-1β) in AId were tested to explore the possible mechanism. Compared with 1 Hz-rTMS, the rats of 10 Hz-rTMS had higher the mechanical hyperalgesia, higher sugar preference and shorter swimming immobility time. Besides, the expressions of mGluR5, NMDAR2B, TNF-α, Ll-1β and Ll-6 both in 1 Hz-rTMS and 10 Hz-rTMS groups were reduced compared with the CCI group; the 10 Hz-rTMS group had a more decrease than that of 1 Hz-rTMS. Furthermore, the [18]F-FDG uptake was lower than that in the 1 Hz-rTMS group. Compared with 1 Hz-rTMS, 10 Hz-rTMS could more effectively relieve mechanical hyperalgesia and reverse despair-like behaviour in rats. The mechanism could be related to regulating mGluR5/NMDAR2B-related inflammatory signalling pathways in the AId.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuanliang Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fanshuo Zeng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yue Feng
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhangyu Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fangyuan Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianxiong Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China.,Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Function, Luzhou, China
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Foudah AI, Alqarni MH, Devi S, Singh A, Alam A, Alam P, Singh S. Analgesic Action of Catechin on Chronic Constriction Injury–Induced Neuropathic Pain in Sprague–Dawley Rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:895079. [PMID: 36034867 PMCID: PMC9403238 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.895079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic neuropathy is a common and debilitating problem that poses a significant challenge to health care worldwide. Natural compounds have received considerable attention as potential sources of new drugs for the treatment of neuropsychiatric pain. Catechin is a well-known novel flavonoid with several therapeutic properties, notably in neurodegenerative diseases. The current study is designed to investigate the role of catechin in neuroprotective activity in the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model. Apparently, healthy adult male Sprague–Dawley rats weighing 160–190 g (8 weeks old) were selected and grouped into the following: sham (distilled water), CCI group (CCI), standard [CCI + pregabalin (10 mg/kg, p.o.)], and test catechin [CCI + catechin (50 and 100 μg/kg p.o.)] for 28 days. Behavioral, thermal, and mechanical changes were evaluated. The results showed that mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were reduced in the catechin-treated group when compared with the CCI group. In addition, the relationship between the analgesic effect of catechin and the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-β was established. The results showed that catechin reversed the signs of neuropathic pain. It also decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-β in the rat brain. Therefore, the results suggested that catechin has promising potential in the treatment and management of neuropathic pain by decreasing the levels of NF-κβ–regulated inflammatory cytokines in the chronic constriction injury model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I. Foudah
- College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed H. Alqarni
- College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sushma Devi
- Guru Nanak Institute, Hema Majra Road, Mullana, Ambala, India
| | - Akanksha Singh
- Prin, K. M. Kundnani College of Pharmacy, Rambhau Salgaonkar Marg, Cuffe Parade, Mumbai, India
| | - Aftab Alam
- College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Aftab Alam, ,
| | - Pravej Alam
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sima Singh
- IES Institute of Pharmacy, IES University Campus, Kalkheda, Ratibad Main Road, Bhopal, India
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Hua D, Li S, Li S, Wang X, Wang Y, Xie Z, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Luo A. Gut Microbiome and Plasma Metabolome Signatures in Middle-Aged Mice With Cognitive Dysfunction Induced by Chronic Neuropathic Pain. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 14:806700. [PMID: 35058749 PMCID: PMC8763791 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.806700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic neuropathic pain (CNP) often complain about their terrible memory, especially the speed of information processing. Accumulating evidence suggests a possible link between gut microbiota and pain processing as well as cognitive function via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. This study aimed at exploring the fecal microbiome and plasma metabolite profiles in middle-aged spared nerve injury (SNI) mice model with cognitive dysfunction (CD) induced by CNP. The hierarchical cluster analysis of performance in the Morris water maze test was used to classify SNI mice with CD or without CD [i.e., non-CD (NCD)] phenotype. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed a lower diversity of gut bacteria in SNI mice, and the increase of Actinobacteria, Proteus, and Bifidobacterium might contribute to the cognitive impairment in the CNP condition. The plasma metabolome analysis showed that the endocannabinoid (eCB) system, disturbances of lipids, and amino acid metabolism might be the dominant signatures of CD mice. The fecal microbiota transplantation of the Sham (not CD) group improved allodynia and cognitive performance in pseudo-germ-free mice via normalizing the mRNA expression of eCB receptors, such as cn1r, cn2r, and htr1a, reflecting the effects of gut bacteria on metabolic activity. Collectively, the findings of this study suggest that the modulation of gut microbiota and eCB signaling may serve as therapeutic targets for cognitive deficits in patients with CNP.
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The Anxiolytic and Antidepressant Effects of Diallyl Disulfide and GYY4137 in Animals with Chronic Neuropathic Pain. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071074. [PMID: 34356307 PMCID: PMC8301074 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
When neuropathic pain is maintained long term, it can also lead to the development of emotional disorders that are even more intense than pain perception and difficult to treat. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donors relieve chronic pain, but their effects on the associated mood disorders are not completely elucidated. We evaluated if treatment with DADS (diallyl disulfide) or GYY4137 (morpholin-4-ium 4-methoxyphenyl(morpholino) phosphinodithioate dichloromethane complex), two slow-releasing H2S donors, inhibits the anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors that concur with chronic neuropathic pain generated by sciatic nerve injury in mice. The modulatory role of these drugs in the inflammatory, apoptotic, and oxidative processes implicated in the development of the affective disorders was assessed. Our results revealed the anxiolytic, antidepressant, and antinociceptive properties of DADS and GYY4137 during neuropathic pain by inhibiting microglial activation and the up-regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/phosphorylated protein kinase B and BAX in the amygdala (AMG) and/or periaqueductal gray matter (PAG). Both treatments also normalized and/or activated the endogenous antioxidant system, but only DADS blocked ERK 1/2 phosphorylation. Both H2S donors decreased allodynia and hyperalgesia in a dose-dependent manner by activating the Kv7 potassium channels and heme oxygenase 1 signaling pathways. This study provides evidence of the anxiolytic and antidepressant properties of DADS and GYY4137 during neuropathic pain and reveals their analgesic actions, suggesting that these therapeutic properties may result from the inhibition of the inflammatory, apoptotic, and oxidative responses in the AMG and/or PAG. These findings support the use of these treatments for the management of affective disorders accompanying chronic neuropathic pain.
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Pharmacological Blockade of PPARα Exacerbates Inflammatory Pain-Related Impairment of Spatial Memory in Rats. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060610. [PMID: 34072060 PMCID: PMC8227714 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-dependent transcription factors that exist in three isoforms: PPARα, PPARβ/δ and PPARγ. Studies suggest that the PPAR signalling system may modulate pain, anxiety and cognition. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether endogenous signalling via PPARs differentially modulates innate anxiety responses and mnemonic function in the presence and absence of inflammatory pain. We examined the effects of intraperitoneal administration of GW6471 (PPARα antagonist), GSK0660 (PPARβ/δ antagonist), GW9662 (PPARγ antagonist), and N-palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) on rat behaviour in the elevated plus maze (EPM), open field (OF), light-dark box (LDB), and novel object recognition (NOR) tests in the presence or absence of chronic inflammatory pain. Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA)-injected rats exhibited impaired recognition and spatial mnemonic performance in the NOR test and pharmacological blockade of PPARα further impaired spatial memory in CFA-treated rats. N-oleoylethanolamide (OEA) levels were higher in the dorsal hippocampus in CFA-injected animals compared to their counterparts. The results suggest a modulatory effect of CFA-induced chronic inflammatory pain on cognitive processing, but not on innate anxiety-related responses. Increased OEA-PPARα signalling may act as a compensatory mechanism to preserve spatial memory function following CFA injection.
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