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Abstract
Lectins are widely distributed proteins having ability of binding selectively and reversibly with carbohydrates moieties and glycoconjugates. Although lectins have been reported from different biological sources, the legume lectins are the best-characterized family of plant lectins. Legume lectins are a large family of homologous proteins with considerable similarity in amino acid sequence and their tertiary structures. Despite having strong sequence conservation, these lectins show remarkable variability in carbohydrate specificity and quaternary structures. The ability of legume lectins in recognizing glycans and glycoconjugates on cells and other intracellular structures make them a valuable research tool in glycomic research. Due to variability in binding with glycans, glycoconjugates and multiple biological functions, legume lectins are the subject of intense research for their diverse application in different fields such as glycobiology, biomedical research and crop improvement. The present review specially focuses on structural and functional characteristics of legume lectins along with their potential areas of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Katoch
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CSKHPKV, Palampur, 176 062 India
| | - Ankur Tripathi
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CSKHPKV, Palampur, 176 062 India
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2
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Barre A, Damme EJV, Simplicien M, Benoist H, Rougé P. Are Dietary Lectins Relevant Allergens in Plant Food Allergy? Foods 2020; 9:foods9121724. [PMID: 33255208 PMCID: PMC7760050 DOI: 10.3390/foods9121724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lectins or carbohydrate-binding proteins are widely distributed in seeds and vegetative parts of edible plant species. A few lectins from different fruits and vegetables have been identified as potential food allergens, including wheat agglutinin, hevein (Hev b 6.02) from the rubber tree and chitinases containing a hevein domain from different fruits and vegetables. However, other well-known lectins from legumes have been demonstrated to behave as potential food allergens taking into account their ability to specifically bind IgE from allergic patients, trigger the degranulation of sensitized basophils, and to elicit interleukin secretion in sensitized people. These allergens include members from the different families of higher plant lectins, including legume lectins, type II ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIP-II), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), jacalin-related lectins, GNA (Galanthus nivalis agglutinin)-like lectins, and Nictaba-related lectins. Most of these potentially active lectin allergens belong to the group of seed storage proteins (legume lectins), pathogenesis-related protein family PR-3 comprising hevein and class I, II, IV, V, VI, and VII chitinases containing a hevein domain, and type II ribosome-inactivating proteins containing a ricin B-chain domain (RIP-II). In the present review, we present an exhaustive survey of both the structural organization and structural features responsible for the allergenic potency of lectins, with special reference to lectins from dietary plant species/tissues consumed in Western countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annick Barre
- UMR 152 PharmaDev, Institut de Recherche et Développement, Université Paul Sabatier, Faculté de Pharmacie, 35 Chemin des Maraîchers, 31062 Toulouse, France; (A.B.); (M.S.); (H.B.)
| | - Els J.M. Van Damme
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Mathias Simplicien
- UMR 152 PharmaDev, Institut de Recherche et Développement, Université Paul Sabatier, Faculté de Pharmacie, 35 Chemin des Maraîchers, 31062 Toulouse, France; (A.B.); (M.S.); (H.B.)
| | - Hervé Benoist
- UMR 152 PharmaDev, Institut de Recherche et Développement, Université Paul Sabatier, Faculté de Pharmacie, 35 Chemin des Maraîchers, 31062 Toulouse, France; (A.B.); (M.S.); (H.B.)
| | - Pierre Rougé
- UMR 152 PharmaDev, Institut de Recherche et Développement, Université Paul Sabatier, Faculté de Pharmacie, 35 Chemin des Maraîchers, 31062 Toulouse, France; (A.B.); (M.S.); (H.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-069-552-0851
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Sierra-Gómez Y, Rodríguez-Hernández A, Cano-Sánchez P, Gómez-Velasco H, Hernández-Santoyo A, Siliqi D, Rodríguez-Romero A. A biophysical and structural study of two chitinases from Agave tequilana and their potential role as defense proteins. FEBS J 2019; 286:4778-4796. [PMID: 31291689 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant chitinases are enzymes that have several functions, including providing protection against pathogens. Agave tequilana is an economically important plant that is poorly studied. Here, we identified a chitinase from short reads of the A. tequilana transcriptome (AtChi1). A second chitinase, differing by only six residues from the first, was isolated from total RNA of plants infected with Fusarium oxysporum (AtChi2). Both enzymes were overexpressed in Escherichia coli and analysis of their sequences indicated that they belong to the class I glycoside hydrolase family19, whose members exhibit two domains: a carbohydrate-binding module and a catalytic domain, connected by a flexible linker. Activity assays and thermal shift experiments demonstrated that the recombinant Agave enzymes are highly thermostable acidic endochitinases with Tm values of 75 °C and 71 °C. Both exhibit a molecular mass close to 32 kDa, as determined by MALDI-TOF, and experimental pIs of 3.7 and 3.9. Coupling small-angle x-ray scattering information with homology modeling and docking simulations allowed us to structurally characterize both chitinases, which notably show different interactions in the binding groove. Even when the six different amino acids are all exposed to solvent in the loops located near the linker and opposite to the binding site, they confer distinct kinetic parameters against colloidal chitin and similar affinity for (GlnNAc)6, as shown by isothermal titration calorimetry. Interestingly, binding is more enthalpy-driven for AtChi2. Whereas the physiological role of these chitinases remains unknown, we demonstrate that they exhibit important antifungal activity against chitin-rich fungi such as Aspergillus sp. DATABASE: SAXS structural data are available in the SASBDB database with accession numbers SASDDE7 and SASDDA6. ENZYMES: Chitinases (EC3.2.1.14).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusvel Sierra-Gómez
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Patricia Cano-Sánchez
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Homero Gómez-Velasco
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Dritan Siliqi
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
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4
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Chitinases as Food Allergens. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24112087. [PMID: 31159327 PMCID: PMC6600546 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Food allergies originate from adverse immune reactions to some food components. Ingestion of food allergens can cause effects of varying severity, from mild itching to severe anaphylaxis reactions. Currently there are no clues to predict the allergenic potency of a molecule, nor are cures for food allergies available. Cutting-edge research on allergens is aimed at increasing information on their diffusion and understanding structure-allergenicity relationships. In this context, purified recombinant allergens are valuable tools for advances in the diagnostic and immunotherapeutic fields. Chitinases are a group of allergens often found in plant fruits, but also identified in edible insects. They are classified into different families and classes for which structural analyses and identification of epitopes have been only partially carried out. Moreover, also their presence in common allergen databases is not complete. In this review we provide a summary of the identified food allergenic chitinases, their main structural characteristics, and a clear division in the different classes.
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Slavokhotova AA, Shelenkov AA, Andreev YA, Odintsova TI. Hevein-Like Antimicrobial Peptides of Plants. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018. [PMID: 29523064 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917130065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Plant antimicrobial peptides represent one of the evolutionarily oldest innate immunity components providing the first line of host defense to pathogen attacks. This review is dedicated to a small, currently actively studied family of hevein-like peptides that can be found in various monocot and dicot plants. The review thoroughly describes all known peptides belonging to this family including data on their structures, functions, and antimicrobial activity. The main features allowing to assign these peptides to a separate family are given, and the specific characteristics of each peptide are described. Further, the mode of action for hevein-like peptides, their role in plant immune system, and the applications of these molecules in biotechnology and medicine are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Slavokhotova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
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6
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Dong X, Zhao Y, Ran X, Guo L, Zhao DG. Overexpression of a New Chitinase Gene EuCHIT2 Enhances Resistance to Erysiphe cichoracearum DC in Tobacco Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2361. [PMID: 29112167 PMCID: PMC5713330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we cloned a new chitinase gene, EuCHIT2, from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver (E. ulmoides) using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technology and constructed an overexpression vector, pSH-35S-EuCHIT2, to introduce it into tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi). Resistance to Erysiphe cichoracearum de Candolle (E.cichoracearum DC) and molecular mechanisms in the transgenic tobacco were determined by drop inoculation, spore counting, determination of physicochemical indicators, and analysis of gene expression. The chitinase activity and resistance to E. cichoracearum DC were significantly higher in the transgenic tobacco than in wild-type tobacco (p < 0.05). The activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), after inoculation with E. cichoracearum DC, were higher in the transgenic tobacco than in the wild-type. Conversely, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was significantly lower in the transgenic tobacco than the wild-type before and after inoculation. In addition, our study also indicated that the resistance to E. cichoracearum DC might involve the salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) pathways, because the expression levels of pathogenesis-related gene 1 (PR-1a) and coronatine-insensitive 1 (COI1) were significantly increased and decreased, respectively, after inoculation with E. cichoracearum DC. The present study supports the notion that PR-1a and POD participate in resistance to E. cichoracearum DC in the transgenic tobacco plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering and College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Yichen Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering and College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
- The School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Xin Ran
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering and College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Linxia Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering and College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - De-Gang Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering and College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
- Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Science, Guiyang 550025, China.
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Landim PGC, Correia TO, Silva FD, Nepomuceno DR, Costa HP, Pereira HM, Lobo MD, Moreno FB, Brandão-Neto J, Medeiros SC, Vasconcelos IM, Oliveira JT, Sousa BL, Barroso-Neto IL, Freire VN, Carvalho CP, Monteiro-Moreira AC, Grangeiro TB. Production in Pichia pastoris, antifungal activity and crystal structure of a class I chitinase from cowpea (Vigna unguiculata): Insights into sugar binding mode and hydrolytic action. Biochimie 2017; 135:89-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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8
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Highlights on Hevea brasiliensis (pro)hevein proteins. Biochimie 2016; 127:258-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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9
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Berthelot K, Lecomte S, Coulary-Salin B, Bentaleb A, Peruch F. Hevea brasiliensis prohevein possesses a conserved C-terminal domain with amyloid-like properties in vitro. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1864:388-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wong KH, Tan WL, Serra A, Xiao T, Sze SK, Yang D, Tam JP. Ginkgotides: Proline-Rich Hevein-Like Peptides from Gymnosperm Ginkgo biloba. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1639. [PMID: 27857717 PMCID: PMC5093130 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Hevein and hevein-like peptides belong to the family of chitin-binding cysteine-rich peptides. They are classified into three subfamilies, the prototypic 8C- and the 6C- and 10C-hevein-like peptides. Thus far, only five 8C-hevein-like peptides have been characterized from three angiosperms and none from gymnosperm. To determine their occurrence and distribution in the gymnosperm, Ginkgo biloba leaves were examined. Here, we report the discovery and characterization of 11 novel 8C-hevein-like peptides, namely ginkgotides gB1-gB11. Proteomic analysis showed that the ginkgotides contain 41-44 amino acids (aa), a chitin-binding domain and are Pro-rich, a distinguishing feature that differs from other hevein-like peptides. Solution NMR structure determination revealed that gB5 contains a three β-stranded structure shaped by a cystine knot with an additional disulfide bond at the C-terminus. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the ginkgotide precursors contain a three-domain architecture, comprised of a C-terminal tail (20 aa) that is significantly shorter than those of other 8C- and 10C-hevein-like peptides, which generally contain a protein cargo such as a Barwin-like protein (126 aa) or class I chitinase (254 aa). Transcriptomic data mining found an additional 48 ginkgotide homologs in 39 different gymnosperms. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that ginkgotides and their homologs belong to a new class of 8C-hevein-like peptides. Stability studies showed that ginkgotides are highly resistant to thermal, acidic and endopeptidase degradation. Ginkgotides flanked at both the N- and C-terminal ends by Pro were resistant to exopeptidase degradation by carboxypeptidase A and aminopeptidase. Antifungal assays showed that ginkgotides inhibit the hyphal growth of phyto-pathogenic fungi. Taken together, ginkgotides represent the first suite of hevein-like peptides isolated and characterized from gymnosperms. As a group, they represent a novel class of 8C-hevein-like peptides that are Pro-rich and protein-cargo free. Our findings also suggest that the ginkgotide scaffold could be useful for engineering metabolic-stable peptide therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka H. Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Liang Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore, Singapore
| | - Aida Serra
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore, Singapore
| | - Tianshu Xiao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore, Singapore
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore, Singapore
| | - Daiwen Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore
| | - James P. Tam
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: James P. Tam,
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11
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Impact of the vulcanization process on the structural characteristics and IgE recognition of two allergens, Hev b 2 and Hev b 6.02, extracted from latex surgical gloves. Mol Immunol 2015; 65:250-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Blanco N, Sanz AB, Rodríguez-Peña JM, Nombela C, Farkaš V, Hurtado-Guerrero R, Arroyo J. Structural and functional analysis of yeast Crh1 and Crh2 transglycosylases. FEBS J 2015; 282:715-31. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Blanco
- Departamento de Microbiología II; Facultad de Farmacia; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; IRYCIS; Spain
| | - Ana B. Sanz
- Departamento de Microbiología II; Facultad de Farmacia; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; IRYCIS; Spain
| | - Jose M. Rodríguez-Peña
- Departamento de Microbiología II; Facultad de Farmacia; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; IRYCIS; Spain
| | - César Nombela
- Departamento de Microbiología II; Facultad de Farmacia; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; IRYCIS; Spain
| | - Vladimír Farkaš
- Department of Glycobiology; Center for Glycomics, Institute of Chemistry; Center for Glycomics; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Ramón Hurtado-Guerrero
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI); University of Zaragoza; BIFI-IQFR (CSIC) Joint Unit; Spain
- Fundacion ARAID; Zaragoza Spain
| | - Javier Arroyo
- Departamento de Microbiología II; Facultad de Farmacia; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; IRYCIS; Spain
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Martínez-Caballero S, Cano-Sánchez P, Mares-Mejía I, Díaz-Sánchez AG, Macías-Rubalcava ML, Hermoso JA, Rodríguez-Romero A. Comparative study of two GH19 chitinase-like proteins fromHevea brasiliensis, one exhibiting a novel carbohydrate-binding domain. FEBS J 2014; 281:4535-54. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia Cano-Sánchez
- Instituto de Química; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Ciudad Universitaria México
| | - Israel Mares-Mejía
- Instituto de Química; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Ciudad Universitaria México
| | - Angel G. Díaz-Sánchez
- Instituto de Química; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Ciudad Universitaria México
| | | | - Juan A. Hermoso
- Departamento de Cristalografía y Biología Estructural; Instituto de Química-Física ‘Rocasolano’; CSIC Madrid Spain
| | - Adela Rodríguez-Romero
- Instituto de Química; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Ciudad Universitaria México
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Volpicella M, Leoni C, Fanizza I, Placido A, Pastorello EA, Ceci LR. Overview of plant chitinases identified as food allergens. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:5734-5742. [PMID: 24841122 DOI: 10.1021/jf5007962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Food allergies are induced by proteins belonging to a limited number of families. Unfortunately, relationships between protein structure and capacity to induce the immune response have not been completely clarified yet, which precludes possible improvements in the diagnosis, prevention, and therapy of allergies. Plant chitinases constitute a good example of food allergenic proteins for which structural analysis of allergenicity has only been carried out partially. In plants, there are at least five structural classes of chitinases plus a number of chitinase-related polypeptides. Their allergenicity has been mostly investigated for chitinases of class I, due to both their higher prevalence among plant chitinases and by the high structural similarity between their substrate-binding domain and hevein, a well-known allergen present in the latex of rubber trees. Even if allergenic molecules have been identified for at least three other classes of plant chitinases, the involvement of the different structural motifs in the allergenicity of molecules has been disregarded so far. In this review, we provide a structurally based catalog of plant chitinases investigated for allergenicity, which could be a useful base for further studies aimed at better clarifying the structure-allergenicity relationships for this protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariateresa Volpicella
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari , Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
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15
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Dall'antonia F, Pavkov-Keller T, Zangger K, Keller W. Structure of allergens and structure based epitope predictions. Methods 2014; 66:3-21. [PMID: 23891546 PMCID: PMC3969231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure determination of major allergens is a prerequisite for analyzing surface exposed areas of the allergen and for mapping conformational epitopes. These may be determined by experimental methods including crystallographic and NMR-based approaches or predicted by computational methods. In this review we summarize the existing structural information on allergens and their classification in protein fold families. The currently available allergen-antibody complexes are described and the experimentally obtained epitopes compared. Furthermore we discuss established methods for linear and conformational epitope mapping, putting special emphasis on a recently developed approach, which uses the structural similarity of proteins in combination with the experimental cross-reactivity data for epitope prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Dall'antonia
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tea Pavkov-Keller
- ACIB (Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology), Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Austria
| | - Klaus Zangger
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Walter Keller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Austria.
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16
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Current overview of allergens of plant pathogenesis related protein families. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:543195. [PMID: 24696647 PMCID: PMC3947804 DOI: 10.1155/2014/543195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenesis related (PR) proteins are one of the major sources of plant derived allergens. These proteins are induced by the plants as a defense response system in stress conditions like microbial and insect infections, wounding, exposure to harsh chemicals, and atmospheric conditions. However, some plant tissues that are more exposed to environmental conditions like UV irradiation and insect or fungal attacks express these proteins constitutively. These proteins are mostly resistant to proteases and most of them show considerable stability at low pH. Many of these plant pathogenesis related proteins are found to act as food allergens, latex allergens, and pollen allergens. Proteins having similar amino acid sequences among the members of PR proteins may be responsible for cross-reactivity among allergens from diverse plants. This review analyzes the different pathogenesis related protein families that have been reported as allergens. Proteins of these families have been characterized in regard to their biological functions, amino acid sequence, and cross-reactivity. The three-dimensional structures of some of these allergens have also been evaluated to elucidate the antigenic determinants of these molecules and to explain the cross-reactivity among the various allergens.
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Ballmer-Weber BK, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K. Update: molekulare Diagnose der Gemüse- und Fruchtallergie. ALLERGO JOURNAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s15007-014-0468-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Rodríguez-Romero A, Hernández-Santoyo A, Fuentes-Silva D, Palomares LA, Muñoz-Cruz S, Yépez-Mulia L, Orozco-Martínez S. Structural analysis of the endogenous glycoallergen Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis and its recognition by human basophils. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA. SECTION D, BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 2014; 70:329-41. [PMID: 24531467 PMCID: PMC3940204 DOI: 10.1107/s1399004713027673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous glycosylated Hev b 2 (endo-β-1,3-glucanase) from Hevea brasiliensis is an important latex allergen that is recognized by IgE antibodies from patients who suffer from latex allergy. The carbohydrate moieties of Hev b 2 constitute a potentially important IgE-binding epitope that could be responsible for its cross-reactivity. Here, the structure of the endogenous isoform II of Hev b 2 that exhibits three post-translational modifications, including an N-terminal pyroglutamate and two glycosylation sites at Asn27 and at Asn314, is reported from two crystal polymorphs. These modifications form a patch on the surface of the molecule that is proposed to be one of the binding sites for IgE. A structure is also proposed for the most important N-glycan present in this protein as determined by digestion with specific enzymes. To analyze the role of the carbohydrate moieties in IgE antibody binding and in human basophil activation, the glycoallergen was enzymatically deglycosylated and evaluated. Time-lapse automated video microscopy of basophils stimulated with glycosylated Hev b 2 revealed basophil activation and degranulation. Immunological studies suggested that carbohydrates on Hev b 2 represent an allergenic IgE epitope. In addition, a dimer was found in each asymmetric unit that may reflect a regulatory mechanism of this plant defence protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Rodríguez-Romero
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, CU, 04310 Coyoacán, DF, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Hernández-Santoyo
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, CU, 04310 Coyoacán, DF, Mexico
| | - Deyanira Fuentes-Silva
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, CU, 04310 Coyoacán, DF, Mexico
| | - Laura A. Palomares
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 510-3, 62250 Cuernavaca, MOR, Mexico
| | - Samira Muñoz-Cruz
- UMAE–Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Avenida Cuauhtémoc 330, Colonia Doctores, Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - Lilian Yépez-Mulia
- UMAE–Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Avenida Cuauhtémoc 330, Colonia Doctores, Mexico, DF, Mexico
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Medicinal Applications of Plant Lectins. ANTITUMOR POTENTIAL AND OTHER EMERGING MEDICINAL PROPERTIES OF NATURAL COMPOUNDS 2012. [PMCID: PMC7120034 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6214-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Plant lectins are a unique group of proteins and glycoproteins with potent biological activity and have received widespread attention for many years. They can be found in wheat, corn, tomatoes, peanuts, kidney beans, bananas, peas, lentils, soybeans, mushrooms, tubers, seeds, mistletoe and potatoes among many others. Due to their ability to bind reversibly with specific carbohydrate structures and their abundant availability, plant lectins have commonly been used as a molecular tool in various disciplines of biology and medicine. Whilst once thought of being a dietary toxin, the focus on plant lectins has since shifted to understanding the useful properties of these lectins and utilizing them in medicinal applications to advance human health. This chapter reviews the current and potential applications of plant lectins in various areas of medically related research.
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Porto WF, Souza VA, Nolasco DO, Franco OL. In silico identification of novel hevein-like peptide precursors. Peptides 2012; 38:127-36. [PMID: 22981805 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Lectins are proteins with ability to bind reversibly and non-enzymatically to a specific carbohydrate. They are involved in numerous biological processes and show enormous biotechnological potential. Among plant lectins, the hevein domain is extremely common, being observed in several kinds of lectins. Moreover, this domain is also observed in an important class of antimicrobial peptides named hevein-like peptides. Due to higher cysteine residues conservation, hevein-like peptides could be mined among the sequence databases. By using the pattern CX(4,5)CC[GS]X(2)GXCGX[GST]X(2,3)[FWY]C[GS]X[AGS] novel hevein-like peptide precursors were found from three different plants: Oryza sativa, Vitis vinifera and Selaginella moellendorffii. In addition, an hevein-like peptide precursor from the phytopathogenic fungus Phaeosphaeria nodorum was also identified. The molecular models indicate that they have the same scaffold as others, composed of an antiparallel β-sheet and short helices. Nonetheless, the fungal hevein-like peptide probably has a different disulfide bond pattern. Despite this difference, the complexes between peptide and N,N,N-triacetylglucosamine are stable, according to molecular dynamics simulations. This is the first report of an hevein-like peptide from an organism outside the plant kingdom. The exact role of an hevein-like peptide in the fungal biology must be clarified, while in plants they are clearly involved in plant defense. In summary, data here reported clear shows that an in silico strategy could lead to the identification of novel hevein-like peptides that could be used as biotechnological tools in the fields of health and agribusiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- William F Porto
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brazil
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Lu HC, Lin JH, Chua ACN, Chung TY, Tsai IC, Tzen JTC, Chou WM. Cloning and expression of pathogenesis-related protein 4 from jelly fig (Ficus awkeotsang Makino) achenes associated with ribonuclease, chitinase and anti-fungal activities. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2012; 56:1-13. [PMID: 22579939 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A cDNA fragment (FaPR4) encoding a class I pathogenesis-related protein 4 (PR-4) from Ficus awkeotsang was obtained by PCR cloning. Plant PR-4s were grouped into class I and II, differing by the presence of ChtBD and hinge. The predicted mature FaPR4 comprises N-terminal chitin-binding domain (ChtBD), hinge, Barwin domain and C-terminal extension. FaPR4-C, an N-terminal truncated form of FaPR4, was designed to mimic the structural feature of class II PR-4s. FaPR4 and FaPR4-C were over-expressed in yeast Pichia pastoris, and both recombinants exhibited RNase and anti-fungal activities. To our knowledge, it is the first report that FaPR4, a member of class I PR-4s has RNase activity as class II. FaPR4 possesses better anti-fungal activities toward Fusarium oxysporum and Sclerotium rolfsii than FaPR4-C. Heat-treated FaPR4 remained RNase and anti-fungal activities; while heat-treated FaPR4-C lost those activities. Therefore, ChtBD of FaPR4 may not only contribute to its anti-fungal but also improve the thermal stability of protein. It also implied the correlation of RNase activity with anti-fungal activity of FaPR4-C. Furthermore, FaPR4 was detected to have weak but significant chitinase activity, and its chitinase activity was reduced after heat treatment. The chitinase activity by FaPR4-C was much lower than FaPR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Chi Lu
- Department of Food Science, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan, ROC
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Radauer C, Adhami F, Fürtler I, Wagner S, Allwardt D, Scala E, Ebner C, Hafner C, Hemmer W, Mari A, Breiteneder H. Latex-allergic patients sensitized to the major allergen hevein and hevein-like domains of class I chitinases show no increased frequency of latex-associated plant food allergy. Mol Immunol 2010; 48:600-9. [PMID: 21095007 PMCID: PMC3025318 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2010.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Allergies to certain fruits such as banana, avocado, chestnut and kiwi are described in 30–70% of latex-allergic patients. This association is attributed to the cross-reactivity between the major latex allergen hevein and hevein-like domains (HLDs) from fruit class I chitinases. We aimed to assess the extent of cross-reactivity between hevein and HLDs using sera from latex-allergic patients with and without plant food allergy. Hevein and HLDs of latex, banana, and avocado chitinases were expressed in Escherichia coli as fusion proteins with the maltose-binding protein and purified by affinity chromatography. IgE binding to these proteins was studied in sera from 59 latex-allergic patients and 20 banana-allergic patients without latex allergy by ELISA and ELISA inhibition. Additionally, 16,408 allergic patients’ sera were tested for IgE binding to hevein, latex chitinase, and wheat germ agglutinin using an allergen microarray. Hevein-specific IgE was detected in 34/59 (58%) latex-allergic patients’ sera. HLDs of latex, banana, and avocado chitinases were recognized by 21 (36%), 20 (34%), and 9 (15%) sera, respectively. In contrast, only one of 20 banana-allergic patients without latex allergy was sensitized to chitinase HLDs. In most tested latex-allergic patients’ sera, IgE binding to hevein was only partially reduced by preincubation with HLDs. Among hevein-sensitized, latex-allergic patients, the percentage of plant food allergy (15/34 = 44%) was equal to latex-allergic patients without hevein sensitization (11/25 = 44%). In the general allergic population, 230 of 16,408 sera (1.4%) reacted to hevein and/or a hevein-like allergen. Of these, 128 sera showed an isolated sensitization to hevein, whereas only 17 bound to latex chitinase or wheat germ agglutinin without hevein sensitization. In conclusion, the IgE response to HLDs is elicited by hevein as sensitizing allergen in most cases. Despite considerable cross-reactivity between these allergens, no correlation between latex-associated plant food allergy and sensitization to hevein or HLDs was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Radauer
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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23
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Hernández-Gay JJ, Ardá A, Eller S, Mezzato S, Leeflang BR, Unverzagt C, Cañada FJ, Jiménez-Barbero J. Insights into the Dynamics and Molecular Recognition Features of Glycopeptides by Protein Receptors: The 3D Solution Structure of Hevein Bound to the Trisaccharide Core of N-Glycoproteins. Chemistry 2010; 16:10715-26. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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François KO, Balzarini J. Potential of carbohydrate-binding agents as therapeutics against enveloped viruses. Med Res Rev 2010; 32:349-87. [PMID: 20577974 PMCID: PMC7168447 DOI: 10.1002/med.20216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Twenty‐seven years after the discovery of HIV as the cause of AIDS more than 25 drugs directed against four different viral targets (i.e. reverse transcriptase, protease, integrase, envelope gp41) and one cellular target (i.e. CCR5 co‐receptor) are available for treatment. However, the search for an efficient vaccine is still ongoing. One of the main problems is the presence of a continuously evolving dense carbohydrate shield, consisting of N‐linked glycans that surrounds the virion and protects it against efficient recognition and persistent neutralization by the immune system. However, several lectins from the innate immune system specifically bind to these glycans in an attempt to process the virus antigens to provoke an immune response. Across a wide variety of different species in nature lectins can be found that can interact with the glycosylated envelope of HIV‐1 and can block the infection of susceptible cells by the virus. In this review, we will give an overview of the lectins from non‐mammalian origin that are endowed with antiviral properties and discuss the complex interactions between lectins of the innate immune system and HIV‐1. Also, attention will be given to different carbohydrate‐related modalities that can be exploited for antiviral chemotherapy. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev
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Affiliation(s)
- K O François
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, K. U. Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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25
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Kezuka Y, Kojima M, Mizuno R, Suzuki K, Watanabe T, Nonaka T. Structure of full-length class I chitinase from rice revealed by X-ray crystallography and small-angle X-ray scattering. Proteins 2010; 78:2295-305. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.22742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Pedraza-Escalona M, Becerril-Luján B, Agundis C, Domínguez-Ramírez L, Pereyra A, Riaño-Umbarila L, Rodríguez-Romero A. Analysis of B-cell epitopes from the allergen Hev b 6.02 revealed by using blocking antibodies. Mol Immunol 2008; 46:668-76. [PMID: 18930549 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2008.08.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2008] [Accepted: 08/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hev b 6.02 (hevein), identified as a major allergen from natural rubber latex (NRL), is involved in the latex-fruit syndrome and also acts as a pathogenesis defense-related protein. Its 3D structure has been solved at high resolution, and its linear epitopes have already been reported. However, information about conformational epitopes is still controversial, even though it is relevant for an accurate diagnosis and treatment, as well as for the study of allergen-antibody molecular interactions. We sought to analyze the B-cell epitopes of Hev b 6.02 at a molecular and structural level, using specific recombinant antibodies. We obtained a murine monoclonal antibody (mAb 6E7) and three human single chain fragments (scFvs A6, H8, and G7) anti-Hev b 6.02 that were able to compete for hevein binding with serum IgEs from latex allergic patients. In vitro assays showed that the mAb 6E7 and scFv H8 recognized the area of Hev b 6.02 where the aromatic residues are exposed; while the scFv G7 defined the amino and carboxy-terminal regions that lie close to each other, as a different epitope. The structural modeling of the Hev b 6.02-scFv H8 and Hev b 6.02-scFv G7 complexes revealed the putative regions of two conformational epitopes. In one of these, the aromatic residues, as well as polar side chains are important for the interaction, suggesting that they are part of a dominant conformational epitope also presented on the Hev b 6.02-IgE interactions. Antibodies recognizing this important allergen have potential to be used to diagnose and ultimately treat latex allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Pedraza-Escalona
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, México, D.F. 04510, Mexico
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28
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Manikandan K, Pal D, Ramakumar S, Brener NE, Iyengar SS, Seetharaman G. Functionally important segments in proteins dissected using Gene Ontology and geometric clustering of peptide fragments. Genome Biol 2008; 9:R52. [PMID: 18331637 PMCID: PMC2397504 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2008-9-3-r52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2007] [Revised: 02/24/2008] [Accepted: 03/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A geometric clustering algorithm has been developed to dissect protein fragments based on their relevance to function. We have developed a geometric clustering algorithm using backbone φ,ψ angles to group conformationally similar peptide fragments of any length. By labeling each fragment in the cluster with the level-specific Gene Ontology 'molecular function' term of its protein, we are able to compute statistics for molecular function-propensity and p-value of individual fragments in the cluster. Clustering-cum-statistical analysis for peptide fragments 8 residues in length and with only trans peptide bonds shows that molecular function propensities ≥20 and p-values ≤0.05 can dissect fragments within a protein linked to the molecular function.
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29
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Cunningham MD. Neonatal latex allergy. J Perinatol 2007; 27:533-4. [PMID: 17724453 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jp.7211795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Fuentes-Silva D, Mendoza-Hernández G, Stojanoff V, Palomares LA, Zenteno E, Torres-Larios A, Rodríguez-Romero A. Crystallization and identification of the glycosylated moieties of two isoforms of the main allergen Hev b 2 and preliminary X-ray analysis of two polymorphs of isoform II. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2007; 63:787-91. [PMID: 17768356 PMCID: PMC2376315 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309107039838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2007] [Accepted: 08/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Latex from Hevea brasiliensis contains several allergenic proteins that are involved in type I allergy. One of them is Hev b 2, which is a beta-1,3-glucanase enzyme that exists in different isoforms with variable glycosylation content. Two glucanase isoforms were isolated from trees of the GV-42 clone by gel filtration, affinity and ion-exchange chromatography. Isoform I had a carbohydrate content of about 20%, with N-linked N-acetyl-glucosamine, N-acetyl-galactosamine, fucose and galactose residues as the main sugars, while isoform II showed 6% carbohydrate content consisting of N-acetyl-glucosamine, fucose, mannose and xylose. Both isoforms were crystallized by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. Isoform I crystals were grown using 0.2 M trisodium citrate dihydrate, 0.1 M Na HEPES pH 7.5 and 20%(v/v) 2-propanol, but these crystals were not appropriate for data collection. Isoform II crystals were obtained under two conditions and X-ray diffraction data were collected from both. In the first condition (0.2 M trisodium citrate, 0.1 M sodium cacodylate pH 6.5, 30% 2-propanol), crystals belonging to the tetragonal space group P4(1) with unit-cell parameters a = b = 150.17, c = 77.41 A were obtained. In the second condition [0.2 M ammonium acetate, 0.1 M trisodium citrate dihydrate pH 5.6, 30%(w/v) polyethylene glycol 4000] the isoform II crystals belonged to the monoclinic space group P2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 85.08, b = 89.67, c = 101.80 A, beta = 113.6 degrees. Preliminary analysis suggests that there are four molecules of isoform II in both asymmetric units.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Fuentes-Silva
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Cuidad Universitaria, Coyoacán, México, DF 04510, Mexico
| | - G. Mendoza-Hernández
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Cuidad Universitaria, Coyoacán, México, DF 04510, Mexico
| | - V. Stojanoff
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, National Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY, USA
| | - L. A. Palomares
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Cuidad Universitaria, Coyoacán, México, DF 04510, Mexico
| | - E. Zenteno
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Cuidad Universitaria, Coyoacán, México, DF 04510, Mexico
| | - A. Torres-Larios
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Cuidad Universitaria, Coyoacán, México, DF 04510, Mexico
| | - A. Rodríguez-Romero
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Cuidad Universitaria, Coyoacán, México, DF 04510, Mexico
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Chávez MI, Andreu C, Vidal P, Aboitiz N, Freire F, Groves P, Asensio JL, Asensio G, Muraki M, Cañada FJ, Jiménez-Barbero J. On the importance of carbohydrate-aromatic interactions for the molecular recognition of oligosaccharides by proteins: NMR studies of the structure and binding affinity of AcAMP2-like peptides with non-natural naphthyl and fluoroaromatic residues. Chemistry 2006; 11:7060-74. [PMID: 16220560 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The specific interaction of a variety of modified hevein domains to chitooligosaccharides has been studied by NMR spectroscopy in order to assess the importance of aromatic-carbohydrate interactions for the molecular recognition of neutral sugars. These mutant AcAMP2-like peptides, which have 4-fluoro-phenylalanine, tryptophan, or 2-naphthylalanine at the key interacting positions, have been prepared by solid-phase synthesis. Their three-dimensional structures, when bound to the chitin-derived trisaccharide, have been deduced by NMR spectroscopy. By using DYANA and restrained molecular dynamics simulations with the AMBER 5.0 force field, the three-dimensional structures of the protein-sugar complexes have been obtained. The thermodynamic analysis of the interactions that occur upon complex formation have also been carried out. Regarding binding affinity, the obtained data have permitted the deduction that the larger the aromatic group, the higher the association constant and the binding enthalpy. In all cases, entropy opposes binding. In contrast, deactivation of the aromatic rings by attaching fluorine atoms decreases the binding affinity, with a concomitant decrease in enthalpy. The role of the chemical nature of the aromatic ring for establishing sugar contacts has been thus evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Isabel Chávez
- Department of Protein Structure and Function, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Reyes-López CA, Pedraza-Escalona M, Mendoza G, Hernández-Santoyo A, Rodríguez-Romero A. A single amino acid substitution on the surface of a natural hevein isoform (Hev b 6.0202), confers different IgE recognition. FEBS Lett 2006; 580:2483-7. [PMID: 16638575 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.03.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2006] [Revised: 03/23/2006] [Accepted: 03/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Decreased immune reactivity of isoforms of major allergens has been reported. However, such claims have always been based on experiments with recombinant proteins. This work describes the molecular and physicochemical characterization of a hevein (Hev b 6.0201) natural isoform (Hev b 6.0202), which is present in rubber latex from Hevea brasiliensis. The isoallergen has a single substitution Asn14Asp, which gives rise to local differences in the surface potential, as observed from the crystal structure presented here. Besides, ELISA inhibition using serum pools of adult and pediatric patients showed reduced IgE-binding capacity ( approximately 27%) with the isoallergen. Overall, these results are relevant to delineate crucial residues involved in this dominant discontinuous epitope.
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Affiliation(s)
- César A Reyes-López
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional, Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Cd. Universitaria, México, D.F. 04510, Mexico
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Rolland JM, Drew AC, O'Hehir RE. Advances in development of hypoallergenic latex immunotherapy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2006; 5:544-51. [PMID: 16264336 DOI: 10.1097/01.all.0000191236.35879.f2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The characterization of clinically relevant latex allergens and the production of recombinant allergens is now well advanced, but this knowledge needs to be translated into new strategies for the safe and effective specific treatment of latex allergic diseases including asthma and anaphylaxis. RECENT FINDINGS The current status of latex allergy is discussed indicating a changing demographic paradigm. A new wave of latex allergy is emerging outside the healthcare setting with the widespread use of latex products. An increased prevalence in developing countries is also reported. Limited studies on current specific immunotherapy for latex allergy are reviewed, confirming the feasibility but demonstrating an unacceptable risk of adverse events. The characterization of latex allergens and the identification of B and T-cell epitopes point to rational strategies for the generation of hypoallergenic preparations for specific immunotherapy. Results to date for latex allergens are reviewed, including recombinant, chemical modification and synthetic peptide approaches. Candidate hypoallergenic preparations for targeting sensitization to the major allergens Hev b 1, Hev b 3, Hev b 5 and Hev b 6.01 have been identified. Further investigations of optimal regimens for the delivery of specific immunotherapy to induce regulatory T-cell function are warranted. SUMMARY The findings point to the selection of suitable hypoallergenic preparations for clinical trials of effective and safe latex allergy immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Rolland
- Cooperative Research Centre for Asthma, Sydney, New South Wales, and Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Jiménez-Barbero J, Javier Cañada F, Asensio JL, Aboitiz N, Vidal P, Canales A, Groves P, Gabius HJ, Siebert HC. Hevein Domains: An Attractive Model to Study Carbohydrate–Protein Interactions at Atomic Resolution. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2006; 60:303-54. [PMID: 16750446 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2318(06)60007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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35
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Kamal N, Chowdhury S, Madan T, Sharma D, Attreyi M, Haq W, Katti SB, Kumar A, Sarma PU. Tryptophan residue is essential for immunoreactivity of a diagnostically relevant peptide epitope of A. fumigatus. Mol Cell Biochem 2005; 275:223-31. [PMID: 16335802 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-005-2056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The role of tryptophan (Trp17) in immunoreactivity of P1, the diagnostically relevant peptide from a major allergen/antigen of Aspergillus fumigatus, was evaluated by chemically modifying tryptophanyl residue of P1. In BIAcore kinetic studies, unmodified P1 showed a 100-fold higher binding with ABPA (Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis) patients' IgG [KD (equilibrium dissociation constant) = 2.74 e(-8) +/- 0.13 M] than the controls' IgG (KD = 2.97 e(-6) +/- 0.14 M), whereas chemically-modified P1 showed similar binding [KD patients' IgG = 3.25 e(-7) +/- 0.16 M, KD controls' IgG = 3.86 e(-7) +/- 0.19 M] indicating loss of specific immunoreactivity of P1 on tryptophan modification. Modified P1 showed loss of specific binding to IgE and IgG antibodies of ABPA patients in ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay). The study infers that tryptophan residue (Trp17) is essential for immunoreactivity of P1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neel Kamal
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, India
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Aboitiz N, Vila-Perelló M, Groves P, Asensio JL, Andreu D, Cañada FJ, Jiménez-Barbero J. NMR and modeling studies of protein-carbohydrate interactions: synthesis, three-dimensional structure, and recognition properties of a minimum hevein domain with binding affinity for chitooligosaccharides. Chembiochem 2005; 5:1245-55. [PMID: 15368576 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200400025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
HEV32, a 32-residue, truncated hevein lacking eleven C-terminal amino acids, was synthesized by solid-phase methodology and correctly folded with three cysteine bridge pairs. The affinities of HEV32 for small chitin fragments--in the forms of N,N',N"-triacetylchitotriose ((GlcNAc)3) (millimolar) and N,N',N",N"',N"",N""'-hexaacetylchitohexaose ((GlcNAc)6) (micromolar)--as measured by NMR and fluorescence methods, are comparable with those of native hevein. The HEV32 ligand-binding process is enthalpy driven, while entropy opposes binding. The NMR structure of ligand-bound HEV32 in aqueous solution was determined to be highly similar to the NMR structure of ligand-bound hevein. Solvated molecular-dynamics simulations were performed in order to monitor the changes in side-chain conformation of the binding site of HEV32 and hevein upon interaction with ligands. The calculations suggest that the Trp21 side-chain orientation of HEV32 in the free form differs from that in the bound state; this agrees with fluorescence and thermodynamic data. HEV32 provides a simple molecular model for studying protein-carbohydrate interactions and for understanding the physiological relevance of small native hevein domains lacking C-terminal residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Aboitiz
- Department of Protein Structure and Function, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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