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Wohner N, Sebastian S, Muczynski V, Huskens D, de Laat B, de Groot PG, Lenting PJ. Osteoprotegerin modulates platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor during release from endothelial cells. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:755-766. [PMID: 34816579 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet-binding Von Willebrand Factor (VWF) strings assemble upon stimulated secretion from endothelial cells. OBJECTIVES To investigate the efficiency of platelet binding to multi-molecular VWF bundles secreted from endothelial cells and to investigate the role of osteoprotegerin, a protein located in Weibel-Palade bodies that interacts with the VWF platelet binding domain. METHODS The nanobody VWF/AU-a11 that specifically binds to VWF in its active platelet-binding conformation was used to investigate the conformation of VWF. RESULTS Upon stimulated secretion from endothelial cells, VWF strings were only partially covered with platelets, while a VWD-type 2B mutation or ristocetin enhanced platelet binding by 2-3-fold. Osteoprotegrin, reduces platelet adhesion to VWF by 40% ± 18% in perfusion assays. siRNA-mediated down-regulation of endothelial osteoprotegerin expression resulted in a 1.8-fold increase in platelet adhesion to VWF strings. Upon viral infection, there is a concordant rise in VWF and osteoprotegerin plasma levels. Unexpectedly, no such increase was observed in plasma of desmopressin-treated hemophilia A-patients. In a mouse model, osteoprotegerin expression was low in liver endothelial cells of vehicle-treated mice, and concanavalin A-treatment increased VWF and osteoprotegerin expression 4- and 40-fold, respectively. This increase was translated in a 30-fold increased osteoprotegerin/VWF ratio in plasma. CONCLUSIONS Release of VWF from endothelial cells opens the platelet-binding site, irrespective of the presence of flow. However, not all available platelet-binding sites are being occupied, suggesting some extent of regulation. Part of this regulation involves endothelial proteins that are co-secreted with VWF, like osteoprotegerin. This regulatory mechanism may be of more relevance under inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolett Wohner
- Laboratory for Hemostasis, Inflammation & Thrombosis, Unité Mixed de Recherche 1176, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Silvie Sebastian
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, Utrecht Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Muczynski
- Laboratory for Hemostasis, Inflammation & Thrombosis, Unité Mixed de Recherche 1176, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Dana Huskens
- Synapse Research Institute, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Laat
- Synapse Research Institute, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CARIM, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Philip G de Groot
- Laboratory for Hemostasis, Inflammation & Thrombosis, Unité Mixed de Recherche 1176, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Synapse Research Institute, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Lenting
- Laboratory for Hemostasis, Inflammation & Thrombosis, Unité Mixed de Recherche 1176, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Palled V, Rao J, Singh RD, Tripathi S, Singh K, Radav R, Verma U, Chand P. Assessment of the Healing of Dental Implant Surgical Site Following Low-Level Laser Therapy Using Bioclinical Parameters: An Exploratory Study. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2021; 47:230-235. [PMID: 32662840 DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-18-00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether low-level laser therapy improves healing of the implant surgical site with clinical and biochemical parameters. Thirty patients with an edentulous space spanning a single tooth were selected. The patients were randomly allocated to 1 of 2 groups: control group and test group. The test group received laser energy at a power of 2 J/cm2 with a total of 4-6 J energy over each implant. Clinical parameters (implant stability quotient, probing index, modified sulcus bleeding index) and osteoprotegerin were assessed at baseline and follow-up intervals (2 weeks, 6 weeks, and 3 months). The test group showed significantly higher implant stability quotient than the control group at 2 weeks (57.93 ± 3.95 vs 35.67 ± 3.08; P < . 01) and 3 months (58.86 ± 3.75 vs 67.06 ± 3.78; P < . 01). A significant rise in osteoprotegerin levels of the test group (686.30 ± 125.36 pg/mL at baseline and 784.25 ± 108.30 pg/mL at 3 months; P < . 01) was seen contrary to significant decline in the control group (839.50 ± 249.08 pg/mL at baseline vs 415.30 ± 78.39 pg/mL at 3 months; P < . 01). Within the limitations of the study, the findings suggest that the healing of peri-implant hard and soft tissues may be enhanced with the use of low-level laser therapy as an explicit modality during the postoperative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Palled
- Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, JN Medical College Campus, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Jitendra Rao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Raghuwar Dayal Singh
- Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shuchi Tripathi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kalpani Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh Radav
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Umesh Verma
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Role of Osteoprotegerin as Novel Marker in Urinary Stone Formers: A Pilot Study. Nephrourol Mon 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/numonthly.112974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Urinary tract calculus formation can be prevented by identifying molecules and metabolic disturbances that affect this process. Osteoprotegerin (OPG), a cytokine of the TNF receptor superfamily, has been demonstrated to mediate vascular calcification and intimal calcification. Endothelial injury and oxidative stress are known to play a role in urolithiasis in the form of Randall’s plaques. Objectives: The present study aimed to compare 24-h urinary and serum OPG levels of patients with and without urolithiasis. Methods: In this case-control study, 24-h urinary levels of OPG (pg/mL), serum levels of OPG (pg/mL), and creatinine (mg/dL) were measured in both groups. Urinary and serum levels of OPG were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using human OPG kits. Results: Mean serum creatinine was 0.86 ± 0.21 mg/dL in the case group and 0.77± 0.16 mg/dL in controls. The difference in the mean serum OPG levels between the cases (227.13 ± 98.02 pg/mL) and controls (47.28 ± 29.61 pg/mL) was highly significant (P value < 0.0001). The difference in the mean 24-h urinary OPG levels between the cases (156.12 ± 174.31 pg/mL) and controls (9.32 ± 23.72 pg/mL) was highly significant (P value < 0.001). Conclusions: There were significantly higher levels of OPG in serum and 24-h urine samples of cases than in controls. Hence, it requires further large studies to make OPG a diagnostic and prognostic marker.
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Kobayashi-Sakamoto M, Maeda T, Yusa J, Kato Y, Kiyoura Y. RANK-RANKL signaling upregulates Il-10 mRNA expression in mucosal Candida infection in vivo. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104285. [PMID: 32585292 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) prevents binding of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) to RANK. Recent studies have reported that immune cell RANK-RANKL interactions are critical to the infection process. Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogenic fungus and a common cause of candidiasis. This study utilized an orally inoculated mouse model of C. albicans infection to determine whether superficial or systemic candidiasis was associated with alterations in RANK/RANKL/OPG expression. Invasive systemic C. albicans infection increased serum OPG levels in mice. In addition, tongue Opg, Rankl, and Rank mRNA expression were upregulated in mice with superficial oral cavity C. albicans infection. Moreover, administration of exogenous soluble RANKL upregulated Rank and interleukin-10 (Il-10) mRNA in superficially infected tissue, suggesting suppression of localized inflammation. Taken together, these findings suggested that RANK/RANKL/OPG signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of candidiasis. This is the first in vivo study to identify a relationship between this opportunistic infection and the RANK/RANKL/OPG axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiyo Kobayashi-Sakamoto
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Ohu University School of Dentistry, Koriyama, Fukushima, 963-8611, Japan.
| | - Toyonobu Maeda
- Department of Oral Function and Molecular Biology, Ohu University School of Dentistry, Japan
| | - Junko Yusa
- Department of Oral of Pathology, Ohu University School of Dentistry, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Kato
- Department of Oral Function and Molecular Biology, Ohu University School of Dentistry, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kiyoura
- Department of Oral Medical Science, Ohu University School of Dentistry, Japan
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Rochette L, Meloux A, Rigal E, Zeller M, Malka G, Cottin Y, Vergely C. The Role of Osteoprotegerin in Vascular Calcification and Bone Metabolism: The Basis for Developing New Therapeutics. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 105:239-251. [PMID: 31197415 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00573-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are both important causes of mortality and morbidity in aging patients. There are common mechanisms underlying the regulation of bone remodeling and the development of smooth muscle calcification; a temporal relationship exists between osteoporosis and the imbalance of mineral metabolism in the vessels. Vascular calcification appears regulated by mechanisms that include both inductive and inhibitory processes. Multiple factors are implicated in both bone and vascular metabolism. Among these factors, the superfamily of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors including osteoprotegerin (OPG) and its ligands has been established. OPG is a soluble decoy receptor for receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL) and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). OPG binds to RANKL and TRAIL, and inhibits the association with their receptors, which have been labeled as the receptor activator of NF-kB (RANK). Sustained release of OPG from vascular endothelial cells (ECs) has been demonstrated in response to inflammatory proteins and cytokines, suggesting that OPG/RANKL/RANK system plays a modulatory role in vascular injury and inflammation. For the development of potential therapeutic strategies targeting vascular calcification, critical consideration of the implications for bone metabolism must be taken into account to prevent potentially detrimental effects to bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Rochette
- Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460): Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Université de Bourgogne - Franche Comté, Faculté des Sciences de Santé, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France.
| | - Alexandre Meloux
- Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460): Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Université de Bourgogne - Franche Comté, Faculté des Sciences de Santé, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Eve Rigal
- Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460): Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Université de Bourgogne - Franche Comté, Faculté des Sciences de Santé, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Marianne Zeller
- Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460): Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Université de Bourgogne - Franche Comté, Faculté des Sciences de Santé, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Gabriel Malka
- Institut de formation en Biotechnologie et Ingénierie Biomédicale (IFR2B), Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique, 43 150, Ben-Guerir, Morocco
| | - Yves Cottin
- Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460): Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Université de Bourgogne - Franche Comté, Faculté des Sciences de Santé, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France
- Service de Cardiologie-CHU-Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Catherine Vergely
- Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460): Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Université de Bourgogne - Franche Comté, Faculté des Sciences de Santé, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France
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The Role of Osteoprotegerin and Its Ligands in Vascular Function. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030705. [PMID: 30736365 PMCID: PMC6387017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The superfamily of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors includes osteoprotegerin (OPG) and its ligands, which are receptor activators of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). The OPG/RANKL/RANK system plays an active role in pathological angiogenesis and inflammation as well as cell survival. It has been demonstrated that there is crosstalk between endothelial cells and osteoblasts during osteogenesis, thus establishing a connection between angiogenesis and osteogenesis. This OPG/RANKL/RANK/TRAIL system acts on specific cell surface receptors, which are then able to transmit their signals to other intracellular components and modify gene expression. Cytokine production and activation of their receptors induce mechanisms to recruit monocytes and neutrophils as well as endothelial cells. Data support the role of an increased OPG/RANKL ratio as a possible marker of progression of endothelial dysfunction in metabolic disorders in relationship with inflammatory marker levels. We review the role of the OPG/RANKL/RANK triad in vascular function as well as molecular mechanisms related to the etiology of vascular diseases. The potential therapeutic strategies may be very promising in the future.
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Yakar N, Guncu GN, Akman AC, Pınar A, Karabulut E, Nohutcu RM. Evaluation of gingival crevicular fluid and peri-implant crevicular fluid levels of sclerostin, TWEAK, RANKL and OPG. Cytokine 2019; 113:433-439. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Board-Davies E, Moses R, Sloan A, Stephens P, Davies LC. Oral Mucosal Lamina Propria-Progenitor Cells Exert Antibacterial Properties via the Secretion of Osteoprotegerin and Haptoglobin. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:1283-93. [PMID: 26378260 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The oral cavity possesses a diverse microflora, yet recurrent infections within healthy individuals are rare. Wound healing within the buccal mucosa is preferential, potentially because of the presence of oral mucosal lamina propria-progenitor cells (OMLP-PCs). In addition to their multipotency, OMLP-PCs demonstrate potent immunosuppressive properties. The present study investigated whether OMLP-PCs possess antibacterial properties, directly interacting with microorganisms and contributing to the maintenance of a balanced oral microflora. Gram-positive and -negative bacteria were cocultured with OMLP-PCs, buccal mucosal fibroblasts, or their respective conditioned media (CM). Bacterial growth was significantly inhibited when cocultured with OMLP-PCs or their CM. No antibacterial activity was apparent within the fibroblasts. Analysis of the OMLP-PC CM indicated constitutive secretion of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and haptoglobin (Hp). Exposure of the bacteria to OPG or Hp demonstrated their differential antibacterial properties, with neutralization/blocking studies confirming that the growth of Gram-positive bacteria was partially restored by neutralizing OPG within OMLP-PC CM; blocking Hp restored the growth of Gram-negative bacteria. The present study demonstrates, for the first time, the broad-spectrum antibacterial properties of OMLP-PCs. We report the direct and constitutive antibacterial nature of OMLP-PCs, with retention of this effect within the CM suggesting a role for soluble factors such as OPG and Hp. Knowledge of the immunomodulatory and antibacterial properties of these cells could potentially be exploited in the development of novel cell- or soluble factor-based therapeutics for the treatment of infectious diseases such as pneumonia or ailments such as chronic nonhealing wounds. SIGNIFICANCE Oral mucosal lamina propria-progenitor cells (OMLP-PCs) are a cell source with known immunomodulatory properties. The present report demonstrates the novel finding that OMLP-PCs possess potent antibacterial properties, halting the growth of Gram-positive and -negative bacteria through the secretion of soluble factors. OMLP-PCs constitutively secrete osteoprotegerin (OPG) and haptoglobin (Hp) at levels high enough to exert antibacterial action. OPG, a glycoprotein not previously known to be antibacterial, can suppress Gram-positive bacterial growth. Hp is only active against Gram-negative microorganisms. These findings indicate that OMLP-PCs could offer great potential in the development of novel cell- or soluble factor-based therapies for the treatment of infectious illness, such as bacterial pneumonia, through systemic infusion and of chronic wounds through local administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Board-Davies
- Wound Biology Group, Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael Moses
- Wound Biology Group, Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair Sloan
- Wound Biology Group, Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Phil Stephens
- Wound Biology Group, Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsay C Davies
- Wound Biology Group, Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom Centre for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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Effect of periodontal surgery on osteoprotegerin levels in gingival crevicular fluid, saliva, and gingival tissues of chronic periodontitis patients. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:341259. [PMID: 25814780 PMCID: PMC4359842 DOI: 10.1155/2015/341259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. This study was undertaken to investigate the OPG profiles in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), saliva, and gingival tissues of chronic periodontitis (CP) patients in response to open flap debridement (OFD). Subjects and Methods. The study included 30 subjects divided into 2 groups: 20 CP patients and 10 periodontally healthy subjects. Plaque index, gingival index, pocket depth, and clinical attachment level measurements were recorded for all subjects. GCF, salivary, and gingival samples were collected from all 30 subjects at baseline and 3 and 6 month after OFD from the 20 CP patients. GCF and salivary OPG levels were assessed by ELISA assay, while OPG expression in gingival tissues was examined by immunohistochemistry. Results. GCF, salivary and gingival OPG profiles were significantly higher in control subjects compared to CP patients at baseline (P < 0.001). Within CP group, OPG levels in GCF, saliva, and gingival samples showed a significant increase at 3 and 6 months after OFD (P < 0.001) compared to baseline. Although OPG values increased significantly in gingival samples and insignificantly in saliva after 3 months compared to 6 months, yet GCF levels were significantly decreased. Conclusions. OPG might be considered as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of periodontal bone destruction. This trial is registered with NCT02160613.
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Pei Z, Wang B, Zhang F, Niu Z, Shi S, Cannon RD, Mei L. Response of Human Periodontal Ligament Cells to Baicalin. J Periodontol 2014; 85:1283-90. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2014.130635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Lee HJ, Lee CH. Transglutaminase-2 Is Involved in Expression of Osteoprotegerin in MG-63 Osteosarcoma Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2013; 21:204-9. [PMID: 24265865 PMCID: PMC3830118 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2013.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a secreted glycoprotein and a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. It usually functions in bone remodeling, by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis through interaction with a receptor activator of the nuclear factor κB (RANKL). Transglutaminases-2 (Tgase-2) is a group of multifunctional enzymes that plays a role in cancer cell metastasis and bone formation. However, relationship between OPG and Tgase-2 is not studied. Therefore, we investigated the involvement of 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate in the expression of OPG in MG-63 osteosarcoma cells. Interleukin-1β time-dependently induced OPG and Tgase-2 expression in cell lysates and media of the MG-63 cells by a Western blot. Additional 110 kda band was found in the media of MG-63 cells. 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate also induced OPG and Tgase-2 expression. However, an 110 kda band was not found in TPA-treated media of MG-63 cells. Cystamine, a Tgase-2 inhibitor, dose-dependently suppressed the expression of OPG in MG-63 cells. Gene silencing of Tgase-2 also signifi cantly suppressed the expression of OPG in MG-63 cells. Next, we examined whether a band of 110 kda of OPG contains an isopeptide bond, an indication of Tgase-2 action, by monoclonal antibody specifi c for the isopeptide bond. However, we could not fi nd the isopeptide bond at 110 kda but 77 kda, which is believed to be the band position of Tgase-2. This suggested that 110 kda is not the direct product of Tgase-2’s action. All together, OPG and Tgase-2 is induced by IL-1β or TPA in MG-63 cells and Tgase-2 is involved in OPG expression in MG-63 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ja Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
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12
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Sun X, Icli B, Wara AK, Belkin N, He S, Kobzik L, Hunninghake GM, Vera MP, Blackwell TS, Baron RM, Feinberg MW. MicroRNA-181b regulates NF-κB-mediated vascular inflammation. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:1973-90. [PMID: 22622040 DOI: 10.1172/jci61495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
EC activation and dysfunction have been linked to a variety of vascular inflammatory disease states. The function of microRNAs (miRNAs) in vascular EC activation and inflammation remains poorly understood. Herein, we report that microRNA-181b (miR-181b) serves as a potent regulator of downstream NF-κB signaling in the vascular endothelium by targeting importin-α3, a protein that is required for nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Overexpression of miR-181b inhibited importin-α3 expression and an enriched set of NF-κB-responsive genes such as adhesion molecules VCAM-1 and E-selectin in ECs in vitro and in vivo. In addition, treatment of mice with proinflammatory stimuli reduced miR-181b expression. Rescue of miR-181b levels by systemic administration of miR-181b "mimics" reduced downstream NF-κB signaling and leukocyte influx in the vascular endothelium and decreased lung injury and mortality in endotoxemic mice. In contrast, miR-181b inhibition exacerbated endotoxin-induced NF-κB activity, leukocyte influx, and lung injury. Finally, we observed that critically ill patients with sepsis had reduced levels of miR-181b compared with control intensive care unit (ICU) subjects. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that miR-181b regulates NF-κB-mediated EC activation and vascular inflammation in response to proinflammatory stimuli and that rescue of miR-181b expression could provide a new target for antiinflammatory therapy and critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghui Sun
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Body JJ, Bergmann P, Boonen S, Devogelaer JP, Gielen E, Goemaere S, Kaufman JM, Rozenberg S, Reginster JY. Extraskeletal benefits and risks of calcium, vitamin D and anti-osteoporosis medications. Osteoporos Int 2012; 23 Suppl 1:S1-23. [PMID: 22311111 PMCID: PMC3273686 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-011-1891-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Drugs used for the prevention and the treatment of osteoporosis exert various favourable and unfavourable extra-skeletal effects whose importance is increasingly recognized notably for treatment selection. INTRODUCTION The therapeutic armamentarium for the prevention and the treatment of osteoporosis is increasingly large, and possible extra-skeletal effects of available drugs could influence the choice of a particular compound. METHODS The present document is the result of a national consensus, based on a systematic and critical review of the literature. RESULTS Observational research has suggested an inverse relationship between calcium intake and cardiovascular diseases, notably through an effect on blood pressure, but recent data suggest a possible deleterious effect of calcium supplements on cardiovascular risk. Many diverse studies have implicated vitamin D in the pathogenesis of clinically important non-skeletal functions or diseases, especially muscle function, cardiovascular disease, autoimmune diseases and common cancers. The possible effects of oral or intravenous bisphosphonates are well-known. They have been associated with an increased risk of oesophageal cancer or atrial fibrillation, but large-scale studies have not found any association with bisphosphonate use. Selective oestrogen receptor modulators have demonstrated favourable or unfavourable extra-skeletal effects that vary between compounds. Strontium ranelate has a limited number of non-skeletal effects. A reported increase in the risk of venous thromboembolism is not found in observational studies, and very rare cases of cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions have been reported. Denosumab has been introduced recently, and its extra-skeletal effects still have to be assessed. CONCLUSION Several non-skeletal effects of bone drugs are well demonstrated and influence treatment choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.-J. Body
- Department of Medicine, CHU Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - P. Bergmann
- Department of Radioisotopes, CHU Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - S. Boonen
- Center for Metabolic Bone Diseases, Katholieke University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J.-P. Devogelaer
- Department of Rheumatology, Saint Luc University Hospital, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - E. Gielen
- Gerontology and Geriatrics Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, K.U.Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S. Goemaere
- Department of Rheumatology and Endocrinology, State University of Gent, Gent, Belgium
| | - J.-M. Kaufman
- Department of Endocrinology, State University of Gent, Gent, Belgium
| | - S. Rozenberg
- Department of Gynaecology–Obstetrics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - J.-Y. Reginster
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Bone and Cartilage Metabolism Research Unit, CHU Centre-Ville, Policliniques L. BRULL, Quai Godefroid Kurth 45 (9ème étage), 4020 Liege, Belgium
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Belibasakis GN, Bostanci N. The RANKL-OPG system in clinical periodontology. J Clin Periodontol 2011; 39:239-48. [PMID: 22092994 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2011.01810.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The receptor activator of NF-κB ligand-osteoprotegerin (RANKL-OPG) bi-molecular system is the "bottle-neck" regulator of osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, both in physiological and pathological conditions. This review aims to elaborate the current knowledge on RANKL and OPG in periodontal disease, and to evaluate their diagnostic and prognostic potential as biomarkers of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS To pursue this aim, electronic and manual searches were performed for identifying clinical and in vivo studies on RANKL and OPG in gingival tissue, gingival crevicular fluid, saliva and blood. Smoking and diabetes mellitus were also considered for their potential effects. RESULTS Papers fulfilling the inclusion criteria demonstrate that RANKL is up-regulated, whereas OPG is down-regulated in periodontitis, compared to periodontal health, resulting in an increased RANKL/OPG ratio. This ratio is further up-regulated in smokers and diabetics, and is not affected by conventional periodontal treatment. CONCLUSIONS The increased RANKL/OPG ratio may serve as a biomarker that denotes the occurrence of periodontitis, but may not necessarily predict on-going disease activity. Its steadily elevated levels post treatment may indicate that the molecular mechanisms of bone resorption are still active, holding an imminent risk for relapse of the disease. Additional adjunct treatment modalities that would "switch-off" the RANKL/OPG ratio may therefore be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios N Belibasakis
- Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zürich, Switzerland.
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15
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Preshaw PM, Taylor JJ. How has research into cytokine interactions and their role in driving immune responses impacted our understanding of periodontitis? J Clin Periodontol 2011; 38 Suppl 11:60-84. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2010.01671.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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16
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Kobayashi-Sakamoto M, Isogai E, Holen I. Osteoprotegerin induces cytoskeletal reorganization and activates FAK, Src, and ERK signaling in endothelial cells. Eur J Haematol 2010; 85:26-35. [PMID: 20331738 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2010.01446.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor family member that is expressed by a range of cell types in bone as well as in the vasculature. However, the specific role of OPG in the vascular system is unclear. We recently reported that OPG treatment protects endothelial cells from detachment and apoptotic cell death induced by cysteine proteases of Porphyromonas gingivalis, an important pathogen of adult periodontitis. We also found that OPG activates the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, which has been linked to cell survival and angiogenesis. In this study, we demonstrate that exposure to OPG induces a substantial morphological change in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells. Our results show that OPG induced a dose-dependent increase in the length of microtubules, which coincided with the transition of the cells from a polygonal to an elongated shape. Furthermore, we demonstrated that OPG activates signaling pathways that lead to the activation of Src, focal adhesion kinase, and ERK1/2. These findings suggest that OPG regulates at least two distinct pathways: one that induces cell proliferation via ERK signaling and another that induces angiogenesis via Src signaling. The findings of this study suggest that OPG may function as a regulator of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiyo Kobayashi-Sakamoto
- Division of Disease Control & Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Oral Growth & Development, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan.
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17
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Gürkan A, Emingil G, Nizam N, Doğanavşargil B, Sezak M, Kütükçüler N, Atilla G. Therapeutic Efficacy of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide inEscherichia coliLipopolysaccharide-Induced Experimental Periodontitis in Rats. J Periodontol 2009; 80:1655-64. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2009.090031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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18
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Taya K, Hirose K, Hamada S. Trehalose inhibits inflammatory cytokine production by protecting IκB-α reduction in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Arch Oral Biol 2009; 54:749-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2009.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Revised: 04/28/2009] [Accepted: 05/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Reid PE, Brown NJ, Holen I. Breast cancer cells stimulate osteoprotegerin (OPG) production by endothelial cells through direct cell contact. Mol Cancer 2009; 8:49. [PMID: 19604388 PMCID: PMC2719583 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-8-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angiogenesis, the sprouting of capillaries from existing blood vessels, is central to tumour growth and progression, however the molecular regulation of this process remains to be fully elucidated. The secreted glycoprotein osteoprotegerin (OPG) is one potential pro-angiogenic factor, and clinical studies have demonstrated endothelial cells within a number of tumour types to express high levels of OPG compared to those in normal tissue. Additionally, OPG can increase endothelial cell survival, proliferation and migration, as well as induce endothelial cell tube formation in vitro. This study aims to elucidate the processes involved in the pro-angiogenic effects of OPG in vitro, and also how OPG levels may be regulated within the tumour microenvironment. Results It has previously been demonstrated that OPG can induce tube formation on growth factor reduced matrigel. In this study, we demonstrate that OPG enhances the pro-angiogenic effects of VEGF and that OPG does not stimulate endothelial cell tube formation through activation of the VEGFR2 receptor. We also show that cell contact between HuDMECs and the T47D breast cancer cell line increases endothelial cell OPG mRNA and protein secretion levels in in vitro co-cultures. These increases in endothelial cell OPG secretion were dependent on ανβ3 ligation and NFκB activation. In contrast, the pro-angiogenic factors VEGF, bFGF and TGFβ had no effect on HuDMEC OPG levels. Conclusion These findings suggest that the VEGF signalling pathway is not involved in mediating the pro-angiogenic effects of OPG on endothelial cells in vitro. Additionally, we show that breast cancer cells cause increased levels of OPG expression by endothelial cells, and that direct contact between endothelial cells and tumour cells is required in order to increase endothelial OPG expression and secretion. Stimulation of OPG secretion was shown to involve ανβ3 ligation and NFκB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penny E Reid
- Academic Units of Clinical Oncology and Surgical Oncology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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20
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Chen SC, Huang FM, Lee SS, Li MZ, Chang YC. The upregulation of receptor activator NF-κB ligand expression by interleukin-1α andPorphyromonas endodontalisin human osteoblastic cells. Int Endod J 2009; 42:375-80. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2008.01539.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Wada Y, Mizuno M, Tamura M. Enamel matrix derivative neutralized the effect of lipopolysaccharide on osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand expression of osteoblasts. Arch Oral Biol 2009; 54:306-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2009.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2008] [Revised: 01/06/2009] [Accepted: 01/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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22
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Sakellari D, Menti S, Konstantinidis A. Free soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-κb ligand in gingival crevicular fluid correlates with distinct pathogens in periodontitis patients. J Clin Periodontol 2008; 35:938-43. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2008.01314.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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23
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Pathophysiological roles of osteoprotegerin (OPG). Eur J Cell Biol 2008; 88:1-17. [PMID: 18707795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2008.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2008] [Revised: 06/25/2008] [Accepted: 06/26/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a secreted glycoprotein central to bone turnover via its role as a decoy receptor for the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL) and has traditionally been linked to a number of bone-related diseases. However, there is additional evidence that OPG can promote cell survival by inhibiting TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis. As a result, a number of in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies have been performed assessing the role of OPG in tumourigenesis. Similar studies have been performed regarding vascular pathologies, resulting from observations of expression and regulation of OPG in the vasculature. This review aims to provide an update on this area and assess the potential protective or detrimental role of OPG in both vascular pathologies and tumourigenesis.
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Baioni CS, de Souza CM, Ribeiro Braosi AP, Luczyszyn SM, Dias da Silva MA, Ignácio SA, Naval Machado MA, Benato Martins WD, Riella MC, Pecoits-Filho R, Trevilatto PC. Analysis of the association of polymorphism in the osteoprotegerin gene with susceptibility to chronic kidney disease and periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2008; 43:578-84. [PMID: 18624938 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2008.01098.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a complex disorder, which results in several complications involving disturbance of mineral metabolism. Periodontal disease is an infectious disease that appears to be an important cause of systemic inflammation in CKD patients. Periodontal disease is characterized by clinical attachment loss (CAL) caused by alveolar bone resorption around teeth, which may lead to tooth loss. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a key regulator of osteoclastogenesis. Polymorphisms are the main source of genetic variation, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been reported as major modulators of disease susceptibility. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of a polymorphism located at position -223 in the untranslated region of the OPG gene, previously known as -950, with susceptibility to CKD and periodontal disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS A sample of 224 subjects without and with CKD (in hemodialysis) was divided into groups with and without periodontal disease. The OPG polymorphism was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS No association was found between the studied OPG polymorphism and susceptibility to CKD or periodontal disease. CONCLUSION It was concluded that polymorphism OPG-223 (C/T) was not associated with CKD and periodontal disease in a Brazilian population. Studies on other polymorphisms in this and other genes of the host response could help to clarify the involvement of bone metabolism mediators in the susceptibility to CKD and periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Baioni
- Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana (PUCPR), Rua Imaculada Conciicao, Curitibua, SP, Brazil
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25
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Role of alphav integrin in osteoprotegerin-induced endothelial cell migration and proliferation. Microvasc Res 2008; 76:139-44. [PMID: 18656492 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2008.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2008] [Revised: 06/24/2008] [Accepted: 06/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a decoy receptor for the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL). However, the role of OPG in the endothelium remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that OPG stimulates the proliferation and migration of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs). In addition, we show that treatment with integrin alpha(v)beta(3) or integrin alpha(v)beta(5) blocking antibody inhibits endothelial cell migration. In contrast, treatment with anti-alpha(v)beta(3) antibody or anti-alpha(v)beta(5) antibody alone did not inhibit OPG-induced proliferation. However, OPG-induced proliferation was inhibited when these antibodies were applied simultaneously. Furthermore, OPG evoked activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, which has been linked to integrin alpha(v) activity. Taken together, these results suggest that integrins alpha(v)beta(3) and/or alpha(v)beta(5) contribute to endothelial cell proliferation and migration induced by OPG.
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26
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Lu HK, Yeh KC, Wu MF, Li CL, Tseng CC. An acute injection of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide modulates the OPG/RANKL system and interleukin-6 in an ovariectomized mouse model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 23:220-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2007.00415.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Yoshinaga Y, Ukai T, Abe Y, Hara Y. Expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand relates to inflammatory bone resorption, with or without occlusal trauma, in rats. J Periodontal Res 2007; 42:402-9. [PMID: 17760817 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2007.00960.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) is an important factor in osteoclast differentiation, activation and survival; however, its involvement in inflammatory bone resorption, with or without occlusal trauma, is unclear. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the distribution of RANKL-expressing cells in rat periodontium during lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation with or without occlusal trauma. MATERIAL AND METHODS Lipopolysaccharide was injected into rat gingiva of the lower left first molar to induce inflammation. In addition, the occlusal surface of the upper left first molar of rat was raised by placing a gold inlay to induce occlusal trauma in the lower left first molars. The distribution of RANKL-expressing cells was immunohistochemically observed. RESULTS In the inflammatory model, many osteoclasts were observed at the apical inter-radicular septum on day 5 and they were reduced by day 10. On the other hand, in the inflammatory model with occlusal trauma, many osteoclasts were still observed on day 10. RANKL expression was similar to the changes in osteoclast number. The expression of RANKL increased in endothelial cells, inflammatory cells and periodontal ligament cells. CONCLUSION These findings clearly demonstrated that RANKL expression on endothelial cells, inflammatory cells and periodontal ligament cells is involved in inflammatory bone resorption and the expression is enhanced by traumatic occlusion. These results suggest that RANKL expression on these cells is closely involved in the increase of osteoclasts induced by occlusal trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yoshinaga
- Department of Periodontology, Unit of Translational Medicine, Course of Medical and Dental Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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28
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Wara-aswapati N, Surarit R, Chayasadom A, Boch JA, Pitiphat W. RANKL Upregulation Associated With Periodontitis andPorphyromonas gingivalis. J Periodontol 2007; 78:1062-9. [PMID: 17539720 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2007.060398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) are critical for homeostatic control of osteoclast activity, suggesting their vital roles in the progression of bone loss in periodontitis. In this study, the expression of RANKL and OPG mRNA and the relationship between these factors and periodontopathic bacteria in periodontal tissue were studied. METHODS Gingival tissue and subgingival plaque samples were collected from 15 patients with chronic periodontitis and 15 periodontally healthy subjects. RNA was extracted from the tissue and subjected to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using primers specific for RANKL or OPG. Beta-actin was amplified as a control to ensure equal loading. The intensity of RT-PCR products was analyzed by a densitometer in proportion to the intensity of beta-actin. The numbers of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS Our results showed increased levels of RANKL mRNA in chronic periodontitis tissues. The RANKL/OPG expression ratio was significantly higher in the periodontitis group compared to the healthy control group (P = 0.001). Interestingly, the expression of RANKL (r = 0.64; P <0.001), but not OPG (r = -0.24; P = 0.20), was significantly correlated with increased numbers of P. gingivalis. A. actinomycetemcomitans was detected in only 6.7% of all sites. CONCLUSIONS Chronic periodontitis was associated with RANKL mRNA upregulation and increased RANKL/OPG mRNA expression ratio. In addition, our data showed for the first time to our knowledge an association between upregulated RANKL levels and the number of P. gingivalis in clinically obtained periodontal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawarat Wara-aswapati
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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29
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Nagasawa T, Kiji M, Yashiro R, Hormdee D, Lu H, Kunze M, Suda T, Koshy G, Kobayashi H, Oda S, Nitta H, Ishikawa I. Roles of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin in periodontal health and disease. Periodontol 2000 2007; 43:65-84. [PMID: 17214836 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2006.00185.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Nagasawa
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Hard Tissue Engineering, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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30
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Chapple ILC, Matthews JB. The role of reactive oxygen and antioxidant species in periodontal tissue destruction. Periodontol 2000 2007; 43:160-232. [PMID: 17214840 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2006.00178.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 516] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iain L C Chapple
- Unit of Periodontology, The University of Birmingham School of Dentistry, Birmingham, UK
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31
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Muià C, Mazzon E, Maiere D, Zito D, Di Paola R, Domenico S, Crisafulli C, Britti D, Cuzzocrea S. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate reduced experimental periodontitis. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 539:205-10. [PMID: 16696968 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2005] [Revised: 03/21/2006] [Accepted: 03/27/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) is a transcription factor which plays a pivotal role in the induction of genes involved in physiological processes as well as in the response to injury and inflammation. Dithiocarbamates are antioxidants which are potent inhibitors of NF-kappaB. We postulated that pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) would attenuate inflammation. In the present study, we have investigated the effects of PDTC, in a rat model of periodontitis. Periodontitis was induced in rats by placing around the lower left first molar a 2/0 braided silk. At day eight the gingivomucosal tissue encircling the mandibular first molar was removed for biochemical and histological analysis. At day eight ligations significantly induced an increase neutrophil infiltration as well as the gingivomucosal tissue expression of TNF-alpha and iNOS as well as nitrotyrosine formation and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase activation. Ligation significantly increased Evans blue extravasation in gingivomucosal tissue and alveolar bone destruction. Intraperitonial injection of PDTC (10 mg/kg daily for eight days) significantly reduced all of the parameters of inflammation as described above. These data demonstrate that PDTC exerts an anti-inflammatory role during experimental periodontitis and is able to ameliorate the tissue damage associated with ligature-induced periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Muià
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario, 98123 Messina, Italy
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mark Bartold
- Colgate Australian Clinical Dental Resource Centre, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey A Schenkein
- Department of Peridontics, Virginia Commonwealth University-VCU/MCV, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Choi EK, Park SA, Oh WM, Kang HC, Kuramitsu HK, Kim BG, Kang IC. Mechanisms ofPorphyromonas gingivalis-induced monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in endothelial cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 44:51-8. [PMID: 15780578 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsim.2004.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2004] [Revised: 11/02/2004] [Accepted: 12/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is expressed in vascular endothelial cells of inflamed gingival tissues and plays an important role in periodontal pathogenesis. Endothelial cells produce high levels of MCP-1 in response to Porphyromonas gingivalis, an important periodontal pathogen. The present study investigated the mechanisms involved in MCP-1 production by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) following infection with P. gingivalis. In contrast to P. gingivalis, Bacteroides forsythus only weakly stimulated MCP-1 production while Treponema denticola could not induce MCP-1 in HUVEC. The MCP-1 production was independent of endogenous interleukin (IL)-1alpha as IL-1 receptor antagonist treatment did not reduce MCP-1 production by P. gingivalis. Meanwhile, antioxidant treatment and inhibition of NAD(P)H oxidase significantly reduced MCP-1 production. Pharmacological inhibition of p38 mitogen-associated protein (MAP) kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) or activator protein-1 (AP-1) also substantially attenuated P. gingivalis-induced MCP-1 expression by HUVEC. Indeed, activation of NF-kappaB and AP-1 was observed in P. gingivalis-infected HUVEC. These results suggest that MCP-1 expression is upregulated in P. gingivalis-infected endothelial cells via reactive oxygen species, p38 MAP kinase, JNK, NF-kappaB, and AP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyoung Choi
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Chonnam National University Dental School, 300 Yongbong-Dong, Puk-Gu, Kwangju 500-757, South Korea
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