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Aboelez MO, Ezelarab HAA, Alotaibi G, Abouzed DEE. Inflammatory setting, therapeutic strategies targeting some pro-inflammatory cytokines and pathways in mitigating ischemia/reperfusion-induced hepatic injury: a comprehensive review. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03074-y. [PMID: 38643452 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03074-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is a key determining agent in the pathophysiology of clinical organ dysfunction. It is characterized by an aseptic local inflammatory reaction due to a decrease in blood supply, hence deprivation of dependent oxygen and nutrients. In instances of liver transplantation, this injury may have irreversible implications, resulting in eventual organ rejection. The deterioration associated with IRI is affected by the hepatic health status and various factors such as alterations in metabolism, oxidative stress, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The primary cause of inflammation is the initial immune response of pro-inflammatory cytokines, while Kupffer cells (KFCs) and neutrophil-produced chemokines also play a significant role. Upon reperfusion, the activation of inflammatory responses can elicit further cellular damage and organ dysfunction. This review discusses the interplay between chemokines, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and other inflammatory mediators that contribute to the damage to hepatocytes and liver failure in rats following IR. Furthermore, it delves into the impact of anti-inflammatory therapies in safeguarding against liver failure and hepatocellular damage in rats following IR. This review investigates the correlation between cytokine factors and liver dysfunction via examining databases, such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB), and Research Gate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa O Aboelez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt.
| | - Hend A A Ezelarab
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minya, 61519, Egypt.
| | - Ghallab Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Al-Dawadmi Campus, 11961, Al-Dawadmi, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deiaa E Elsayed Abouzed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt
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Cruz-Vallejo V, Zarco-Mendoza A, Morales-Ramírez P. Kinetics of the in vivo genotoxic and radioprotective effects of methyl gallate and epigallocatechin gallate. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2023; 64:393-400. [PMID: 37431273 DOI: 10.1002/em.22563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the kinetics of the in vivo action of equimolar doses of methyl gallate (MG) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on their capacity to induce DNA damage and to protect against DNA damage induced by 60 Co gamma rays. DNA-damaged cells were determined by single-cell gel electrophoresis (comets) in murine peripheral blood leukocytes. The maximum radioprotective effects of MG and EGCG (approximately 70%) occurred at 15 min after administration when their effect was determined 2 min following irradiation. MG and EGCG have similar radioprotective indexes, which due to their fast response indicate that they are involved in free radical scavenging. Due to the similar radioprotective activities of MG and EGCG, the in vivo radioprotective effects of these agents do not seem to be dependent on the number of hydroxyl groups present in their structures but instead on the presence of the galloyl radical. EGCG induces an early, significant, and persistent increase in the number of DNA-damaged cells and a later and more important increase in the number of damaged cells, suggesting that it has two mechanisms by which it can induce DNA damage. MG at the same molar dose as EGCG caused a significant and persistent increase in DNA damaged cells but to a much lesser extent to that induce by EGCG, suggesting that the galloyl radical is not involved in the mechanism of DNA breaks induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Cruz-Vallejo
- Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Anaís Zarco-Mendoza
- Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pedro Morales-Ramírez
- Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Mexico City, Mexico
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Yi J, Chen C, Liu X, Kang Q, Hao L, Huang J, Lu J. Radioprotection of EGCG based on immunoregulatory effect and antioxidant activity against 60Coγ radiation-induced injury in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 135:111051. [PMID: 31837348 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.111051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Excessive reactive oxygen radicals (ROS) produced by ionizing radiation (IR) can cause human body to serious oxidative damage, leading to oxidation-reduction (REDOX) system imbalance and immune system damage. Here, the radioprotection of EGCG was studied through a model of oxidative damage in 60Coγ radiation mice. Firstly, the weights and the main organs indexes of mice, including the liver index, spleen index and pancreas index, indicated preliminarily the safety and protection of EGCG. Then, the radioprotection of EGCG based on immune-regulation on radiation mice was further investigated. Results suggested that EGCG could prevent significantly the immune system damage caused by 60Coγ via increasing the immune organ index, inducing the transformation of spleen cells into T- and B-lymphocytes, and enhancing the macrophage phagocytosis, compared with model group. In addition, EGCG could also protect spleens of radiation mice from 60Coγ-induced the imbalance of REDOX system by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), increasing the level of glutathione (GSH), suppressing lipid peroxidation (Malondialdehyde, MDA). The antioxidant enzymes activities of serum and livers were also increased markedly. Taken together, our results indicated that EGCG possessed the excellent potential to serve as a natural radioprotector against IR-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Yi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Qiaozhen Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Limin Hao
- The Quartermaster Equipment Institute, Academy of Military Sciences PLA China, Beijing, 100010, China.
| | - Jinyong Huang
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jike Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Pires F, Santos JF, Bitoque D, Silva GA, Marletta A, Nunes VA, Ribeiro PA, Silva JC, Raposo M. Polycaprolactone/Gelatin Nanofiber Membranes Containing EGCG-Loaded Liposomes and Their Potential Use for Skin Regeneration. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:4790-4800. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Pires
- CEFITEC, Physics Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Jeniffer Farias Santos
- EACH, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, Biotechnology Laboratory, Universidade de São Paulo, 03828-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diogo Bitoque
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gabriela Araújo Silva
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Marletta
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38400-902 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Viviane Abreu Nunes
- EACH, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, Biotechnology Laboratory, Universidade de São Paulo, 03828-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo A. Ribeiro
- CEFITEC, Physics Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Jorge Carvalho Silva
- CENIMAT/I3N, Physics Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Maria Raposo
- CEFITEC, Physics Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
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Combination of 5-Florouracil and polyphenol EGCG exerts suppressive effects on oral cancer cells exposed to radiation. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 101:8-12. [PMID: 30851692 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Natural compounds such as epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) have previously shown chemotherapeutic properties with few side-effects. In our study, we evaluated the effects of combining EGCG with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and radiotherapy on oral squamous cell cancer. We evaluated whether the combination of lower doses of 5-FU with EGCG could be equally or more effective than the use of higher doses of 5-FU alone. METHODS Cell viability, migration and cell cycles were assayed in oral cancer cell lines treated with 5-FU, 5-FU + EGCG and radiation (0, 2.5 and 5 Gy). RESULTS This study found that the combination of EGCG with 5-FU reduced cell viability and migration distance compared to control samples and the same dose of 5-FU alone. Addition of EGCG increased the number of cells in the G2/M phase, while 5-FU arrested the cell cycle in phase S. Moreover, cell exposure to 5 Gy radiation decreased the effects of combining with EGCG. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the combination of EGCG and 5-FU reduced both cell viability and migration as well as altered the cell cycle to a greater extent than 5-FU alone.
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Avadhani KS, Manikkath J, Tiwari M, Chandrasekhar M, Godavarthi A, Vidya SM, Hariharapura RC, Kalthur G, Udupa N, Mutalik S. Skin delivery of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and hyaluronic acid loaded nano-transfersomes for antioxidant and anti-aging effects in UV radiation induced skin damage. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:61-74. [PMID: 28155509 PMCID: PMC8253143 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2016.1228718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work attempts to develop and statistically optimize transfersomes containing EGCG and hyaluronic acid to synergize the UV radiation-protective ability of both compounds, along with imparting antioxidant and anti-aging effects. Transfersomes were prepared by thin film hydration technique, using soy phosphatidylcholine and sodium cholate, combined with high-pressure homogenization. They were characterized with respect to size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology, entrapment efficiency, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), in vitro antioxidant activity and ex vivo skin permeation studies. Cell viability, lipid peroxidation, intracellular ROS levels and expression of MMPs (2 and 9) were determined in human keratinocyte cell lines (HaCaT). The composition of the transfersomes was statistically optimized by Design of Experiments using Box–Behnken design with four factors at three levels. The optimized transfersome formulation showed vesicle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential of 101.2 ± 6.0 nm, 0.245 ± 0.069 and −44.8 ± 5.24 mV, respectively. FTIR and DSC showed no interaction between EGCG and the selected excipients. XRD results revealed no form conversion of EGCG in its transfersomal form. The optimized transfersomes were found to increase the cell viability and reduce the lipid peroxidation, intracellular ROS and expression of MMPs in HaCaT cells. The optimized transfersomal formulation of EGCG and HA exhibited considerably higher skin permeation and deposition of EGCG than that observed with plain EGCG. The results underline the potential application of the developed transfersomes in sunscreen cream/lotions for improvement of UV radiation-protection along with deriving antioxidant and anti-aging effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran S Avadhani
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University , Manipal , India
| | - Jyothsna Manikkath
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University , Manipal , India
| | - Mradul Tiwari
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University , Manipal , India
| | - Misra Chandrasekhar
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University , Manipal , India
| | - Ashok Godavarthi
- c Radiant Research Services Pvt. Ltd, Peenya Industrial Area , Bangalore , India
| | - Shimoga M Vidya
- d Department of Biotechnology , NMAM Institute of Technology, Nitte University , Nitte , India , and
| | - Raghu C Hariharapura
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University , Manipal , India
| | - Guruprasad Kalthur
- e Department of Clinical Embryology , Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University , Manipal , India
| | - Nayanabhirama Udupa
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University , Manipal , India
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University , Manipal , India
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Puri A, Nguyen HX, Banga AK. Microneedle-mediated intradermal delivery of epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Int J Cosmet Sci 2016; 38:512-23. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Puri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; College of Pharmacy; Mercer University; Atlanta GA 30341 USA
| | - H. X. Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; College of Pharmacy; Mercer University; Atlanta GA 30341 USA
| | - A. K. Banga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; College of Pharmacy; Mercer University; Atlanta GA 30341 USA
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Jang JS, Moon C, Kim JC, Jung U, Jo SK, Kim SH. Green tea ameliorates recognition memory defects in acute radiation syndrome caused by gamma irradiation. J Biomed Res 2014. [DOI: 10.12729/jbr.2014.15.2.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Richi B, Kale RK, Tiku AB. Radio-modulatory effects of Green Tea Catechin EGCG on pBR322 plasmid DNA and murine splenocytes against gamma-radiation induced damage. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2012; 747:62-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Therapeutic Attenuation of Neuroinflammation and Apoptosis by Black Tea Theaflavin in Chronic MPTP/Probenecid Model of Parkinson’s Disease. Neurotox Res 2012; 23:166-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-012-9332-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 04/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Liu ML, Wen JQ, Fan YB. Potential Protection of Green Tea Polyphenols Against 1800 MHz Electromagnetic Radiation-Induced Injury on Rat Cortical Neurons. Neurotox Res 2011; 20:270-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-011-9240-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Green tea prevents down-regulation of gap junction intercellular communication in human keratinocytes treated with PMA. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2010; 268:885-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-010-1411-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Attenuation of liver ischemia/reperfusion induced apoptosis by epigallocatechin-3-gallate via down-regulation of NF-kappaB and c-Jun expression. J Surg Res 2008; 159:720-8. [PMID: 19394642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2008.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Revised: 08/19/2008] [Accepted: 08/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) activates Kupffer cells and initiates severe oxidative stress with enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). ROS and TNF-alpha mediate the expression of nuclear factors and kinases, activating the signal transduction pathway, and triggering apoptosis. The aim of our study was to evaluate the potential protective effect of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) administration in inhibition of apoptosis by attenuating the expression of NF-kappaB, c-Jun, and caspase-3 in a model of severe hepatic I/R. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty Wistar rats were allocated into three groups. Sham operation, I/R, and I/R-EGCG 50mg/kg. Hepatic ischemia was induced for 60min by Pringle's maneuver. Malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), light histology, scanning electron microscopy, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), and immunocytochemistry for NF-kappaB, c-Jun, caspase-3, analysis on liver specimens and aspartate (AST), and alanine (ALT) transferases analysis in serum, were performed 120min after reperfusion. RESULTS Apoptosis as indicated by TUNEL and caspase-3 was widely expressed in the I/R group but very limited in the EGCG treated group. Liver was stained positive for NF-kappaB and c-Jun in the I/R group but failed to be stained positive in the EGCG treated group. MDA, MPO, AST, and ALT showed marked increase in the I/R group and significant decrease in EGCG treated group. Significant alterations of liver specimens were observed by light histology and transmission electron microscopy whilst pretreatment with EGCG resulted in parenchymal preservation. CONCLUSIONS Administration of EGCG is likely to inhibit I/R-induced apoptosis and protect liver by down-regulating NF-kappaB and c-Jun signal transduction pathways.
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Nakayama F, Müller K, Hagiwara A, Ridi R, Akashi M, Meineke V. Involvement of intracellular expression of FGF12 in radiation-induced apoptosis in mast cells. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2008; 49:491-501. [PMID: 18525161 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.08021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Several fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are able to reduce and improve radiation-induced tissue damage through the activation of surface fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs). In contrast, some FGFs lack classical signal sequences, which play roles in the release of FGFs, and the intracellular function of these FGFs is not well clarified. In this study, we evaluated the transcript levels of 22 FGFs in a human mast cell line, HMC-1, using quantitative RT-PCR and found that FGF2 and FGF12 were expressed in HMC-1 cells. FGF12 not only lacks classical signal sequences but also fails to activate FGFRs. HMC-1 cells were transfected with an expression vector of FGF12 to clarify the intracellular function of FGF12 after irradiation. The overexpression of FGF12 in HMC-1 cells decreased ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis, and siRNA-mediated repression of FGF12 expression augmented apoptosis in HMC-1 cells. The overexpression of FGF12 strongly suppressed the marked augmentation of apoptosis induced by inhibition of the MEK/ERK pathway with PD98059. In contrast, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) scaffold protein islet brain 2 (IB2), which was reported to bind to FGF12, did not interfere with the anti-apoptotic effect of FGF12. The expression of FGF12 transcripts was also detected in murine cultured mast cells derived from bone marrow or fetal skin. These findings suggest that FGF12 intracellularly suppresses radiation-induced apoptosis in mast cells independently of IB2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Nakayama
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Neuherbergstrasse 11, Munich, Germany.
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Giakoustidis AE, Giakoustidis DE, Koliakou K, Kaldrymidou E, Iliadis S, Antoniadis N, Kontos N, Papanikolaou V, Papageorgiou G, Atmatzidis K, Takoudas D. Inhibition of intestinal ischemia/repurfusion induced apoptosis and necrosis via down-regulation of the NF-kB, c-Jun and caspace-3 expression by epigallocatechin-3-gallate administration. Free Radic Res 2008; 42:180-8. [PMID: 18297611 DOI: 10.1080/10715760701840039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) activating signal transduction and apoptosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) administration in inhibition of apoptosis by attenuating the expression of NF-kB, c-Jun and caspace-3 in intestinal I/R. Thirty male wistar rats were used. Group A sham operation, B I/R, C I/R-EGCG 50 mg/kg ip. Intestinal ischemia was induced for 60 min by clamping the superior mesenteric artery. Malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), light histology, Fragment End Labelling of DNA (TUNEL), immunocytochemistry for NF-kB, c-Jun and caspace-3 analysis in intestinal specimens were performed 120 min after reperfusion. Apoptosis as indicated by TUNEL and Caspace-3, NF-kB and c-Jun was widely expressed in I/R group but only slightly expressed in EGCG treated groups. MDA and MPO showed a marked increase in the I/R group and a significant decrease in the EGCG treated group. Light histology showed preservation of architecture in the EGCG treated group. In conclusion, EGCG pre-treatment is likely to inhibit intestinal I/R-induced apoptosis by down-regulating the expression of NF-kB, c-Jun and caspase-3.
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Antioxidants reduce consequences of radiation exposure. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2008; 614:165-78. [PMID: 18290327 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-74911-2_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidants have been studied for their capacity to reduce the cytotoxic effects of radiation in normal tissues for at least 50 years. Early research identified sulfur-containing antioxidants as those with the most beneficial therapeutic ratio, even though these compounds have substantial toxicity when given in-vivo. Other antioxidant molecules (small molecules and enzymatic) have been studied for their capacity to prevent radiation toxicity both with regard to reduction of radiation-related cytotoxicity and for reduction of indirect radiation effects including long-term oxidative damage. Finally, categories of radiation protectors that are not primarily antioxidants, including those that act through acceleration of cell proliferation (e.g. growth factors), prevention of apoptosis, other cellular signaling effects (e.g. cytokine signal modifiers), or augmentation of DNA repair, all have direct or indirect effects on cellular redox state and levels of endogenous antioxidants. In this review we discuss what is known about the radioprotective properties of antioxidants, and what those properties tell us about the DNA and other cellular targets of radiation.
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Prati S, Baravelli V, Fabbri D, Schwarzinger C, Brandolini V, Maietti A, Tedeschi P, Benvenuti S, Macchia M, Marotti I, Bonetti A, Catizone P, Dinelli G. Composition and content of seed flavonoids in forage and grain legume crops. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:491-501. [PMID: 17444218 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200600383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoid content and composition in 124 accessions of forage and grain legumes was assessed by means of HPLC-DAD and HPLC-ESI-MS analyses of seed extracts. Excluding soybean, only 7 out of 77 grain legume accessions exhibited a total flavonoid content higher than 0.1 mg/g fresh seed weight (mean content 0.33 +/- 0.31 mg/ g fresh seed weight); while in 38 out of 47 forage legume, the mean flavonoid content was 1.49 +/- 0.89 mg/g fresh seed weight. On the basis of their higher seed flavonoid content and agronomic relevance, two grain and five forage legume accessions were selected for further HPLC-ESI-MS analyses aimed to identify bioactive compounds. Chemical analysis of the selected accessions permitted the identification of several flavonoids with pharmaceutical properties such as vitexin in Vigna angularis and Trigonella foenum-graecum, quercetin in all Trifolium spp and Medicago sativa, taxifolin in Trifolium pratense and Trifolium alexandrinum, myricetin in Trifolium repens, kaempferol in Phaseolus vulgaris and T. repens and luteolin in M. sativa and T. alexandrinum. Since much of literature information is regarding flavonoid content and composition of the green part of legume species, the obtained results contributed to fill the gap in knowledge about flavonoid content at the seed level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Prati
- Inter-departmental Centre for Research in Environmental Sciences (C.I.R.S.A.), University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
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Tarozzi A, Marchesl A, Hrelia S, Angeloni C, Andrisano V, Fiori J, Cantelli-Forti G, Hrella P. Protective Effects of Cyanidin-3-O-β-glucopyranoside Against UVA-induced Oxidative Stress in Human Keratinocytes¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2005.tb00235.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Monzen S, Mori T, Takahashi K, Abe Y, Inanami O, Kuwabara M, Kashiwakura I. The effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate on the proliferation and differentiation of human megakaryocytic progenitor cells. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2006; 47:213-20. [PMID: 16819147 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.47.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCg) has been widely recognized as a powerful antioxidant and free radical scavenger. The effects of EGCg on the proliferation and differentiation of X-irradiated megakaryocytic progenitor cells (colony-forming unit-megakaryocyte, CFU-Meg) using CD34+ cells prepared from human placental and umbilical cord blood have been shown. In the absence of exogenous thrombopoietin (TPO), no colonies are observed in cultures containing or lacking EGCg (1 nM-100 microM). In the presence of TPO, in contrast, EGCg significantly promotes CFU-Meg-derived colony formations within the 10-100-nM range. A 1.5-fold increase in the total number of CFU-Meg has been counted compared with the control. These favorable effects of EGCg are also observed in the culture of CD34+ cells before and after X irradiation with 2 Gy. Moreover, in order to investigate the function of EGCg promoting megakaryocytopoiesis and thrombopoiesis in ex vivo cultures, both non-irradiated and X-irradiated CD34+ cells are grown in liquid cultures supplemented with TPO. In both cultures, EGCg increases the total number of cells and megakaryocytes. It has been suggested that the favorable effects of EGCg reduce the risk factor from radiation damage in megakaryocytopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Monzen
- Laboratory of Radiological Technology, Hirosaki University School of Health Sciences, Japan
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Lee JH, Chung KY, Bang D, Lee KH. Searching for aging-related proteins in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells treated with anti-aging agents. Proteomics 2006; 6:1351-61. [PMID: 16404724 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200500287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells constitute an interface between blood and tissue and act as a medium for active interaction between plasma and the intracellular environment for homeostasis. Aging of endothelial cells plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of age-related vascular diseases; however, precise mechanisms for senescence have not been elucidated. Proteomics allows identification of protein structures, functions, and characteristics, and can be applied to the study of aging processes. Using cultured human dermal microvascular endothelial cells and two-dimensional proteomic mapping, we studied the effects of kinetin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, all-trans-retinoic acid, and selenium on their senescence and searched for the aging-related proteins. The treatments resulted in 68 qualitative changes and 172 quantitative changes, and we were able to identify 46 spots among them. All of the agents indicated above induced changes in the expression of moesin, rho guanosine-5'-diphosphate-dissociation inhibitor, and actin, confirmed by immunoblotting and confocal laser microscopy. As these proteins were associated with cell cycle and cytoskeleton, immunoblotting of the proteins related to cell cycle was performed. Although practical significance remains to be confirmed by in vivo research, this fundamental discovery may provide a basis for understanding the mechanism of aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hee Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemoon-Gu, Seoul, Korea
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Aparicio-Fernandez X, Yousef GG, Loarca-Pina G, de Mejia E, Lila MA. Characterization of polyphenolics in the seed coat of Black Jamapa bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2005; 53:4615-22. [PMID: 15913334 DOI: 10.1021/jf047802o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The common bean contains phytochemicals, including phenolic compounds, which can provide health benefits to the consumer. Our objective was to characterize the polyphenolic compounds present in the seed coat of Black Jamapa bean and to test fractionation methods that permit the recovery of polyphenolics in their naturally occurring forms. A 100% methanol extract from seed coats was subjected to different chromatographic fractionation methods. Analysis by HPLC-MS revealed that a better separation of phytochemicals was achieved using direct silica gel fractionation, which allowed more accurate identification of compounds, especially of the flavonols. Anthocyanins, flavanol monomers, and heterogeneous flavanol oligomers up to hexamers were detected. To our knowledge, this is the first time that myricetin glycoside and proanthocyanidin oligomers containing (epi)-gallocatechin have been reported in the black bean. The fractionation methods used in this study produced large quantities of natural mixtures of flavonoids suitable for testing bioactivity and phytochemical interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xochitl Aparicio-Fernandez
- Programa de Posgrado en Alimentos del Centro de la Republica (PROPAC), Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Queretaro, 76010, Mexico
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Tarozzi A, Marchesi A, Hrelia S, Angeloni C, Andrisano V, Fiori J, Cantelli-Forti G, Hrelia P. Protective Effects of Cyanidin-3-O-β-glucopyranoside Against UVA-induced Oxidative Stress in Human Keratinocytes¶. Photochem Photobiol 2005. [DOI: 10.1562/2004-06-14-ra-200.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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