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Delgadillo D, Burch JE, Kim LJ, de Moraes LS, Niwa K, Williams J, Tang MJ, Lavallo VG, Khatri Chhetri B, Jones CG, Rodriguez IH, Signore JA, Marquez L, Bhanushali R, Woo S, Kubanek J, Quave C, Tang Y, Nelson HM. High-Throughput Identification of Crystalline Natural Products from Crude Extracts Enabled by Microarray Technology and microED. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:176-183. [PMID: 38292598 PMCID: PMC10823509 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The structural determination of natural products (NPs) can be arduous because of sample heterogeneity. This often demands iterative purification processes and characterization of complex molecules that may be available only in miniscule quantities. Microcrystal electron diffraction (microED) has recently shown promise as a method to solve crystal structures of NPs from nanogram quantities of analyte. However, its implementation in NP discovery remains hampered by sample throughput and purity requirements, akin to traditional NP-discovery workflows. In the methods described herein, we leverage the resolving power of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the miniaturization capabilities of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) microarray technology to address these challenges through the establishment of an NP screening platform, array electron diffraction (ArrayED). In this workflow, an array of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fractions taken from crude extracts was deposited onto TEM grids in picoliter-sized droplets. This multiplexing of analytes on TEM grids enables 1200 or more unique samples to be simultaneously inserted into a TEM instrument equipped with an autoloader. Selected area electron diffraction analysis of these microarrayed grids allows for the rapid identification of crystalline metabolites. In this study, ArrayED enabled structural characterization of 14 natural products, including four novel crystal structures and two novel polymorphs, from 20 crude extracts. Moreover, we identify several chemical species that would not be detected by standard mass spectrometry (MS) or ultraviolet-visible (UV/vis) spectroscopy and crystal forms that would not be characterized using traditional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- David
A. Delgadillo
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jessica E. Burch
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Lee Joon Kim
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of California, Los
Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Lygia S. de Moraes
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Kanji Niwa
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of California, Los
Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jason Williams
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of California, Los
Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Melody J. Tang
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Vincent G. Lavallo
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Bhuwan Khatri Chhetri
- School
of Biological Sciences, School of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, and Neuroscience Program, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Christopher G. Jones
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Isabel Hernandez Rodriguez
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Joshua A. Signore
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Lewis Marquez
- Molecular
and Systems Pharmacology, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Riya Bhanushali
- School
of Biological Sciences, School of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, and Neuroscience Program, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Sunmin Woo
- Center
for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Julia Kubanek
- School
of Biological Sciences, School of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, and Neuroscience Program, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Cassandra Quave
- Molecular
and Systems Pharmacology, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Center
for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Department
of Dermatology, Emory University School
of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United
States
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of California, Los
Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Hosea M. Nelson
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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2
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Nzimande B, Makhwitine JP, Mkhwanazi NP, Ndlovu SI. Developments in Exploring Fungal Secondary Metabolites as Antiviral Compounds and Advances in HIV-1 Inhibitor Screening Assays. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051039. [PMID: 37243125 DOI: 10.3390/v15051039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 strains against anti-HIV therapies in the clinical pipeline, and the persistence of HIV in cellular reservoirs remains a significant concern. Therefore, there is a continuous need to discover and develop new, safer, and effective drugs targeting novel sites to combat HIV-1. The fungal species are gaining increasing attention as alternative sources of anti-HIV compounds or immunomodulators that can escape the current barriers to cure. Despite the potential of the fungal kingdom as a source for diverse chemistries that can yield novel HIV therapies, there are few comprehensive reports on the progress made thus far in the search for fungal species with the capacity to produce anti-HIV compounds. This review provides insights into the recent research developments on natural products produced by fungal species, particularly fungal endophytes exhibiting immunomodulatory or anti-HIV activities. In this study, we first explore currently existing therapies for various HIV-1 target sites. Then we assess the various activity assays developed for gauging antiviral activity production from microbial sources since they are crucial in the early screening phases for discovering novel anti-HIV compounds. Finally, we explore fungal secondary metabolites compounds that have been characterized at the structural level and demonstrate their potential as inhibitors of various HIV-1 target sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Nzimande
- Discipline of Medical Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, Medical School, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - John P Makhwitine
- Discipline of Medical Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, Medical School, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Nompumelelo P Mkhwanazi
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Sizwe I Ndlovu
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Doornfontein Campus, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
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3
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Digra S, Nonzom S. An insight into endophytic antimicrobial compounds: an updated analysis. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS 2023; 17:1-31. [PMID: 37359493 PMCID: PMC10013304 DOI: 10.1007/s11816-023-00824-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Resistance in micro-organisms against antimicrobial compounds is an emerging phenomenon in the modern era as compared to the traditional world which brings new challenges to discover novel antimicrobial compounds from different available sources, such as, medicinal plants, various micro-organisms, like, bacteria, fungi, algae, actinomycetes, and endophytes. Endophytes reside inside the plants without exerting any harmful impact on the host plant along with providing ample of benefits. In addition, they are capable of producing diverse antimicrobial compounds similar to their host, allowing them to serve as useful micro-organism for a range of therapeutic purposes. In recent years, a large number of studies on the antimicrobial properties of endophytic fungi have been carried out globally. These antimicrobials have been used to treat various bacterial, fungal, and viral infections in humans. In this review, the potential of fungal endophytes to produce diverse antimicrobial compounds along with their various benefits to their host have been focused on. In addition, classification systems of endophytic fungi as well as the need for antimicrobial production with genetic involvement and some of the vital novel antimicrobial compounds of endophytic origin can further be utilized in the pharmaceutical industries for various formulations along with the role of nanoparticles as antimicrobial agents have been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Digra
- Depatment of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu, J&K 180006 India
| | - Skarma Nonzom
- Depatment of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu, J&K 180006 India
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Lacerda ÍCDS, Polonio JC, Golias HC. Endophytic Fungi as a Source of Antiviral Compounds - A Review. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202100971. [PMID: 35426966 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are a rich source of secondary metabolites. The interactions between endophytes and their hosts lead to the production of several bioactive substances grouped into different classes, each having a wide variety of effects against various pathogens. The metabolites obtained from these organisms include steroids, alkaloids, phenols, isocoumarins, xanthones, quinones, and terpenoids, among others. These substances are known to have antibiotic, antiparasitic, antifungal, and antiviral effects. This review summarizes secondary metabolites with antiviral effects produced by endophytic fungi and highlights the importance of research in developing novel antiviral substances. We demonstrate that endophytic fungi are a rich source of secondary metabolites that combat pathologies caused by viruses. Optimizing practical and biotechnological screening tools for the research of these metabolites will provide promising drugs to combat these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Júlio Cesar Polonio
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Biotechnology, State University of Maringá (UEM), Brazil
| | - Halison Correia Golias
- Department of Humanities, Microbiology Laboratory, Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR), Brazil
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5
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Chen BS, Zhang D, de Souza FZR, Liu L. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Marine-Derived Alkaloids via Enzymatic Reactions. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20060368. [PMID: 35736171 PMCID: PMC9229328 DOI: 10.3390/md20060368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alkaloids are a large and structurally diverse group of marine-derived natural products. Most marine-derived alkaloids are biologically active and show promising applications in modern (agro)chemical, pharmaceutical, and fine chemical industries. Different approaches have been established to access these marine-derived alkaloids. Among these employed methods, biotechnological approaches, namely, (chemo)enzymatic synthesis, have significant potential for playing a central role in alkaloid production on an industrial scale. In this review, we discuss research progress on marine-derived alkaloid synthesis via enzymatic reactions and note the advantages and disadvantages of their applications for industrial production, as well as green chemistry for marine natural product research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Shuang Chen
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; (B.-S.C.); (D.Z.); (L.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Di Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; (B.-S.C.); (D.Z.); (L.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Fayene Zeferino Ribeiro de Souza
- Centro Universitário Planalto do Distrito Federal, Universidade Virtual do Estado de São Paulo (UNIPLAN), Campus Bauru 17014-350, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-014-32452580
| | - Lan Liu
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; (B.-S.C.); (D.Z.); (L.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
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6
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Endophytic Fungi: Key Insights, Emerging Prospects, and Challenges in Natural Product Drug Discovery. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020360. [PMID: 35208814 PMCID: PMC8876476 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-associated endophytes define an important symbiotic association in nature and are established bio-reservoirs of plant-derived natural products. Endophytes colonize the internal tissues of a plant without causing any disease symptoms or apparent changes. Recently, there has been a growing interest in endophytes because of their beneficial effects on the production of novel metabolites of pharmacological significance. Studies have highlighted the socio-economic implications of endophytic fungi in agriculture, medicine, and the environment, with considerable success. Endophytic fungi-mediated biosynthesis of well-known metabolites includes taxol from Taxomyces andreanae, azadirachtin A and B from Eupenicillium parvum, vincristine from Fusarium oxysporum, and quinine from Phomopsis sp. The discovery of the billion-dollar anticancer drug taxol was a landmark in endophyte biology/research and established new paradigms for the metabolic potential of plant-associated endophytes. In addition, endophytic fungi have emerged as potential prolific producers of antimicrobials, antiseptics, and antibiotics of plant origin. Although extensively studied as a “production platform” of novel pharmacological metabolites, the molecular mechanisms of plant–endophyte dynamics remain less understood/explored for their efficient utilization in drug discovery. The emerging trends in endophytic fungi-mediated biosynthesis of novel bioactive metabolites, success stories of key pharmacological metabolites, strategies to overcome the existing challenges in endophyte biology, and future direction in endophytic fungi-based drug discovery forms the underlying theme of this article.
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7
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Clinger JA, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Miller MD, Hall RE, Van Lanen SG, Phillips Jr. GN, Thorson JS, Elshahawi SI. Structure and Function of a Dual Reductase-Dehydratase Enzyme System Involved in p-Terphenyl Biosynthesis. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:2816-2824. [PMID: 34763417 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We report the identification of the ter gene cluster responsible for the formation of the p-terphenyl derivatives terfestatins B and C and echoside B from the Appalachian Streptomyces strain RM-5-8. We characterize the function of TerB/C, catalysts that work together as a dual enzyme system in the biosynthesis of natural terphenyls. TerB acts as a reductase and TerC as a dehydratase to enable the conversion of polyporic acid to a terphenyl triol intermediate. X-ray crystallography of the apo and substrate-bound forms for both enzymes provides additional mechanistic insights. Validation of the TerC structural model via mutagenesis highlights a critical role of arginine 143 and aspartate 173 in catalysis. Cumulatively, this work highlights a set of enzymes acting in harmony to control and direct reactive intermediates and advances fundamental understanding of the previously unresolved early steps in terphenyl biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A. Clinger
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Yinan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Mitchell D. Miller
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Ronnie E. Hall
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Steven G. Van Lanen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - George N. Phillips Jr.
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jon S. Thorson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Sherif I. Elshahawi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California 92618, United States
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Raihan T, Rabbee MF, Roy P, Choudhury S, Baek KH, Azad AK. Microbial Metabolites: The Emerging Hotspot of Antiviral Compounds as Potential Candidates to Avert Viral Pandemic Alike COVID-19. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:732256. [PMID: 34557521 PMCID: PMC8452873 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.732256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present global COVID-19 pandemic caused by the noble pleomorphic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has created a vulnerable situation in the global healthcare and economy. In this pandemic situation, researchers all around the world are trying their level best to find suitable therapeutics from various sources to combat against the SARS-CoV-2. To date, numerous bioactive compounds from different sources have been tested to control many viral diseases. However, microbial metabolites are advantageous for drug development over metabolites from other sources. We herein retrieved and reviewed literatures from PubMed, Scopus and Google relevant to antiviral microbial metabolites by searching with the keywords "antiviral microbial metabolites," "microbial metabolite against virus," "microorganism with antiviral activity," "antiviral medicine from microbial metabolite," "antiviral bacterial metabolites," "antiviral fungal metabolites," "antiviral metabolites from microscopic algae' and so on. For the same purpose, the keywords "microbial metabolites against COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2" and "plant metabolites against COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2" were used. Only the full text literatures available in English and pertinent to the topic have been included and those which are not available as full text in English and pertinent to antiviral or anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity were excluded. In this review, we have accumulated microbial metabolites that can be used as antiviral agents against a broad range of viruses including SARS-CoV-2. Based on this concept, we have included 330 antiviral microbial metabolites so far available to date in the data bases and were previously isolated from fungi, bacteria and microalgae. The microbial source, chemical nature, targeted viruses, mechanism of actions and IC50/EC50 values of these metabolites are discussed although mechanisms of actions of many of them are not yet elucidated. Among these antiviral microbial metabolites, some compounds might be very potential against many other viruses including coronaviruses. However, these potential microbial metabolites need further research to be developed as effective antiviral drugs. This paper may provide the scientific community with the possible secret of microbial metabolites that could be an effective source of novel antiviral drugs to fight against many viruses including SARS-CoV-2 as well as the future viral pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Topu Raihan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | | | - Puja Roy
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Swapnila Choudhury
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Abul Kalam Azad
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
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9
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Gusmão AS, Abreu LS, Tavares JF, de Freitas HF, Silva da Rocha Pita S, Dos Santos EG, Caldas IS, Vieira AA, Silva EO. Computer-Guided Trypanocidal Activity of Natural Lactones Produced by Endophytic Fungus of Euphorbia umbellata. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100493. [PMID: 34403573 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hundreds of millions of people worldwide are affected by Chagas' disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. Since the current treatment lack efficacy, specificity, and suffers from several side-effects, novel therapeutics are mandatory. Natural products from endophytic fungi have been useful sources of lead compounds. In this study, three lactones isolated from an endophytic strain culture were in silico evaluated for rational guidance of their bioassay screening. All lactones displayed in vitro activity against T. cruzi epimastigote and trypomastigote forms. Notably, the IC50 values of (+)-phomolactone were lower than benznidazole (0.86 vs. 30.78 μM against epimastigotes and 0.41 vs. 4.88 μM against trypomastigotes). Target-based studies suggested that lactones displayed their trypanocidal activities due to T. cruzi glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (TcGAPDH) inhibition, and the binding free energy for all three TcGAPDH-lactone complexes suggested that (+)-phomolactone has a lower score value (-3.38), corroborating with IC50 assays. These results highlight the potential of these lactones for further anti-T. cruzi drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Santos Gusmão
- Organic Chemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Barão de Jeremoabo 147, Salvador, 40170115, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Lucas Silva Abreu
- Institute for Research in Pharmaceuticals and Medications, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, João Pessoa, 58051900, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Josean Fechine Tavares
- Institute for Research in Pharmaceuticals and Medications, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, João Pessoa, 58051900, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Humberto Fonseca de Freitas
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular Modeling (LaBiMM), Pharmacy College, Federal University of Bahia, Barão de Jeremoabo 147, Salvador, 40170115, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Samuel Silva da Rocha Pita
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular Modeling (LaBiMM), Pharmacy College, Federal University of Bahia, Barão de Jeremoabo 147, Salvador, 40170115, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Elda Gonçalves Dos Santos
- Pathology and Parasitology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva 500, Alfenas, 37130001, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ivo Santana Caldas
- Pathology and Parasitology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva 500, Alfenas, 37130001, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André Alexandre Vieira
- Organic Chemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Barão de Jeremoabo 147, Salvador, 40170115, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Eliane Oliveira Silva
- Organic Chemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Barão de Jeremoabo 147, Salvador, 40170115, Bahia, Brazil
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Kurihara H, Kujira K. Phlorotannins Derived From the Brown Alga Colpomenia bullosa as Tyrosinase Inhibitors. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211021317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase catalyzes hydroxylation of L-tyrosine and dehydrogenation of L-DOPA in the melanin biosynthesis pathway. Tyrosinase inhibitors have potential use as cosmetic whitening agents and for preventing seafood deterioration. In this report, tyrosinase inhibitors extracted from brown alga Colpomenia bullosa (Scytosiphonaceae, Scytosiphonales) were investigated. Inhibitory principles were isolated from the extract and identified as phlorotannins, phloroglucinol (1), diphlorethol (2), triphlorethol C (3), which have not been isolated in a free form previously, and fucophlorethol C (4). Compounds 3 and 4 have not been reported previously as tyrosinase inhibitors. Triphlorethol C (3) was the most potent tyrosinase inhibitor among the phlorotannins isolated, whereas isomeric fucophlorethol C (4) displayed the weakest inhibitory activity. The results suggest that molecular structures of phlorotannins strongly affect their tyrosinase inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazuki Kujira
- Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan
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11
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Yıldırım H, Bayrak N, Yıldız M, Kara EM, Celik BO, Tuyun AF. Thiolated plastoquinone analogs: Synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial evaluation. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Linnakoski R, Reshamwala D, Veteli P, Cortina-Escribano M, Vanhanen H, Marjomäki V. Antiviral Agents From Fungi: Diversity, Mechanisms and Potential Applications. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2325. [PMID: 30333807 PMCID: PMC6176074 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infections are amongst the most common diseases affecting people worldwide. New viruses emerge all the time and presently we have limited number of vaccines and only few antivirals to combat viral diseases. Fungi represent a vast source of bioactive molecules, which could potentially be used as antivirals in the future. Here, we have summarized the current knowledge of fungi as producers of antiviral compounds and discuss their potential applications. In particular, we have investigated how the antiviral action has been assessed and what is known about the molecular mechanisms and actual targets. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of accurate fungal species identification on antiviral and other natural products studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dhanik Reshamwala
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Pyry Veteli
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Henri Vanhanen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Joensuu, Finland
| | - Varpu Marjomäki
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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14
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Sittikul P, Songtawee N, Kongkathip N, Boonyalai N. In vitro and in silico studies of naphthoquinones and peptidomimetics toward Plasmodium falciparum plasmepsin V. Biochimie 2018; 152:159-173. [PMID: 30103899 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium proteases play both regulatory and effector roles in essential biological processes in this important pathogen and have long been investigated as drug targets. Plasmepsin V from P. falciparum (PfPMV) is an essential protease that processes proteins for export into the host erythrocyte and is a focus of ongoing drug development efforts. In the present study, recombinant protein production, inhibition assays, binding studies as well as molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies were used to investigate the mode of binding of a PEXEL-based peptidomimetic and naphthoquinone compounds to PfPMV. Consistent with our previous study, refolded PfPMVs were produced with functional characteristics similar to the soluble counterpart. Naphthoquinone compounds inhibited PfPMV activity by 50% at 50 μM but did not affect pepsin activity. The IC50 values of compounds 31 and 37 against PfPMV were 22.25 and 68.94 μM, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that PEXEL peptide interacted with PfPMV active site residues via electrostatic interactions while naphthoquinone binding preferred van der Waal interactions. P1'-Ser of the PfEMP2 substrate formed an additional H-bond with Asp365 promoting the catalytic efficiency. Additionally, the effect of metal ions on the secondary structure of PfPMV was examined. Our results confirmed that Hg2+ ions reversibly induced the changes in secondary structure of the protein whereas Fe3+ ions induced irreversibly. No change was observed in the presence of Ca2+ ions. Overall, the results here suggested that naphthoquinone derivatives may represent another source of antimalarial inhibitors targeting aspartic proteases but further chemical modifications are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pichamon Sittikul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand; Department of Tropical Pediatrics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Napat Songtawee
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Ngampong Kongkathip
- Natural Product and Organic Synthesis Research Unit (NPOS), Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Nonlawat Boonyalai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
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Linnakoski R, Reshamwala D, Veteli P, Cortina-Escribano M, Vanhanen H, Marjomäki V. Antiviral Agents From Fungi: Diversity, Mechanisms and Potential Applications. Front Microbiol 2018. [PMID: 30333807 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02325/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infections are amongst the most common diseases affecting people worldwide. New viruses emerge all the time and presently we have limited number of vaccines and only few antivirals to combat viral diseases. Fungi represent a vast source of bioactive molecules, which could potentially be used as antivirals in the future. Here, we have summarized the current knowledge of fungi as producers of antiviral compounds and discuss their potential applications. In particular, we have investigated how the antiviral action has been assessed and what is known about the molecular mechanisms and actual targets. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of accurate fungal species identification on antiviral and other natural products studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dhanik Reshamwala
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Pyry Veteli
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Henri Vanhanen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Joensuu, Finland
| | - Varpu Marjomäki
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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16
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Design and synthesis of polycyclic bisindoles via Fischer indolization and ring-closing metathesis as key steps. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.10.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Miyamoto K, Ishikawa F, Nakamura S, Hayashi Y, Nakanishi I, Kakeya H. A 7-dimethylallyl tryptophan synthase from a fungal Neosartorya sp.: biochemical characterization and structural insight into the regioselective prenylation. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:2517-28. [PMID: 24657051 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A putative 7-dimethylallyl tryptophan synthase (DMATS) gene from a fungal Neosartorya sp. was cloned and overexpressed as a soluble His6-fusion protein in Escherichia coli. The enzyme was found to catalyze the prenylation of L-tryptophan at the C7 position of the indole moiety in the presence of dimethylallyl diphosphate; thus, it functions as a 7-DMATS. In this study, we describe the biochemical characterization of 7-DMATS from Neosartorya sp., referred to as 7-DMATS(Neo), and the structural basis of the regioselective prenylation of L-tryptophan at the C7 position by comparison of the three-dimensional structural models of 7-DMATS(Neo) with FgaPT2 (4-DMATS) from Aspergillus fumigatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Miyamoto
- Department of System Chemotherapy and Molecular Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Ishikawa
- Department of System Chemotherapy and Molecular Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shinya Nakamura
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hayashi
- Department of System Chemotherapy and Molecular Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Isao Nakanishi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kakeya
- Department of System Chemotherapy and Molecular Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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Govindappa M, Bharath N, Shruthi H, Santoyo G. In vitro Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Endophytic Extracts of Crotalaria pallida. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.5530/ax.2011.3.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Inder Pal Singh
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India.
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Li SM. Prenylated indole derivatives from fungi: structure diversity, biological activities, biosynthesis and chemoenzymatic synthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2010; 27:57-78. [DOI: 10.1039/b909987p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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21
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Pirrung MC, Li Z, Hensley E, Liu Y, Tanksale A, Lin B, Pai A, Webster NJG. Parallel synthesis of indolylquinones and their cell-based insulin mimicry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 9:844-54. [PMID: 17595147 DOI: 10.1021/cc070062m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic route to bis-indolyldihydroxybenzoquinones was adapted for parallel organic synthesis. The route involves selective conjugate addition of an indole to dichlorobenzoquinone promoted by Brønsted acid, followed by a Lewis acid-promoted conjugate addition of a second indole and a final hydrolysis. Methods for high-throughput purification of the products of this synthesis were also developed. Using these methods, we prepared a library whose structures are based on asterriquinone natural products, which have a wide range of biological activities. In this report, the activities of the library members in activation of the insulin receptor on mammalian cells were examined. Novel compounds were discovered that fall outside earlier developed structure-activity relationships for insulin mimics, supporting the value of systematic investigation (inspired by Nature) for the discovery of novel biologically active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Pirrung
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, USA.
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Schneider P, Weber M, Rosenberger K, Hoffmeister D. A One-Pot Chemoenzymatic Synthesis for the Universal Precursor of Antidiabetes and Antiviral Bis-Indolylquinones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 14:635-44. [PMID: 17584611 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2007.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2007] [Revised: 04/03/2007] [Accepted: 05/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bis-indolylquinones represent a class of fungal natural products that display antiretroviral, antidiabetes, or cytotoxic bioactivities. Recent advances in Aspergillus genomic mining efforts have led to the discovery of the tdiA-E-gene cluster, which is the first genetic locus dedicated to bis-indolylquinone biosynthesis. We have now genetically and biochemically characterized the enzymes TdiA (bis-indolylquinone synthetase) and TdiD (L-tryptophan:phenylpyruvate aminotransferase), which, together, confer biosynthetic abilities for didemethylasterriquinone D to Aspergillus nidulans. This compound is the universal intermediate for all bis-indolylquinones. In this biochemical study of a bis-indolylquinone synthetase and a fungal natural product transaminase, we present a one-pot chemoenzymatic protocol to generate didemethylasterriquinone D in vitro. As TdiA resembles a nonribosomal peptide synthetase, yet catalyzes carbon-carbon-bond formation, we discuss the implications for peptide synthetase chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Schneider
- Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the present study, a series of fungal metabolite products from SanPharma (Dohren, Germany) were tested for effects on human peripheral blood leukocytes in vitro using standard immunologic methods. BACKGROUND Therapeutic strategies used in German biological medicine often include treatment (oral, nasal, rectal, topical, or injection) with fungal or bacterial products, also known as "isopathic remedies," of which some are limited to metabolic products, whereas others include microbial cell lysates and cell wall fragments as well. The SanPharma products are based on metabolites, and do not contain microbial cell wall compounds. METHODS Activation of natural killer (NK) cells was evaluated by cell surface immunostaining using CD3, CD56, CD69, and CD25 monoclonal antibodies. Production of interferon-gamma was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) on supernatants collected after 5 days' culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Direct mitogenic effect was assessed using the lipophilic membrane dye PHK26 (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) in a fluorescence-based proliferation assay, in which fluorescence intensity is reduced upon cell divisions. Cell viability upon exposure to fungal metabolites was assessed using propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry. RESULTS All fungal metabolite products specifically induced the expression of the CD69 marker on human CD3-negative, CD56-positive NK cells, but not CD3-positive T cells, in vitro, as shown by the induction of the CD69 marker on up to 50% of NK cells after 18 hours' culture with metabolites. Only one of the five metabolite products, Roqueforti, induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), indicating that nuclear factor-kappaB (NFkappaB)-mediated signaling may not have been involved in the NK activation by the other four products. The Notatum product reduced baseline levels of COX-2, indicating an anti-inflammatory effect. No evidence of toxic or mitogenic effects was found. CONCLUSIONS The fungal metabolite products from SanPharma specifically activate human NK cells in vitro.
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