1
|
Piotrowski A, Koczkowska M, Poplawski AB, Bartoszewski R, Króliczewski J, Mieczkowska A, Gomes A, Crowley MR, Crossman DK, Chen Y, Lao P, Serra E, Llach MC, Castellanos E, Messiaen LM. Targeted massively parallel sequencing of candidate regions on chromosome 22q predisposing to multiple schwannomas: An analysis of 51 individuals in a single-center experience. Hum Mutat 2022; 43:74-84. [PMID: 34747535 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Constitutional LZTR1 or SMARCB1 pathogenic variants (PVs) have been found in ∼86% of familial and ∼40% of sporadic schwannomatosis cases. Hence, we performed massively parallel sequencing of the entire LZTR1, SMARCB1, and NF2 genomic loci in 35 individuals with schwannomas negative for constitutional first-hit PVs in the LZTR1/SMARCB1/NF2 coding sequences; however, with 22q deletion and/or a different NF2 PV in each tumor, including six cases with only one tumor available. Furthermore, we verified whether any other LZTR1/SMARCB1/NF2 (likely) PVs could be found in 16 cases carrying a SMARCB1 constitutional variant in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) c.*17C>T, c.*70C>T, or c.*82C>T. As no additional variants were found, functional studies were performed to clarify the effect of these 3'-UTR variants on the transcript. The 3'-UTR variants c.*17C>T and c.*82C>T showed pathogenicity by negatively affecting the SMARCB1 transcript level. Two novel deep intronic SMARCB1 variants, c.500+883T>G and c.500+887G>A, resulting in out-of-frame missplicing of intron 4, were identified in two unrelated individuals. Further resequencing of the entire repeat-masked genomics sequences of chromosome 22q in individuals negative for PVs in the SMARCB1/LZTR1/NF2 coding- and noncoding regions revealed five potential schwannomatosis-predisposing candidate genes, that is, MYO18B, NEFH, SGSM1, SGSM3, and SBF1, pending further verification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Piotrowski
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Koczkowska
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Andrzej B Poplawski
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Rafał Bartoszewski
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jarosław Króliczewski
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alina Mieczkowska
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alicia Gomes
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Michael R Crowley
- Genomic Core Facility, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - David K Crossman
- Genomic Core Facility, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yunjia Chen
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ping Lao
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Eduard Serra
- Hereditary Cancer Group, Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPPC), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meritxell C Llach
- Hereditary Cancer Group, Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPPC), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Castellanos
- Clinical Genomics Research Group, Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPPC), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical Genomics Unit, Clinical Genetics Service, Northern Metropolitan Clinical Laboratory, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital (HUGTiP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ludwine M Messiaen
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hashemi M, Bahari G, Bizhani F, Danesh H, Sarhadi S, Ziaee SAM, Basiri A, Narouie B, Taheri M, Ghavami S. Evaluation of 4‐bp insertion/deletion polymorphism within the 3′UTR of SGSM3 in bladder cancer using mismatch PCR‐RFLP method: A preliminary report. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:6566-6574. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hashemi
- Department of Clinical BiochemistrySchool of MedicineZahedan University of Medical SciencesZahedanIran
| | - Gholamreza Bahari
- Department of Clinical BiochemistrySchool of MedicineZahedan University of Medical SciencesZahedanIran
| | - Fatemeh Bizhani
- Department of Clinical BiochemistrySchool of MedicineZahedan University of Medical SciencesZahedanIran
| | - Hiva Danesh
- Department of Clinical BiochemistrySchool of MedicineZahedan University of Medical SciencesZahedanIran
| | - Shamim Sarhadi
- Faculty of Advanced Medical SciencesDepartment of Medical BiotechnologyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Seyed Amir Mohsen Ziaee
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center; Department of UrologyShahid Labbafinejad Medical CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Abbas Basiri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center; Department of UrologyShahid Labbafinejad Medical CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Behzad Narouie
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center; Department of UrologyShahid Labbafinejad Medical CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mohsen Taheri
- Department of Genetics, School of MedicineZahedan University of Medical SciencesZahedanIran
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell ScienceMax Rady College of MedicineRady Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegMBCanada
- Health Policy Research CenterInstitute of HealthShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Marques D, Ferreira-Costa LR, Ferreira-Costa LL, Correa RDS, Borges AMP, Ito FR, Ramos CCDO, Bortolin RH, Luchessi AD, Ribeiro-dos-Santos Â, Santos S, Silbiger VN. Association of insertion-deletions polymorphisms with colorectal cancer risk and clinical features. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:6854-6867. [PMID: 29085228 PMCID: PMC5645618 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i37.6854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the association between 16 insertion-deletions (INDEL) polymorphisms, colorectal cancer (CRC) risk and clinical features in an admixed population.
METHODS One hundred and forty patients with CRC and 140 cancer-free subjects were examined. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples. Polymorphisms and genomic ancestry distribution were assayed by Multiplex-PCR reaction, separated by capillary electrophoresis on the ABI 3130 Genetic Analyzer instrument and analyzed on GeneMapper ID v3.2. Clinicopathological data were obtained by consulting the patients’ clinical charts, intra-operative documentation, and pathology scoring.
RESULTS Logistic regression analysis showed that polymorphism variations in IL4 gene was associated with increased CRC risk, while TYMS and UCP2 genes were associated with decreased risk. Reference to anatomical localization of tumor Del allele of NFKB1 and CASP8 were associated with more colon related incidents than rectosigmoid. In relation to the INDEL association with tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage risk, the Ins alleles of ACE, HLAG and TP53 (6 bp INDEL) were associated with higher TNM stage. Furthermore, regarding INDEL association with relapse risk, the Ins alleles of ACE, HLAG, and UGT1A1 were associated with early relapse risk, as well as the Del allele of TYMS. Regarding INDEL association with death risk before 10 years, the Ins allele of SGSM3 and UGT1A1 were associated with death risk.
CONCLUSION The INDEL variations in ACE, UCP2, TYMS, IL4, NFKB1, CASP8, TP53, HLAG, UGT1A1, and SGSM3 were associated with CRC risk and clinical features in an admixed population. These data suggest that this cancer panel might be useful as a complementary tool for better clinical management, and more studies need to be conducted to confirm these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Marques
- Laboratório de Bioanálise e Biotecnologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66055-080, Pará, Brazil
| | - Layse Raynara Ferreira-Costa
- Laboratório de Bioanálise e Biotecnologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Lorenna Larissa Ferreira-Costa
- Laboratório de Bioanálise e Biotecnologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Romualdo da Silva Correa
- Departamento de Cirurgia Oncológica, Liga Norte Riograndense Contra o Câncer, Natal 59040-000, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Aline Maciel Pinheiro Borges
- Departamento de Cirurgia Oncológica, Liga Norte Riograndense Contra o Câncer, Natal 59040-000, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ribeiro Ito
- Departamento de Cirurgia Oncológica, Liga Norte Riograndense Contra o Câncer, Natal 59040-000, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Carlos Cesar de Oliveira Ramos
- Laboratório de Patologia e Citopatologia, Liga Norte Riograndense Contra o Câncer, Natal 59040-000, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Raul Hernandes Bortolin
- Laboratório de Bioanálise e Biotecnologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - André Ducati Luchessi
- Laboratório de Bioanálise e Biotecnologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Ândrea Ribeiro-dos-Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66055-080, Pará, Brazil
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, Pará, Brazil
| | - Sidney Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66055-080, Pará, Brazil
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, Pará, Brazil
| | - Vivian Nogueira Silbiger
- Laboratório de Bioanálise e Biotecnologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mariapun S, Ho WK, Kang PCE, Li J, Lindström S, Yip CH, Teo SH. Variants in 6q25.1 Are Associated with Mammographic Density in Malaysian Chinese Women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015; 25:327-33. [PMID: 26677210 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-0746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammographic density is an established risk factor for breast cancer and has a strong heritable component. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for mammographic density conducted in women of European descent have identified several genetic associations, but none of the studies have been tested in Asians. We sought to investigate whether these genetic loci, and loci associated with breast cancer risk and breast size, are associated with mammographic density in an Asian cohort. METHODS We conducted genotyping by mass spectrometry in 1,189 women (865 Chinese, 187 Indian, and 137 Malay). Quantitative measurements of mammographic density were performed using ImageJ, a fully automated thresholding technique. The associations of SNPs to densities were analyzed using linear regression models. RESULTS We successfully evaluated the associations of 36 SNPs with mammographic densities. After adjusting for age, body mass index, parity, and menopausal status, we found that in our cohort of 865 Malaysian Chinese, three SNPs in the 6q25.1 region near ESR1 (rs2046210, rs12173570, and rs10484919) that were associated with mammographic density, breast cancer risk, or breast size in previous GWAS were significantly associated with both percentage density and absolute dense area. We could not replicate the most significant association found previously in European women (rs10995190, ZNF365 gene) because the minor allele was absent for Asian women. CONCLUSION We found that the directions of genetic associations were similar to those reported in Caucasian women. IMPACT Our results show that even in Asian women with lower population risk to breast cancer, there is shared heritability between mammographic density and breast cancer risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shivaani Mariapun
- Cancer Research Malaysia (formerly known as Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation), Subang Jaya Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia. Breast Cancer Research Group, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Weang Kee Ho
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Peter Choon Eng Kang
- Cancer Research Malaysia (formerly known as Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation), Subang Jaya Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jingmei Li
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Lindström
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Soo Hwang Teo
- Cancer Research Malaysia (formerly known as Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation), Subang Jaya Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia. Breast Cancer Research Group, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Association between an insertion/deletion polymorphism within 3'UTR of SGSM3 and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:295-301. [PMID: 23918301 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary hepatic malignancy, and multiple host genetic factors are believed to contribute to HCC development. The small G protein signaling modulator 3 (SGSM3) has been shown to be associated with small G protein coupled receptor signal transduction pathway, suggesting a potential role in HCC susceptibility. We carried out a case-control study in a Chinese population (502 cases and 513 controls) to determine whether the 4-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism (rs56228771) in 3' untranslated region of SGSM3 could affect HCC susceptibility. Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the del/del genotype, the ins/del genotype of rs56228771 was associated with a significantly decreased risk of HCC [adjusted odd ratio = 0.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.42-0.73, P = 1.93 × 10(-5)]. The combined ins/del + ins/ins genotypes contributed to a 45% decreased HCC risk (95% CI = 0.42-0.73, P = 1.03 × 10(-5)). This protective trend was more prominent in the HBsAg-negative subgroup. Furthermore, in vivo experiments showed that mRNA levels of SGSM3 from HCC tumor tissues and adjacent non-HCC tissues were correlated with rs56228771 genotypes. Tissue samples with ins/ins genotype have the highest level of SGSM3, which are 2.85-3.00-fold and 1.46-1.57-fold higher than that with ins/del and del/del genotype, respectively. Similar results were also observed with four common hepatoma cell lines in vitro. In addition, compared with HCC tissues, significantly higher SGSM3 expression was observed in adjacent non-HCC tissues (fold change = 2.48), implying its tumor suppressor roles in HCC. Bioinformatics prediction showed that the insertion allele disrupted a binding site for microRNA (miRNA)-151-5p, which would upregulate SGSM3. Taken together, we provided initial evidence that rs56228771 may contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis, possibly by affecting SGSM3 expression through a miRNA-mediated regulation. The replication of our studies in other populations and functional analysis will further strengthen the underlining mechanism.
Collapse
|
6
|
MacDonald JIS, Dietrich A, Gamble S, Hryciw T, Grant RI, Meakin SO. Nesca, a novel neuronal adapter protein, links the molecular motor kinesin with the pre-synaptic membrane protein, syntaxin-1, in hippocampal neurons. J Neurochem 2012; 121:861-80. [PMID: 22404429 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07729.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Vesicular transport in neurons plays a vital role in neuronal function and survival. Nesca is a novel protein that we previously identified and herein describe its pattern of expression, subcellular localization and protein-protein interactions both in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, a large proportion of Nesca is in tight association with both actin and microtubule cytoskeletal proteins. Nesca binds to F-actin, microtubules, βIII and acetylated α-tubulin, but not neurofilaments or the actin-binding protein drebrin, in in vitro-binding assays. Nesca co-immunoprecipitates with kinesin heavy chain (KIF5B) and kinesin light-chain motors as well as with the synaptic membrane precursor protein, syntaxin-1, and is a constituent of the post-synaptic density. Moreover, in vitro-binding assays indicate that Nesca directly binds KIF5B, kinesin light-chain and syntaxin-1. In contrast, Nesca does not co-immunoprecipitate with the kinesin motors KIF1B, KIF3A nor does it bind syntaxin-4 or the synaptosome-associated protein 25 kDa (SNAP-25) in vitro. Nesca expression in neurons is highly punctuate, co-stains with syntaxin-1, and is found in fractions containing markers of early endosomes and Golgi suggesting that it is involved in vesicular transport. Collectively, these data suggest that Nesca functions as an adapter involved in neuronal vesicular transport including vesicles containing soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptors that are essential to exocytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James I S MacDonald
- Laboratory of Neural Signaling, Molecular Brain Research Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yoshida H, Kitagishi Y, Okumura N, Murakami M, Nishimura Y, Matsuda S. How do you RUN on? FEBS Lett 2011; 585:1707-10. [PMID: 21570977 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
RUN domain is present in several proteins related to the functions of Rap and Rab family GTPases. Accumulating evidence supports the hypothesis that RUN domain-containing proteins act as a component of vesicle traffic and might be responsible for an interaction with a filamentous network linked to actin cytoskeleton or microtubules. That is to say, on one hand, RUN domains associate with Rab or Rap family proteins, on the other hand, they also might interact with motor proteins such as kinesin or myosin via intervention molecules. In this review, we summarize the background and current status of RUN domain research with an emphasis on the interaction between RUN domain and motor proteins with respect to the vesicle traffic on filamentous network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Yoshida
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Scoles DR. The merlin interacting proteins reveal multiple targets for NF2 therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2007; 1785:32-54. [PMID: 17980164 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2007.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2007] [Revised: 09/29/2007] [Accepted: 10/03/2007] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) tumor suppressor protein merlin is commonly mutated in human benign brain tumors. The gene altered in NF2 was located on human chromosome 22q12 in 1993 and the encoded protein named merlin and schwannomin. Merlin has homology to ERM family proteins, ezrin, radixin, and moesin, within the protein 4.1 superfamily. In efforts to determine merlin function several groups have discovered 34 merlin interacting proteins, including ezrin, radixin, moesin, CD44, layilin, paxillin, actin, N-WASP, betaII-spectrin, microtubules, TRBP, eIF3c, PIKE, NHERF, MAP, RalGDS, RhoGDI, EG1/magicin, HEI10, HRS, syntenin, caspr/paranodin, DCC, NGB, CRM1/exportin, SCHIP1, MYPT-1-PP1delta, RIbeta, PKA, PAK (three types), calpain and Drosophila expanded. Many of the proteins that interact with the merlin N-terminal domain also bind ezrin, while other merlin interacting proteins do not bind other members of the ERM family. Merlin also interacts with itself. This review describes these proteins, their possible roles in NF2, and the resultant hypothesized merlin functions. Review of all of the merlin interacting proteins and functional consequences of losses of these interactions reveals multiple merlin actions in PI3-kinase, MAP kinase and small GTPase signaling pathways that might be targeted to inhibit the proliferation of NF2 tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Scoles
- Women's Cancer Research Institute, CSMC Burns and Allen Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Okada T, You L, Giancotti FG. Shedding light on Merlin's wizardry. Trends Cell Biol 2007; 17:222-9. [PMID: 17442573 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2007.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2006] [Revised: 02/14/2007] [Accepted: 03/23/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Inactivation of the tumor suppressor Merlin, encoded by the NF2 (Neurofibromatosis type 2) gene, contributes to malignant conversion in many cell types. Merlin is an Ezrin-Radixin-Moesin protein and localizes underneath the plasma membrane at cell-cell junctions and other actin-rich sites. Recent studies indicate that Merlin mediates contact inhibition of proliferation by blocking recruitment of Rac to the plasma membrane. In mitogen-stimulated cells, p21-activated kinase phosphorylates Ser518 in the C-terminus of Merlin, inactivating the growth suppressive function of the protein. Furthermore, the myosin phosphatase MYPT1-PP1delta, has been identified as a direct activator of Merlin and its inhibition has been linked to malignant transformation. Finally, studies in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster have revealed that Merlin functions together with the band 4.1 protein Expanded to promote [corrected] the endocytosis of many signaling receptors, limiting [corrected] their accumulation at the plasma membrane, and to activate [corrected] the Hippo signaling pathway. Here, we review these recent findings and their relevance to the tumor suppressor function of Merlin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyo Okada
- Cell Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ichioka F, Horii M, Katoh K, Terasawa Y, Shibata H, Maki M. Identification of Rab GTPase-activating protein-like protein (RabGAPLP) as a novel Alix/AIP1-interacting protein. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2005; 69:861-5. [PMID: 15849434 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.69.861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Alix/AIP1 is a multifunctional adaptor protein involved in endocytosis, cell adhesion, and cell death. By yeast two-hybrid screening we identified a novel Alix/AIP1-interacting protein named Rab GTPase-activating protein-like protein (RabGAPLP). Interaction between Alix and RabGAPLP was confirmed by pull-down assays using fusion proteins of either glutathione-S-transferase (GST) or chitin-binding domain (CBD) and lysates of cultured mammalian cells expressing the respective proteins. Partial colocalization of FLAG-tagged RabGAPLP and green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fused Alix was observed at cell edges and filopodia-like structures by fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopic analysis. The identity of RabGAPLP to merlin-associated protein (MAP), one of the interacting partners of neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) tumor suppressor gene product (merlin), implies cross-talk of membrane traffic and cell adhesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumitaka Ichioka
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ryu CH, Kim SW, Lee KH, Lee JY, Kim H, Lee WK, Choi BH, Lim Y, Kim YH, Lee KH, Hwang TK, Jun TY, Rha HK. The merlin tumor suppressor interacts with Ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator and inhibits its activity. Oncogene 2005; 24:5355-64. [PMID: 16007223 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is the most commonly mutated gene in benign tumors of the human nervous system such as schwannomas and meningiomas. The NF2 gene encodes a protein called schwannomin or merlin, which is involved in regulating cell growth and proliferation through protein-protein interactions with various cellular proteins. In order to better understand the mechanism by which merlin exerts its function, yeast two-hybrid screening was performed and Ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator (RalGDS), a downstream molecule of Ras, was identified as a merlin-binding protein. The direct interaction between merlin and RalGDS was confirmed both in vitro and in the NIH3T3 cells. The domain analyses revealed that the broad C-terminal region of merlin (aa 141-595) is necessary for the interaction with the C-terminal Ras-binding domain (RBD) of RalGDS. Functional studies showed that merlin inhibits the RalGDS-induced RalA activation, the colony formation and the cell migration in mammalian cells. These results suggest that merlin can function as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting the RalGDS-mediated oncogenic signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chung Hun Ryu
- Catholic Neuroscience Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Haas AK, Fuchs E, Kopajtich R, Barr FA. A GTPase-activating protein controls Rab5 function in endocytic trafficking. Nat Cell Biol 2005; 7:887-93. [PMID: 16086013 DOI: 10.1038/ncb1290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2005] [Accepted: 06/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Rab-family GTPases are conserved regulators of membrane trafficking that cycle between inactive GDP-bound and activated GTP-bound states. A key determinant of Rab function is the lifetime of the GTP-bound state. As Rabs have a low intrinsic rate of GTP hydrolysis, this process is under the control of GTP-hydrolysis-activating proteins (GAPs). Due to the large number of Rabs and GAPs that are encoded by the human genome, it has proven difficult to assign specific functional relationships to these proteins. Here, we identify a Rab5-specific GAP (RabGAP-5), and show that RN-Tre (previously described as a Rab5 GAP) acts on Rab41. RabGAP-5 overexpression triggers a loss of the Rab5 effector EEA1 from endosomes and blocks endocytic trafficking. By contrast, depletion of RabGAP-5 results in increased endosome size, more endosome-associated EEA1, and disrupts the trafficking of EGF and LAMP1. RabGAP-5 therefore limits the amount of activated Rab5, and thereby regulates trafficking through endosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K Haas
- Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|