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Bhalerao N, Chakraborty A, Marciel MP, Hwang J, Britain CM, Silva AD, Eltoum IE, Jones RB, Alexander KL, Smythies LE, Smith PD, Crossman DK, Crowley MR, Shin B, Harrington LE, Yan Z, Bethea MM, Hunter CS, Klug CA, Buchsbaum DJ, Bellis SL. ST6GAL1 sialyltransferase promotes acinar to ductal metaplasia and pancreatic cancer progression. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e161563. [PMID: 37643018 PMCID: PMC10619436 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.161563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of aberrant glycosylation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains an under-investigated area of research. In this study, we determined that ST6 β-galactoside α2,6 sialyltransferase 1 (ST6GAL1), which adds α2,6-linked sialic acids to N-glycosylated proteins, was upregulated in patients with early-stage PDAC and was further increased in advanced disease. A tumor-promoting function for ST6GAL1 was elucidated using tumor xenograft experiments with human PDAC cells. Additionally, we developed a genetically engineered mouse (GEM) model with transgenic expression of ST6GAL1 in the pancreas and found that mice with dual expression of ST6GAL1 and oncogenic KRASG12D had greatly accelerated PDAC progression compared with mice expressing KRASG12D alone. As ST6GAL1 imparts progenitor-like characteristics, we interrogated ST6GAL1's role in acinar to ductal metaplasia (ADM), a process that fosters neoplasia by reprogramming acinar cells into ductal, progenitor-like cells. We verified ST6GAL1 promotes ADM using multiple models including the 266-6 cell line, GEM-derived organoids and tissues, and an in vivo model of inflammation-induced ADM. EGFR is a key driver of ADM and is known to be activated by ST6GAL1-mediated sialylation. Importantly, EGFR activation was dramatically increased in acinar cells and organoids from mice with transgenic ST6GAL1 expression. These collective results highlight a glycosylation-dependent mechanism involved in early stages of pancreatic neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jihye Hwang
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Boyoung Shin
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology
| | | | - Zhaoqi Yan
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology
| | | | | | | | - Donald J. Buchsbaum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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2
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Yashchenko A, Bland SJ, Song CJ, Ahmed UKB, Sharp R, Darby IG, Cordova AM, Smith ME, Lever JM, Li Z, Aloria EJ, Khan S, Maryam B, Liu S, Crowley MR, Jones KL, Zenewicz LA, George JF, Mrug M, Crossman DK, Hopp K, Stavrakis S, Humphrey MB, Ginhoux F, Zimmerman KA. Cx3cr1 controls kidney resident macrophage heterogeneity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1082078. [PMID: 37256130 PMCID: PMC10225589 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1082078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney macrophages are comprised of both monocyte-derived and tissue resident populations; however, the heterogeneity of kidney macrophages and factors that regulate their heterogeneity are poorly understood. Herein, we performed single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq), fate mapping, and parabiosis to define the cellular heterogeneity of kidney macrophages in healthy mice. Our data indicate that healthy mouse kidneys contain four major subsets of monocytes and two major subsets of kidney resident macrophages (KRM) including a population with enriched Ccr2 expression, suggesting monocyte origin. Surprisingly, fate mapping data using the newly developed Ms4a3Cre Rosa Stopf/f TdT model indicate that less than 50% of Ccr2+ KRM are derived from Ly6chi monocytes. Instead, we find that Ccr2 expression in KRM reflects their spatial distribution as this cell population is almost exclusively found in the kidney cortex. We also identified Cx3cr1 as a gene that governs cortex specific accumulation of Ccr2+ KRM and show that loss of Ccr2+ KRM reduces the severity of cystic kidney disease in a mouse model where cysts are mainly localized to the kidney cortex. Collectively, our data indicate that Cx3cr1 regulates KRM heterogeneity and niche-specific disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Yashchenko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Sarah J. Bland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Cheng J. Song
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ummey Khalecha Bintha Ahmed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Rachel Sharp
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Isabella G. Darby
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Audrey M. Cordova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Morgan E. Smith
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Jeremie M. Lever
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Zhang Li
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ernald J. Aloria
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Shuja Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Bibi Maryam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Shanrun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Michael R. Crowley
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Kenneth L. Jones
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Lauren A. Zenewicz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - James F. George
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Michal Mrug
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - David K. Crossman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Katharina Hopp
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Polycystic Kidney Disease Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Stavros Stavrakis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Mary B. Humphrey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kurt A. Zimmerman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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3
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Arora I, Li S, Crowley MR, Li Y, Tollefsbol TO. Genome-Wide Analysis on Transcriptome and Methylome in Prevention of Mammary Tumor Induced by Early Life Combined Botanicals. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010014. [PMID: 36611809 PMCID: PMC9818885 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer death among women in the United States. The consumption of natural dietary components such as broccoli sprouts (BSp) and green tea polyphenols (GTPs) has demonstrated exciting potential in reducing the risk of BC through the regulation of epigenetic mechanisms. However, little is known about their impacts on reversing epigenomic aberrations that are centrally involved in the initiation and progression of BC. Previously, we have determined the efficacy of combined BSp and GTPs treatment on the inhibition of the growth of a mammary tumor in a transgenic Her2/neu mouse model. We sought to extend our previous study to identify universal biomarkers that represent common mechanistic changes among different mouse models in response to this dietary regime by including a new transgenic mouse model, C3(1)-SV40 TAg (SV40). As a result, we identified novel target genes that were differentially expressed and methylated in response to dietary botanicals when administered singly (BSp and GTPs) and in combination (BSp + GTPs) in both mouse models. We discovered more differentially expressed and methylated genes in the combination treatment group compared to the singly administered groups. Subsequently, several biological pathways related to epigenetic regulations were identified in response to the combination treatment. Furthermore, when compared to the BSp and GTPs treatment alone, the combinatorial treatment showed a more significant impact on the regulation of the epigenetic modifier activities involved in DNA methylation and histone modifications. Our study provides key insights about the impact of the combined administration of BSp and GTPs on BC using a multi-omics analysis, suggesting a combinatorial approach is more efficacious in preventing and inhibiting BC by impacting key tumor-related genes at transcriptomic and methylomic levels. Our findings could be further extrapolated as a comprehensive source for understanding the epigenetic modifications that are associated with the effects of these dietary botanicals on BC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itika Arora
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Shizhao Li
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Michael R. Crowley
- Heflin Center for Genomic Science, Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (T.O.T.)
| | - Trygve O. Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Integrative Center for Aging Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (T.O.T.)
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Piotrowski A, Koczkowska M, Poplawski AB, Bartoszewski R, Króliczewski J, Mieczkowska A, Gomes A, Crowley MR, Crossman DK, Chen Y, Lao P, Serra E, Llach MC, Castellanos E, Messiaen LM. Targeted massively parallel sequencing of candidate regions on chromosome 22q predisposing to multiple schwannomas: An analysis of 51 individuals in a single-center experience. Hum Mutat 2022; 43:74-84. [PMID: 34747535 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Constitutional LZTR1 or SMARCB1 pathogenic variants (PVs) have been found in ∼86% of familial and ∼40% of sporadic schwannomatosis cases. Hence, we performed massively parallel sequencing of the entire LZTR1, SMARCB1, and NF2 genomic loci in 35 individuals with schwannomas negative for constitutional first-hit PVs in the LZTR1/SMARCB1/NF2 coding sequences; however, with 22q deletion and/or a different NF2 PV in each tumor, including six cases with only one tumor available. Furthermore, we verified whether any other LZTR1/SMARCB1/NF2 (likely) PVs could be found in 16 cases carrying a SMARCB1 constitutional variant in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) c.*17C>T, c.*70C>T, or c.*82C>T. As no additional variants were found, functional studies were performed to clarify the effect of these 3'-UTR variants on the transcript. The 3'-UTR variants c.*17C>T and c.*82C>T showed pathogenicity by negatively affecting the SMARCB1 transcript level. Two novel deep intronic SMARCB1 variants, c.500+883T>G and c.500+887G>A, resulting in out-of-frame missplicing of intron 4, were identified in two unrelated individuals. Further resequencing of the entire repeat-masked genomics sequences of chromosome 22q in individuals negative for PVs in the SMARCB1/LZTR1/NF2 coding- and noncoding regions revealed five potential schwannomatosis-predisposing candidate genes, that is, MYO18B, NEFH, SGSM1, SGSM3, and SBF1, pending further verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Piotrowski
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Koczkowska
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Andrzej B Poplawski
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Rafał Bartoszewski
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jarosław Króliczewski
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alina Mieczkowska
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alicia Gomes
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Michael R Crowley
- Genomic Core Facility, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - David K Crossman
- Genomic Core Facility, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yunjia Chen
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ping Lao
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Eduard Serra
- Hereditary Cancer Group, Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPPC), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meritxell C Llach
- Hereditary Cancer Group, Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPPC), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Castellanos
- Clinical Genomics Research Group, Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPPC), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical Genomics Unit, Clinical Genetics Service, Northern Metropolitan Clinical Laboratory, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital (HUGTiP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ludwine M Messiaen
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Sharma M, Arora I, Chen M, Wu H, Crowley MR, Tollefsbol TO, Li Y. Therapeutic Effects of Dietary Soybean Genistein on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer via Regulation of Epigenetic Mechanisms. Nutrients 2021; 13:3944. [PMID: 34836197 PMCID: PMC8623013 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of dietary natural components such as genistein (GE) found in soy-rich sources is strongly associated with a lower risk of breast cancer. However, bioactive dietary component-based therapeutic strategies are largely understudied in breast cancer treatment. Our investigation sought to elucidate the potential mechanisms linking bioactive dietary GE to its breast cancer chemotherapeutic potential in a special subtype of aggressive breast cancer-triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)-by utilizing two preclinical patient-derived xenograft (PDX) orthotopic mouse models: BCM-3204 and TM00091. Our study revealed that administration of GE resulted in a delay of tumor growth in both PDX models. With transcriptomics analyses in TNBC tumors isolated from BCM-3204 PDXs, we found that dietary soybean GE significantly influenced multiple tumor-regulated gene expressions. Further validation assessment of six candidate differentially expressed genes (DEGs)-Cd74, Lpl, Ifi44, Fzd9, Sat1 and Wwc1-demonstrated a similar trend at gene transcriptional and protein levels as observed in RNA-sequencing results. Mechanistically, GE treatment-induced Cd74 downregulation regulated the NF-κB/Bcl-xL/TAp63 signal pathway, which may contribute to soybean GE-mediated therapeutic effects on TNBC tumors. Additionally, our findings revealed that GE can modify expression levels of key epigenetic-associated genes such as DNA methyltransferases (Dnmt3b), ten-eleven translocation (Tet3) methylcytosine dioxygenases and histone deacetyltransferase (Hdac2), and their enzymatic activities as well as genomic DNA methylation and histone methylation (H3K9) levels. Collectively, our investigation shows high significance for potential development of a novel therapeutic approach by using bioactive soybean GE for TNBC patients who have few treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manvi Sharma
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (M.S.); (I.A.); (H.W.)
| | - Itika Arora
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (M.S.); (I.A.); (H.W.)
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Huixin Wu
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (M.S.); (I.A.); (H.W.)
| | - Michael R. Crowley
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Trygve O. Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (M.S.); (I.A.); (H.W.)
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Integrative Center for Aging Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Women’s Heath, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Shiliaev N, Lukash T, Palchevska O, Crossman DK, Green TJ, Crowley MR, Frolova EI, Frolov I. Natural isolate and recombinant SARS-CoV-2 rapidly evolve in vitro to higher infectivity through more efficient binding to heparan sulfate and reduced S1/S2 cleavage. bioRxiv 2021. [PMID: 34230926 DOI: 10.1101/2021.06.28.450274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
One of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virulence factors is the ability to interact with high affinity to the ACE2 receptor, which mediates viral entry into cells. The results of our study demonstrate that within a few passages in cell culture, both the natural isolate of SARS-CoV-2 and the recombinant, cDNA-derived variant acquire an additional ability to bind to heparan sulfate (HS). This promotes a primary attachment of viral particles to cells before their further interactions with the ACE2. Interaction with HS is acquired through multiple mechanisms. These include i) accumulation of point mutations in the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the S protein, which increase the positive charge of the surface of this domain, ii) insertions into NTD of heterologous peptides, containing positively charged amino acids, and iii) mutation of the first amino acid downstream of the furin cleavage site. This last mutation affects S protein processing, transforms the unprocessed furin cleavage site into the heparin-binding peptide and makes viruses less capable of syncytia formation. These viral adaptations result in higher affinity of viral particles to heparin sepharose, dramatic increase in plaque sizes, more efficient viral spread, higher infectious titers and two orders of magnitude lower GE:PFU ratios. The detected adaptations also suggest an active role of NTD in virus attachment and entry. As in the case of other RNA+ viruses, evolution to HS binding may result in virus attenuation in vivo . IMPORTANCE The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is a major determinant of viral pathogenesis. It mediates binding to ACE2 receptor and later, fusion of viral envelope and cellular membranes. The results of our study demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 rapidly evolves during propagation in cultured cells. Its spike protein acquires mutations in the N-terminal domain (NTD) and in P1‘ position of the furin cleavage site (FCS). The amino acid substitutions or insertions of short peptides in NTD are closely located on the protein surface and increase its positive charge. They strongly increase affinity of the virus to heparan sulfate, make it dramatically more infectious for the cultured cells and decrease GE:PFU ratio by orders of magnitude. The S686G mutation also transforms the FCS into the heparin-binding peptide. Thus, the evolved SARS-CoV-2 variants efficiently use glycosaminoglycans on the cell surface for primary attachment before the high affinity interaction of the spikes with the ACE2 receptor.
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Piyathilake CJ, Kumar R, Crowley MR, Badiga S, Burkholder GA. Human papillomavirus sequencing reveals its usefulness for the management of HIV-infected women at risk for developing cervical cancer. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2021; 47:2185-2195. [PMID: 33754434 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is able to describe the composition of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) as percent (%) reads rather than positive/negative results. Therefore, we used this unique approach to assess the prevalence of cervical HPVs of HIV infected (HIV+) in order to understand the determinants of being infected with higher % reads of high risk (HR)-HPVs and cervical abnormalities of atypical squamous cells of unknown significance or higher (ASCUS+). METHODS Study included 66 women characterized for relevant risk factors/cytology. Receiver-operating curve curve was used to derive the optimal % read cut point to identify ASCUS+ in relation to any HR-HPV genotype or other specific HPV genotypes. The determinants of ASCUS+ and HR-HPVs were tested using logistic regression. RESULTS Women with >20% reads of any HR-HPV or >12% any HR-HPV other than HPV 16/18 were 5.7 and 12.6 times more likely to be diagnosed with ASCUS+, respectively. Lower CD4 count was a significant determinant of >20% reads of HR-HPV (odds ratio [OR] = 4.1) or >12% any HR-HPV other than HPV 16/18 (OR = 4.5). CONCLUSION We envision that the NGS-based HPV detection will be more accurate for screening and management of HIV+ at risk for developing cervical cancer (CC). We raise concerns regarding the limitations of 16/18-based HPV testing for triage and the efficacy of current HPV vaccines for preventing CC in HIV+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrika J Piyathilake
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ranjit Kumar
- UAB Center for Clinical & Translational Science, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Michael R Crowley
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Suguna Badiga
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Greer A Burkholder
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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8
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Filippova N, Yang X, Ananthan S, Calano J, Pathak V, Bratton L, Vekariya RH, Zhang S, Ofori E, Hayward EN, Namkoong D, Crossman DK, Crowley MR, King PH, Mobley J, Nabors LB. Targeting the HuR Oncogenic Role with a New Class of Cytoplasmic Dimerization Inhibitors. Cancer Res 2021; 81:2220-2233. [PMID: 33602784 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel therapeutics that exploit alterations in the activation state of key cellular signaling pathways due to mutations in upstream regulators has generated the field of personalized medicine. These first-generation efforts have focused on actionable mutations identified by deep sequencing of large numbers of tumor samples. We propose that a second-generation opportunity exists by exploiting key downstream "nodes of control" that contribute to oncogenesis and are inappropriately activated due to loss of upstream regulation and microenvironmental influences. The RNA-binding protein HuR represents such a node. Because HuR functionality in cancer cells is dependent on HuR dimerization and its nuclear/cytoplasmic shuttling, we developed a new class of molecules targeting HuR protein dimerization. A structure-activity relationship algorithm enabled development of inhibitors of HuR multimer formation that were soluble, had micromolar activity, and penetrated the blood-brain barrier. These inhibitors were evaluated for activity validation and specificity in a robust cell-based assay of HuR dimerization. SRI-42127, a molecule that met these criteria, inhibited HuR multimer formation across primary patient-derived glioblastoma xenolines (PDGx), leading to arrest of proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of colony formation. SRI-42127 had favorable attributes with central nervous system penetration and inhibited tumor growth in mouse models. RNA and protein analysis of SRI-42127-treated PDGx xenolines across glioblastoma molecular subtypes confirmed attenuation of targets upregulated by HuR. These results highlight how focusing on key attributes of HuR that contribute to cancer progression, namely cytoplasmic localization and multimerization, has led to the development of a novel, highly effective inhibitor. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings utilize a cell-based mechanism of action assay with a structure-activity relationship compound development pathway to discover inhibitors that target HuR dimerization, a mechanism required for cancer promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Filippova
- Division of Neuro-oncology, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Xiuhua Yang
- Division of Neuro-oncology, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Subramaniam Ananthan
- Drug Discovery Division, Chemistry Department, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jennifer Calano
- Division of Neuro-oncology, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Vibha Pathak
- Drug Discovery Division, Chemistry Department, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Larry Bratton
- Drug Discovery Division, Chemistry Department, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Rakesh H Vekariya
- Drug Discovery Division, Chemistry Department, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sixue Zhang
- Drug Discovery Division, Chemistry Department, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Edward Ofori
- Drug Discovery Division, Chemistry Department, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Emily N Hayward
- Division of Neuro-oncology, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - David Namkoong
- Division of Neuro-oncology, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - David K Crossman
- Department of Genetics, UAB Genomics Core, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Michael R Crowley
- Department of Genetics, UAB Genomics Core, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Peter H King
- Department of Neurology, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - James Mobley
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center MS/Proteomics Shared Facility, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Louis B Nabors
- Division of Neuro-oncology, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
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9
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Dees KJ, Koo H, Humphreys JF, Hakim JA, Crossman DK, Crowley MR, Nabors LB, Benveniste EN, Morrow CD, McFarland BC. Human gut microbial communities dictate efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy in a humanized microbiome mouse model of glioma. Neurooncol Adv 2021; 3:vdab023. [PMID: 33758825 PMCID: PMC7967908 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although immunotherapy works well in glioblastoma (GBM) preclinical mouse models, the therapy has not demonstrated efficacy in humans. To address this anomaly, we developed a novel humanized microbiome (HuM) model to study the response to immunotherapy in a preclinical mouse model of GBM. Methods We used 5 healthy human donors for fecal transplantation of gnotobiotic mice. After the transplanted microbiomes stabilized, the mice were bred to generate 5 independent humanized mouse lines (HuM1-HuM5). Results Analysis of shotgun metagenomic sequencing data from fecal samples revealed a unique microbiome with significant differences in diversity and microbial composition among HuM1-HuM5 lines. All HuM mouse lines were susceptible to GBM transplantation, and exhibited similar median survival ranging from 19 to 26 days. Interestingly, we found that HuM lines responded differently to the immune checkpoint inhibitor anti-PD-1. Specifically, we demonstrate that HuM1, HuM4, and HuM5 mice are nonresponders to anti-PD-1, while HuM2 and HuM3 mice are responsive to anti-PD-1 and displayed significantly increased survival compared to isotype controls. Bray-Curtis cluster analysis of the 5 HuM gut microbial communities revealed that responders HuM2 and HuM3 were closely related, and detailed taxonomic comparison analysis revealed that Bacteroides cellulosilyticus was commonly found in HuM2 and HuM3 with high abundances. Conclusions The results of our study establish the utility of humanized microbiome mice as avatars to delineate features of the host interaction with gut microbial communities needed for effective immunotherapy against GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kory J Dees
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Hyunmin Koo
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - J Fraser Humphreys
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Joseph A Hakim
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - David K Crossman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Michael R Crowley
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - L Burton Nabors
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Etty N Benveniste
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Casey D Morrow
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Braden C McFarland
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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10
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Britain CM, Bhalerao N, Silva AD, Chakraborty A, Buchsbaum DJ, Crowley MR, Crossman DK, Edwards YJK, Bellis SL. Glycosyltransferase ST6Gal-I promotes the epithelial to mesenchymal transition in pancreatic cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100034. [PMID: 33148698 PMCID: PMC7949065 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ST6Gal-I, an enzyme upregulated in numerous malignancies, adds α2-6-linked sialic acids to select membrane receptors, thereby modulating receptor signaling and cell phenotype. In this study, we investigated ST6Gal-I's role in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) using the Suit2 pancreatic cancer cell line, which has low endogenous ST6Gal-I and limited metastatic potential, along with two metastatic Suit2-derived subclones, S2-013 and S2-LM7AA, which have upregulated ST6Gal-I. RNA-Seq results suggested that the metastatic subclones had greater activation of EMT-related gene networks than parental Suit2 cells, and forced overexpression of ST6Gal-I in the Suit2 line was sufficient to activate EMT pathways. Accordingly, we evaluated expression of EMT markers and cell invasiveness (a key phenotypic feature of EMT) in Suit2 cells with or without ST6Gal-I overexpression, as well as S2-013 and S2-LM7AA cells with or without ST6Gal-I knockdown. Cells with high ST6Gal-I expression displayed enrichment in mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin, slug, snail, fibronectin) and cell invasiveness, relative to ST6Gal-I-low cells. Contrarily, epithelial markers (E-cadherin, occludin) were suppressed in ST6Gal-I-high cells. To gain mechanistic insight into ST6Gal-I's role in EMT, we examined the activity of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a known EMT driver. ST6Gal-I-high cells had greater α2-6 sialylation and activation of EGFR than ST6Gal-I-low cells. The EGFR inhibitor, erlotinib, neutralized ST6Gal-I-dependent differences in EGFR activation, mesenchymal marker expression, and invasiveness in Suit2 and S2-LM7AA, but not S2-013, lines. Collectively, these results advance our understanding of ST6Gal-I's tumor-promoting function by highlighting a role for ST6Gal-I in EMT, which may be mediated, at least in part, by α2-6-sialylated EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen M Britain
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Nikita Bhalerao
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Austin D Silva
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Asmi Chakraborty
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Donald J Buchsbaum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Michael R Crowley
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - David K Crossman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yvonne J K Edwards
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
| | - Susan L Bellis
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
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11
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Koo H, McFarland BC, Hakim JA, Crossman DK, Crowley MR, Rodriguez JM, Benveniste EN, Morrow CD. An individualized mosaic of maternal microbial strains is transmitted to the infant gut microbial community. R Soc Open Sci 2020; 7:192200. [PMID: 32431894 PMCID: PMC7211887 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.192200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
To understand the origins of the infant gut microbial community, we have used a published metagenomic dataset of the faecal microbiome of mothers and their related infants at early (4, 7 and 21 days) and late times (6-15 months) following birth. Using strain-tracking analysis, individual-specific patterns of microbial strain sharing were found between mothers and infants following vaginal birth. Overall, three mother-infant pairs showed only related strains, while 12 infants of mother-infant pairs contained a mosaic of maternal-related and unrelated microbes. Analysis of a second dataset from nine women taken at different times of pregnancy revealed individual-specific faecal microbial strain variation that occurred in seven women. To model transmission in the absence of environmental microbes, we analysed the microbial strain transmission to F1 progenies of human faecal transplanted gnotobiotic mice bred with gnotobiotic males. Strain-tracking analysis of five different dams and their F1 progeny revealed both related and unrelated microbial strains in the mother's faeces. The results of our analysis demonstrate that multiple strains of maternal microbes, some that are not abundant in the maternal faecal community, can be transmitted during birth to establish a diverse infant gut microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunmin Koo
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Braden C. McFarland
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Joseph A. Hakim
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - David K. Crossman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Michael R. Crowley
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - J. Martin Rodriguez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Etty N. Benveniste
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Casey D. Morrow
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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12
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Cho DY, Skinner D, Lim DJ, Mclemore JG, Koch CG, Zhang S, Swords WE, Hunter R, Crossman DK, Crowley MR, Grayson JW, Rowe SM, Woodworth BA. The impact of Lactococcus lactis (probiotic nasal rinse) co-culture on growth of patient-derived strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2020; 10:444-449. [PMID: 31922358 PMCID: PMC8058912 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Lactococcus strain of bacteria has been introduced as a probiotic nasal rinse for alleged salubrious effects on the sinonasal bacterial microbiome. However, data regarding interactions with pathogenic bacteria within the sinuses are lacking. The purpose of this study is to assess the interaction between L. lactis and patient-derived Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen in recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). METHODS Commercially available probiotic suspension containing L. lactis W136 was grown in an anaerobic chamber and colonies were isolated. Colonies were co-cultured with patient-derived P. aeruginosa strains in the presence of porcine gastric mucin (mimicking human mucus) for 72 hours. P. aeruginosa cultures without L. lactis served as controls. Colony forming units (CFUs) were compared. RESULTS Six P. aeruginosa isolates collected from 5 CRS patients (3 isolates from cystic fibrosis [CF], 1 mucoid strain) and laboratory strain PAO1 were co-cultured with L. lactis. There was no statistical difference in CFUs of 5 P. aeruginosa isolates grown with L. lactis compared to CFUs without presence of L. lactis. CFU counts were much higher when the mucoid strain was co-cultured with L. lactis (CFU+L.lactis = 1.9 × 108 ± 1.44 × 107, CFU-L.lactis = 1.3 × 108 ± 8.9 × 106, p = 0.01, n = 7). L. lactis suppressed the growth of 1 P. aeruginosa strain (CFU+L.lactis = 2.15 × 108 ± 2.9 × 107, CFU-L.lactis = 3.95 × 108 ± 4.8 × 106, p = 0.03, n = 7). CONCLUSION L. lactis suppressed the growth of 1 patient P. aeruginosa isolate and induced growth of another (a mucoid strain) in in vitro co-culture setting in the presence of mucin. Further experiments are required to assess the underlying interactions between L. lactis and P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Yeon Cho
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Daniel Skinner
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Dong Jin Lim
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - John G. Mclemore
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Connor G Koch
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Shaoyan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - William E. Swords
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Ryan Hunter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - David K Crossman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Michael R. Crowley
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Jessica W. Grayson
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Steven M. Rowe
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Department of Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Bradford A. Woodworth
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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13
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Chandrashekar DS, Chakravarthi BVSK, Robinson AD, Anderson JC, Agarwal S, Balasubramanya SAH, Eich ML, Bajpai AK, Davuluri S, Guru MS, Guru AS, Naik G, Della Manna DL, Acharya KK, Carskadon S, Manne U, Crossman DK, Ferguson JE, Grizzle WE, Palanisamy N, Willey CD, Crowley MR, Netto GJ, Yang ES, Varambally S, Sonpavde G. Therapeutically actionable PAK4 is amplified, overexpressed, and involved in bladder cancer progression. Oncogene 2020; 39:4077-4091. [PMID: 32231273 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1275-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Muscle-invasive bladder carcinomas (MIBCs) are aggressive genitourinary malignancies. Metastatic urothelial carcinoma of the bladder is generally incurable by current chemotherapy and leads to early mortality. Recent studies have identified molecular subtypes of MIBCs with different sensitivities to frontline therapy, suggesting tumor heterogeneity. We have performed multi-omic profiling of the kinome in bladder cancer patients with the goal of identify therapeutic targets. Our analyses revealed amplification, overexpression, and elevated kinase activity of P21 (RAC1) activated kinase 4 (PAK4) in a subset of Bladder cancer (BLCA). Using bladder cancer cells, we confirmed the role of PAK4 in BLCA cell proliferation and invasion. Furthermore, we observed that a PAK4 inhibitor was effective in curtailing growth of BLCA cells. Transcriptomic analyses identified elevated expression of another kinase, protein tyrosine kinase 6 (PTK6), upon treatment with a PAK4 inhibitor and RNA interference of PAK4. Treatment with a combination of kinase inhibitors (vandetanib and dasatinib) showed enhanced sensitivity compared with either drug alone. Thus, PAK4 may be therapeutically actionable for a subset of MIBC patients with amplified and/or overexpressed PAK4 in their tumors. Our results also indicate that combined inhibition of PAK4 and PTK6 may overcome resistance to PAK4. These observations warrant clinical investigations with selected BLCA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alyncia D Robinson
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Joshua C Anderson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sumit Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Marie-Lisa Eich
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | | | - Maya S Guru
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Arjun S Guru
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gurudatta Naik
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Deborah L Della Manna
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kshitish K Acharya
- Shodhaka Life Sciences Private Limited, Bengaluru, India.,Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology (IBAB), Biotech Park, Electronic City, Bengaluru, 560100, Karnataka, India
| | - Shannon Carskadon
- Vattikuti Urology Institute, Department of Urology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Upender Manne
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David K Crossman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - James E Ferguson
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - William E Grizzle
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nallasivam Palanisamy
- Vattikuti Urology Institute, Department of Urology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Christopher D Willey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Michael R Crowley
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - George J Netto
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Eddy S Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sooryanarayana Varambally
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA. .,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA. .,Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Guru Sonpavde
- Department of Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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14
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Piyathilake CJ, Badiga S, Kumar R, Crowley MR, Burkholder GA, Raper JL. A rigorous exploration of anal HPV genotypes using a next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach in HIV-infected men who have sex with men at risk for developing anal cancer. Cancer Med 2019; 9:807-815. [PMID: 31769225 PMCID: PMC6970045 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are no HPV‐based measures for managing anal cancer (AC) in HIV‐infected (HIV+) men who have sex with men (MSM) because of the high positivity of high‐risk (HR)‐HPVs. As next‐generation sequencing (NGS) is able to describe the composition of HPVs as percent (%) reads rather than positive vs negative results, we used NGS approach to detect HPVs in anal samples of HIV+ MSM to test its ability to differentiate those who are diagnosed with atypical squamous cells of unknown significance or greater (ASCUS+) from those who are free of such lesions and to understand the burden of HPV infections in relation to HPV vaccines. Methods Study included 81 HIV+ MSM characterized for demographics, patient‐reported outcome measures, HIV related laboratory measures and anal cytology. We summarized NGS HPV data using % read cut points (>0%‐>30%) and tested the relationship between % reads of HR‐HPVs and risk of ASCUS+ using logistic regression. Results Forty‐six HPVs were detected at the >0% read cut point. The prevalence of any HR‐HPVs varied from 100% to 40% with >0% to >30% reads while ≥99% were infected with HR‐HPVs included or not included in the 9 valent HPV vaccine at the >0% read cut point. MSM with >30% HR‐HPV reads were 4.5 times more likely to be diagnosed with ASCUS+ compared to ≤30% reads (P = .033). Conclusion NGS‐based approach is more accurate than PCR‐based HPV testing for identifying HIV+ MSM at risk for developing AC. We raise the concern regarding the efficacy of current HPV vaccines for preventing AC in this high‐risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrika J Piyathilake
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Suguna Badiga
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ranjit Kumar
- UAB Center for Clinical & Translational Science, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Michael R Crowley
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Greer A Burkholder
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James L Raper
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA
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15
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Yanik MV, Seifert ME, Locke JE, Hauptfeld-Dolejsek V, Crowley MR, Cutter GR, Mannon RB, Feig DI, Limdi NA. CYP3A5 genotype affects time to therapeutic tacrolimus level in pediatric kidney transplant recipients. Pediatr Transplant 2019; 23:e13494. [PMID: 31124575 PMCID: PMC8009482 DOI: 10.1111/petr.13494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimal management of immunosuppression in kidney transplantation requires a delicate balance of efficacy and toxicity. Tacrolimus (TAC) dose requirements are significantly impacted by genetic variation in CYP3A5 polymorphisms, however the impact that genotype has on clinical outcomes in the pediatric kidney transplant population remains unclear. METHODS We evaluated a retrospective cohort of 98 pediatric kidney transplant recipients. The primary exposure was CYP3A5 genotype, which classified each recipient into the expresser (at least one CYP3A5*1 allele) or non-expresser group (only CYP3A5*3 alleles). The primary outcome was time to achieve a steady therapeutic TAC concentration. Secondary outcomes include incidence of early allograft rejection and calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) nephrotoxicity during the first year post-transplant. RESULTS The study cohort included 55 (56%) expressers and 43 (44%) non-expressers of the CYP3A5*1 allele. Expressers had a significantly longer time to achieve a steady therapeutic TAC concentration than non-expressers (log rank, P = 0.03). Expressers had a trend for higher incidence of early allograft rejection (29.1% vs 16.3%, log rank, P = 0.16). Early biopsy-proven CNI nephrotoxicity was seen in 60% of recipients, with no differences in the rate between expressers and non-expressers. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric kidney transplant recipients with the CYP3A5*1 allele (expressers) take a longer time to achieve therapeutic TAC levels than those with the CYP3A5*3 allele (non-expressers). However, we observed no significant differences in acute rejection or CNI nephrotoxicity based on CYP3A5 genotype. Thus CYP3A5 genotype was not observed to have an immediate impact on early transplant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan V. Yanik
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Michael E. Seifert
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jayme E. Locke
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Vera Hauptfeld-Dolejsek
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Michael R. Crowley
- Heflin Center for Genomic Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Gary R. Cutter
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Roslyn B. Mannon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Daniel I. Feig
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Nita A. Limdi
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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16
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Zimmerman KA, Song CJ, Li Z, Lever JM, Crossman DK, Rains A, Aloria EJ, Gonzalez NM, Bassler JR, Zhou J, Crowley MR, Revell DZ, Yan Z, Shan D, Benveniste EN, George JF, Mrug M, Yoder BK. Tissue-Resident Macrophages Promote Renal Cystic Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:1841-1856. [PMID: 31337691 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018080810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations affecting cilia proteins have an established role in renal cyst formation. In mice, the rate of cystogenesis is influenced by the age at which cilia dysfunction occurs and whether the kidney has been injured. Disruption of cilia function before postnatal day 12-14 results in rapid cyst formation; however, cyst formation is slower when cilia dysfunction is induced after postnatal day 14. Rapid cyst formation can also be induced in conditional adult cilia mutant mice by introducing renal injury. Previous studies indicate that macrophages are involved in cyst formation, however the specific role and type of macrophages responsible has not been clarified. METHODS We analyzed resident macrophage number and subtypes during postnatal renal maturation and after renal injury in control and conditional Ift88 cilia mutant mice. We also used a pharmacological inhibitor of resident macrophage proliferation and accumulation to determine the importance of these cells during rapid cyst formation. RESULTS Our data show that renal resident macrophages undergo a phenotypic switch from R2b (CD11clo) to R2a (CD11chi) during postnatal renal maturation. The timing of this switch correlates with the period in which cyst formation transitions from rapid to slow following induction of cilia dysfunction. Renal injury induces the reaccumulation of juvenile-like R2b resident macrophages in cilia mutant mice and restores rapid cystogenesis. Loss of primary cilia in injured conditional Ift88 mice results in enhanced epithelial production of membrane-bound CSF1, a cytokine that promotes resident macrophage proliferation. Inhibiting CSF1/CSF1-receptor signaling with a CSF1R kinase inhibitor reduces resident macrophage proliferation, R2b resident macrophage accumulation, and renal cyst formation in two mouse models of cystic disease. CONCLUSIONS These data uncover an important pathogenic role for resident macrophages during rapid cyst progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cheng J Song
- Departments of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology
| | - Zhang Li
- Departments of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology
| | | | | | - Addison Rains
- Departments of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhaoqi Yan
- Departments of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology
| | - Dan Shan
- Divisions of Nephrology and.,Medicine
| | | | - James F George
- Biostatistics, and.,Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Michal Mrug
- Divisions of Nephrology and.,Medicine.,Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Bradley K Yoder
- Departments of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology,
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17
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Zimmerman KA, Bentley MR, Lever JM, Li Z, Crossman DK, Song CJ, Liu S, Crowley MR, George JF, Mrug M, Yoder BK. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Identifies Candidate Renal Resident Macrophage Gene Expression Signatures across Species. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:767-781. [PMID: 30948627 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018090931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resident macrophages regulate homeostatic and disease processes in multiple tissues, including the kidney. Despite having well defined markers to identify these cells in mice, technical limitations have prevented identification of a similar cell type across species. The inability to identify resident macrophage populations across species hinders the translation of data obtained from animal model to human patients. METHODS As an entry point to determine novel markers that could identify resident macrophages across species, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) analysis of all T and B cell-negative CD45+ innate immune cells in mouse, rat, pig, and human kidney tissue. RESULTS We identified genes with enriched expression in mouse renal resident macrophages that were also present in candidate resident macrophage populations across species. Using the scRNAseq data, we defined a novel set of possible cell surface markers (Cd74 and Cd81) for these candidate kidney resident macrophages. We confirmed, using parabiosis and flow cytometry, that these proteins are indeed enriched in mouse resident macrophages. Flow cytometry data also indicated the existence of a defined population of innate immune cells in rat and human kidney tissue that coexpress CD74 and CD81, suggesting the presence of renal resident macrophages in multiple species. CONCLUSIONS Based on transcriptional signatures, our data indicate that there is a conserved population of innate immune cells across multiple species that have been defined as resident macrophages in the mouse. Further, we identified potential cell surface markers to allow for future identification and characterization of this candidate resident macrophage population in mouse, rat, and pig translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhang Li
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology
| | | | | | - Shanrun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, and
| | | | - James F George
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Michal Mrug
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
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18
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Balkawade RS, Chen C, Crowley MR, Crossman DK, Clapp WL, Verlander JW, Marshall CB. Podocyte-specific expression of Cre recombinase promotes glomerular basement membrane thickening. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 316:F1026-F1040. [PMID: 30810063 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00359.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Conditional gene targeting using Cre recombinase has offered a powerful tool to modify gene function precisely in defined cells/tissues and at specific times. However, in mammalian cells, Cre recombinase can be genotoxic. The importance of including Cre-expressing control mice to avoid misinterpretation and to maximize the validity of the experimental results has been increasingly recognized. While studying the role of podocytes in the pathogenesis of glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickening, we used Cre recombinase driven by the podocyte-specific podocin promoter (NPHS2-Cre) to generate a conditional knockout. By conventional structural and functional measures (histology by periodic acid-Schiff staining, albuminuria, and plasma creatinine), we did not detect significant differences between NPHS2-Cre transgenic and wild-type control mice. However, surprisingly, the group that expressed Cre transgene alone developed signs of podocyte toxicity, including marked GBM thickening, loss of normal foot process morphology, and reduced Wilms tumor 1 expression. GBM thickening was characterized by altered expression of core structural protein laminin isoform α5β2γ1. RNA sequencing analysis of extracted glomeruli identified 230 genes that were significant and differentially expressed (applying a q < 0.05-fold change ≥ ±2 cutoff) in NPHS2-Cre mice compared with wild-type control mice. Many biological processes were reflected in the RNA sequencing data, including regulation of the extracellular matrix and pathways related to apoptosis and cell death. This study highlights the importance of including the appropriate controls for potential Cre-mediated toxicity in conditional gene-targeting experiments. Indeed, omitting the Cre transgene control can result in critical errors during interpretation of experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan S Balkawade
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Birmingham, Alabama.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Chao Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, College of Medicine Electron Microscopy Core, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Michael R Crowley
- Heflin Center for Genomic Science, Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - David K Crossman
- Heflin Center for Genomic Science, Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - William L Clapp
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jill W Verlander
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, College of Medicine Electron Microscopy Core, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Caroline B Marshall
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Birmingham, Alabama.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
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19
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Hakim JA, Schram JB, Galloway AWE, Morrow CD, Crowley MR, Watts SA, Bej AK. The Purple Sea Urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Demonstrates a Compartmentalization of Gut Bacterial Microbiota, Predictive Functional Attributes, and Taxonomic Co-Occurrence. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E35. [PMID: 30691133 PMCID: PMC6406795 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7020035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (order Camarodonta, family Strongylocentrotidae) can be found dominating low intertidal pool biomass on the southern coast of Oregon, USA. In this case study, three adult sea urchins were collected from their shared intertidal pool, and the bacteriome of their pharynx, gut tissue, and gut digesta, including their tide pool water and algae, was determined using targeted high-throughput sequencing (HTS) of the 16S rRNA genes and bioinformatics tools. Overall, the gut tissue demonstrated Arcobacter and Sulfurimonas (Epsilonproteobacteria) to be abundant, whereas the gut digesta was dominated by Psychromonas (Gammaproteobacteria), Propionigenium (Fusobacteria), and Flavobacteriales (Bacteroidetes). Alpha and beta diversity analyses indicated low species richness and distinct microbial communities comprising the gut tissue and digesta, while the pharynx tissue had higher richness, more closely resembling the water microbiota. Predicted functional profiles showed Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Level-2 categories of energy metabolism, membrane transport, cell motility, and signal transduction in the gut tissue, and the gut digesta represented amino acid, carbohydrate, vitamin and cofactor metabolisms, and replication and repair. Co-occurrence network analysis showed the potential relationships and key taxa, such as the highly abundant Arcobacter and Propionigenium, influencing population patterns and taxonomic organization between the gut tissue and digesta. These results demonstrate a trend of microbial community integration, allocation, predicted metabolic roles, and taxonomic co-occurrence patterns in the S. purpuratus gut ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Hakim
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Julie B Schram
- Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, University of Oregon, 63466 Boat Basin Rd, Charleston, OR 97420, USA.
| | - Aaron W E Galloway
- Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, University of Oregon, 63466 Boat Basin Rd, Charleston, OR 97420, USA.
| | - Casey D Morrow
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Michael R Crowley
- Department of Genetics, Heflin Center Genomics Core, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 705 South 20th Street, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Stephen A Watts
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Asim K Bej
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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20
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Lever JM, Hull TD, Boddu R, Pepin ME, Black LM, Adedoyin OO, Yang Z, Traylor AM, Jiang Y, Li Z, Peabody JE, Eckenrode HE, Crossman DK, Crowley MR, Bolisetty S, Zimmerman KA, Wende AR, Mrug M, Yoder BK, Agarwal A, George JF. Resident macrophages reprogram toward a developmental state after acute kidney injury. JCI Insight 2019; 4:e125503. [PMID: 30674729 PMCID: PMC6413788 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.125503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a devastating clinical condition affecting at least two-thirds of critically ill patients, and, among these patients, it is associated with a greater than 60% risk of mortality. Kidney mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) are implicated in pathogenesis and healing in mouse models of AKI and, thus, have been the subject of investigation as potential targets for clinical intervention. We have determined that, after injury, F4/80hi-expressing kidney-resident macrophages (KRMs) are a distinct cellular subpopulation that does not differentiate from nonresident infiltrating MPs. However, if KRMs are depleted using polyinosinic/polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), they can be reconstituted from bone marrow-derived precursors. Further, KRMs lack major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) expression before P7 but upregulate it over the next 14 days. This MHCII- KRM phenotype reappears after injury. RNA sequencing shows that injury causes transcriptional reprogramming of KRMs such that they more closely resemble that found at P7. KRMs after injury are also enriched in Wingless-type MMTV integration site family (Wnt) signaling, indicating that a pathway vital for mouse and human kidney development is active. These data indicate that mechanisms involved in kidney development may be functioning after injury in KRMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremie M. Lever
- Department of Medicine and
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Travis D. Hull
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ravindra Boddu
- Department of Medicine and
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Laurence M. Black
- Department of Medicine and
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Oreoluwa O. Adedoyin
- Department of Medicine and
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Zhengqin Yang
- Department of Medicine and
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Amie M. Traylor
- Department of Medicine and
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yanlin Jiang
- Department of Medicine and
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Zhang Li
- Department of Cellular, Developmental and Integrative Biology, and
| | | | - Han E. Eckenrode
- Department of Medicine and
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - David K. Crossman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Michael R. Crowley
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Subhashini Bolisetty
- Department of Medicine and
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | | | - Michal Mrug
- Department of Medicine and
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Bradley K. Yoder
- Department of Cellular, Developmental and Integrative Biology, and
| | - Anupam Agarwal
- Department of Medicine and
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - James F. George
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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21
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Plyler ZE, Birket SE, Schultz BD, Hong JS, Rowe SM, Petty CF, Crowley MR, Crossman DK, Schoeb TR, Sorscher EJ. Non-obstructive vas deferens and epididymis loss in cystic fibrosis rats. Mech Dev 2018; 155:15-26. [PMID: 30391480 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This study utilizes morphological and mechanistic endpoints to characterize the onset of bilateral atresia of the vas deferens in a recently derived cystic fibrosis (CF) rat model. Embryonic reproductive structures, including Wolffian (mesonephric) duct, Mullerian (paramesonephric) duct, mesonephric tubules, and gonad, were shown to mature normally through late embryogenesis, with involution of the vas deferens and/or epididymis typically occurring between birth and postnatal day 4 (P4), although timing and degree of atresia varied. No evidence of mucus obstruction, which is associated with pathology in other CF-affected tissues, was observed at any embryological or postnatal time point. Reduced epididymal coiling was noted post-partum and appeared to coincide with, or predate, loss of more distal vas deferens structure. Remarkably, α smooth muscle actin expression in cells surrounding duct epithelia was markedly diminished in CF animals by P2.5 when compared to wild type counterparts, indicating reduced muscle development. RNA-seq and immunohistochemical analysis of affected tissues showed disruption of developmental signaling by Wnt and related pathways. The findings have relevance to vas deferens loss in humans with CF, where timing of ductular damage is not well characterized and underlying mechanisms are not understood. If vas deferens atresia in humans begins in late gestation and continues through early postnatal life, emerging modulator therapies given perinatally might preserve and enhance integrity of the reproductive tract, which is otherwise absent or deficient in 97% of males with cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z E Plyler
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - S E Birket
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - B D Schultz
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - J S Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - S M Rowe
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - C F Petty
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - M R Crowley
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - D K Crossman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - T R Schoeb
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - E J Sorscher
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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22
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Mieczkowska A, Schumacher A, Filipowicz N, Wardowska A, Zieliński M, Madanecki P, Nowicka E, Langa P, Deptuła M, Zieliński J, Kondej K, Renkielska A, Buckley PG, Crossman DK, Crowley MR, Czupryn A, Mucha P, Sachadyn P, Janus Ł, Skowron P, Rodziewicz-Motowidło S, Cichorek M, Pikuła M, Piotrowski A. Immunophenotyping and transcriptional profiling of in vitro cultured human adipose tissue derived stem cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11339. [PMID: 30054533 PMCID: PMC6063933 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29477-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have become an important research model in regenerative medicine. However, there are controversies regarding the impact of prolonged cell culture on the ASCs phenotype and their differentiation potential. Hence, we studied 10 clinical ASCs replicates from plastic and oncological surgery patients, in six-passage FBS supplemented cultures. We quantified basic mesenchymal cell surface marker transcripts and the encoded proteins after each passage. In parallel, we investigated the differentiation potential of ASCs into chondrocytes, osteocytes and adipocytes. We further determined the effects of FBS supplementation and subsequent deprivation on the whole transcriptome by comprehensive mRNA and miRNA sequencing. Our results show that ASCs maintain differentiation potential and consistent profile of key mesenchymal markers, with apparent expression of distinct isoforms, in long-term cultures. No significant differences were observed between plastic and oncological surgery cohorts. ASCs in FBS supplemented primary cultures are almost committed to mesenchymal lineages as they express key epithelial-mesenchymal transition genes including early mesenchymal markers. Furthermore, combined mRNA/miRNA expression profiling strongly supports a modulatory role for the miR-30 family in the commitment process to mesenchymal lineages. Finally, we propose improvements to existing qPCR based assays that address alternative isoform expression of mesenchymal markers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriana Schumacher
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Anna Wardowska
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transplantology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Maciej Zieliński
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transplantology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Piotr Madanecki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Nowicka
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Paulina Langa
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transplantology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Milena Deptuła
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jacek Zieliński
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Karolina Kondej
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alicja Renkielska
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - David K Crossman
- Heflin Center for Genomic Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Michael R Crowley
- Heflin Center for Genomic Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Artur Czupryn
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Mucha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Paweł Sachadyn
- Laboratory for Regenerative Biotechnology, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Skowron
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Mirosława Cichorek
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michał Pikuła
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transplantology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
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23
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Koo H, Hakim JA, Morrow CD, Crowley MR, Andersen DT, Bej AK. Metagenomic Analysis of Microbial Community Compositions and Cold-Responsive Stress Genes in Selected Antarctic Lacustrine and Soil Ecosystems. Life (Basel) 2018; 8:life8030029. [PMID: 29997353 PMCID: PMC6161096 DOI: 10.3390/life8030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes microbial community compositions, and various cold-responsive stress genes, encompassing cold-induced proteins (CIPs) and cold-associated general stress-responsive proteins (CASPs) in selected Antarctic lake water, sediment, and soil metagenomes. Overall, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the major taxa in all metagenomes. Prochlorococcus and Thiomicrospira were highly abundant in waters, while Myxococcus, Anaeromyxobacter, Haliangium, and Gloeobacter were dominant in the soil and lake sediment metagenomes. Among CIPs, genes necessary for DNA replication, translation initiation, and transcription termination were highly abundant in all metagenomes. However, genes for fatty acid desaturase (FAD) and trehalose synthase (TS) were common in the soil and lake sediment metagenomes. Interestingly, the Lake Untersee water and sediment metagenome samples contained histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS) and all genes for CIPs. As for the CASPs, high abundances of a wide range of genes for cryo- and osmo-protectants (glutamate, glycine, choline, and betaine) were identified in all metagenomes. However, genes for exopolysaccharide biosynthesis were dominant in Lake Untersee water, sediment, and other soil metagenomes. The results from this study indicate that although diverse microbial communities are present in various metagenomes, they share common cold-responsive stress genes necessary for their survival and sustenance in the extreme Antarctic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunmin Koo
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Joseph A Hakim
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Casey D Morrow
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Michael R Crowley
- Department of Genetics, Heflin Center Genomics Core, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Dale T Andersen
- Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, Mountain View, California, CA 94043, USA.
| | - Asim K Bej
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Shao Z, Yao C, Khodadadi-Jamayran A, Xu W, Townes TM, Crowley MR, Hu K. Reprogramming by De-bookmarking the Somatic Transcriptional Program through Targeting of BET Bromodomains. Cell Rep 2018; 16:3138-3145. [PMID: 27653680 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
One critical event in reprogramming to pluripotency is erasure of the somatic transcriptional program of starting cells. Here, we present the proof of principle of a strategy for reprogramming to pluripotency facilitated by small molecules that interfere with the somatic transcriptional memory. We show that mild chemical targeting of the acetyllysine-binding pockets of the BET bromodomains, the transcriptional bookmarking domains, robustly enhances reprogramming. Furthermore, we show that chemical targeting of the transcriptional bookmarking BET bromodomains downregulates or turns off the expression of somatic genes in both naive and reprogramming fibroblasts. Chemical blocking of the BET bromodomains also results in loss of fibroblast morphology early in reprogramming. We therefore experimentally demonstrate that cell fate conversion can be achieved by chemically targeting the transcriptional bookmarking BET bromodomains responsible for transcriptional memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Shao
- Stem Cell Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0024, USA
| | - Chunping Yao
- Stem Cell Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0024, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China
| | - Alireza Khodadadi-Jamayran
- Stem Cell Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0024, USA
| | - Weihua Xu
- Longyan University, Fujian 364012, China
| | - Tim M Townes
- Stem Cell Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0024, USA
| | - Michael R Crowley
- Howell and Elizabeth Heflin Center for Genomic Science, Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0024, USA
| | - Kejin Hu
- Stem Cell Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0024, USA.
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25
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Palladino SP, Helton ES, Jain P, Dong C, Crowley MR, Crossman DK, Ubogu EE. The Human Blood-Nerve Barrier Transcriptome. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17477. [PMID: 29234067 PMCID: PMC5727190 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17475-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-nerve barrier (BNB), formed by tight junction-forming microvessels within peripheral nerve endoneurium, exists to regulate its internal microenvironment essential for effective axonal signal transduction. Relatively little is known about the unique human BNB molecular composition. Such knowledge is crucial to comprehend the relationships between the systemic circulation and peripheral nerves in health, adaptations to intrinsic or extrinsic perturbations and alterations that may result in disease. We performed RNA-sequencing on cultured early- and late-passage adult primary human endoneurial endothelial cells and laser-capture microdissected endoneurial microvessels from four cryopreserved normal adult human sural nerves referenced to the Genome Reference Consortium Human Reference 37 genome browser, using predefined criteria guided by known transcript or protein expression in vitro and in situ. We identified 12881 common transcripts associated by 125 independent biological networks, defined as the normal adult BNB transcriptome, including a comprehensive array of transporters and specialized intercellular junctional complex components. These identified transcripts and their interacting networks provide insights into peripheral nerve microvascular morphogenesis, restrictive barrier formation, influx and efflux transporters with relevance to understanding peripheral nerve homeostasis and pharmacology, including targeted drug delivery and the mediators of leukocyte trafficking in peripheral nerves during normal immunosurveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Palladino
- Neuromuscular Immunopathology Research Laboratory, Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0017, United States of America
| | - E Scott Helton
- Neuromuscular Immunopathology Research Laboratory, Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0017, United States of America
| | - Preti Jain
- Heflin Center for Genomic Science, Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0024, United States of America
| | - Chaoling Dong
- Neuromuscular Immunopathology Research Laboratory, Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0017, United States of America
| | - Michael R Crowley
- Heflin Center for Genomic Science, Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0024, United States of America
| | - David K Crossman
- Heflin Center for Genomic Science, Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0024, United States of America
| | - Eroboghene E Ubogu
- Neuromuscular Immunopathology Research Laboratory, Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0017, United States of America.
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26
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Yang ES, Willey CD, Mehta A, Crowley MR, Crossman DK, Chen D, Anderson JC, Naik G, Della Manna DL, Cooper TS, Sonpavde G. Kinase analysis of penile squamous cell carcinoma on multiple platforms to identify potential therapeutic targets. Oncotarget 2017; 8:21710-21718. [PMID: 28423512 PMCID: PMC5400617 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is an orphan malignancy with poorly understood biology and suboptimal systemic therapy. Given that kinases may be drivers and readily actionable, we performed comprehensive multiplatform analysis of kinases in PSCC tumor and normal tissue. Fresh frozen tumors were collected from 11 patients with PSCC. After macrodissection to demarcate tumor from normal tissue, the samples underwent multiplatform analysis of kinases. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) of 517 kinase genes was performed using Agilent Kinome capture and run on the Illumina MiSeq at PE150bp. The NanoString nCounter® platform analyzed the expression of 519 kinase genes. Kinase activity of tissue lysates was measured using PamStation®12 high-content phospho-peptide substrate microarray system. Network mapping was done with GeneGo MetaCore™ and upstream kinase prediction was performed with BioNavigator and the Kinexus database. Ingenuity pathway analysis was performed to integrate elevated kinase activity and gene over-expression with coexisting missense mutations at DNA level. Top pathways upregulated in both the kinase activity and gene expression platforms were PTEN, STAT3, GNRH, IL-8 and B cell receptor signaling. Potentially relevant missense mutations were seen in 176 kinase genes, with the top altered pathways overlapping with gene overexpression being GNRH, NF-kB and STAT3 signaling. ERBB2, ERBB3 and SYK were altered on NGS and also exhibited elevated kinase activity. To summarize, multiplatform comprehensive analysis of kinases discovered potential drivers of PSCC and actionable therapeutic targets. Translational studies are necessary to validate the functional relevance of our data to make advances in this rare malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddy S Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama, Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Christopher D Willey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama, Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Amitkumar Mehta
- Department of Medicine, Section of Oncology, UAB School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Michael R Crowley
- Department of Genetics, UAB School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - David K Crossman
- Department of Genetics, UAB School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Dongquan Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Facility, UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Joshua C Anderson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama, Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Gurudatta Naik
- Department of Medicine, Section of Oncology, UAB School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Deborah L Della Manna
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama, Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Tiffiny S Cooper
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama, Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Guru Sonpavde
- Department of Medicine, Section of Oncology, UAB School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Huang ZQ, Raska M, Stewart TJ, Reily C, King RG, Crossman DK, Crowley MR, Hargett A, Zhang Z, Suzuki H, Hall S, Wyatt RJ, Julian BA, Renfrow MB, Gharavi AG, Novak J. Somatic Mutations Modulate Autoantibodies against Galactose-Deficient IgA1 in IgA Nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 27:3278-3284. [PMID: 26966014 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014101044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies against galactose-deficient IgA1 drive formation of pathogenic immune complexes in IgA nephropathy. IgG autoantibodies against galactose-deficient IgA1 in patients with IgA nephropathy have a specific amino-acid sequence, Y1CS3, in the complementarity-determining region 3 of the heavy chain variable region compared with a Y1CA3 sequence in similar isotype-matched IgG from healthy controls. We previously found that the S3 residue is critical for binding galactose-deficient IgA1. To determine whether this difference is due to a rare germline sequence, we amplified and sequenced the corresponding germline variable region genes from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of seven patients with IgA nephropathy and six healthy controls from whom we had cloned single-cell lines secreting monoclonal IgG specific for galactose-deficient IgA1. Sanger DNA sequencing revealed that complementarity-determining region 3 in the variable region of the germline genes encoded the Y1C(A/V)3 amino-acid sequence. Thus, the A/V>S substitution in the complementarity-determining region 3 of anti-galactose-deficient-IgA1 autoantibodies of the patients with IgA nephropathy is not a rare germline gene variant. Modeling analyses indicated that the S3 hydroxyl group spans the complementarity-determining region 3 loop stem, stabilizing the adjacent β-sheet and stem structure, important features for effective binding to galactose-deficient IgA1. Understanding processes leading to production of the autoantibodies may offer new approaches to treat IgA nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milan Raska
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Colin Reily
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - R Glenn King
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | | | - Audra Hargett
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Zhixin Zhang
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.,West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hitoshi Suzuki
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stacy Hall
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Robert J Wyatt
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; and
| | - Bruce A Julian
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | | | - Jan Novak
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama;
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28
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Kumar A, Zhang J, Tallaksen-Greene S, Crowley MR, Crossman DK, Morton AJ, Van Groen T, Kadish I, Albin RL, Lesort M, Detloff PJ. Allelic series of Huntington's disease knock-in mice reveals expression discorrelates. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:1619-36. [PMID: 26908599 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying molecular drivers of pathology provides potential therapeutic targets. Differentiating between drivers and coincidental molecular alterations presents a major challenge. Variation unrelated to pathology further complicates transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic studies which measure large numbers of individual molecules. To overcome these challenges towards the goal of determining drivers of Huntington's disease (HD), we generated an allelic series of HD knock-in mice with graded levels of phenotypic severity for comparison with molecular alterations. RNA-sequencing analysis of this series reveals high numbers of transcripts with level alterations that do not correlate with phenotypic severity. These discorrelated molecular changes are unlikely to be drivers of pathology allowing an exclusion-based strategy to provide a short list of driver candidates. Further analysis of the data shows that a majority of transcript level changes in HD knock-in mice involve alteration of the rate of mRNA processing and/or degradation rather than solely being due to alteration of transcription rate. The overall strategy described can be applied to assess the influence of any molecular change on pathology for diseases where different mutations cause graded phenotypic severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology
| | | | - Sara Tallaksen-Greene
- VAAAHS GRECC, Ann Arbor, MI, USA and Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - A Jennifer Morton
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Inga Kadish
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology
| | - Roger L Albin
- VAAAHS GRECC, Ann Arbor, MI, USA and Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mathieu Lesort
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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29
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Kumar R, Maynard CL, Eipers P, Goldsmith KT, Ptacek T, Grubbs JA, Dixon P, Howard D, Crossman DK, Crowley MR, Benjamin WH, Lefkowitz EJ, Weaver CT, Rodriguez JM, Morrow CD. Colonization potential to reconstitute a microbe community in patients detected early after fecal microbe transplant for recurrent C. difficile. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:5. [PMID: 26758906 PMCID: PMC4711103 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0622-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fecal microbiota transplants (FMT) are an effective treatment for patients with gut microbe dysbiosis suffering from recurrent C. difficile infections. To further understand how FMT reconstitutes the patient’s gut commensal microbiota, we have analyzed the colonization potential of the donor, recipient and recipient post transplant fecal samples using transplantation in gnotobiotic mice. Results A total of nine samples from three human donors, recipient’s pre and post FMT were transplanted into gnotobiotic mice. Microbiome analysis of three donor fecal samples revealed the presence of a high relative abundance of commensal microbes from the family Bacteriodaceae and Lachnospiraceae that were almost absent in the three recipient pre FMT fecal samples (<0.01 %). The microbe composition in gnotobiotic mice transplanted with the donor fecal samples was similar to the human samples. The recipient samples contained Enterobacteriaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Enterococcaceae in relative abundance of 43, 11, 8 %, respectively. However, gnotobiotic mice transplanted with the recipient fecal samples had an average relative abundance of unclassified Clostridiales of 55 %, approximately 7000 times the abundance in the recipient fecal samples prior to transplant. Microbiome analysis of fecal samples from the three patients early (2–4 weeks) after FMT revealed a microbe composition with the relative abundance of both Bacteriodaceae and Lachnospiraceae that was approximately 7 % of that of the donor. In contrast, gnotobioitc mice transplanted with the fecal samples obtained from the three at early times post FMT revealed increases in the relative abundance of Bacteriodaceae and Lachnospiraceae microbe compositions to levels similar to the donor fecal samples. Furthermore, the unclassified Clostridiales in the recipient samples post FMT was reduced to an average of 10 %. Conclusion We have used transplantation into gnotobiotic mice to evaluate the colonization potential of microbiota in FMT patients early after transplant. The commensal microbes present at early times post FMT out competed non-commensal microbes (e.g. such as unclassified Clostridiales) for niche space. The selective advantage of these commensal microbes to occupy niches in the gastrointestinal tract helps to explain the success of FMT to reconstitute the gut microbe community of patients with recurrent C. difficile infections. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-015-0622-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit Kumar
- Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Craig L Maynard
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Peter Eipers
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Blvd. MCLM 680, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Kelly T Goldsmith
- Department of Genetics and Heflin Center for Genomic Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Travis Ptacek
- Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.,Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - J Aaron Grubbs
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Paula Dixon
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Donna Howard
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - David K Crossman
- Department of Genetics and Heflin Center for Genomic Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Michael R Crowley
- Department of Genetics and Heflin Center for Genomic Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - William H Benjamin
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Elliot J Lefkowitz
- Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.,Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Casey T Weaver
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - J Martin Rodriguez
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Casey D Morrow
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Blvd. MCLM 680, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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30
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Ronowicz A, Janaszak-Jasiecka A, Skokowski J, Madanecki P, Bartoszewski R, Bałut M, Seroczyńska B, Kochan K, Bogdan A, Butkus M, Pęksa R, Ratajska M, Kuźniacka A, Wasąg B, Gucwa M, Krzyżanowski M, Jaśkiewicz J, Jankowski Z, Forsberg L, Ochocka JR, Limon J, Crowley MR, Buckley PG, Messiaen L, Dumanski JP, Piotrowski A. Concurrent DNA Copy-Number Alterations and Mutations in Genes Related to Maintenance of Genome Stability in Uninvolved Mammary Glandular Tissue from Breast Cancer Patients. Hum Mutat 2015. [PMID: 26219265 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Somatic mosaicism for DNA copy-number alterations (SMC-CNAs) is defined as gain or loss of chromosomal segments in somatic cells within a single organism. As cells harboring SMC-CNAs can undergo clonal expansion, it has been proposed that SMC-CNAs may contribute to the predisposition of these cells to genetic disease including cancer. Herein, the gross genomic alterations (>500 kbp) were characterized in uninvolved mammary glandular tissue from 59 breast cancer patients and matched samples of primary tumors and lymph node metastases. Array-based comparative genomic hybridization showed 10% (6/59) of patients harbored one to 359 large SMC-CNAs (mean: 1,328 kbp; median: 961 kbp) in a substantial portion of glandular tissue cells, distal from the primary tumor site. SMC-CNAs were partially recurrent in tumors, albeit with considerable contribution of stochastic SMC-CNAs indicating genomic destabilization. Targeted resequencing of 301 known predisposition and somatic driver loci revealed mutations and rare variants in genes related to maintenance of genomic integrity: BRCA1 (p.Gln1756Profs*74, p.Arg504Cys), BRCA2 (p.Asn3124Ile), NCOR1 (p.Pro1570Glnfs*45), PALB2 (p.Ser500Pro), and TP53 (p.Arg306*). Co-occurrence of gross SMC-CNAs along with point mutations or rare variants in genes responsible for safeguarding genomic integrity highlights the temporal and spatial neoplastic potential of uninvolved glandular tissue in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ronowicz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Jarosław Skokowski
- The Central Bank of Tissues and Genetic Specimens, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Piotr Madanecki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Bałut
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Barbara Seroczyńska
- The Central Bank of Tissues and Genetic Specimens, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Kinga Kochan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adam Bogdan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Rafał Pęksa
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Ratajska
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alina Kuźniacka
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Bartosz Wasąg
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Gucwa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Maciej Krzyżanowski
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Janusz Jaśkiewicz
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Jankowski
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lars Forsberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and SciLifeLab, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Renata Ochocka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Janusz Limon
- Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michael R Crowley
- Heflin Center for Genomic Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Ludwine Messiaen
- Medical Genomics Laboratory, Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jan P Dumanski
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and SciLifeLab, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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31
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Limdi NA, Nolin TD, Booth SL, Centi A, Marques MB, Crowley MR, Allon M, Beasley TM. Influence of kidney function on risk of supratherapeutic international normalized ratio-related hemorrhage in warfarin users: a prospective cohort study. Am J Kidney Dis 2014; 65:701-9. [PMID: 25468385 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anticoagulation management is difficult in chronic kidney disease, with frequent supratherapeutic international normalized ratios (INRs ≥ 4) increasing hemorrhagic risk. We evaluated whether the interaction of INR and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) increases hemorrhage risk and whether patients with lower eGFRs experience slower anticoagulation reversal. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS Warfarin pharmacogenetics cohort (1,273 long-term warfarin users); warfarin reversal cohort (74 warfarin users admitted with INRs ≥ 4). PREDICTOR eGFR, INR as time-dependent covariate, and their interaction in the pharmacogenetics cohort; eGFR in the reversal cohort. OUTCOMES & MEASUREMENTS In the pharmacogenetics cohort, hemorrhagic (serious, life-threatening, and fatal bleeding) risk was assessed using proportional hazards regression. In the reversal cohort, anticoagulation reversal was assessed from changes in INR, warfarin and metabolite concentrations, clotting factors (II, VII, IX, and X), and PIVKA-II (protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist II) levels at presentation and after reversal, using linear regression and path analysis. RESULTS In the pharmacogenetics cohort, 454 (35.7%) had eGFRs < 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2). There were 137 hemorrhages in 119 patients over 1,802 person-years of follow-up (incidence rate, 7.6 [95% CI, 6.4-8.9]/100 person-years). Patients with lower eGFRs had a higher frequency of INR ≥ 4 (P<0.001). Risk of hemorrhage was affected significantly by eGFR-INR interaction. At INR<4, there was no difference in hemorrhage risk by eGFR (all P ≥ 0.4). At INR≥4, patients with eGFRs of 30 to 44 and < 30 mL/min/1.73 m(2) had 2.2-fold (95% CI, 0.8-6.1; P=0.1) and 5.8-fold (95% CI, 2.9-11.4; P<0.001) higher hemorrhage risks, respectively, versus those with eGFRs ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2). In the reversal cohort, 35 (47%) had eGFRs < 45 mL/min/1.73 m(2). Patients with eGFRs < 45 mL/min/1.73 m(2) experienced slower anticoagulation reversal as assessed by INR (P=0.04) and PIVKA-II level (P=0.008) than those with eGFRs ≥ 45 mL/min/1.73 m(2). LIMITATIONS Limited sample size in the reversal cohort, unavailability of antibiotic use and urine albumin data. CONCLUSIONS Patients with lower eGFRs have differentially higher hemorrhage risk at INR ≥ 4. Moreover, because the INR reversal rate is slower, hemorrhage risk is prolonged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nita A Limdi
- Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.
| | - Thomas D Nolin
- Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Sarah L Booth
- Vitamin K Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Amanda Centi
- Vitamin K Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Marisa B Marques
- Pathology, Section on Statistical Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Michael R Crowley
- Genetics, Section on Statistical Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Michael Allon
- Division of Nephrology, Medicine, Section on Statistical Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - T Mark Beasley
- Biostatistics, Section on Statistical Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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32
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Piotrowski A, Xie J, Liu YF, Poplawski AB, Gomes AR, Madanecki P, Fu C, Crowley MR, Crossman DK, Armstrong L, Babovic-Vuksanovic D, Bergner A, Blakeley JO, Blumenthal AL, Daniels MS, Feit H, Gardner K, Hurst S, Kobelka C, Lee C, Nagy R, Rauen KA, Slopis JM, Suwannarat P, Westman JA, Zanko A, Korf BR, Messiaen LM. Germline loss-of-function mutations in LZTR1 predispose to an inherited disorder of multiple schwannomas. Nat Genet 2013; 46:182-7. [PMID: 24362817 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Constitutional SMARCB1 mutations at 22q11.23 have been found in ∼50% of familial and <10% of sporadic schwannomatosis cases. We sequenced highly conserved regions along 22q from eight individuals with schwannomatosis whose schwannomas involved somatic loss of one copy of 22q, encompassing SMARCB1 and NF2, with a different somatic mutation of the other NF2 allele in every schwannoma but no mutation of the remaining SMARCB1 allele in blood and tumor samples. LZTR1 germline mutations were identified in seven of the eight cases. LZTR1 sequencing in 12 further cases with the same molecular signature identified 9 additional germline mutations. Loss of heterozygosity with retention of an LZTR1 mutation was present in all 25 schwannomas studied. Mutations segregated with disease in all available affected first-degree relatives, although four asymptomatic parents also carried an LZTR1 mutation. Our findings identify LZTR1 as a gene predisposing to an autosomal dominant inherited disorder of multiple schwannomas in ∼80% of 22q-related schwannomatosis cases lacking mutation in SMARCB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Piotrowski
- 1] Medical Genomics Laboratory, Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. [2] Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland. [3]
| | - Jing Xie
- 1] Medical Genomics Laboratory, Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. [2]
| | - Ying F Liu
- Medical Genomics Laboratory, Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Andrzej B Poplawski
- Medical Genomics Laboratory, Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Alicia R Gomes
- Medical Genomics Laboratory, Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Piotr Madanecki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Chuanhua Fu
- Medical Genomics Laboratory, Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Michael R Crowley
- Heflin Center for Genomic Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - David K Crossman
- Heflin Center for Genomic Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Linlea Armstrong
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Amanda Bergner
- Johns Hopkins Comprehensive Neurofibromatosis Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jaishri O Blakeley
- Johns Hopkins Comprehensive Neurofibromatosis Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Molly S Daniels
- Clinical Cancer Genetics Program, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Howard Feit
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Kathy Gardner
- Department of Neurology, Veterans Administration Hospital of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Christine Kobelka
- Kaiser Permanente Genetics Northern California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Chung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rebecca Nagy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Katherine A Rauen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - John M Slopis
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pim Suwannarat
- Kaiser Permanente Genetics Northern California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Judith A Westman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrea Zanko
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Bruce R Korf
- 1] Medical Genomics Laboratory, Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. [2] Heflin Center for Genomic Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ludwine M Messiaen
- Medical Genomics Laboratory, Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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33
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Jiang W, Crossman DK, Mitchell EH, Sohn P, Crowley MR, Serra R. WNT5A inhibits metastasis and alters splicing of Cd44 in breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58329. [PMID: 23484019 PMCID: PMC3590134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt5a is a non-canonical signaling Wnt. Low expression of WNT5A is correlated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. The highly invasive breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and 4T1, express very low levels of WNT5A. To determine if enhanced expression of WNT5A would affect metastatic behavior, we generated WNT5A expressing cells from the 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 parental cell lines. WNT5A expressing cells demonstrated cobblestone morphology and reduced in vitro migration relative to controls. Cell growth was not altered. Metastasis to the lung via tail vein injection was reduced in the 4T1-WNT5A expressing cells relative to 4T1-vector controls. To determine the mechanism of WNT5A action on metastasis, we performed microarray and whole-transcriptome sequence analysis (RNA-seq) to compare gene expression in 4T1-WNT5A and 4T1-vector cells. Analysis indicated highly significant alterations in expression of genes associated with cellular movement. Down-regulation of a subset of these genes, Mmp13, Nos2, Il1a, Cxcl2, and Lamb3, in WNT5A expressing cells was verified by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Significant differences in transcript splicing were also detected in cell movement associated genes including Cd44. Cd44 is an adhesion molecule with a complex genome structure. Variable exon usage is associated with metastatic phenotype. Alternative spicing of Cd44 in WNT5A expressing cells was confirmed using RT-PCR. We conclude that WNT5A inhibits metastasis through down-regulation of multiple cell movement pathways by regulating transcript levels and splicing of key genes like Cd44.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jiang
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - David K. Crossman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth H. Mitchell
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Philip Sohn
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Michael R. Crowley
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Rosa Serra
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Limdi MA, Crowley MR, Beasley TM, Limdi NA, Allon M. Influence of kidney function on risk of hemorrhage among patients taking warfarin: a cohort study. Am J Kidney Dis 2012; 61:354-7. [PMID: 23159233 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2012.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
The contamination of ready-to-eat (RTE) meat products with Listeria monocytogenes is a major concern for the food industry. For a better understanding of the adaptation and survival ability of L. monocytogenes grown on turkey deli meat, the transcriptome of L. monocytogenes strain F2365 was determined with a microarray. Microarray data were validated with a quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR assay. Based on the microarray data, 39 and 45 genes from L. monocytogenes were transcriptionally upregulated and down-regulated, respectively. The genes regulated at the transcriptional level were mainly involved in energy metabolism, fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism, biosynthesis of proteins, transport and binding proteins, DNA metabolism, cellular processes, and regulatory functions. No significant change was noted for the expression of genes encoding known virulence factors such as sigB, prfA, inlA, inlB, plcA, plcB, and hly. These results suggest that L. monocytogenes grown on RTE deli meat changes its transcription of proteins involved in its metabolic pathways to obtain an energy source or to adapt to environmental change without increasing the expression of virulence factors. The global transcriptome profiles provide a better understanding of the growth or adaptation of L. monocytogenes in RTE meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongryeoul Bae
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
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Limdi NA, Limdi MA, Cavallari L, Anderson AM, Crowley MR, Baird MF, Allon M, Beasley TM. Warfarin dosing in patients with impaired kidney function. Am J Kidney Dis 2010; 56:823-31. [PMID: 20709439 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2010.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with kidney impairment, warfarin, a drug metabolized primarily by the cytochrome P-450 system, is initiated at similar doses and managed similarly as in the general medical population. Unfortunately, few data exist to guide dose adjustment in patients with decreased kidney function. Here, we determine the degree of warfarin dose reduction associated with kidney impairment and make recommendations for warfarin dosing. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS Long-term warfarin users followed up at anticoagulation clinics (n = 980); 708 participants from the University of Alabama (UAB) and 272 participants from the University of Chicago (UIC). PREDICTOR No/mild (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2)), moderate (eGFR, 30-59 mL/min/1.73 m(2)), and severe (eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) kidney impairment; CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotype; age; race; sex; body mass; sociodemographic factors; smoking status; alcohol; vitamin K intake; comorbid conditions (eg, congestive heart failure); and drug interactions (eg, amiodarone and statins). OUTCOME & MEASUREMENT Warfarin dose (milligrams per day) was evaluated using linear regression after adjustment for clinical, demographic, and genetic factors. RESULTS Prevalences of moderate (31.8% and 27.6%) and severe kidney impairment (8.9% and 6.6%) were similar in the UAB and UIC cohorts. Warfarin dose requirements were significantly lower in patients with moderate and severe kidney impairment compared with those with no/mild kidney impairment in the UAB (P < 0.001) and UIC (P < 0.001) cohorts. Compared with patients with no/mild kidney impairment, patients with moderate kidney impairment required 9.5% lower doses (P < 0.001) and patients with severe kidney impairment required 19% lower doses (P < 0.001). LIMITATIONS No measurement of warfarin, serum albumin, vitamin K, and coagulation factors; no evaluation of other markers (eg, cystatin). CONCLUSION Moderate and severe kidney impairment were associated with a reduction in warfarin dose requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nita A Limdi
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294-0021, USA.
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Roarty K, Baxley SE, Crowley MR, Frost AR, Serra R. Loss of TGF-beta or Wnt5a results in an increase in Wnt/beta-catenin activity and redirects mammary tumour phenotype. Breast Cancer Res 2009; 11:R19. [PMID: 19344510 PMCID: PMC2688948 DOI: 10.1186/bcr2244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2008] [Revised: 02/26/2009] [Accepted: 04/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The tumour-suppressive effects of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) are well documented; however, the mechanistic basis of these effects is not fully understood. Previously, we showed that a non-canonical member of the Wingless-related protein family, Wnt5a, is required for TGF-β-mediated effects on mammary development. Several lines of evidence support the hypothesis that Wnt5a acts as a tumour suppressor. In addition, it has been shown that Wnt5a can antagonise canonical Wnt/β-catenin signalling in various cell types. Here we test the hypothesis that TGF-β and Wnt5a can antagonise Wnt/β-catenin signalling and redirect mammary tumour phenotype. The results provide a new mechanism for the tumour-suppressive effects of TGF-β. Methods Wnt/β-catenin signalling was measured in tumours with altered TGF-β (dominant-negative TGF-β type II receptor, DNIIR) or Wnt5a (Wnt5a-/-) signalling as the accumulation of nuclear β-catenin using both confocal microscopy and cell fractionation. RT-PCR was used to measure the expression of Wnt/β-catenin target genes. Sca1 expression was determined by western blot and keratin (K) 6- and K14-positive populations were determined by immunohistochemistry. Results Loss of TGF-β or Wnt5a signalling resulted in stabilisation of nuclear β-catenin and expression of Wnt/β-catenin target genes suggesting that TGF-β and Wnt5a act to inhibit Wnt/β-catenin signalling in mammary epithelium. Increased expression of Sca-1 was observed in developing DNIIR and Wnt5a-/- mammary glands. DNIIR and Wnt5a-/- tumours demonstrated an expanded population of K6- and K14-expressing cells typically seen in Wnt/β-catenin-induced tumours. Conclusions The key findings here are that: TGF-β and Wnt5a regulate Wnt/β-catenin activity; and loss of TGF-β and Wnt5a redirect the phenotype of tumours so that they resemble tumours induced by activation of Wnt/β-catenin. The findings suggest a new mechanism for the tumour-suppressive effects of TGF-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Roarty
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0005, USA.
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Limdi NA, Beasley TM, Crowley MR, Goldstein JA, Rieder MJ, Flockhart DA, Arnett DK, Acton RT, Liu N. VKORC1 polymorphisms, haplotypes and haplotype groups on warfarin dose among African-Americans and European-Americans. Pharmacogenomics 2009; 9:1445-58. [PMID: 18855533 DOI: 10.2217/14622416.9.10.1445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the influence of VKORC1 and CYP2C9 polymorphisms on warfarin response has been studied, variability in dose explained by CYP2C9 and VKORC1 is lower among African-Americans compared with European-Americans. This has lead investigators to hypothesize that assessment of VKORC1 haplotypes may help capture a greater proportion of the variability in dose for this under-represented group. However, the inadequate representation of African-Americans and the assessment of a few VKORC1 polymorphisms have hindered this effort. METHODS To determine if VKORC1 haplotypes or haplotype groups explain a higher variability in warfarin dose, we comprehensively assessed VKORC1 polymorphisms in 273 African-Americans and 302 European-Americans. The influence of VKORC1 polymorphisms, race-specific haplotypes and haplotype groups on warfarin dose was evaluated in race-stratified multivariable analyses after accounting for CYP2C9 (*2, *3, *5, *6 and *11) and clinical covariates. RESULTS VKORC1 explained 18% (30% with CYP2C9) variability in warfarin dose among European-Americans and 5% (8% with CYP2C9) among African-Americans. Four common haplotypes in European-Americans and twelve in African-Americans were identified. In each race VKORC1 haplotypes emerged into two groups: low-dose (Group A) and high-dose (Group B). African-Americans had a lower frequency of Group A haplotype (10.6%) compared with European-Americans (35%, p < 0.0001).The variability in dose explained by VKORC1 haplotype or haplotype groups was similar to that of a single informative polymorphism. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the use of CYP2C9, VKORC1 polymorphisms (rs9934438 or rs9923231) and clinical covariates to predict warfarin dose in both African- and European-Americans. A uniform set of common polymorphisms in CYP2C9 and VKORC1, and limited clinical covariates can be used to improve warfarin dose prediction for a racially diverse population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nita A Limdi
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1719 6th Avenue South, CIRC-312, Birmingham AL 35294-0021, USA.
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Crowley MR, Frost A, Chen DT, Baffi MO, Nicola T, Serra R. Transforming growth factor-beta signaling helps specify tumor type in DMBA and hormone-induced mammary cancers. Differentiation 2006; 74:40-52. [PMID: 16466399 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-0436.2006.00056.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To determine the role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling in mammary development and tumor formation, we previously generated transgenic mice that expressed a dominant-negative form of the TGF-beta type II receptor (DNIIR) under the control of DNA regulatory elements from the metallothionein promoter (MT-DNIIR-28). In this report, we tested the hypothesis that loss of TGF-beta signaling in the mammary gland alters the development of chemically or hormonally induced tumors in mice. Four groups of mice were used in the study: wild-type and MT-DNIIR-28 mice on zinc with pituitary isograft, and wild-type and MT-DNIIR-28 mice on zinc with pituitary isograft treated with the carcinogen, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA). Tumor-free survival over time, tumor growth rate, and tumor pathology were measured. Statistically significant differences in tumor free survival over time or tumor growth rate were not detected in wild-type versus transgenic mice treated with DMBA. In contrast, tumor-free survival was significantly altered in transgenic mice that were treated with the pituitary isograft alone with MT-DNIIR mice developing tumors more quickly. Alterations in the types of tumors that formed in wild-type versus MT-DNIIR DMBA-treated mice were detected. In wild-type mice, tumors with squamous differentiation or bicellular adenomyoepitheliomas were most common. Adenomyoepitheliomas were not detected in transgenic mice. Furthermore, there was reduced staining for alpha smooth muscle actin and keratin 14, markers for myoepithelial cells, in the glandular portion of tumors in transgenic mice. The pathology of tumors induced by pituitary isograft alone was also markedly different in wild-type and transgenic mice. All the tumors classified from wild-type mice demonstrated some form of squamous differentiation, whereas squamous differentiation was not detected in the pituitary-induced transgenic tumors. The results suggest that TGF-beta acts as a tumor suppressor for hormone-induced cancers and that TGF-beta has a role in determining tumor pathology by regulating myoepithelial or squamous differentiation, maintenance, or transformation.
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MESH Headings
- 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene/toxicity
- Animals
- Carcinogens/toxicity
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/etiology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Differentiation
- Female
- Genes, Dominant
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/etiology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Myoepithelioma/etiology
- Myoepithelioma/pathology
- Pituitary Hormones/toxicity
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/physiology
- Signal Transduction
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Crowley
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham 1918 University Blvd, 310 MCLM Birmingham, AL 35294-0005, USA
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Abstract
It is now recognized that transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is an important factor that regulates normal breast development as well as breast cancer. Genetically engineered mouse models have been used to determine the role and mechanism of TGF-beta action in normal development and diseases of the breast. Using these models, it has been determined that TGF-beta regulates many steps of normal mammary gland development including branching morphogenesis, functional differentiation, cell-lineage decisions, and involution. Effects of TGF-beta on normal development are mediated through signaling in both the epithelial and stromal compartments. In cancer, mouse models have indicated that TGF-beta has biphasic effects on tumor progression, acting as a tumor suppressor in early stages of cancer and promoting invasion and metastasis at later stages. In addition, TGF-beta may play a role in tumor progression through effects on the microenvironment. Recently, experiments in several mouse models have suggested that antagonism of TGF-beta signaling may provide a therapeutic target for late-stage breast cancer, blocking metastasis without detrimental side effects. In the future, genetically altered mice will be used to establish models of human breast disease providing opportunities to test strategies for disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Serra
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294-0005, USA.
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Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is thought to regulate ductal and lobuloalveolar development as well as involution in the mammary gland. In an attempt to understand the role TGF-beta plays during normal mammary gland development, and ultimately cancer, we previously generated transgenic mice that express a dominant-negative TGF-beta type II receptor under control of the metallothionine promoter (MT-DNIIR). Upon stimulation with zinc sulfate, the transgene was expressed in the mammary stroma and resulted in an increase in ductal side branching. In this study, mammary gland transplantation experiments confirm that the increase in side branching observed was due to DNIIR activity in the stroma. Development during puberty through the end buds was also accelerated. Cbl is a multifunctional intracellular adaptor protein that regulates receptor tyrosine kinase ubiquitination and downregulation. Mice with a targeted disruption of the c-Cbl gene displayed increased side branching similar to that observed in MT-DNIIR mice; however, end bud development during puberty was normal. Transplantation experiments showed that the mammary stroma was responsible for the increased side branching observed in Cbl-null mice. Cbl expression was reduced in mammary glands from DNIIR mice compared to controls and TGF-beta stimulated expression of Cbl in cultures of primary mammary fibroblasts. In addition, both TGF-beta and Cbl regulated platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFR alpha) expression in vivo and in isolated mammary fibroblasts. The hypothesis that TGF-beta mediates the levels of PDGFR alpha protein via regulation of c-Cbl was tested. We conclude that TGF-beta regulates PDGFR alpha in the mammary stroma via a c-Cbl-independent mechanism. Finally, the effects of PDGF-AA on branching were determined. Treatment in vivo with PDGF-AA did not affect branching making a functional interaction between TGF-beta and PDGF unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Crowley
- The Department of Cell Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Boulevard 310, MCLM, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Abstract
TGF-beta is now recognized as an important factor regulating normal mammary gland development as well as breast cancer. In development, TGF-beta regulates branching morphogenesis and differentiation by acting on both epithelial and stromal cells. TGF-beta also regulates apoptosis and matrix remodeling during involution at the end of the pregnancy cycle. TGF-beta has biphasic effects on tumor progression, acting as a tumor suppressor in early stages of cancer and promoting invasion and metastasis at later stages. Furthermore, TGF-beta may play a role in tumor progression through effects on the microenvironment. The tumor promoting effects of TGF-beta may provide a therapeutic target for late stage breast cancer via TGF-beta antagonists like the soluble receptors recently described. Future experiments will uncover the precise mechanisms of TGF-beta action in development and neoplastic disease providing more opportunities for prevention and treatment of breast disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Serra
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Blvd., Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0005, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sin Nombre hantavirus (SNV) is the leading causative agent of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in the United States and Canada. Relatively few cases of HCPS have involved children. This report describes the clinical characteristics of a series of pediatric cases of SNV infection in the United States and Canada from 1993 through March 2000. METHODS We analyzed clinical and laboratory data on 13 patients who were </=16 years old with SNV infection from 1993 through March 2000 identified from a database at the University of New Mexico. RESULTS The patients ranged from 10 to 16 years of age, with a median of 14. Fifty-four percent were female. Fifty-four percent were Native American. The most common prodromal symptoms were fever, headache, and cough or dyspnea (100%); nausea or vomiting (90%); and myalgia (80%). The most common physical findings at admission were tachypnea (67%) and fever (56%); hypotension was seen in 33% of patients. On admission, all patients manifested thrombocytopenia (median platelet count: 67 000/mm(3)) and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (median level: 1243 IU/L), and >85% of patients had elevated levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and hypoalbuminemia. Leukocytosis and hemoconcentration were seen in less than one third of patients at admission. HCPS developed in 12 of the 13 patients (92%), and 4 of those 12 died (33% case-fatality ratio). The majority of HCPS patients (8 of 12 [67%]) were critically ill and required mechanical ventilation. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was used in 2 patients, 1 of whom survived. An elevated prothrombin time (>/=14 seconds) at admission was predictive of mortality. CONCLUSIONS Infection with SNV in children and adolescents causes HCPS with a clinical course and mortality rate similar to that described in adults. We believe that early recognition of HCPS in children and adolescents and appropriate referral to tertiary care centers that are experienced with HCPS are important in reducing mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Ramos
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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Crowley MR, Head KL, Kwiatkowski DJ, Asch HL, Asch BB. The mouse mammary gland requires the actin-binding protein gelsolin for proper ductal morphogenesis. Dev Biol 2000; 225:407-23. [PMID: 10985859 DOI: 10.1006/dbio.2000.9844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Gelsolin is an actin-binding/severing protein expressed in intracellular and secreted forms. It is a major regulator of the form and function of the actin cytoskeleton in most all cells. Here we demonstrate that female mice with a targeted deletion of the gelsolin gene (Gsn-/-) have defects in mammary gland morphogenesis. Two distinct defects were identified in the gelsolin-null mammary gland. First, the mammary anlage from Gsn-/- mice failed to elongate at the onset of puberty and remained rudimentary until approximately 9 weeks of age, early block (Gsn-/-(EB)). Second, after the mammary epithelium had filled the mammary fat pad, a complete lack of terminal branching, or late block, was observed (Gsn-/-(LB)). The Gsn-/-(EB) was seen in 70% of Gsn-/- mice and appeared to be dependent on a modifier gene(s) in addition to the loss of gelsolin. Gsn-/-(LB) was observed in all Gsn-/- mice. Terminal end buds (TEBs) were not evident in the mammary anlage from Gsn-/-(EB) mice until approximately 9 weeks of age. Cellular proliferation in the terminal ductal regions of Gsn-/-(EB) females was detected by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, but was less than that found in the TEBs of age-matched controls. In mice deficient for gelsolin, mammary gland architecture was unaltered at the histological level. Lobuloalveolar development was delayed in response to pregnancy in mammary glands of Gsn-/- mice but was otherwise normal. Lactation and involution in the gelsolin-null animals were similar to those of wild-type mice. Transplantation of epithelium devoid of gelsolin into a wild-type (GsnWT) mammary fat pad resulted in proper arborization of the ductal tree. Transplantation of GsnWT epithelium into the Gsn-/- fat pad recapitulated the lack of terminal branching seen in Gsn-/- females. These results indicate that gelsolin is required in the mammary stroma for proper ductal morphogenesis. Our results provide the first evidence of an actin regulatory protein affecting mammary ductal growth through stromal-epithelial communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Crowley
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
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Resta TC, Sanders TC, Eichinger MR, Crowley MR, Walker BR. Segmental vasodilatory effectiveness of inhaled NO in lungs from chronically hypoxic rats. Respir Physiol 1998; 114:161-73. [PMID: 9865590 DOI: 10.1016/s0034-5687(98)00086-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is being used to treat pulmonary hypertension in a variety of chronic lung diseases associated with pulmonary vascular remodeling. We hypothesized that chronic hypoxia (CH)-induced vascular remodeling decreases the vasodilatory effectiveness of iNO due to a thickened diffusional barrier. We therefore examined segmental vasodilatory responses to iNO in U-46619-constricted lungs isolated from control and CH (4 weeks at 0.5 atm) rats using double occlusion technique. We further measured lung fluid flux and vascular wall thickness in lungs from each group to provide an index of vascular permeability and vascular remodeling, respectively. CH was associated with decreased venous, but not arterial, responsiveness to iNO in saline-perfused lungs. In addition, the presence of red blood cells (RBC) within the perfusate greatly reduced venodilation in both groups of lungs, indicating that venous responsiveness to iNO in saline-perfused lungs is largely dependent upon transport of NO from an upstream site. In contrast, RBC had no effect on arterial dilation in control lungs, but attenuated arterial dilation to iNO in lungs from CH rats. Finally, fluid flux and arterial wall thickness were greater in lungs from CH rats. We conclude that arterial remodeling associated with CH may limit venous dilation to iNO. Furthermore, the decreased arterial responsiveness to iNO following CH is consistent with extravasation of hemoglobin within the arterial vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Resta
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque 87131, USA.
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Crowley MR, Katz RW, Kessler R, Simpson SQ, Levy H, Hallin GW, Cappon J, Krahling JB, Wernly J. Successful treatment of adults with severe Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Crit Care Med 1998; 26:409-14. [PMID: 9468181 DOI: 10.1097/00003246-199802000-00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe our experience with the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a rescue therapy in adult patients with severe cardiopulmonary failure from Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. DESIGN Case series. SETTING Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS Patients with confirmed Hantavirus infection, who developed severe cardiopulmonary failure in which conventional therapy was assessed as being unsuccessful. INTERVENTIONS Records of previous patients treated for Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome were reviewed and findings consistent with 100% mortality were found. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Findings associated with a 100% mortality rate were a) cardiac index of <2.5 L/min/m2; b) serum lactate concentration of >4.0 mmol/L (normal range 0.0 to 2.2); c) pulseless electrical activity or ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia; and d) refractory shock despite fluid resuscitation, and vasoactive medications. From 1994 to 1996, seven patients were admitted with confirmed Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome and severe cardiopulmonary failure. Three of the seven patients had at least two of the four criteria for a 100% mortality rate listed above, and appeared to be failing optimal conventional therapy. These three patients received support with venoarterial ECMO. The first patient was placed on ECMO during cardiac arrest and died. The next two patients who received ECMO for Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome survived after relatively short, uncomplicated ECMO runs, and were discharged without complications. CONCLUSIONS ECMO successfully provided cardiopulmonary support in two patients with severe Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome who survived with a good outcome. Our experience suggests that ECMO is a beneficial therapy for patients critically ill with Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Crowley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque 87131, USA
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Abstract
In the fetal lamb, oxygen-induced pulmonary vasodilation is attenuated by the combined use of purinergic receptor P1 and P2y antagonists, which block the effect of adenosine and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), respectively, and by N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine [an inhibitor of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (EDNO) synthesis]. In the newborn lamb, oxygen-induced pulmonary vasodilation is not blocked by N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine. We investigated the role of ATP and adenosine in oxygen-induced pulmonary vasodilation in eight newborn lambs with pulmonary hypertension induced by the thromboxane mimic, U46619. The hemodynamic effects of hyperoxia, ATP, adenosine, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and acetylcholine (ACh) were compared before and after purinergic receptor blockade with Cibacron blue (CB, a P2y-receptor antagonist) and 8-phenyltheophylline (8PT, a P1-receptor antagonist) individually, together, and on a separate day, after infusion of N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine. During pulmonary hypertension, combined pretreatment with 8PT and CB attenuated the decrease in pulmonary arterial pressure caused by hyperoxia (11.3 vs. 35.2%), ATP (10.6 vs. 32.2%), and adenosine (1.9 vs. 33.7%) without change in the effect of ACh or SNP (p < 0.05). N(omega)-Nitro-L-arginine attenuated the pulmonary vasodilation caused by ATP and ACh but not by hyperoxia, adenosine, or SNP. In the newborn lamb, the pulmonary vasodilating effect of both oxygen and ATP are attenuated by combined P1 and P2y purinergic-receptor antagonists. Postnatally, oxygen-induced pulmonary vasodilation appears to be mediated by ATP through purinergic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Crowley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, 87131,U.S.A
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48
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Natoli F, Crowley MR, Asch HL, Stoler DL, Asch BB. Mutations involving the endogenous ecotropic murine leukemia virus in primary mammary carcinomas of BALB/c mice. Cancer Lett 1996; 99:121-7. [PMID: 8564923 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3835(95)04060-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous murine leukemia virus-related elements (MLVEs) are often overexpressed in primary mammary carcinomas of BALB/c mice. We therefore searched for mutations associated with MLVEs and found amplified sequences of the ecotropic MLVE in hormonally and chemically induced mammary neoplasms. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis revealed DNA rearrangements consistent with 1-10 or more new copies of the ecotropic MLVE in the genome of these tumors. This is the first evidence of mutations involving an endogenous retrovirus other than mouse mammary tumor virus in mouse mammary carcinomas.
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MESH Headings
- 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene
- Animals
- Carcinogens
- Cocarcinogenesis
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- DNA, Viral/genetics
- Female
- Gene Amplification
- Leukemia Virus, Murine/genetics
- Mammary Glands, Animal/drug effects
- Mammary Glands, Animal/virology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/virology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mutation
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/virology
- Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
- Pregnancy
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Affiliation(s)
- F Natoli
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263-0001, USA
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49
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Reeves RH, Yao J, Crowley MR, Buck S, Zhang X, Yarowsky P, Gearhart JD, Hilt DC. Astrocytosis and axonal proliferation in the hippocampus of S100b transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994; 91:5359-63. [PMID: 8202493 PMCID: PMC43994 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.91.12.5359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
S100 beta is a calcium-binding protein that is expressed at high levels in brain primarily by astrocytes. Addition of the disulfide-bonded dimeric form of S100 beta to primary neuronal and glial cultures and established cell lines induces axonal extension and alterations in astrocyte proliferation and phenotype, but evidence that S100 beta exerts the same effects in vivo has not been presented. An 8.9-kb murine S100b genomic clone was used to produce two lines of transgenic mice in which S100 beta RNA is increased in a dose-related manner to 2-fold and 7-fold above normal. These lines show concomitant increased S100 beta protein throughout the brain. Expression in both lines is cell type- and tissue-appropriate, and expression levels are correlated with the transgene copy number, demonstrating that sequences necessary for normal regulation of the gene are included within the cloned segment. In the hippocampus of adult transgenic mice, Western blotting detects elevated levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein and several markers of axonal sprouting, including neurofilament L, phosphorylated epitopes of neurofilament H and M, and beta-tubulin. Immunocytochemistry demonstrates alterations in astrocyte morphology and axonal sprouting, especially in the dentate gyrus. Thus, both astrocytosis and neurite proliferation occur in transgenic mice expressing elevated levels of S100 beta. These transgenic mice provide a useful model for studies of the role of S100 beta in glial-neuronal interactions in normal development and function of the brain and for analyzing the significance of elevated levels of S100 beta in Down syndrome and Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Reeves
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
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50
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Abstract
HA1004, an isoquinolinesulfonamide and a cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase inhibitor, is an intracellular calcium antagonist that produces vascular smooth muscle (VSM) relaxation in vitro. We studied the hemodynamic effects of intravenous (i.v.) infusions of HA1004 (0.1-2.0 mg/kg) in vivo in 8 newborn lambs, at rest and during pulmonary hypertension induced either by the i.v. infusion of U46619, a thromboxane A2 (TXA2) mimic, or by alveolar hypoxia. For comparison, we also studied the hemodynamic effects of i.v. infusions of nifedipine (15 and 40 micrograms/kg/min), a calcium entry blocker. At rest, HA1004 produced slight but significant changes in pulmonary and systemic arterial pressure (PAP, SAP) and pulmonary and systemic vascular resistances (PVR, SVR) (p < 0.05). During pulmonary hypertension induced by U46619, HA1004 decreased PAP 12-23% and PVR 9-33% (p < 0.05), whereas SAP decreased 7% and SVR decreased 14% at only one dose (p < 0.05). During pulmonary hypertension induced by alveolar hypoxia, HA1004 decreased PAP 6-32% and PVR 11-30% (p < 0.05), whereas SAP decreased 15% only at the highest dose (p < 0.05). Linear regression analysis of the pooled data demonstrated that HA1004 caused selective pulmonary vasodilation during pulmonary hypertension. Nifedipine decreased PAP 6 and 14% and SAP 5 and 17% during pulmonary hypertension. In newborn lambs with pulmonary hypertension, HA1004, an intracellular calcium antagonist, is more selective and potent than nifedipine, a calcium entry blocker, in decreasing PAP and therefore may be useful in treatment of children with pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Crowley
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California at San Francisco, 94143
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